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SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAMS County of Alameda June 2007

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SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAMS

County of Alameda June 2007

ALAMEDA COUNTY

SUSTAINABILTY PROGRAMS Saving Taxpayer Dollars

Energy Efficiency Retrofits $ 6,000,000/yr Onsite Renewable/Ultra Clean

Power Generation $ 820,000/yr 67 Gas/Electric Hybrids $ 86,000/yr Composting Landscape & Jail Food Waste $ 65,000/yr

Reuse Office Equipment & Furniture

(16,000 items) $ 84,000/yr

Generating Revenues

Sell Used Equipment & Furniture $ 135,000/yr Recycle Paper & Metals $ 65,000/yr

Receiving Energy Incentives

Energy Incentives & Grants $ 17,100,000

___________________________________________________________________

ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY AWARDS

County of Alameda, California, USA ENERGY

• 2007 Crown Community Award from American City and County Magazine Fuel Cell Project

• 2005 & 2002 Green Power Leadership Awards from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency & U.S. Department of Energy On-site Power Generation

• 2002 Challenge Award from the California State Association of Counties (CSAC) Energy Program

• 2002 Governor’s Environmental and Economic Leadership Award from the State of California Energy Conservation

• 2002 Flex Your Power Energy Award from the State of California Energy Conservation

GREEN BUILDING

• 2007 Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Gold certification (anticipated) Juvenile Justice Center

• 2002 Energy Efficient Building Award from Energy User News Best Institutional Project: Santa Rita Jail

RECYCLING & SOURCE REDUCTION

• 1998 Recycling at Work Leadership Award from the US Conference of Mayors

GLOBAL WARMING LEADERSHIP Promote clean energy, energy and resource efficiency, and alternative fuels

SUSTAINABILITY PROGRAMS

REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE, ROT Conserve resources, reuse County assets, recycle, and compost

ENVIRONMENTALLY PREFERABLE PURCHASING Procure goods and services to minimize global impact and expand markets

5/2007

• Saving taxpayers $820,000 per year with 3.1 megawatts of solar panels and a one-megawatt natural-gas fuel cell cogeneration plant

• Saving $6 million per year through energy efficiency retrofits • Driving 67 gas-electric hybrids; operating 183 vehicles on B20 biodiesel • Providing employees a pre-tax deduction for public transportation • Measuring, setting targets for, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions

• Converting paper processes to electronic • Reusing and selling 16,000 items; saving $84,000/yr, selling $135,000/yr • Recycling 1.6 million lbs/yr paper, metals, computers; earning $65,000/yr • Composting landscape waste and 1400 tons of jail food waste

• Purchasing over $14 million in goods with environmental specifications • Achieving comparable cost and product performance • Including paper, janitorial products, furniture, vending machines

• Constructing $176 million LEED Gold Juvenile Justice Center • Achieving >75% recycling of construction/demolition debris (6000 tons) • Greening large volume construction and maintenance commodities

• Specifying low-mercury lighting and building components • Implementing integrated pest management, such as goats for weed control • Using Green Seal janitorial cleaners

• Minimizing evaporation with watering schedules and drip irrigation • Using waterless urinals, low-flow toilets, time-out flushing in detention cells • Planting drought-resistant plants and groundcover to minimize evaporation

• Piloting 4 waste vegetable oil powered vehicles • Using only re-refined motor oil and antifreeze in fleet vehicles • Buying low-polluting paints and recycled-content carpet

GREEN BUILDING Mandate high-performing, healthy buildings and construction debris recycling

TOXICS REDUCTION Reduce the use of products containing toxics

WATER CONSERVATION Conserve with operating practices, equipment selection, and landscape design

GREEN OPERATIONS Seek opportunities for sustainable operating practices

County of Alameda, California, USA

Printed on 25% post-consumer content recycled paper

CLIMATE LEADERSHIP RESOLUTION

Printed on 25% post-consumer content recycled paper 6/2007

County of Alameda, California, USA

HIGHLIGHTS The County of Alameda passed a Climate Change Leadership Resolution in 2006 requiring: • completion of a greenhouse gas emissions inventory and establishment of

emissions reductions targets; • a cross-agency approach to planning and implementation for mitigation

and adaptation; • integration of climate action strategies into County planning and

budgeting. BACKGROUND

Climate change threatens the long-term human and environmental health, social well-being, and economic vitality of our community. Along with 12 cities in the County, the County has launched the Alameda County Climate Protection Project to coordinate climate action on a regional basis, with technical support from ICLEI Cities for Climate Protection and StopWaste.Org. In making smart choices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, we generate cost savings and enhance quality of life for County residents. In addition, early action supports our future compliance with the State of California’s greenhouse gas reduction targets to reduce emissions to 1990 levels by 2020 and to 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. REQUIREMENTS – PROCESS

• Join ICLEI Cities for Climate Protection and progress through five milestones of inventory, target-setting, plan development, plan implementation, and monitoring.

