Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS

Chappaqua, NY

A View of Egypt by Satellite

The Annual Flooding of the Nile

Agriculture was central to the rise of kingdoms in Agriculture was central to the rise of kingdoms in the Nile Valley. Every time the Nile overflowed the Nile Valley. Every time the Nile overflowed

its banks its nutrient rich silt was its banks its nutrient rich silt was deposited on its shores. deposited on its shores.

The Fertile Nile Valley

Between 5,000 and 4,000 B.C full time farmers established Between 5,000 and 4,000 B.C full time farmers established settlements along the Nile. These settlements eventually grew settlements along the Nile. These settlements eventually grew

into regional states known as Upper and Lower Egyptinto regional states known as Upper and Lower Egypt

Ancient Egyptian HistoryPeriods Time Frame

Nile Culture Begins

3900 B. C. E.

Old Kingdom 2705 – 2213 B. C. E.Middle Kingdom 2061 – 1668 B. C. E.New Kingdom 1560 – 1070 B. C. E.

Greek Ptolemaic Era

332 – 30 B. C. E.

Roman Period 30 B. C. E. – 395 C. E.

Menes: Unifier of Upper & Lower Egypt

First Dynasty c. 3050 B. C. E. ?

The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt The unification of Upper and Lower Egypt marked the beginning of the 3,000 year marked the beginning of the 3,000 year

civilization of Ancient Egypt.civilization of Ancient Egypt.

Scenes of Ancient EgyptianDaily Life

Each time a kingdom ended, Egypt entered a Each time a kingdom ended, Egypt entered a period of confusion that lasted until a new period of confusion that lasted until a new

dynasty restored order.dynasty restored order.

Ancient Egyptian HousingMiddle Class

Homes

Peasant Homes

An Egyptian Woman’s “Must-Haves”

Perfume

Whigs

Mirror

Egyptian Social Hierarchy

Egyptian Kings were called Pharaohs. Originally Egyptian Kings were called Pharaohs. Originally it was the rulers palaces that were known as it was the rulers palaces that were known as

Pharaohs, meaning Great HousePharaohs, meaning Great House

Some Famous Egyptian Pharaohs

Thutmose III

1504-1450 B. C. E. Ramses II

1279-1212 B. C. E.

Tutankhamon

1336-1327 B. C. E.

Papyrus Paper

Papyrus Plant

Egyptian writing was known as hieroglyphics. This Egyptian writing was known as hieroglyphics. This form of writing is based on picture like symbols that form of writing is based on picture like symbols that

are carved into stone tablets / monuments or are carved into stone tablets / monuments or placed on papyrusplaced on papyrus

Hieratic Scroll Piece

Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic

symbols

Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship

11 1010 100100 10001000 10,00010,000 100,000100,000 1,000,0001,000,000

What number is this?

2,5252,525

Egyptian Scribe

A system of writing allowed Egyptians to A system of writing allowed Egyptians to keep records of the Kingdom’s history, keep records of the Kingdom’s history,

knowledge, and business knowledge, and business matters, i.e. taxes.matters, i.e. taxes.

Preparations for the Underworld

They were expected to rule in both this life

and the next

Rulers = GodsThey stood at the center of Egypt’s

religion and government

Shabtis: The Pharaoh’s Servants

in the Afterlife

Egyptian Book of the Dead

They believed that the afterlife went on forever, so They believed that the afterlife went on forever, so they made elaborate preparations they made elaborate preparations

for their deaths.for their deaths.

“Bent” Pyramid of King Sneferu

Egyptians made huge tombs filled with luxuries Egyptians made huge tombs filled with luxuries for their eternal comfort for their eternal comfort

Stepped Pyramid at Saqqara

The step pyramid is made of six stone platforms and The step pyramid is made of six stone platforms and is the oldest standing building in the world is the oldest standing building in the world

Plan of the Great Pyramid of Khufu

Giza Pyramid Complex

Largest PyramidLargest Pyramid

Built by King KhufuBuilt by King Khufu

The Valley of the Kings

The construction of monuments drained the Old The construction of monuments drained the Old Kingdom financially. In time droughts and Kingdom financially. In time droughts and

weak kings led to the decline weak kings led to the decline of this civilizationof this civilization

Nile Irrigation-the Shaduf

During the Middle Kingdom the rulers planned for During the Middle Kingdom the rulers planned for droughts by digging irrigation systems that piped water droughts by digging irrigation systems that piped water

from the Nile into storage basins.from the Nile into storage basins.

The Hyksos InvasionThe Hyksos Invasion

They rolled into the Nile River They rolled into the Nile River Valley In revolutionary two Valley In revolutionary two

wheeled chariotswheeled chariots

The Middle Kingdom was attacked The Middle Kingdom was attacked by the Hyksos in 1770 B.Cby the Hyksos in 1770 B.C

King Tutankhamun’s Tomb

Rulers of The New Kingdom learned from The Hyksos. Rulers of The New Kingdom learned from The Hyksos. They stole their ideas for horse drawn chariots / bronze They stole their ideas for horse drawn chariots / bronze

weapons, and used them to drive out the Hyksos.weapons, and used them to drive out the Hyksos.

King Tutankhamon’s Death Mask

1336-1327 B. C. E. = One of The Best Known Rulers of Egypt

Entrance to King “Tut’s” Tomb

King Tutankhamon

Treasures From Tut’s Tomb