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    Sustainable Leadership, Coachingand Emotional Intelligence

    Presentation to Federal Consulting GroupWashington, D.C.

    November 17, 2006John Lazar, MA, MCC, NCOC

    [email protected]

    www.lazarconsulting.com

    mailto:[email protected]://www.lazarconsulting.com/http://www.lazarconsulting.com/mailto:[email protected]
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    Learning ObjectivesBy end of session, you will be able to:

    Identify key factors that enable the

    development of sustainable leadership. State the role that coaching plays in

    contributing to sustainable leadership.

    State the relationship between emotional

    intelligence (EI) and sustainable leadership. Identify at least one next step you can take

    to further sustainable leadership.

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    Part 1

    Model for Sustainable Leadership

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    Factors to Consider Changing environments will demand new and

    changing organizational structures (ways oforganizing) and new ways of leading.

    Leaders may resist new ways of organizingbecause: Previous success Perceived importance of own part of the business

    (silos) Difficulty with new organizational complexity Effort to develop teams Diversity of workforce and values

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    The Consultants Viewthe success of the organizationalchanges is dependent on leadership. As

    difficult as organizational change canbe, leadership change is exponentiallymore challenging. Leadership often is

    the slowest to change in response toenvironmental and organizationaldemands.

    Source:Weiss & Molinaro (2005, p. 11)

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    Sustainable Leadership Called leadership capacity by Weiss &

    Molinaro.

    Defined as the extent to whichorganizations can optimize their currentand future leadership to drive business

    results and successfully meet thechallenges and opportunities of an ever-changing business environment.

    Source:Weiss & Molinaro (2005, p. 5)

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    The Leadership Gap If gap isnt closed, organizations may

    jeopardize their competitive ability.

    Conference Board (U.S.) research:Percentage of senior leaders who believetheir organizations have serious leadershipgap increased from 50% to 67% from 1997

    to 2001. Conference Board (Canada) research: 70% of

    Canadian CEOs identified leadership as topbusiness concern.

    Source:reported in Weiss & Molinaro (2005, pp. 13-15)

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    Just Over the HorizonAccording to RHR Consultancy, among

    the 500 largest U.S. companies, they

    will lose 50% of their senior managersin next five years. The rate will be evenhigher among the most senior

    managers in civil service.

    Source:reported in The Economist(2006, October 7, p. 4)

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    Leadership Challenge is

    Already Here Up to 70% of CEOs surveyed see their own

    organizations leaders as being fair or weak in

    ability to build teams, gain employmentcommitment, make employees feel valued.

    Employees doubt extent to which seniormanagement has their best interests at heart

    (as expressed by their accessibility, visibilityand inspirational leadership) or communicatesopenly about important business issues

    Sources:reported in Weiss & Molinaro (2005, p. 19); Towers Perrin HR Services (2006)

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    Leadership Gap Defined by

    Four Aspects Talent

    Availability

    Capability Insufficient

    Development

    FragmentedValues

    Generation differences

    Source:Weiss & Molinaro (2005, chapter 2)

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    Sustainable Leadership: Leader

    and Organizational Accountability Leaders accountability for development

    of their competencies

    Organizational accountability (throughHR as agent) for integrating systems,processes, programs, etc. Embed leadership through organization

    Focus on critical positions & key talent

    Integrate leadership development

    Source:Weiss & Molinaro (2005, chapters 10-14)

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    Two Leadership Models

    1. CCL Leadership Competencies Three competency clusters

    Leading the organization

    Leading others

    Leading oneself

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    Leadership Competencies, the

    CCL Way(1 of 3)

    Leading the Organization Managing change

    Solving problems and making decisions Managing politics and influencing others

    Taking risks and innovating

    Setting vision and strategy Enhancing business skills and knowledge

    Understanding and navigating theorganization

    Source:CCL website, www.ccl.org

    http://www.ccl.org/http://www.ccl.org/
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    Leadership Competencies, the

    CCL Way(2 of 3)

    Leading Others

    Managing effective teams and workgroups

    Building and maintaining relationships

    Developing others

    Communicating effectively

    Source:CCL website, www.ccl.org

    http://www.ccl.org/http://www.ccl.org/
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    Leadership Competencies, the

