surgical site infection - anzsvn · assign admin responsibility to anesthetist or ... v’s...
TRANSCRIPT
Surgical Site Infection
SHERI SANDISON. MN. RN. VASCULAR CPCSALHS
SSI Risk Factors :
Patient•Comorbidities•Immune status•Colonisation
Pathogen•Virulence•Resistance
Procedure•Duration•Preparation•Type / technique•Equipment sterilization
Vascular patients = high risk:
Multiple comorbidities Infected tissue Malnourished Immuno‐suppressed Poor perfusion History resistance (MRSA / VRE) Long procedures / multiple procedures Short prep time (urgent / semi‐urgent) In substandard angio suites.
Reduce risk of SSI:
Pre‐op Peri ‐op
Post‐op
Prevention Strategies
Core Strategies
High level of evidence
Demonstrated feasibility
Supplemental strategies
Some evidence
Variable levels of feasibility
Pre‐op Strategies
Remove infections where possibleIdentify & treat before elective surgeryPostpone until infection resolvedRemove infected tissue (drain diabetic foot / guillotine amputation)
DOSA admission (decreased cross transfer –nosocomial infections)
Pre‐op Strategies
Do not remove hair unless interferes with surgeryProtocol for preop hair removalNo Razors – use ClippersClip as close as possible to incision time Protocols & educationEducate patients not to self shave preop.
Pre‐op Strategies
Antibiotic prophylaxis In accordance to guidelines / standards for procedure,
common local pathogen, published recommendations.ProtocolTimed to allow tissue penetrationEnsure processes to ensure preop administration for
vancomycin Discontinue antibiotics within 24hrs. Adjust dose for obese patient
Antibiotic Admin. StrategiesAntibiotic prophylaxis Pre‐printed standard orders OR drug stocks to include ONLY standard guideline drugs
Assign admin responsibility to anesthetist or holding room nurse.
Team time out Visible reminders / check lists, stickers, stop signs Involve ID, Pharmacy in protocol; development / implementation guidelines.
Pre‐op Strategies
Skin Prep:Chlorhex & alcohol (3 hours life) v’s betadine (20 min life)Processes to prevent fire (Alcohol + Diathermy)Tinted to ensure visible coverage
Nasal screening & de‐colonise (mupiricin) Screen preop glucose – maintain tight glucose control Preop chlorhex sponge shower (night before & morning
of) Patient education about SSI, strategies & their role Smoking cessation
Intra‐op Strategies
OR environment OR traffic reduce /Close theatre doors (issue with angio suites if not true
theatre standard) Theatre cleaning Laminar flow Hand wash with antiseptic & approved technique Sterile gowns Sterile instruments Hats / masks Jewelry / artificial nail & polish removed Sterile gloves (double glove) No infected staff Aspesis Only iodophor impregnated drapes Diathermy does not reduce SSI risk
Intra‐op Strategies
Maintain normothermiaWarmed blankets (pre/ intra /post)Warmed fluidsWarming blankets on OR tableHats & booties peri op
Intra‐op Strategies
Maintain haemostasisAdequate perfusionMaintain glucose level (< 11mmol/l) Maintain o2 level (>95%)
Repeat antibiotics for lengthy procedure (3 –4hours – specific guidelines)
Handle tissue gently – haematoma = infectionApply sterile dressingDon’t use irrigation / intra‐cavity lavage to
reduce risk
Post‐op Strategies
Surgical dressing in place for 48 hoursChange dressing using aseptic techniqueSafe to shower at 48 ours Occlusive dressing to prevent strike throughControl post op glucose levels (<11mmol/l)Discontinue antibiotics within 24hrs. SSI surveillance & audit Reduce LOS
Research opportunities
Nasal decontamination in high risk vascular patients
Supplemental O2 in recovery Preop glucose screening & post op control Closure methods Wound dressing types (Occlusive, antimicrobial, TNP)
References
Casey AL, Elliott TSJ. Progress in the prevention of surgical site infection. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2009;22:370‐375
Chong T, Sawyer R. Update on the epidemiology and prevention of surgical site infections. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2002;4:484‐490)
Department of Health and Human Services. Action Plan to Prevent Healthcare‐Associated Infections. http://www.hhs.gov/ophs/initiatives/hai/infection.html Accessed 17 February 2010
Fry DE. A systems approach to the prevention of surgical infections. Surg Clin N Am 2009;89:521‐537.
Haynes AB, Weiser TG, Berry WR, et al,. A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality in a global population. N Eng J Med 2009;360(5):491‐499.
References
Horan TC, Andrus M, Dudeck MA. CDC/NHSN surveillance definition of health care‐associated infection and criteria for specific types of infections in the acute care setting. Am J Infect Cotrol 2008;36:309‐32
Kirby JP, Mazuski JE. Prevention of surgical site infection. Surg Clin N Am 2009;89:365‐389.
Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, et al. Guideline for the prevention of surgical site infection, 1999. Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999; 20:250‐278.
Nichols RL. Preventing surgical site infections. Clin Med Res 2004;2(2):115‐118.
World Alliance for Patient Safety. WHO guidelines for safe surgery. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2008
References
http://www.nice.org.uk/nicemedia/pdf/CG74NICEGuideline.pdf
http://www.cdc.gov/HAI
http://www.health.vic.gov.au/sssl/downloads/prev_surgical.pdf
http://www.hps.scot.nhs.uk/haiic/ic/publicationsdetail.aspx?id=50997
http://www.documents.hps.scot.nhs.uk/hai/infection‐control/evidence‐for‐care‐bundles/key‐recommendations/ssi.pdf
http://www.nhmrc.gov.au/book/australian‐guidelines‐prevention‐and‐control‐infection‐healthcare‐2010/b4‐3‐2‐minimising‐risk‐s