• Integrate mitigation and adaptation strategies into general plans, strategic plans, capital planning, budgeting, and training as appropriate.

• Report annually to Board of Supervisors. REQUIREMENTS – PARTICIPATION

• Administrative oversight from County Administrator. • Cross-agency Sustainability Executive Committee to provide resources and guidance. • Cross-agency Climate Action Team to meet within six months to carry out milestones. • Active participation of all agencies and entities associated with the County. COMPLETE TEXT County Climate Change Leadership Strategy Resolution: http://www.acgov.org/gsa/warming.htm.

GREEN BUILDING ORDINANCE

Printed on 25% post-consumer content recycled paper 6/2007

County of Alameda, California, USA

HIGHLIGHTS

The County of Alameda passed a Green Building Ordinance in 2003 requiring: • green building design for construction projects; • construction and demolition debris diversion; • green building practices for traditional public works projects. BACKGROUND

Buildings consume 40% of the world’s energy. Construction debris accounts for 21% of material disposed in Alameda County landfills. By building high-performing buildings and treating waste into a resource, we significantly reduce our contribution to global climate change. Locally, green practices in the demolition, construction, and maintenance of buildings and structures positively affect the health and productivity of occupants, builders, and residents. In addition, debris diversion contributes to our compliance with the State of California Waste Management Act of 1989 requiring all jurisdictions to divert 50% of discarded materials from landfill by 2000 and 75% by 2010. REQUIREMENTS – COUNTY CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

• Applies to County projects initiated on or after July 1, 2003. • Requires LEEDTM Silver rating under LEED rating system.

o Projects exceeding $5 million will obtain formal USGBC certification. o Project under $5 million will obtain a County-approved equivalent.

• Requires minimum 50% diversion from landfill for construction projects over $100,000 and demolition projects over $25,000 via reuse and recycling, excluding hazardous materials.

REQUIREMENTS – PUBLIC WORKS PROJECTS

• Within one year, Public Works will submit proposed regulations for the application of appropriate green building practices for traditional public works projects.

• Requires minimum 75% diversion of asphalt, concrete, and earth debris from landfill via reuse or recycling and minimum 50% diversion of all other debris, excluding hazardous materials.

COMPLETE TEXT

Title 4, Section 38 of Alameda County Administrative Code: http://www.acgov.org/admin/admincode/

Alameda County Juvenile Justice Center GENERAL SERVICES AGENCY

Facility Design and Construction

2/2007

Healthy and Efficient Green Building • Indoor environmental quality through daylighting, green cleaning,

low-emitting materials, and comfort sensors • Climate protection with 60% of electricity from on-site renewable

solar power, 94% of construction debris recycled, and open space pres-ervation and wetland restoration

• High efficiency design beats energy code by 46% – saving taxpayers $350,000 each year – and conserves 7 million gallons of water annually

Design/Build Project Delivery • Integrated team of architect, contractor, and owner • On time and on budget within 31 months and $176 million • Flexibility to address location and size changes

• Aggressive local business outreach with bond assistance and mentoring programs benefiting 14 small, local contractors through $10.7 million in contracts

• Youth internship program with three participants hired to work on project full-time

Business & Youth Outreach

Alameda County General Services Agency James Kachik, Deputy Director Technical Services Division (510) 208-9515 [email protected]

Facts at a Glance • New 379,000 sq. ft. facility located in

San Leandro, California • Nine agencies provide integrated ser-

vices • 360-bed juvenile detention facility • LEED® Gold green building rating

anticipated

Project Background Alameda County needed to consolidate its youth services to provide an inte-grated therapeutic environment for the community’s at-risk youth. The County’s General Services Agency (GSA) was tasked with delivering a new Juvenile Justice Center. As part of its mission to provide high-quality and cost-effective support services, GSA managed the design and construction – and will oversee the operations and maintenance – of the new facility. The project dem-onstrates Alameda County’s commit-ment to building and maintaining healthy and efficient facilities that meet commu-nity needs while preserving the environ-ment for future generations.