    CCL Way(3 of 3)

    Leading Oneself Developing adaptability

    Increasing self-awareness Managing yourself

    Increasing capacity to learn

    Exhibiting leadership stature Displaying drive and purpose

    Developing ethics and integrity

    Source:CCL website, www.ccl.org

    http://www.ccl.org/http://www.ccl.org/
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    Two Leadership Models2. Holistic Leadership

    Business strategy

    Culture and values

    Customer leadership

    Organizational leadership

    Team leadership Personal leadership

    Source:Weiss & Molinaro (2005, chapters 3-9)

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    Organizational Accountability -Embed Leadership

    Embedded leadership process to ensurethat sustainable leadership is seen and

    becomes integral part of fabric oforganization

    Foundational strategies

    Ensure secure supply of talent

    Develop compelling leadership stories

    Anchor to well-developed organizational process

    Source:Weiss & Molinaro (2005, chapter 11)

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    Organizational AccountabilityFocus on the Critical

    Succession management to address

    Critical positions

    Vulnerable incumbents and potential candidates Development plans

    Talent management strategies for

    Retention

    Onboarding

    Expatriation and repatriation integration

    Sources:Weiss & Molinaro (2005, chapter 12); Charan, Drotter, & Noel (2001); Watkins (2003)

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    Organizational AccountabilityIntegrate Leadership Development

    Leadership development options

    Assessment

    Coaching and mentoring

    Learning

    Experience

    Implement integrated-solution approach

    Source:Weiss & Molinaro (2005, chapter 13)

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    Part 2The Coaching Contribution

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    Coaching and its Focus

    Coaching is an informed dialogue whosepurpose is the facilitation of new skills,possibilities, and insights in the interest of

    individual learning and organizationaladvancement.

    Coaching may focus on: Behavior Decision-making Fundamental beliefs, values and purposes Overall business performance

    Sources:Bacon and Spear (2003, p. xvi); Pomerantz and Bergquist (2005)

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    Forces That Shape Us on OurJourney

    Forces that Shape Us: Our Degree of Personal Control

    Genetics None

    Experiences Some

    Actions, including our-Beliefs-Interpretations

    -Choices-Moods-Behaviors

    All

    Source:Adapted from Lazar (2006a)

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    A Personal Model for Learning &Development Where to Focus?

    Actions

    Results

    (including

    Errors)

    Observer

    Small, Incremental Change/Improvement

    Large, Discontinuous Change/Improvement

    Identity

    and

    Context

    Sources:Adapted from Hargrove (1995, p. 28); Sieler (2003)

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    Coaching Distinctions

    Non-judgmental listening is the key. Theres value when another person is a stand for

    you to be your word.

    Theres leverage when one can distinguishexperience from explanation. Coaching unconceals our blind spots and makes

    choice possible. Moods are contagious. Noticing them is essential.

    Being able to shift them is a precondition forpersonal power. Humor (especially not taking oneself too seriously)

    lightens the mood and enables learning.

    Source:Lazar (2005)

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    Where Coaching Fits withTypes of Root Causes

    TYPES OF CAUSES: Absence of or insufficient

    CLAS

    SES

    OF

    SOLU

    TIONS

    Skill/Knowledge Motivation Incentives or improperincentives

    Environmentalsupport

    Training Additional orfewer

    responsibilities

    Process, output oroutcome feedback or

    evaluation

    Simplify work

    Job aids Role or goalclarification

    Reward Change process

    Modeling Motivationalfeedback

    Praise Improvetools/equipment

    Documentation Valuesclarification

    Punishment Change policy

    Coaching Coaching Contingency management Change workconditions

    Mentoring Task variation Removal of reinforcement Replace performer

    Source:Adapted from Lazar (1991)

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    Coaching Challenges CanOccur at Three Levels

    Individual performer

    Department/Unit/Program

    Organization-wide

    Source:Adapted from Bergquist (2004)

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    Where Coaching Contributes

    If Role is Then Coaching can be used to

    Supervisor Increase self-awareness, self-management &others-related awareness S/K

    Develop interpersonal & communications S/K Sustain learning of technical and functional S/K.

