sustainable transportaton · 2014-04-23 · • sustainable mobility in megacites and emerging...
TRANSCRIPT
Mobility and Space
1
Sustainable Transportaton
Approaches for an Integrated Transport Planning
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
Cairo Climate Talks
Cairo 15th
April 2014
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
2
The unit “Mobility and Space” at the CTS, TU Berlin
Core Subjects:
• Behavioral science and partcipaton
• Urban and regional planning
• Public transport and urban mobility
• Commercial transport, barrierfree mobility
• Environmental planning
• Sustainable mobility in Megacites and emerging countries
• Transport modeling, simulaton, and emissions calculaton
• Transport history
• Transport marketng
Hed of research unit
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
Contact:
Secretariat: HBS 1
Hardenbergstraße 16 – 18
D – 10623 Berlin
www.ztg.tu-berlin.de
The research issues of the internatonal team touch the following felds:
• Innovaton research
• Impact research
• Applied research
• Behavioral science
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
3
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
• Head of research unit
• Transportaton engineer
• Research Fields: Transportaton Planning, Climate
Change and Mobility, Energy Efcient Urban Planning, …
Amr Gouda M.Sc. (Architecture)
• PhD project: Assessing Urban Sustainability In-between
the Scale of Growing Cites and Dependent Communites
• Teaching Assistant at Faculty of Engineering-Ain Shams
University in Cairo, Egypt
• Research Fields: Urban Sustainability, Architecture
Sustainability, Adaptve Reuse, Urban Dynamics and
Metabolism
Team for Egypt
Dipl.-Geogr. Norman Döge
• Geographer
• Research Fields: development studies, informal public
transportaton, climate change and mobility, integrated
urban and transportaton planing
Yaman Hebbo M.Sc. (Architecture)
• PhD project: Transit Oriented Development in Realising the
sustainable future of Middle Eastern Cites
• Research Fields: Public transportaton, urban accessibility,
and urban mobility, informal setlements, informal
economy, and urban informality
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
3. Transportaton approach New Town Hashtgerd
2. Good practces examples in Transportaton
1. Trafc impacts and Integrated Transport Planning
• Slow modes, sof policies
• Public Transport
• Trafc optmized setlement structure
4
Contents
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
5
• Temperature will rise tll 2100: +1,4 to 5,8 Grad Celsius IPCC 2007
GHG emission: climate change
Textmasterformate durch Klicken bearbeitenZweite Ebene
Drite EbeneVierte Ebene
Fünfe Ebene
UNEP 2007
Lawrence Livermore Natonal Laboratory/ Michael Wicket
Erderwärmung im Modell: 20 Grad mehr an den Polen
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
6
• Egypt’s primary energy consumpton has grown at an average annual rate of 4.6%, primarily from rapid urbanizaton and associated increases in demand for electricity and transport services.
• Growing fuel subsidies that are equivalent to USD 20 billion in 2011, estmated to be 20% of Egypt’s state budget and 10% of its GDP
Energy consumpton and
Oil producton in Egypt
Egypt’s energy consumpton by
source, based on BP 2013
Statstcal Review of World
Energy
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
7
Trafc mode and
energy consumpton in trafc
Source: Prof. Emberger, TU Wien, 2010
approximately double by 2050
IPCC 2014
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
8
• Investment demand in
German municipality
road bridges 2013-2020:
1 bill. € per year!
Arndt 2013
htp://
www.difu.de/projekte/2012/ersatzneubau-kommunale-bru
ecken.html
Modernity of Roads and Bridges
Source: ProgTrans AG, Basel 2009, from: Ralf Pagenkopf, GF Straßen.NRW (Pres. at BPPP, July 2013)
Roads and bridges
Modernity Change Infrastructure in Germany 1980 to 2007
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
9
• strong correlaton between increasing land use and trafc
behaviour
• Klaus Töpfer, United Natons Environment Programme
(UNEP), said: “Tell me your spatal structure and I will say
how high the fuel price was in the past.”
• assumpton that distance (s) is constant was incorrect
• constant at long term tme (t)
• relatve constantly travel budget:
Germany: ~ 85 min/day
Land use and transport
~ const.