Printed on 25% post-consumer recycled-content paper

PROJECT CONTACT

Background

Alameda County Juvenile Justice Center GREEN BUILDING

Facility Design and Construction

2/2007

PROJECT PROFILE

Challenges • Providing a healthy and com-

fortable indoor environment • Minimizing environmental im-

pacts including climate change • Delivering a resource-efficient

and cost-effective building within existing budget and schedule

Solutions • Maximize daylight, purchase

low-emitting materials, and automate environmental con-trols

• Install solar power for 60% of building’s electricity

• Design to outperform energy and water building codes by over 40%

Benefits • High indoor air quality for

youth residents and other oc-cupants

• Renewable energy generation equivalent to powering 750 homes

• Annual energy savings of $350,000 and water savings of 7 million gallons

Facts at a Glance • New 379,000 sq. ft. facility located

in San Leandro, California • Nine agencies provide integrated

services • 360-bed juvenile detention facility • LEED® Gold green building rating

anticipated • Completed on time and on budget:

$176 million and 31 months

Challenges Alameda County’s General Services Agency (GSA) was tasked with deliv-ering a new Juvenile Justice Center. County agencies needed to consoli-date services to provide an inte-grated therapeutic environment for the community’s at-risk youth. To facilitate this, the Center was de-signed to provide a healthy indoor environment while also reducing global warming impacts and saving taxpayer dollars through conserva-tion and waste reduction. The Board of Supervisors adopted the Green Building Ordinance in 2003, directing the County to build capital projects to a Silver level under the nationally-accepted US Green Building Council’s LEED® standard. GSA designed the facility to reach the Gold level, making it the nation’s greenest juvenile detention center.

Creating a healthy space with day-light and fresh air for facility youth and occupants was a top priority. Requirements and regulations for detention and courts facilities make many typical green features inappropriate. For example, secu-rity requirements limit choices for materials and continual building operation is energy intensive. With no additional funding, green features had to be integrated into the overall design.

SOLUTIONS Alameda County’s General Services Agency used an integrated team approach with its project partners, including architect HOK, Hensel Phelps Construction Co., Vanir Construction Management, and other County agencies. The team used LEED as a tool, not a checklist, to deliver a facility that met the occupants’ needs while ad-dressing operations and maintenance from the design forward.

PICTURE HERE

IN THEIR WORDS

The ACJJC showcases opportuni-ties for waste reduction and green purchasing at all stages of a build-ing’s life, from demolition to con-struction and maintenance.

Karen Smith Executive Director, StopWaste.Org

biodiesel fuel, reducing carbon di-oxide emissions by 200 tons. Structural concrete units were prefabricated with fly ash, a by-product of coal combustion which not only creates a stronger struc-ture, but also saves energy and landfill space. 93% of construction and demolition debris was reused rather than landfilled to save the energy involved in extracting and manufacturing new materials. Six acres of open space were pre-served. Existing wetlands were restored in conjunction with the use of retention ponds and bioswales for natural stormwater filtration. The facility’s location near BART, preferential carpool parking, and bicycle storage and showers encourage sustainable commuting. HIGHLY-EFFICIENT DESIGN The secure area of justice facilities is not subject to the State of Cali-fornia’s stringent Title 24 energy code. However, through well-insulated roof, walls, and windows as well as efficient lighting and ven-tilation and a central plant for heating and cooling, the facility is designed to outperform a code-compliant building by 46%. To en-sure the facility performs as de-signed, all systems were tested by a third-party commissioning agent. Low-flow fixtures will use 41% less water than federal code requires. Drought-resistant plants, drip irri-gation, and using lawn only for a playing field uses 52% less water than typical landscaping.

This project demonstrates to our region that local govern-ment can utilize green building to address climate change in a realistic way.

Keith Carson Alameda County Supervisor

INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY In juvenile detention residential ar-eas, skylights and two levels of win-dows facing an outdoor courtyard provide natural light without com-promising security. The design team integrated the external exercise area with the housing unit to take advantage of natural lighting. Finishes, carpet, and furniture were selected to give off little or no vola-tile organic compounds that can be toxic and reduce indoor air quality. A two-week building flush-out cleaned air after construction. On-going cleaning with GreenSeal-certified non-toxic janitorial clean-ers also promotes healthy indoor air quality. Carbon dioxide and temperature sensors as well as lighting systems that adjust to occupancy and day-light maintain a comfortable envi-ronment. The County is developing new occupant orientations, post-occupancy surveys, and cross-department Green Teams to keep operations green and comfortable. CLIMATE PROTECTION Building construction and operation create over 40% of U.S. global warming emissions. To address this critical issue, 60% of the power needed to operate this facility comes from an 880-kilowatt roof-top solar system. During construction, several innova-tions reduced greenhouse gas emis-sions. Site-grading equipment used