    Managers Above plus Development of effective management practices.

    Directors;

    Project Mgrs.

    Above plus

    Effective project management practices.

    C-level; VicePresidents;

    GeneralManagers

    Above plus Increase ability to manage and lead change Shift old habitsthen develop new habits & S/K Provide reflection and thought partnership.

    Source:Lazar (2006c)

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    An Opinion About the Value ofCoaching

    Coaching is the single most importantpart of expanding others capabilities

    (Coaching) is the difference betweengiving orders and teaching people howto get things done. Good leaders regard

    every encounter as an opportunity tocoach.

    Source:Bossidy and Charan (2002, p. 74)

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    Part 3EI and Leadership

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    Emotional Intelligence (EI) andEmotional Competence (EC)

    Different definitions

    EI underlying capability to recognize and

    use emotion EC personal and social skills that lead to

    superior performance in work world

    Different theoretical bases Personality theory

    Performance theory

    Combination of above, plus moreSource:Gowing (2001)

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    Different Assessment Methodsfor EI and EC

    MEIS (Mayer, Caruso, & Salovey)

    MSCEIT (Mayer, Caruso, & Salovey)

    EQ-I (Bar-On)

    ECI (Goleman & Boyatzis)

    EQ Map (Cooper & Orioli)

    Source:Gowing (2001, p. 129)

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    Emotional IntelligenceThe Conceptual Model

    Self-Awareness

    SocialAwareness

    Self-Management

    RelationshipManagement

    Self Others

    Recognition

    Regulation

    Positive impacton others 2000 Hay Group. All rights reserved.

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    Emotional IntelligenceCompetencies Framework

    Self-Awareness Emotional self-awareness

    Accurate self-assessment

    Self-confidence

    Social Awareness Empathy

    Organizational awareness

    Service

    Self-Management Self-control

    Transparency Adaptability

    Achievement

    Initiative

    Optimism

    Relationship

    Management Influence Inspirational leadership

    Developing others

    Change catalyst

    Conflict management

    Teamwork and collaboration

    2000 Hay Group. All rights reserved.

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    About Competencies & ECI (1 of 2) Definition:Any measurable characteristic of a person

    that differentiates level of performance in a givenjob, role, organization, or culture.

    A competency builds upon ones: Skills

    Knowledge

    Values

    Self-Image

    Traits

    Motives

    2000, HayGroup. Reprinted with permission.

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    About Competencies & ECI (2 of 2) Competencies consist of behaviors that are

    developmentally scaled (from easy to difficult).

    For each competency, there is a target level ofbehavior that, when met or exceeded, positivelyand differentially impacts performance.

    2000, HayGroup. Reprinted with permission.

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    3. Ant ic ipates impact o f act ions or words

    4. Develops behind the scenes support

    TargetLevel3. Uses indirect inf luence

    2. Anticipates impact of actions or words

    1. Engages audience

    Influence

    De

    greeofDifficulty

    Example of Scaled Competency

    Competency levels increase by degree

    of dif f iculty.

    2000, HayGroup. Reprinted with permission.

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    The ECI Priorities

    E Self-Awareness Self-Confidence

    Emotional Self-Awareness orAccurate Self-Assessment

    Social Awareness Empathy

    Organizational Awareness orService Orientation

    E Self-Management Self-Control

    Transparency or Adaptability

    Achievement or Initiative

    Optimism

    Managing Relationships Influence

    Inspirational Leadership orDeveloping Others

    Teamwork and Collaborationor Conflict Management

    Change Catalyst

    Source: Jacobs (2001)

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    The Power of Self-Awareness

    With self-awareness, person has 50-50chance (49%) of demonstrating self-

    management; without it, person hasvirtually no chance (4%).

    With self-awareness, person has 38%

    chance of having social awareness;without it, person has 83% chance oflacking social awareness.

    Source:Burckle & Boyatzis (1999)

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    How Do EI Competencies FitTogether?

