sustainable shipping: methanol as a marine fuel · sustainable shipping: methanol as a marine fuel...
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Sustainable Shipping: Methanol as a Marine Fuel
Gregory Dolan, CEO
Methanol Institute
Platts European Refining Summit
Brussels – September 29, 2016
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WHO WE ARE 01
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Global methanol representation
• The Methanol Institute (MI) was first formed in 1989 to represent US
methanol producers in Washington.
• 27 years later, MI is truly a global trade association supporting the
expansion of the methanol industry in every corner of the world from
offices in:
S i n g a p o r e | Wa s h i n g t o n | B r u s s e l s | B e i j i n g
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Transition to Energy Resource 02
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Alternative Fuel Drivers
Scale: The feedstock base needs to be large enough to support global transportation market.
Sustainability: There needs to be a viable pathway to low- or no-carbon transport, while reducing smog.
Subsidy: Can’t rely on government support forever, so someone needs to make money.
Consumer: Demands seamless transition and ease of use.
Methanol: Checks all the drivers!
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Methanol is simplest of alcohols
• Simple molecule rich in
hydrogen, with only no carbon-
to-carbon bonds
• Clear and colorless liquid at
room temperature and ambient
pressure
• Also known as “wood alcohol,”
methanol can be produced
from a wide range of
feedstocks
Formula: CH3OH
Density: 0,792 g.cm-3
Molar mass: 32,04 g mol-1
Appearance: colourless liquid
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Feedstock:
Abundant/Sustainable
Market:
Large/Diverse
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Methanol: Essential Chemical Building
Block Source: Methanex
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Methanol is a versatile fuel source
FUELS
• Neat fuel
• Low blends
• High blends
• GEM
• MTBE
• Biodiesel
• DME & OME
• MTG
TECHNOLOGIES
• SI & CI engines
• Turbines
• Fuel cells
• Stoves
Out of the ~70 million metric tons of methanol sold
globally in 2015, energy and fuel uses represent 40% of
total demand
From 2009-2015, direct methanol fuel blending has
increased at an annual rate of nearly 23%
SEGMENTS
• Road & non-road transportation
• Power & heat generation, and
• Marine
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Source: IHS Chemical, November 2015
Oil displacement drives demand growth
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Shifting supply & demand balance
Source: IHS Chemical
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Denmark –
methanol fuel cells
for vehicles
Sweden – methanol
marine fuel
Israel – Power generation & M15
Standard
Australia – GEM fuel
Africa – cooking
stoves
China– M15 to
M100, Industrial
Boilers UK – EN228
low blend
USA – methanol
motorsport fuel
Methanol Fuel Examples Around the
World
Iceland – M100
Trials
Egypt – M15 Trials New Zealand –
Introducing M3
India – Methanol
Economy Roadmap
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MARINE FUELS 03
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• Over 90,000 commercial vessels on
world’s oceans, consuming 370
million tons of bunker fuel (Heavy
Fuel Oil and Middle Distillates).
• One container ship: SOx = 50
million cars
• 15 largest ships: SOx emissions
= 760 million cars in the world
Marine Fuel in Transition
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Environmental & Health Hazards
• NOAA: Globally
shipping accounts
for 60,000 deaths
and US$330 billion
in health costs
• NRDC: Shipping at
intersection of high
population, choking
pollution, and rapid
growth Source: Natural Resources Defense Council
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The International Maritime Organization has adopted regulations for SOx and NOx that are transforming the shipping industry
While SOx reductions may be met with low sulfur fuels, the combination of SOx and NOx reductions driving shipboard solutions
Emissions regulations driving market
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Different options available to ship owners
HFO
+ scrubbers MGO LNG Methanol
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Methanol is also a low flash point fuel
Properties HFO MGO LNG Methanol
Physical state liquid liquid cryogenic
liquid
liquid
Boiling temperature at 1 bar [oC] - 175 – 650 -/- 161 65
Density at 15oC [kg/m3] (LNG shown at -/-160oC)
989 Max. 900 448 796
Dynamic viscosity at 40oC [cSt] - 3,5 - 0,6 (at 25oC)
Lower heating value [MJ/kg] 40 43 50 (at -160oC, 1 bar)
20
Lubricity WSD [μm] - 280-400 - 1100
Vapour density air = 1 - >5 0,55 1,1
Flash point (TCC) [oC] >60 >60 -/-175 12
Auto ignition temperature [oC] - 250-500 540 464
Flammability limits [by % vol. of mixture] - 0,3 – 10 5 – 15 6 - 36
Source:
EMSA
Study on the use of ethyl and methyl alcohol as alternative fuels in shipping
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Different parameters determine choice of fuel
Technology Supply
Regulations
Economy
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Examples of vessels running on
methanol
2-stroke 4-stroke high speed projects
7 chemical tankers 1 RoPax Ferry 1 pilot boat cruise ship, ferry, a.o.
