MEC 600-ENGINEERINGIN SOCIETY

Sustainable of NUCLEAR ENERGY

MUHAMMAD AQIM SHIDDIQ BIN ROSLIEMD7M3A

Introduction

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• Nuclear power is the use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat

and electricity.

• A nuclear power plant is therefore a facility at which energy released by fission

(splitting) of atoms is converted to electrical energy under strictly regulated

operating conditions. Nuclear reactors produce, contain and control the release of

energy from splitting of Uranium 235 atoms. In electric power plants this energy

heats water to make steam which in turn drives turbine generators to make

electricity.

• The uptake of nuclear power technology has been growing over time across

different countries and regions. Various countries without existing nuclear power

technology in their power systems have expressed interest in investing in nuclear

electricity production, while developed countries with existing nuclear plants have

been expanding their capacities.

• Superheated water flows into a condenser

• Condenser needs cold water source and usually it is located next to ocean or river

• the hot water are flow through a container filled with cold water , heat is exchanged

• Hot water is either discharged into river, ocean or vented into the atmosphere as steam

How nuclear power plant works

Fig. 15-17, p. 387

Small amounts of radioactive gases

Uranium fuel input (reactor core)

Control rodsContainment shell

Waste heatHeat exchanger

Steam Turbine Generator

Hot coolant Useful electrical

energy 25%–30%

Hot water output

PumpPump

Coolant Pump Pump

ModeratorCool water input

Waste heatShielding

Pressure vessel

Coolant passageWater Condenser

Periodic removal and storage of radioactive wastes and spent fuel

assemblies

Periodic removal and storage of radioactive

liquid wastes

Water source (river, lake, ocean)

Nuclear Power Plant

The Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR)

Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) 

Advantages of Nuclear

Low-cost electricity due to Gov’t subsidies

Clean power without air pollution

Provide huge amount of energy

Cheap energy source and renewable

Disadvantages

Potential of radiation leakage1Difficult to store nuclear waste2need high cost to build and to repair3Potential terrorist attack4Hight risk process5

Disadvantages

The need of Nuclear Power

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Energy needbecause

Economic developmentThe hight

growthOf populationIncrease the

Need of energy supply

Large increaseIn energy

usage

The increasing Of electricdemand

Nuclear Sustainability

Reliability

Powering our NationReliability of electricity depend on nuclear energy. The loss of nuclear energy plants would have major impacts on electricity price grid reliability and access to dependable energy Minimal down time

Minimal down timeNuclear energy plant run up to 18-24 months continuously before needing to refuel

Nuclear energy plants maintain an average reliability of 92 percent. No other electricity source can match this level of reliability, which brings tremendous benefits to Malaysia consumers and businesses.

Powerful & Efficientwith only single uranium pellet, equal the same energy as a tone of coal,3 barrels of oil,17000 cubic feet of natural gas. Each pellet gives for up to 5 years to power generation

Capacity FactorNuclear is the most efficient and reliable in term of capacity. The result can be shown by the graph actual power generated vs Therotical maximum

Source: https://www.nei.org/Knowledge-Center/Nuclear-Statistics

Environmental:Carbon free

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Nuclear power plants are the country’s most prolific producers of clean energy. They produce virtually no carbon dioxide or air pollution. The closings of just a handful of nuclear energy plants would have a devastating environmental impact on our country and make it nearly impossible for us to meet our clean energy or carbon reduction goals.

Nuclear energy plants contribute hundreds of thousands new jobs and contribute crucially to the local economies in communities where they work. These plants increase our economy by produce millions of dollars in economic activity and contribute consumers and businesses with huge amount of electricity at low cost. Each of the nation’s nuclear plants employ between 500 and 700 workers at wages that are an average of 36% higher than the prevailing local wage.rate. Nowadays, governments need To Subsidy huge amount of moneyTo support the cost of fossil fuel. The Nuclear power plant is the best way to reduce the subsidy.

Economic Engines

http://www.nei.org/Master-Document-Folder/Backgrounders/Fact-Sheets/Nuclear-Power-Plants-Contribute-Significantly-to-S

Challenge Implementation

Limitationof

Nuclear EnergyNuclear wasteThe problem regarding safe storage for nuclear storage is still unsettle. The halve life cycle of nuclear waste is very long to neutralize

Nuclear EmissionNuclear has a very low carbon emmision but when consider overall of the nuclear construction,the amount of CO2 is even heigher than we expected.

Economic Sustainability

Nuclear power plants have become remarkable for high

construction costs and maintenance cost.