    Some competencies are easier to develop (e.g.,for Social Skills) than others (e.g., for Self-Awareness, Self-Management and Social

    Awareness). Some competencies are more important than

    others.

    Certain combinations of competencies maycontribute to outstanding performance.

    One competency may compensate for another.

    You do not need to master every competency tobe successful.

    2000, HayGroup. Reprinted with permission.

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    Why Should You Know About EI?A Wake-up Call (1 of 3)

    70% of the reasons for losingclients/customers are EI-related:

    Poor service. Poorly handled complaints.

    Unpleasant interactions.

    Didnt go the extra mile.

    No follow-up. Lack of human connection.

    Source:Research by Forum Corporation on Manufacturing and Service Companies,1989-1995, cited in Orioli (2000)

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    Can You Hear Me Now?(2 of 3)

    75% of the reasons careersget derailed are EI-related:

    Unsatisfactory team leadershipduring challenging times.

    Inability to handle interpersonalissues.

    Inability to adapt to change. Inability to elicit trust.

    Source:Research at the Center for Creative Leadership, 1994,

    cited in Orioli (2000)

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    Are You Up Yet?(3 of 3)

    50% of time wastedis due to lack of

    trust.

    Source:John Whitney, Director, Deming Center for Quality Management,

    cited in Orioli (2000)

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    Like EI, Leadership Has ManyModels and Some Consensus

    My viewpoint on what the leader does: Creates vision for a better future

    Sets direction, tone and context Sets priorities and tempo

    Sets, models and maintains standards

    Engages, influences and rallies others

    Encourages fresh approaches to problems

    Listens for what is common and uniting

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    Whats Different Between EI &Leadership Competencies?

    Differences: Leadership

    Includes intellectual/cognitive and business

    skills and performance Includes technical skills and performance

    May include personality traits

    Difference: Emotional Intelligence Includes managing ones own and

    influencing others positive outlook/mood

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    Whats Similar Across EI &Leadership Competencies?

    Similarities: Both include

    Congruency of personal values and ethical

    behavior Self-awareness, self-management and

    motivation

    Awareness of others and social environment

    Building relationships and working well withothers

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    Perspectives from PeterDrucker and Daniel Goleman

    Your foremost job as a leader is to takecharge of your own energy and then helporchestrate the energy of those around you.

    In any human group the leader has maximalpower to sway everyones emotionsThe

    effects of primal leadership extend beyondensuring that a job is well done. Followersalso look to a leader for supportive emotionalconnectionfor empathy.

    Sources: The Effective Leader, cited in Orioli (2000); Goleman, Boyatzis, & McKee (2002, p. 5)

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    Part 4What Now?

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    Using EI & Coaching to CloseLeadership Gap - Actions

    1. Follow andragogical principles to learning

    2. Use and support integrated approach to

    developing sustainable leadership3. Discover, create and refine coaching models

    that leverage benefits while reducing perperson cost

    4. Pair coaching with other interventions toprovide synergy for results

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    1. Use Andragogical Principles

    Definition:an integrated framework of adult learning

    Assumptions: Adults1. Need to know why they need to learn something before starting to

    learn it.2. Have self-concept of being responsible for their own decisions.

    3. Come to educational activity with greater volume and differentquality of experiences from youth. Implications for individualdifferences and richest resources source.

    4. Become ready to learn what they need to know to cope effectively

    with their real-life situations.5. Are life-centered (vs. subject-centered) in their orientation to

    learning. They learn most effectively when they are presented incontext of application to real-life situations.

    6. Generate most potent motivators as internal pressures (desire forincreased job satisfaction, self-esteem, etc.)

    Source:Knowles, Holton, & Swanson (1998, pp. 64-69)

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    2. Use Integrated Approach

    Executive/management accountability Leadership as strategic priority Personal responsibility for development Model required behaviors & attitudes

    HR accountability Aligned people & organizational initiatives Provide conditions where managers act as people

    managers Value demonstrated through people alignment

    with strategic direction & core values

    Follow EI guidelines for best practice

    Sources:Weiss & Molinaro (2005, chapter 14); Cherniss (n.d.); Cherniss & Caplan (2001)

