METHODOLOGY• Selection of infrastructure projects in the last 20 years that were the subject of environmental studies to obtain environmental licenses;• Identification of major transportation projects;• Projects located in the different geomorphological compartments of the São Paulo State.• Selection of projects, among those selected, that the authors of of the paper had some technical participation in any stage of environmental impact

assesment, or during the construction phase of the projects. Analysis of the expected environmental impacts and mitigation measures proposed in the studies.

ANALYSIS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDIES OF INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS

Sustainability in infrastructure projects proposed for São Paulo state / Brazil and their vulnerability

to climate change

José Luis Ridente Junior*Coauthor(s): Ivan Carlos Maglio , Carlos Henrique Aranha , Fabíola Sacchielle Pagliarani.

*jlridente@gmail.com

ABSTRACTConsidering the scenario of climate change, in accordance with the latest reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it’spossible to verify that the frequency of extreme climatic events tends to be higher, with potential consequences not completely known as of yet.In this context, this article focuses on analyzing some environmental studies on infrastructure projects in São Paulo state, considering the differentgeomorphological compartments and their potential environmental fragilities in the face of climatic changes

CONSIDERATIONS

Although international reports and scientific studies point to uncertainties in climate modeling, especially due to the difficulty of predicting socioeconomic aspects (GHG emissions, demography, technological development, among others), environmental studies for new developments in São Paulo state need to:

• Incorporate forecasts considering the predictions of increase occurrence of extreme events;

• Incorporate new design criteria for drainage systems, for security of structures, among others;

• Incorporate new systems of operational monitoring of infrastructure to increase the efficiency of forecasting actions and alert to the occurrence of these extreme events;

• To develop specific mitigation plans and contingency plans that incorporate new emergency operational procedures and protocols for harm reduction in natural disaster cases at the respective sites identified to withstand exceptional climatic events;

• Research and incorporate (even international) experiences of actions that increase resilience or responsiveness to extreme events;

• Apply globally an consolidated knowledge to international organizations such as the IPCC, UNISDR, to increase the engineering solutions of the infrastructure projects to be developed - incorporating future forecasts, testing and applying modeling in order to increase its accuracy.

THE ENVIRONMENT OF SÃO PAULO STATE

Due to the fragilities of the environments in the state conditioned by the naturalcharacteristics and the occupation of the land, the new enterprises are subjectto the phenomena that may result in behavior alterations of frequency, intensity,comprehensiveness and significance.

In this way, it is possible to consider that:

The Coastal Plain may intensify the processes of localized floods, salinization ofgroundwater, instability in building foundations, etc., due to sea level rises,elevation of the water table, liquefaction of the land and occurrences ofundertows;

The Atlantic Plateau may have an intensification of slope and flooding processesdue to the increase in rainfall, which is already very high. In this way, theinstalled infrastructure would be subject to change in the vulnerability ofwherever the it is located;

In the Peripheral Depression and in the Western Plateau, the intensification ofthe processes of linear and superficial erosion can be predicted as well as ofslides on the steepest slopes, in addition to floods located in the fluvial plainsand strong winds. As well as this, the increase in temperature may change thedynamics of agricultural production in the region.

RESULTS:1- No mention of climate change was identified of environmental impact assesment in the studies that had been analyzed;2- There were no socio-environmental impacts associated with climate change.

São Paulo in Brazil

NATURAL PROCESSES AND THE IMPACTS, THAT ARE EXPECTED TO WORSEN WITH THE INCREASE IN THE OCCURRENCE OF EXTREME EVENTS IN SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL

CoastalPlains

GEOLOGICALFORMATION

FRAGILITIESREPORTS OF

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDIES

PHOTOS

Coastal

Plains

Sandy Tertiary and

Quaternary

sedimentary rocks

with levels of organic

clay

Very high - subject to

floods, shallow water

table and

inconsolidated sediment

subject to constant

accommodation, and

high susceptibility to the

undertows.

Implementation of

underwater tunnel

(Submerso Santos-

Guarujá)

Atlantic

Plateau

Igneous and

metamorphic rocks

with relief of hills and

mountains. Altitudes

between 20 and

1000m.

Tertiary sedimentary

basins with sandy

stones with low

slopes.

Medium to high - strong

erosive activities and

high susceptibility to

landslides. The

sedimentary basins

have medium to high

fragility due to the

potential of floods.

Modernization and

deployment of highways

(Rodoanel, Tamoios)

New subway lines (Linha

5 Lilás)

Peripheral

Depression

Sedimentary rocks in

the Paraná Basin of

several lithology.

Altitudes between

600 and 750m.

Low to medium - low

erosive potential.

New pipeline networks

(GASPAJ)

Western

Plateau

Sedimentary rocks of

the Paraná Basin

composed of

sandstones and

basaltic igneous

rocks. Altitude

between 500 and

600m.

Medium - greater

stability in the

processes of the

physical environment.

However, it has high

susceptibility to linear

erosive processes.

Enlargement Dr. Leite

Lopes State AIRPORT -

Ribeirão Preto

Floods Strong WindsErosionUndertow

Source: IG- Instituto GeológicoSource: Portal G1

Source: CFVV Blogspot Source: UOL NotíciasSource: Somos1so

Landslides