Surgical instruments

Dr. Abdussalam M jahan Dr. Abdussalam M jahan ENT depart, Misurata ENT depart, Misurata university, faculty of university, faculty of

medicinemedicine

Laryngoscope : An endoscope containing a blade to depress the tongue, and light for illumination and examination of the larynx.

Uses:Used pre operatively during intubation.Used post operatively to clean the oral cavity from any secretion.

Problems:Battery depending

Endotracheal tube

endotracheal tube an AIRWAY catheter inserted

in the trachea during endotracheal INTUBATION to

assure patency of the upper airway by allowing for

removal of secretions and maintenance of an

adequate air passage. Endotracheal intubation may

be accomplished through the mouth, or through the

nose. Numerous different endotracheal tubes are

available.

Tubes for adults are almost always “cuffed” to

prevent air and aspiration leakage and allow for

their use with a mechanical ventilator. (Pediatric

tubes are not cuffed, since the airway is narrower

at the distal end.) The cuff is a balloon like device

that fits over the lower end of the tube and is

attached to a narrow tube that extends outside the

body and allows for inflation of the cuff.

Once the cuff is inflated

there is no flow of air

through the trachea other

than that going through

the endotracheal tube.

Care should be taken not

to overinflate the cuff.

Uses:1-Assure patency of air way.2-Allow passage of oxygen.3-Allow passage of anesthetic gases.4-Help in suction of secretions from lower air way.

Complications: 1-Prolonged intubation may lead to sub glottic stenosis.2-Can be blocked.3-Infections.

Tracheostomy Tube:

A tracheostomy tube is a hollow tube, with or without a cuff, that is inserted directly into the

trachea through a surgical incision (tracheostomy). A number of tracheostomy tubes are available for

neonatal, pediatric, and adult uses. Early tubes were made of materials such as steel, silver, and rubber. Currently, tracheostomy tubes

are increasingly made from plastic and similar materials, which are lightweight and comfortable for

patients. They also provide variety in function and help reduce complications.

Uses:1-Used in tracheostomy operation to by pass upper air way obstruction.2-decrease complications of prolonged intubation.3-Help in cleaning of lower air way.4-Prevent closure of stoma.

Complications:1-Infection and inflammation.2-Blockage.

Ambu bag :A self-reinflating bag used during resuscitation. 

Mouth gag:Surgical device used post operatively to maintain the upper air way open.

Urine catheter: ( Foley catheter)a latex, polyurethane, or silicone tube inserted into a patient's bladder via the urethra

Uses:

1-Catheterization allows the patient's urine to drain freely from the bladder for collection. 2-It may be used to inject liquids used for treatment or diagnosis of bladder conditions.3-Patient in ICU to monitoring the urine out put.4-Intra operative in long operations.5-Patient complaining urinary of obstruction. 

Complications:

1- Urinary tract infections (UTI).

2- Wrong cathetrization which lead to

urethral injury.

3- Obstruction.

Urine bag: Nylon made, used to collect the urine.

Plastic catheter: Plastic made used for suction.