~ const.
Wrong interpretaton of the relaton:
tsv
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
Transportation system
AccessibilitySpatial structure
Activities
10
Main causes:
1. Ignorance of interrelaton between land use and transport
2. Capacites and velocity in transportaton systems were expanded
faster transportaton means need more resources such as
materials, energy or land use
3. Sectoral orientaton of common transport planning approaches
Causes and efects of trafc growth
Textmasterformate durch Klicken bearbeitenZweite Ebene
Drite EbeneVierte Ebene
Fünfe Ebene
Fuel consumpton and urban density
11
Efect of increasing of distances and car-dependency:
high fuel consumpton per capita
Decreasing of populaton density
Atenton: some side efects, e.g. Fuel price (compare
Australia – USA)
(nach Newmann & Kenworthy 1989)
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
Transportation system
AccessibilitySpatial structure
Activities
12
Integraton
• Vertcal – planning levelfrom internatonal level, country, regions tll communes
• Sectoral – departmental planningregional and lad-use planning, landscape planning, economic promoton
• Horizontal – neighbourhoodsneighbouring planning areas
• successful implementaton in transportaton planning:
– partcipaton of all stakeholders (use the local creatvity)
– cooperaton between planning authorites
– fexibility of concepts
– consistency among the measures
– interdisciplinarity
– contnuous evaluaton
Integrated Transportaton Planning
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
13
• short distances between diferent places of actvity such as living,
shopping, labour, leisure important
for reducing trafc demand
• ITP aims at a balanced mixture
of all these opportunites in high density setlements
• in partcular a harmonic balance between the number of employees
and employment opportunites is very important
Improvement of mixed-use areas
Promoton of jobs in short distance to the living areas
ITP and land use
(Holz-Rau/Kuter et al 1995)
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
14
ABC planning an example of TOD for reducton of environmental impacts of transportaton
• separates the city in three zones
• each zone has diferent transport accessibilites, e.g. tram, rapid train, high way
connectons
– industrial areas along high ways on the city periphery
– commercial parks and shopping centres at transport interfaces with high trafc capacity
– living areas at tram lines
Shif to public transport
reducton of distances and impacts
Transit Oriented Development
Textmasterformate durch Klicken bearbeitenZweite Ebene
Drite EbeneVierte Ebene
Fünfe Ebene
ABC planning approach (Wuppertal Insttute)
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
15
1. Trafc avoidance
– Reducton of the trafc demand, number of trips and the Distances (e.g.: mixed-use areas)
2. Modal shif
– Shif to environmental friendly transport means (e.g.: car PT)
3. Trafc optmisaton
– Compatble completon of “remaining trafc “ (e.g.: low-noise vehicles, Electrical vehicle)
Main strategies in transport planning
High efects, but high complexity too
Low efects, but easier and faster in
realisaton
TODYC &
End
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
16
Modal shif
Walking
Car driver
Car rider
Bike
PT
Mobility and Space
17
Infrastructure: Removed the Cheonggye Elevated Highway (5.6 km)
Only for cares. 150 thousands cars per day
Terrible trafc congeston and cause regional slum.
4/17/14
Before Afer
I. Seoul, South Korea - Bus
Mobility and Space
18
Infrastructure : Redesign the roads
4/17/14
City Hall Square Reconstruction Plan
Before Afer
I. Seoul, South Korea - Bus
Mobility and Space
19
Infrastructure : • Move the bus lane to the center
4/17/14
I. Seoul, South Korea - Bus
Diferent Categories of Bus
• Diferent bus color
Blue From downtown to major district
Red Connect Seoul and its satellite city
Green Connect subway and nearby residential area / main
bus line
Yellow Circle belt roads in separated district
Mobility and Space
Smart Bus Management System
• GPS for every bus since 2003
Control the speed and distance between the bus.
Real-tme staton informaton
• T-money cards started in July 1, 2004
Pay transportaton fares
Pay for in some convenience stores.
