survival relationships. survival relationships mutualism commensalism parasitism
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Survival Relationships
Survival relationships
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Mutualism
A symbiotic (permanent, close) relationship in which both species benefit from the interaction.
Examples: plant – pollinator, plant – seed disperser, ants - aphids
Plants - PollinatorPlants are able to reproduce, pollinator receives food (nectar)
Redbilled Oxpecker
Eats insects including ticks, from large wild and domesticated mammals. (Does, however, prefer blood and will feed on it directly, pecking at the mammal's wounds).
Plant – Seed DisperserPlants are able to grow and spread their
population, seed dispersers get food (berries/fruit)
Ant - Aphid
Ants get “honeydew” – a sugary sap left over by the aphids. Aphids
receive protection.
Egyptian Plover - Crocodile
Plover eats parasites that inhabit the crocodiles mouth
Commensalism
A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits from the interaction, the other species neither benefits nor is harmed.
Examples: Plant – seed disperser, Barnacle – other aquatic life, Cattle Egret
Plant – Seed disperser
Seeds cling to animals and fall off over time. The animals are unharmed.
Barnacles – WhalesBarnacles attach to aquatic creatures allowing them
to move. The aquatic creatures are unharmed.
Clown fish and sea anemone
Cattle Egret - Cattle
• The Egret follows cattle and eats insects that are turned up in the soil. Cattle are unharmed.
Parasitism
A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits while the other species is harmed by the interaction.
Parasites generally live on or in the body of their host, get nourishment from their tissues, and do some harm to them.
Examples: Parasitic plants, Ticks, Brown-Headed cowbirds
Mistletoetakes nutrients from
host trees, can kill them with heavy
infestation.
TicksAttach to mammals, usually, but will attach to other organisms such as birds. They suck their
blood and can transfer other parasites. In humans they cause Lyme disease.
Brown-headed Cowbirds
Exhibit brood parasitism. They
remove other birds eggs, and lay their own in
return
Hookworm
Roundworm
Tapeworm
Great Black Wasp
Female stings and paralyzes prey and then deposits her eggs into the prey. The larvae feed off of the living organism until they arelarge enough and able to break through the skin eventually killingthe host organism.