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    3. New Coaching Models

    Include & move beyond one on onecoaching:

    Group coaching Team coaching

    Peer coaching

    Shadow coaching

    Cross-supervisory coaching

    Coaching culture

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    4. Coaching Plus

    Coaching to support: Training & education

    Onboarding & orientation Expatriation & repatriation

    Promotional transitions

    Job changes

    Leadership changes

    Health and work-life balance concerns

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    Review of Key Points

    Crisis in sustainable leadership Requires integrated approach, with leader &

    organizational accountabilities Coaching one of several important

    interventions to develop leadership Emotional intelligence and leadership

    competencies significantly overlap Developing EI (throughout organization)

    supports embedding leadership &engagement

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    Appendix 1Example of Talent Management

    H Add T d

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    How to Address TargetedInvestment in People

    Allstate Talent Management Program

    Talent ManagementAn enterprise-

    wide system for defining futurerequirements and identifying, assessing,and developing talent to place the best

    qualified people in critical leadershippositions.

    Source:Groff (2005)

    B i C f Eff ti

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    Business Case for EffectiveLeadership

    At its best, effective leadership (at all levels) Sets a company standard of excellence other

    enterprises want to emulate. Cultivates the next generation for effective

    leadership continuity. Makes organizations culture a competitive

    asset. Creates a learning environment where

    people may try the new without fear ofrejection and reprisal--fostering innovation.

    Source:Groff (2005)

    Ali i T l t ith B i

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    Aligning Talent with BusinessNeeds

    BusinessImperatives

    New RoleExpectations

    CommunicateNew Behaviors

    Needed

    Hire

    BuildCapability

    EnhanceMotivation

    Perform RoleMeet Business

    Needs

    Source:Groff (2005)

    D i th F

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    Deepening the Focus onLeadership

    Identify emerging leaders among:

    Officers

    Directors/Senior Managers Managers

    Professional Individual Contributors

    (Exempt) Individual Contributors (Non-exempt)

    Source:Groff (2005)

    L d hi D l t

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    Leadership DevelopmentCurriculum

    Different development experiences fordifferent management levels.

    Development experiences designed forenterprise & business unit activities.

    Development experiences include:

    Education and Training

    Work-related Learning

    Progression and Mobility Choices

    Source:Groff (2005)

    Th St d f T l t

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    The Stand for TalentManagement

    We need the best leaders at all levelsbut we also need to understand where

    talent has the greatest impact onbusiness results.

    Top and line management (plus HR &

    individuals in leadership development)are responsible for its success.

    Source:Groff (2005)

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    References (1 of 5)

    (2006, October 7). The battle for brainpower. A survey of talent (Special section).The Economist, 1-24.

    Bacon, T. & Spear, K. (2003).Adaptive coaching. Mountain View, CA: Davies-BlackPublishing.

    Bergquist, W. (2004). Appendix D. Professional coaching: A preliminary taxonomy.

    In the Research Council of the ICCO and the Research and DevelopmentCommittee of the ICF, The Stewarship Forum: Research and Theory forCoaching in Organizations, proposal submitted to Wingspread Foundation.

    Bossidy, Larry and Charan, Ram. Execution: The discipline of getting things done.New York: Crown Publishing, 2002.

    Boyatzis, R.E. (1982). The competent manager. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Buckingham, M. (2005). The one thing you need to know. New York: Free Press.Charan, R., Drotter, S., & Noel, J. (2001). The leadership pipeline. San Francisco:

    Jossey-Bass.Cherniss, C. (n.d.). Guidelines for securing organizational support for emotional

    intelligence efforts. Paper drafted from research for Consortium for Research onEmotional Intelligence in Organizations.

    Cherniss, C., & Caplan, R.D. (2001). Implementing emotional intelligence programsin organizations. In C. Cherniss & D. Goleman (Eds.), The emotionally intelligentworkplace(pp. 286-304). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

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    References (2 of 5)Cherniss, C., & Goleman, D. (2001). Training for emotional intelligence. In C.