Personal transportaton informaton
20
I. Seoul, South Korea - Bus
Achievement:
• Speed: 11~13 km/ h 22 km/h
• Punctuality: decrease to 1~2 minutes
• Accidents rate: decrease more than 30%
• Complaints: decrease 90%
Mobility and Space
T – Money Card
Bus GPS
Passenger DatabasePassenger Database
Number of TransfersNumber of Passengers Covered Distance
Time
Change the Bus line or the schedule
Locaton
Smart Bus Management System
21
I. Seoul, South Korea - Bus
Mobility and Space
BRT-Bus Rapid Transit• BRT is a term applied to a variety of public transport systems
using buses to provide faster, more efficient service than an ordinary bus line
Advantage:
Fast speed
Comfortable
Large capability
22
II. Curitba, Brazil - BRT
Mobility and Space
Compare to Metro and Rail transport system
Low cost:
• Constructon & way maintenance costs
• Low vehicle costs
Convenient for special populatons
Easy to transfer
23
II. Curitba, Brazil - BRT
Mobility and Space
BRT Component
24
II. Curitba, Brazil - BRT
Mobility and Space
• Express buses (red):
From the city centre in 5 directons. operate with 'tube statons'.
• Inter-neighborhood buses (green):
Circle the city centre and connectons between some neighborhoods.
• Rapid buses (silver):
Quickest links between two points.
• Feeding lines (orange):
Feed the express buses and other RIT lines
• Conventonal buses (yellow):
Operate radially from the city centre.
• Around Downtown (white):
Circle the city centre
25
Diferent Categories of Bus
II. Curitiba, Brazil - BRT
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
26
structural axes
transportaton and land use
system
. transportaton and zoning
. transportaton and road system
. transportaton hierarchical network
Mobility and Space
24h integrated network
IV. Berlin, Germany – Integraton
Mobility and Space
Bus and Tram Services
• Normal bus / tramMake up most of network and consist of around 300 lines
• Metro Bus / tram17 bus and 9 tram lines, every 10 min with 24-hour service, (30 min in the night)
• Express Bus13 rapid lines, mainly used to reach the airports or linking suburbs to the city centre with far fewer stops
• Night Bus45 lines, weekdays substtute (from N1 to N9) the metro line
IV. Berlin, Germany – Integraton
Mobility and Space
Integraton
• Time tableTime table for each line in each station
• Real tme scheduleScreen with coming bus information in major stations
• Convenient for special populatonIncline bus body with foldable board
IV. Berlin, Germany – Integraton
Mobility and Space
Integraton
• TicketIntegraton tcket with free transfer between all public transport modes
• Staton AccessibilityEasy in the same staton with short distance. Especially between S-Bahn and Regional train
IV. Berlin, Germany – Integraton
Mobility and Space
Integraton
• Smart query system (BVG)
Real-time
Price
Transport modes options
Transfer information
Station information
IV. Berlin, Germany – Integraton
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
32
Main Goal: Creatng best practces for sustainable urban development
• Research, planning, development and implementaton of technical and non technical innovatons for energy efcient and climate friendly structures
• Approaches for urban structures with reduced of resources consumpton and GHG emissions
• Capacity building and public awareness for energy efciency
• www.future-megacites.org
BMBF research program „Future Megacites“
Energy- and Climate-Efcient Structures in
Urban Growth Centres
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
33
• Cross-interlink network “Megacites and Mobility” (MC Mob):
– YoungCites - New Towns (NT) in Iran: Strategy of sustainable Development of Megacites of Tomorrow, Hashtgerd, Iran
– Sustainable Model-Megacity Shenyang, China
– METRASYS – Transport systems for Megaregions in China, Hefei, China
– Urban.network - Sustainable Housing Strategies for a Balance of Urban Growth and Urban Renewable in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
– Sustainable Hyderabad – Development of sustainable Strategies and Concepts for fast growing Urban Areas and Demonstraton Projects for Urban Infrastructure
in Hyderabad, India
– EnerKey - Energy as a Key Element of an Integrated Climate Protecton Concept, Gauteng, Johannesburg, Südafrika
• Integraton in knowledge exchange within the program and with other Megacites programs: Helmholtz, German Research Fund (DFG),