MAN Wärtsila Volvo, Scania, FiTech various
MOL, WL, Marinvest Stena Lines Swedish Maritime
Administration, MI
Methaship,
LeanShips, a.o.
operational
new build retrofit retrofit new build
operational testing design
DNV GL Lloyds Register various
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Methanol fuel cells improve electrical efficiency
As part of the Pa-X-ell project Meyer Werft installed
a Serenergy high temperature methanol fuel cell
system demonstrator on board the Mariella
The system electricity at higher efficiencies than
a typical diesel system [source: Serenergy]
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Dual fuel engine technology ensures flexibility
Engines converted
for methanol
combustion
Double walled fuel
pipes
Pump room
Ballast tank converted
to methanol fuel tank
So
urc
e: S
ten
a L
ine
• Pilot fuel assisted diesel combustion concept
Methanol is ignited by a small amount of diesel pilot fuel
• Crew and passenger safety top priority
Safety measures include a.o. double walled pipes, ventilation, high pressure
oil valves, nitrogen blanketing
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Wärtsilä Methanol - Diesel on engine piping
Toni Stojcevski / Wärtsilä
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Methanol Injector - the heart of the methanol adaptation
ACCUMULATOR
BLOCK CONTROL
BLOCK TRANSFER
BLOCK
The methanol injector allows the engine to run on
methanol ignited by pilot fuel or on pure diesel.
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Source: SAE 2016-01-0887 , Svensson et al. , Lund University
Zero particulates , much lower
NOx
Typical Diesel Fuel Methanol Fuel
“soot”
“soot” NOx
NOx
Toni Stojcevski / Wärtsilä
Phi T Maps – NOx & PPM
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Methanol enables significant emission
reductions
SOx NOx PM 0%
-/-60%
-/-70%
-/-90%
-/-80%
-/-50%
-/-40%
-/-30%
-/-20%
-/-10%
Source: Stena Line
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Methanol storage capacity estimates (thousand tons)
Available in many ports around the
world
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Methanol is easy to handle
• Liquid at atmospheric
pressure
• Available in many ports
around the world and along
rivers
• Low infrastucture cost
• Flexible, modular system
• Environmentally friendly as it
is biodegradable
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Methanol is cost competitive on an
energy equivalent basis
Source: Platts and IHS Chemical
Methanol converted to MGO energy equivalent at factor of 2.16
Over a five-year time frame methanol has been mostly cost competitive
Despite decreased oil prices methanol remains competitive in many key
regions, incl China
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CONCLUSIONS 04
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Methanol...
• is plentiful, available globally
• can be made 100% renewable
• runs well in existing engine technology and has potential for further optimization
• complies with increasingly stringent emission reduction regulations
• requires only minor modifications to current bunkering infrastructure
• is biodegradable!
• safe handling can rely on long history and experience in shipping and industry
• cost are relatively modest and drop as experience mounts
• shows slight regional price variation
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A picture says more…
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BONUS: Methanol as Diesel Substitute
D i e s e l E m i s s i o n s U n d e r A t t a c k
• The “low hanging fruit” for methanol fuel blending may be the diesel substitution market for heavy-duty trucks and buses
• Methanol Institute looking at research agenda for dual-fuel compression ignition engines and dedicated spark ignition engines
• MI Member Fuel Injection Technologies of China working with Beiben Trucks and Yuchai engines in China
• MI sponsoring work in Finland to convert Scania ED95 engine to MD95
• MI sponsoring Green Pilot Boat to demonstrate methanol fueled engines from FiTech, Volvo, and Scania
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CONTACTS 05
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MSF MAINTAINS A PRESENCE IN OVER 60
COUNTRIES
MANY OF THESE COUNTRIES MI HAS
TARGETED FOR METHANOL POISONING
OUTREACH PROGRAMS, MSF HAS EXISTING
OPERATIONS, TO INCLUDE:
• F
• F
• F
• F
• F
• F
• F
• F
• F
• F
CONTACTS
01
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• G R E G D O L AN
CEO
• C H R I S C H AT T E R T O N
COO
• D O M L AV I G N E
Director of Government
Affairs
• L AR RY N AV I N
Senior Manager External
Affairs
05
06
07
08
• E E L C O D E K K E R
Chief EU Representative
• K AI Z H AO
Chief China Representative
• AP R I L C H AN
Executive Manager
• S H E E VA N O S H I R VAN
Executive Assistant
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