REVIEWS.

volume, extending to nearly 600 pages. To those who have no previous acquaintance with the subject it may appear strange that anyone, without being guilty of redundancy or repetition, could find matter relating to the bacteriology of milk to fill a volume of this size. Nevertheless it may safely be said that the work which Mr Swithinbank and Dr Newman have produced owes nothing of its size to either redundancy or repetition. That, however, is not to say that it might not with advantage have been made smaller, by omitting to deal with some points which, although they fall quite naturally under the title selected for the work, might perhaps have been left out without exposing it to a charge of incompleteness.

The opening chapter is devoted to some general conditions afiecting bac­teria in milk, such as its general properties and composition, the physiology of lactation in the cow, fodder and its effect oli milk, etc. Chapters II. and III. deal with the technique of bacteriological examination of milk, and are followed by a chapter in which the examination of air and water in relation to milk supply is described. The matter of these three chapters is excellent, but it is questionable whether it would not have been better to deal more briefly with these subjects, which are, of course, discussed in all the text-books on bacteriology.

The succeeding three chapters deal with the bacteriology of milk from what may be called the economic standpoint. The remainder of the book, amounting to two· thirds of the whole, is devoted to the pathological aspects of milk bacteriology, and this is at once the most original and the most valuable part of the work. The exigencies of space en the present occasion will not permit us to outline, or even to mention, the whole of the important subjects that are discussed in these final chapters, but we may say that nothing connected with milk as a factor in the causation of disease has escaped notice. Tuberculous milk naturally comes in for a large share of attention, as do also milk-borne epidemics of scarlatina, diphtheria, sore­throat, and typhoid. The control of the milk supply by the State and by private enterprise are also dealt with at considerable length. Lastly, we must not omit to mention that the book is illustrated by 33 plates and 35 smaller figures in the text.

The work is certain to have a large sale among medical officers of health, . and no veterinary surgeon who has to do with the inspection of milk or dairy cows can afford to be without it.

Surgical and Obstetrical Operations for Veterinary Students and Practitioners. By W. L. Williams, Professor in the State Veterinary College, New York, U.S.A. Pp. 110. I1Iustrated with thirty-four plates and fourteen figures. Published by the author.

THIS small work appears to be a revised and somewhat amplified version of Pfeiffer's (University of Giessen) Operationskursus, as translated by Professor Williams, and published about three years ago. In many ways the second edition is better than the first. The new book has been enlarged, and its illustrations have been increased and improved. Additional matter is repre­sented by ovariotomy in the cow, bitch, and cat, by nine embryotomy opera­tions, and by a new (vide preface) operation for pollevil-of which the remark may be permitted that careful scrutiny of the details gives no clue to newness. Arytenectomy now replaces Merillat's operation for roaring-" arytenoidy­raphy"-unattractive in name and apparently of small value in practice. Staphylotomy, as an exploratory operation in pharyngeal disease, has been retained, though its performance in the horse is seldom or never justifiable.

REVIEWS.

Some confusion still continues regarding the relationships of the facial sinuses and the treatment of impaction of these cavities. The trephine opening into the frontal sinus, as shown in Plate IV., is directly over the ethmoid lateral mass and needlessly near the cranial cavity. The position of the partition which usually separates the upper and lower maxillary sinuses is said to be of " scant interest," and probably for this reason the best point for opening the larger maxillary sinus to ensure efficient drainage is not clearly indicated. The introduction states that surgical operations "acquire value only when properly correlated to disease and skilfully performed," but notwithstanding this caution it would seem that in trephining the sinuses the position and number of the holes-nasal or facial-is immaterial. With these and a few other exceptions, the operations, fifty-three in number, are well described; and, while everyone may not agree with the author's explanations of doubtful points, the directions given should afford considerable assistance to the student or practitioner in operative surgery.-J. M 'Q.

A Text-Book of Veterinary Medicine. Vol. V. By James Law, F.R,C.V.S. Ithaca. Published by the author, I903.

THIS is the concluding volume of Professor Law's encyclopaodic work on veterinary medicine, of which we have already had occasion to speak in terms of praise in noticing the appearance of the earlier volumes. It is mainly devoted to the animal parasites, but also deals with ringworm, actinomycosis, and other diseases caused by parasitic fungi. It need only te said that the high level of fulness and accuracy which characterised the preceding volumes is maintained in this one, and we congratulate the author on the completion of a work which is a really valuable addition to veterinary literature.

Protozoa and Disease. By J. Jackson Clarke, M. B., London. Part I. London: Bailliere, Tindall & Cox, I903.

THE modest estimate of his own work which the author of this book expresses in the preface is to some extent calculated to disarm criticism, for it is there stated that to biologists much of the matter must appear rough and elementary, though the hope is expressed that the work may serve to give them an insight into the view of those who are concerned with pathology, and at the same time be useful to medical men" as a basis for considering recent and forthcoming work on the protozoa in disease." Presumably for the benefit of biologists and medical men, the author proposes in a second part to collect the work that has been done with regard to the part alleged, but not as yet fully proved, to be played by protozoa in disease. Candour compels us to say that we form, if anything, a lower estimate of the practical usefulness of the book than the one held by the author himself. " Rough and elementary" are the terms that correctly describe the quality of the matter. It is not to be supposed that any biologist would have the patience to read the author's account of the protozoa here dealt with, and it is likely to prove equally disappointing to the practitioner, whether medical or veter­inary, who consults its pages for information with regard to the role played by the protozoa in the causation of disease. The book, in short, is on the plane of the "popular lecture," and it cannot be recommended except to those who do not desire more information on any subject than can be agree­ably imparted under that guise.