    Cherniss & D. Goleman (Eds.), The emotionally intelligent workplace(pp. 209-233). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Collins, J. (2001). Good to great. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.Conger, J.A., & Benjamin, B. (1999). Building leaders. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Fernandez-Araoz, C. (2001). The challenge of hiring senior executives. In C.

    Cherniss & D. Goleman (Eds.), The emotionally intelligent workplace(pp. 182-202). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Gallwey, W.T. (2000). The inner game of work. New York: Random House.Goleman, D. (2000). Leadership that gets results. Harvard Business Review, 78(2),

    78-90.Goleman, D. (2004). What makes a leader? Harvard Business Review, 82(1), 82-91.Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R., & McKee, A. (2002). Primal leadership. Boston, MA:

    Harvard Business School Press.Goleman, D., & Cherniss, C. (n.d.). Guidelines for best practice. Paper developed for

    the Consortium for Research on Emotional Intelligence in Organizations.Gowing, M.K. (2001). Measurement of individual emotional competence. In C.

    Cherniss & D. Goleman (Eds.), The emotionally intelligent workplace(pp. 83-131). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

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    References (3 of 5)Groff, D. (2005). Talent management. Presentation at OD Network Chicago

    meeting, Deerfield, IL.Hargrove, R. (1995). Masterful coaching. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass/Pfeiffer.Heller, S., & Surrenda, D.S. (1994). Retooling on the run. Berkeley, CA: Frog, Ltd.Kegan, R., & L.L. Lahey. (2001). How the way we talk can change the way we work.

    San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Knowles, M.S., Holton III, E.F., & Swanson, R.A. (1998). The adult learner. (Fifthedition). Houston, TX: Gulf Publishing.

    Kram, K.E. & Cherniss, C. (2001). Developing emotional competence throughrelationships at work. In C. Cherniss & D. Goleman (Eds.), The emotionallyintelligent workplace(pp. 254-285). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Lazar, J. (1991). Ensuring productive meetings. In Richard Swanson and BonnieKnapp (Eds.), Innovative meeting management. Austin, TX: 3M Meeting

    Management Institute, 35-50.Lazar, J. (2005). Coaching and the HPT toolkit: Where it fits and when to use it.Invited presentation made to ISPI Wisconsin Chapter, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

    Lazar, J. (2006a). Focus and attitude, support and practice: Leverage for success.Invited presentation at Success Mastery Conference, Miami, Florida.

    Lazar, J. (2006b). Coaching A valuable tool for human capital management.Invited plenary address at 14th International Congress of Strategic Management,Ciudad Obregon, Mexico.

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    About John Lazar, MA, MCC,NCOC

    John has worked within a performance improvement consulting framework for over 25years. He has been a coach for over 22 years, eleven as an executive coach. He has aMasters degree in clinical and developmental psychology. He is trained and certified as anOntological Coach by the Newfield Network and has been certified as a master coach bythe International Coach Federation (ICF) since 1999.

    John is co-owner, co-founder, and co-executive editor of the International Journal ofCoaching in Organizations(www.ijco.info), now in its fourth year of quarterly publication.He is a founding member and the former Acting Executive Director of the InternationalConsortium for Coaching in Organizations (ICCO, www.coachingconsortium.org); he iscurrently a Co-Chair of its Governance and Ethics Committee.

    His performance consulting and executive coaching firm, John B. Lazar & Associates, Inc.(www.lazarconsulting.com), works with organizations (from entrepreneurial ventures to

    small and midsize family owned firms to Fortune 50 companies) to create emotionallyintelligent leaders, motivated performers, workplaces that work, and business results. Hehas presented at numerous local chapter meetings and international conferences on avariety of topics in North America, Mexico, Europe and Australia.

    In 2005, the bookConversations on Success (Volume 6)was published with interviewswith 23 success leaders, including John. In addition, his 12-part series of DVDs/CDs onTake Your Power Back and a two-DVD interview series with Les Brown and John entitled

    http://www.ijco.info/http://www.ijco.info/http://www.coachingconsortium.org/http://www.coachingconsortium.org/http://www.lazarconsulting.com/http://www.lazarconsulting.com/http://www.lazarconsulting.com/http://www.coachingconsortium.org/http://www.ijco.info/