PROJECT CONTACT

Printed on 25% post-consumer recycled-content paper

Alameda County General Services Agency Carolyn Bloede Sustainability Program Manager (510) 208-9521 [email protected]

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Sustainability ContextFuel cells are among the cleanest, most reliable sources of power generation today. They provide continuous high-quality power 24 hours a day, with ultra-low emissions and quiet operation; and the exhaust heat byproduct can be used for combined heat and power (CHP) applications using hot water, steam or chilled water to heat or cool buildings. Running the fuel cell reduces the Jail’s demand for power from the local utility, thus reducing greenhouse gas emissions from conven-tional combustion-engine power plants.

The Santa Rita Jail fuel cell is the fi rst megawatt-class fuel cell cogeneration plant in California and one of the largest in the United States. Alameda County has demonstrated that employing sustainable energy technologies is a smart way for public agencies to revitalize and modernize their facilities while helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Project GoalsThe Santa Rita Jail is the third largest county detention facility in California and the fi fth largest in the nation. It holds approximately 4,000 inmates and consumes more energy than any other County government building. Alameda County’s goal was to reduce its peak electricity demand and to improve the security and reliability of power supply at the Jail. This was the third major project aimed at improving effi ciency and employing sustainable energy sources at the Santa Rita Jail. Previously, the County had completed comprehensive energy retrofi ts and improvements and had installed the nation’s largest rooftop solar power system (1.2 megawatt) at the Jail.

Results• Annually generates 8,000,000 kWh of electricity (50% of

Jail’s needs)• Produces 1.4 MM Btu of waste heat (18% of Jail’s needs)• Overall system effi ciency of 58%• 98.5% reduction in NOx emissions compared to standard

power plants• CARB certifi cation as an ultra-clean distributed generator• Expected life: 25 years

The project was completed on budget. This megawatt-class fuel cell cogeneration power plant underscores Alameda County’s commitment to its Climate Change Leadership Strategy by demonstrating the real-world application of ultra-clean power generation. Also, it has garnered interest from various public and private parties statewide, adding to positive exposure for the County.

Enhanced Construction Outreach Program and subcontractor selection applied to this project resulting in a subcontracting participation of 60% small and local businesses, 44% minority-owned businesses, and 14% women-owned businesses.

COUNTY OF ALAMEDA,CALIFORNIA

SANTA RITA JAIL

FUEL CELL POWER PLANT

Location and DatesSanta Rita Jail, Dublin, CaliforniaConstruction began November 2005Startup completed May 2006Dedication held August 2006

Project Components• One-megawatt DFC1500, molten carbonate fuel cell power

plant (single module with four 400-cell internal stacks) used as base load power in parallel with utility grid and on-site solar power system

• Associated heat recovery cogeneration equipment used to pre-heat hot water system

• UtilityVision® Control System for measurement and verifi -cation of performance

Lead DepartmentGeneral Services Agency, Energy Services Division

FinancesTotal Project Cost: $6.1 million (Incentives: $2.4 million)Gross Savings over 25 Years: $21.6 million ($864,391/yr)Net Savings over 25 Years: $6.6 million ($266,825/yr)Annual Net Electricity Savings: $266,825 Internal Rate of Return: 10.4%

Environmental Impact ReductionThe 1-MW fuel cell is a source of ultra-clean power at the Santa Rita Jail. This installation combined with the previously installed rooftop solar power array and energy effi ciency upgrades will reduce power purchases as much as 80% during peak-demand summer months. This translates to avoided greenhouse gas emissions of 3,200 tons annually, equivalent to planting approximately 900 acres of trees.

Ultra-clean, on-site power benefi ts Alameda County and the surrounding region by reducing grid power purchases from conventional, combustion-engine power plants, especially during peak summer months, when demand is the highest.

Project ProcessChevron Energy Solutions developed and constructed the project. The DFC1500 fuel cell power plant was manufactured by FuelCell Energy.

The project involved careful planning and management of utility interconnection applications and construction targets in order to meet fi nancial incentive requirements, which essentially meant that all non-fuel-cell infrastructure had to be complete before the arrival of the fuel cell equipment at the project site. This work included the concrete equipment pad, underground piping for gas and water lines, and high voltage electrical service.

Chevron Energy Solutions managed all of the time-sensitive activities associated with obtaining funding through PG&E’s Self-Generation Incentive Program, including completing all applications and working closely with utility staff.

