Zoe Irvin, Kyra Neumann, and Sarah Uhlian

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Surrealism

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Preceding Art: Dada

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Dada 1916-1923Anti-everything Protesting WWI Desired to provoke public controversy One rule: never follow any known rules Key people: Tristan Tzara and Marcel

Duchamp WWI scattered DADA painters After the war:

Returned to Paris where Dada activities continued

Founder: André Breton

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Originally in Dada Breton v. Tristan Tzara Dada’s collapse in ParisBRETON’S CREATION OF SURREALISM

Founder of surrealism Started as a writers only movementEventually, accepted painters Manifesto of Surrealism

Writer

Influences of WWI

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SocialChange in the status of women Fear of another world war WWI made luxuries impossible

Economic Inflation from war

Political Entire map of Europe changed A plethora of new ideologies

Scientific Influences

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Freud Interpretation of dreamsUnconsciousFree AssociationId, ego, and superego

Max Ernst (1891-1976)

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No formal art training Study philosophy and psychology

Learned about Freud

Max Ernst (1891-1976)

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frottage and grattage Emphasis

Contact between materials Transforming everyday materials to create an idea of your consciousness Led to automatism

Influenced abstract expressionism

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Untitled 1925

Salvador Dali (1904-1989)

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Madrid School of Fine Arts“There is only one difference between a madman and me. The madman thinks he in sane. I know I am mad.”

“Each morning when I awake, I

experience again a

supreme pleasure- that

of being Salvador Dali.”

Salvador Dali (1904-1989)

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Eroticism, death, and decaySymbolism Critical paranoia Shock and unease Rejected from Surrealism by Breton

"Geopoliticus Child Watching the Birth of the New Man“ (1943)

Rene Magritte (1898-1967)

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Drawing lessons at age 10

Suicide of mother

Abandonment during WWI

Criminal record

Rene Magritte (1898-1967)

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Oil paintings

Influenced pop art, minimalism, and conceptualism

“The Son of Man” (1927)

Joan Miro (1893-1983)

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Loved drawing at an early age

Studied landscape and decorative art at School of Industrial Fine Arts

Joan Miro (1893-1983)

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Limited paletteBold and expressive colors

Partial surrealist Influenced color field painting within abstract expressionism

16 “May 1968” (1973)

Characteristics:Accessing the unconscious

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Automatism Automatic writing Automatic speech Automatic painting

DreamsHallucinationsBreton:

Move toward objectsMatisse:

Moved away from objects

Characteristics

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Desired to portray basic drivesHighlighting abuse of the female body

JuxtapositionReality and fantasy

Limited by society Rebelling rational ideals of society

PoliticsLeft-wing Anti-capitalism

Critiques

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Freud Surrealists failed to access the

unconscious Untrained use of psychoanalysis They deceived themselves

Feminists fundamentally a male movementadopts archaic attitudes toward women

Stereotypes, sexist norms, objects of desire, and of mystery

Reactions

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wary to support surrealists lack of using Freud’s conditions

“What lacunae has this expansion been made possible?”

surrealism played on Marxism and psychoanalysis

obsessed with women and madness

“Surrealism is a wonder, a wonder intricately woven from

the everyday as if wonder itself could be a self-sustaining more of

perception.”

“The surrealists were not good with

women. That is why, although I thought

they were wonderful, I had to give them up

in the end.”

Successions

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Abstract expressionismPop art MinimalismConceptualism Neo-dadaPerformance

So what?

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Brought attention to unnecessary planning in art

Seen todayAdvertisements FilmFashion photography

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SURREALISMJOAN MIRO

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SURREALISMSALVADOR

DALI

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SURREALISM

MAX ERNST

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SURREALISM

SURREALISM

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Persistence of Memory by Salvador Dali- 1931

32Surrealism and Painting by Max Ernst- 1942

33 Young Girl Eating a Bird by Rene Magritte- 1927

Zoe Irvin, Kyra Neumann, and Sarah Uhlian

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Surrealism