survey of wireless network-on-chip systems master’s project defense xi li
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Report Advisor: Dr. Vishwani D. Agrawal Report Committee: Dr. Shiwen Mao and Dr. Jitendra Tugnait. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Auburn University, AL 36849 USA. Survey of Wireless Network-on-Chip Systems Master’s Project Defense Xi Li . Outline. ※ Background - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
Report Advisor: Dr. Vishwani D. AgrawalReport Committee: Dr. Shiwen Mao and Dr. Jitendra Tugnait
Survey of Wireless Network-on-Chip Systems
Master’s Project DefenseXi Li
Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringAuburn University, AL 36849 USA
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
Outline ※ Background ※ Problem Statement ※ General Solution ※ Contribution
- Experimental Results and Analysis
Latency vs. Injection Rate Latency vs. Number of Virtual Channels
※ Conclusion
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
Background
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Network-on-Chip (NoC) is an approach to designing the communication subsystem between IP cores on a single chip, modules are interconnected via switches (routers) ※ Size: mm-scale ※ Numbers of processors: dozens of or even hundreds of ※ Communication method:“Point-to-point” and “packet-based (usually in flit)” ※ Layered protocol (MAC layer, network layer) ※ Modules’ structures should be as simple as possible
※ Variety kinds of topologies are used in NoC
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
A 4 by 4 regular mesh NoC topology
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
Problem Statement
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ High latency and power consumption will be introduced due to 1) the multi-hop in the communication path between two nodes and 2) high injection rate.
More nodes in a chip, more hops and higher injection ※rate will be in the communication.
Many hops, high injection rate, and results a high latency
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
General Solutions
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Wireless link is introduced – reduce the number of hops in the path Some outstanding transmission ways: UWB, mm-wave, ※CNT
UWB-Based Mm-Wave-Based
CNT-Based
Bandwidth 3.6GHz Tens of GHz Around 500GHzDevices’ sizes Millimeter order Millimeter order Micrometer
orderTransmission
rangeNot enough
(1mm)enough Enough
# of Channels per link
multiple single multiple
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Pure Wireless vs. Hybrid Wireless NoC system
Pure: All nodes are fully connected via wirelessLimited wireless sourceLimited transmission rangeTherefore, hard to use in practice
Hybrid: Combination of wired and wirelessReduce the number of hopAlleviate latencyTherefore, always used
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Structure Wireless insertion※ Routing scheme and communication protocol※
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
clustercluster
cluster
clustercluster
cluster
cluster
※ Structure of Hybrid Wireless NoC system: Hierarchical Bottom level: nodes form to a cluster via wired linkTop level: some clusters are connected by wireless
(sometimes, clusters in neighbor are still connected by wired)
Structure of hybrid wireless NoC
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Wireless insertion:Using SA (simulated annealing) to get the optimal configuration – the placement of the wireless links
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Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Routing scheme and communication protocol Should be as simple as possible Routing schemes’ examples: Location-based
(LBR), dimension-ordered, path length-based and some other adopting router scheme
Communication protocol: multi-channel protocol (combination of TDM and FDM)
Other used communication schemes: pulse position modulation, biphase modulation, on-off key modulation…
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
Contribution
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Experiment
In this section, performance of both traditional NoC (wired) and wireless NoC will be simulated; then, a comparison between them will me make.
Some parameters: injection rate: bit/cycle per node latency: cycle virtual channel
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Latency vs. Injection Rate (wired)
8 by 8 regular mesh:
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Latency vs. Injection Rate (wired)
In order to reduce the distance between two nodes in wired communication, we can increase the concentration of the network.
Concentration stands for the number of nodes that share a single router. E.g. concentration 4 means a router is shared by 4 nodes.
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Latency vs. Injection Rate (wired)
A 4 by 4 cmesh NoC topology
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
A 4 by 4 regular mesh NoC topology
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Latency vs. Injection Rate (wired)
therefore, in cmesh topology, the average distance can reduce.
8 by 8 cmesh hop
8 by 8 regular mesh hop
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Latency vs. Injection Rate (wired)
8 by 8 cmesh:
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Latency vs. Injection Rate (wired) However, since every router has more work to do,
latency is still introduced Therefore, there is a trade-off between the distance
and number of nodes per router if we use wired link.
Comparison between8 by 8 regular mesh and cmesh:
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Latency vs. Injection Rate (wireless)
Therefore, wireless NoC is needed Here, we use a kind of topology to simulate
wireless NoC system – flattened butterfly topology
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Latency vs. Injection Rate (wireless)
A 4 by 4 flattened butterfly NoC topology
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Latency vs. Injection Rate (wireless)
64 nodes 256 nodes
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Latency vs. Number of Virtual Channels (wired)
8 by 8 regular mesh
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Latency vs. Number of Virtual Channels (wireless)
Wireless NoC (64 nodes)
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Comparison between wired and wireless
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
Conclusion
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
Comparison with traditional wired NoC, wireless NoC has a great improvement in performance (latency, maximum injection rate, so that the throughput)
In wireless NoC, before a specific level of injection rate, the latency increment is tiny.
Virtual channel plays a more important role in wireless NoC than in traditional NoC.
※ Conclusion
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
※ Future work
Devices’ manufactory Topology and communication protocolOther aspect: fault tolerant and
reconfiguration
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
Thank You
Xi's M.E.E Presentation
Question?