sustainable farming of salmon - european parliament · higher volumes of salmon – lower...

Sustainable farming of salmon

Dr. Petter ArnesenVice President Feed & Environment Marine Harvest ASA

Hearing in the European Parliament February 23, 2010

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A fast growing industry

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100 000

200 000

300 000

400 000

500 000

600 000

700 000

800 000

1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008

Salmon

Norwegian salmon farming growth in tonnes produced

Global volume split per region (2008)

Source: Salmon World 2009, Kontali Source: Salmon World 2009, Kontali

Market share Marine Harvest estimated global production 2009

24 %

Marine HarvestOthers

NorwayChileUKNorth AmericaFaroe IslandsIrelandOthers

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Salmon is the No.1 farmed animal in Norway

• Annual production 800.000 tonn, close to 3 times that of meat production

• Represents 4 billion meals/year • 23.7 billion NOK in export value in

2009 (2.9 billion €)• Creates close to 20 000 jobs

(including supplier industry). Most of them in rural areas on the coast

• Trend towards increased local processing (value adding)

324.02.2010

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200 000

300 000

400 000

500 000

600 000

700 000

800 000

900 000

Meat incl poultry Salmon and trout

Production Largest producers

Total production of meat and fish in Norway (slaughter weight tonnes)*

Marine Harvest Norway

Nortura(Gilde + Prior)

* Gross slaughter weight for industry. Data for largest producers is net weight (estimate) for 2009.

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A significant export product

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China

Norw

ay

Thailand

US

A

Denm

ark

Canada

Chile

Vietnam

Spain

Netherlands

The largest exporters of seafood (2006) in USD million

Oil and Gas 67,84 %

Other20,79 %

Seafood4,12 %

Iron andSteel

1,94 %

Metals ex iron

and steel 5,31 %

The seafood industry’s share of Norwegian exports

Source: NSEC, SSB© Norwegian Seafood Export Council

Source: NSEC, FAO© Norwegian Seafood Export Council

PopulationNorway: 4 million

China: 1 338 million

50 % salmon

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Europe needs more seafood

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EU 27 Norway

Seafood production in million tonnes

Source: Eurostat aquaculture and Wild catch, Norwegian Seafood Export Council

Wild Catch

Aquaculture

Wild Catch

Aquaculture

EU 27 imports 60 percent of consumption

Norway exports 97,5 percent of

production

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40 years of technology development

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Norway’s success formula

• Long sheltered coastline with temperate water (Gulf Stream) and 90 000 km2 within the sea boundary

• Visionary, innovative, hard working and dedicated people

• Willingness to invest• Political support• Strong regulations• Good collaboration between

research, regulators and industry• Steady growth in market demand

for salmon (5-10% annually)988 grow-out licenses

1700 km

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Trend towards larger integrated management zones with big production units

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Regulations

• Allocation of licenses• Transfer, mortgaging and

registration of aquaculture licenses• Environmental considerations• Land utilisation

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Strategy for sustainable production

• Genetic interaction and escapes• Pollution and emmisions• Disease• Area utilisation• Feed and feed resources

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Securing the future of the industry means

• Minimising negative impacts on wild salmonids by minimising escapes and transfer of disease and parasites (sea lice) from farmed to wild salmonids

• Minimising discharge from farms (chemicals, medicines, feed waste) in order to maintain healthy water and sea bed conditions

• Reducing the dependency on marine feed raw materials

• Actively seeking stakeholder engagement

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Increased focus on sustainable seafood

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Examples of Environment and Quality Standards• Label Rouge Fresh Salmon• Label Rouge Smoked• BRC• GlobalGap• ISO 14001 and 9001• PGI (Protected Geographical Indication)• Code of Good Practice (Scotland)• Freedom Food (Scotland)• GAA BAP• Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC)

(under establishment)

Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC)

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Salmon have excellent feed efficiency • Low energy use

• Maintains body temperature similar to the ambient water temperature (poikilothermic)

• Does not spend much energy to ”stay afloat”

• Excellent protein utilisation• 40 % protein retention• Chicken = 18 %, Pigs = 13 %

• Wild salmon need around 10 kg wild fish to grow 1 kg• Farmed salmon require between 2 and 3

kg to grow 1 kg (based on fish oil requirement)

• Farmed salmon utilises 100 % of the wild fish which is transformed to fish oil and fishmeal• For human consumption 40 – 50 % of the

same fish is utilised • Close to 100% of trimmings and

entrails from farmed salmon are utilised• Food grade oil and protein products• Feed raw materials (other farmed fish, land

animals, pets, and more)15

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1.2

Sources: Marine Harvest, Wikipedia, British Pig BPEX Yearbook 2007, www.pork.org, Inst. of Marine Research

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Salmon are using less marine feed ingredients

Higher volumes of salmon – lower consumption of fish meal and fish oil(in thousand tonnes)

Source: Tacon, A.G.J., Metian, M. Global overview of the use of fish meal and fish oil in industrially compounded aquafeeds: Trends and future prospects, Aquaculture (2008)

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1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 20190

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Fish Meal Fish Oil Salmon production

Fish

oil

and

fish

mea

l

Pro

duct

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volu

msa

lmon

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Stable fishmeal production – increased salmon production

Source: International Fishmeal and Fish oil Organisation, Kontali

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1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008E0

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Fishmeal Atlantic Salmon

Glo

bal p

rodu

ksjo

n at

lant

isk

laks

i 10

00 to

nn (w

fe)

Glo

bal f

iske

mel

prod

uksj

on i

1000

tonn

Fishmeal is a finite resource

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Positive escapes trend

Introduction of new obligatory standard (NS9415)

Source: Directorate of fisheries

(Last updated 25 Jan 2010)

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Biological tool for sea lice control

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Carbon footprint of salmon production

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Greeenhouse Gas Emissions (CO2 - e/t)

Capture Fisheries

Farmed Salmon

Swedish Pork

Belgian Beef

US Poultry

Farmed Salmon in Perspective

Pelletier et. al, 2009

• Salmon compare favourably to other protein sources

• There are significant regional differences in GhG emissions

• Feed accounts for more than 90% of the GhG emmisions

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Important research areas

• Quality and consumer• Technology and systems• Biological lifecycle• Sustainable feeds• Environmental integration• Fish health and welfare

Strategic research agendas (SRAs) are currently being developed for all these thematic areas by the European AquacultureTechnology & Innovation Platform (EATIP) http://www.eatip.eu/

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Thank you for your attention! Please go to:

http://www.marineharvest.com/Documents/Marine%20Harvest%20-%20Sustainability%20Report%20-%202008.pdfto see our 2008 sustainability report