Nuclear Insecurity

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No matter how efficient of this nuclear power plant, it is still consider very dangerous. One small mistake may causing catastrophic incident

Nuclear Disaster

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26 April 1986-Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine

11 March 2011-Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant

September 13, 1987- Goiânia Brazilian power plant

 October 17, 1969- The Saint-Laurent Nuclear Power Station,France

March 28, 1979- Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, United States

Fukushima nuclear disaster 

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The Fukushima nuclear disaster was a catastrophic failure at the Fukushima I Nuclear Power Plant on 11 March 2011, resulting in a meltdown of three of the plant's six nuclear reactors. The failure occurred when the plant was hit by a tsunami triggered by the Tōhoku earthquake

Chernobyl Disaster

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The Chernobyl disaster was a catastrophic nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine, which was under the direct jurisdiction of the central authorities of the Soviet Union. An explosion and fire released large quantities of radioactive particles into the atmosphere, which spread over much of the western USSR and Europe

Remains of a Nuclear Reactor at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant

Human casualties of Chernobyl56 people lost their lives as

a direct result of radiation poisoning or fire

Thyroid cancerFrom drinking Milk killed 10-12 thousand

The general public might value the relatively cheap energy produced by nuclear power, but be concerned about the perceived risks for people, future generations and the environment.

Perception of nuclear power is always follow political ideology. Citizens with more left leaning views are more likely to hold that nuclear power is a highly risky technology as compared to those with moderate or right leaning political views.

Nowadays, the way public looks at risky technology not only depend on scientific study, but also on recognizing the dangerous and the advantages. The higher the people believe the positive manners, the more it will be acceptance. Eurobarometer survey studies show that many people do not differentiate between the risks associated with NPPs and the risks from radioactive waste disposal facilities.

Hazards awaken feelings of dread or afraid have been recently known to potentially play an crucial role in the perception of risk as it involves to large scale technologies. Public are much stigmatized. Due to some catastrophic incident previous years, public afraid that the incident could be happen again.as result, they are influenced by negative feelings of fear and anger.

According to stud, in order to accept nuclear there are three type of people1-egoisticPeople who praise egoistic aspects will consider the construction of NPPs or the implementation of radioactive waste disposal to be fair when egoistic benefits (e.g. employment) outweigh the risks related to a new project. 2- altruistica policy to implement the same project for people with strong altruistic values would be fair if social benefits(e.g. cheap energy) outweighed its risks

3-biosphericThe biospheric model of personality is a contribution to the psychology of personality proposed by Andras Angyal in 1941. According to this model, the biosphere is the system of the individual and her environment, consisting of Subject subsystem (the individual) and Object subsystem (the environment).

The communication between authorities and public is very important for any decision process. This is crucial to enhance the trust in local authorities for explaining acceptability judgement. A recent research in Sweden explaned how extensive information programmes in four townhave positively changed the extent to which people accepted a local radioactive waste repository.

How To Overcome

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Improvement in GHG emissions•Exploit nuclear plants by integrate the heat and power (CHP) systems to recycle the ‘waste’.•using nuclear power for thermal processing with the attendant increases in efficiency .

Eliminate nuclear insecurity

Eliminate radioactive waste

Gain public trustThis is most easily done by telling the truth, providing open access to information to the public in realTime.Introduce an application on smart phone to detect the level of radiation so that public can get any update about the current radiation level

Clarity &Impact

PremiumDesign

SubtleTouch

VisualAppealing

.

To provide a good safety level of the public, place the plant at the center of the country population. If this workable, then investor will invest in this project and government subsidy can be minimize.Recycle the waste to reduce the amount of mining process.

Risk and opportunity

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Ethics

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health and Safety ofemployees

ETHICS & ACTION

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EHTICS & ACTION

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ETHICS & ACTION

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ETHICS & ACTION

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ETHICS & ACTION

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Conclusion

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The future of nuclear power may becontroversial, but nowadays, there are 400 nuclear power plants are located in 30 countries in the world, and for better or worse, this powersource isn't going anywhere anytime soon. In 50 years, the world population will reach 10 billionNuclear power is a part of the solution that provide huge amount of electricity and has low emission of gases that cause climate change

Reference

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• SJOBERG, L., Local acceptance of a high-level nuclear waste repository, Risk Anal. 24 (2004) 737–749.

• STAMFORD, L., AZAPAGIC, A., Life cycle sustainability assessment of UK electricity scenarios to 2070, Energy Sustain. Dev. 23 (2014) 194–211• DE GROOT, J.I.M, STEG, L., “Psychological perspectives on the geological disposal of radioactive waste and carbon dioxide”, Comparing the Geological Disposal of Carbon Dioxide and Radioactive Waste: A Comparative Assessment (TOTH, F.L., Ed.), Springer, Dordrecht (2011) 339–363..• International Nuclear Societies Council, A Vision for

the Second Fifty Years of Nuclear Energy: Vision and

Strategies, American Nuclear Society (1996).

POSTER

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