In compliance with Alameda County’s Enhanced Construc-tion Outreach Program, local companies were employed for various design engineering and construction services. On-site training for operations and maintenance personnel was also provided as part of the contract.

The fuel cell’s performance will be continuously monitored through UtilityVision®, Chevron Energy Solutions’ web-based energy tracking and reporting system. UtilityVision® offers County and Jail staff immediate access to all fuel cell output information including electricity production, waste heat recovery, and fuel consumption.

How It WorksFuel cells convert chemical energy from fuels containing hydrogen directly into electricity and heat without combus-tion. Fuel cells are composed of many individual cells grouped together in a stack. Molten carbonate fuel cells are designed for continuous operation, as they provide little or no genera-tion during the multi-day process of gradually raising inter-nal temperatures to the 1,000 degree F in order to melt the electrolyte.

To extract hydrogen (H2) fuel from natural gas (CH4), natural gas is combined with steam to create hydrogen and carbon dioxide. (Natural gas and water are purifi ed in the plant onsite.) The oxidant gases (O2 and CO2) react with electrons returning from the DC circuit to produce a carbonate ion (CO32). Hydrogen is fed into the anode where it reacts with the negatively charged carbonate ion (CO3-2) that has trav-eled through the electrolyte and reacts with H2 in the anode to produce steam, CO2, and electrons that feed the DC circuit that generates electricity.

Highlighted InfrastructureFuelCell Energy integrated all of the fuel cell components within the power plant. Chevron Energy Solutions ensured that all utility interconnection points were integrated with the fuel cell and the rest of the Jail’s infrastructure. Chevron ES designed the heat exchanger equipment, which captures the fuel cell’s exhaust heat byproduct for water and space heat-ing purposes at the Jail.

The fuel cell plant is connected to the utility grid and operates in parallel to the grid. It has a continuous output of one mega-watt of power with a 45% effi ciency rate. It has a 20-year design life, excluding routine maintenance and overhauls.

Related ProjectsPrior to installing the 1-MW fuel cell, Alameda County completed an integrated solar power system project and comprehensive energy effi ciency improvements at the Santa Rita Jail. This work consisted of a 1.2 MW rooftop solar array, chilled water plant retrofi t, cool roof membrane on 18 housing units, and a Demand Response Smart Control System (UtilityVision®).

With solar electric generation, the Jail reduced its overall energy cost and specifi cally reduced purchases of expensive, peak energy from the local utility. With energy effi ciency and demand-side management technologies, the Jail maximized the value of its solar investment while modernizing the facility.

These improvements, combined with the clean fuel cell power generation, are removing 3,200 tons of greenhouse gas emis-sions from the atmosphere each year. This is equivalent to planting 900 acres of trees.

For More Informationhttp://www.acgov.org/srjp

Alameda County: Matt Muniz, P.E. (510) 208-9518 matt.muniz.acgov.org www.acgov.org

Chevron Energy Solutions: Bruce Dickinson (415) 733-4517 [email protected] www.chevronenergy.com

FuelCell Energy: Steven P. Eschbach (203) 825-6000 [email protected] ww.fce.com

FUEL

HEAT & WATER

CLEAN

EXHAUSTUSEFUL HEAT

FUEL

PROCESSING

HYDROGEN-

RICH GAS

POWER

SECTION

AIR

DC

POWER

POWER

CONDITIONER

AC

POWERFUEL

HEAT & WATER

CLEAN

EXHAUSTUSEFUL HEAT

FUEL

PROCESSING

HYDROGEN-

RICH GAS

POWER

SECTION

AIR

DC

POWER

POWER

CONDITIONER

AC

POWER

CATHODE (+)1/2O2 + CO2 + 2e- CO3 =

CO3 =

Exhaust

2e-

2e-

2e-

Air

ELECTROLYTEK2CO3, Li2CO3

Fuel: H2

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Reactions and Gas Flows

Oxidant:O2 & CO2

Overall reaction:H2 + 1/2O2 H2O

Catalyst

H2 + CO3 H2O + CO2 + 2e-

ANODE (-)

CATHODE (+)1/2O2 + CO2 + 2e- CO3 =

CO3 =

Exhaust

2e-

2e-

2e-

Air

ELECTROLYTEK2CO3, Li2CO3

Fuel: H2

Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Reactions and Gas Flows

Oxidant:O2 & CO2

Overall reaction:H2 + 1/2O2 H2O

Catalyst

H2 + CO3 H2O + CO2 + 2e-

ANODE (-)