Herrhausen Society
• htp://future-megacites.org/index.php?id=119
MC Mob - Cooperaton
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
34
25 New Towns in Iran in constructon, sustainable soluton?
Inital situaton
24% of CO2 emission in based on trafc
Trafc CO2 emission increasing absolutely
Example YoungCites –
New Town Hashtgerd
Petroleum Products Consumption by Sectors
Non Energy Uses Agriculture Transport Industry Residential & Commercial
Year
Mboe
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger ArndtTransportaton concept 35ha Pilot Project
Support sustainable trafc use routnes (public awareness )
Change of residence to Hashtgerd as a “sustainable city”
Choice of trafc mode set promote a set for use public transport and slow modes (“environmentally trafc”)
Realized trafc use restricton of car use
promote environmentally transport system
Measurement: mix of “hard- and sof-policies”
Trafc reduced spatal structure mixed-use
Enhance atractveness of public transport an slow modes
high service quality, dense network, mobility management
Restricton to car trafc e.g. permeability of space, reduced parking lot factor
Support of eco-mobility: Mobility Management
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
● Limitaton of Parking Space
● Exaltaton of MT trip costs through road design measures (e.g.
speed humps, botlenecks)
● Access limitatons through street widths layout (one way systems)
● Filtered permeability of spaces
● Usage based apportonment of external costs (eco-fueltax)
● exaltaton of MT trip costs through access limitatons, speed
limitatons
● city / highway toll ?
● Pedestrian / PT
priveleging road way and path design (e.g wide footpaths and –
ways, high number of crossings, barrierfreedom)
● high densed foot path and PT network
● high density of PT-stops
● mobility management
● mobility package
● informaton on transport infrastructure
● campaigns
Integrated measures
Transportaton concept 35ha Pilot Project
YoungCites Approach
Integrated Transport Planning
SOFT POLICIESHARD POLICIES
PULL
PUSH
measures
Transportaton concept 35ha Pilot Project YoungCites
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger ArndtTransportaton concept 35ha Pilot Project
Mobility Management
with focus on organisaton and coordinaton
Mobility ofces
municipality
inhabitantsspecial target groups /
destnatonseconomy
PT – license holder
Mobility Package
Advice
Ticketng
Customer Service
CampaignsWorkshops
for Employees
Transport Adviser
Workshops
for Logistcians
Internet Portal
Municipality
City Marketng
Move Management
Tourism
Public Relatons
Mobility Management
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger ArndtTransportaton concept 35ha Pilot Project
Co
mp
on
ents
P
has
es
Phase 1
Shipment of
“Welcome
Package” and
Service Card
Phase 2
Motvatonal
Call
Phase 3
Shipment of Informaton Material
and Test tcket
Phase 4
Deepening
Conversaton
Phase 5
Shipment of additonal
Informaton
Material
Mobility Booklet
Informaton on the city and its
background
Insttutons
Shopping
Public Transport
Foot & Bike
Car
Distance Travelling
Opton to order more informaton
using the service card
Motvatonal Call
Calling New Hashtgerdians who
haven’t sent back the service
card
intensive dialog about informaton
demand
Shipment
Shipment of writen or telephonic
ordered informaton material and
optonally Test-tckets, or other
combined ofers e.g. car sharing &
public transport tcket, bike and
public transport tcket
Deepening Conversaton
Mobility advice:
Questons
Ofers
Wishes
Test-tcket users are questoned
concerning their:
Satsfacton
Wishes
Incitaton
Need of further informaton material
subscriptons
Shipment
Shipment of additonal
informaton material
Shipment of subscripton form
Evaluaton
Mobility Package for New Inhabitants
(on basis of frst positve results of the ‘Arrive’ – Project in Munich)
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
Mobility Management
• Main Approach: Changing routnes through awareness raising
Sof policies
Diferent solutons for diferent target groups
(new inhabitants, economy, residents)
• Central items: Mobility Package for new inhabitants
• Contnuously assistance
• Informaton network
Hard policies
Streets hierarchy follow usage:
• Surrounded roads: Main roads, collector roads
• Inner area roads: access roads/ways, food paths
• Avoidance extraneous trafc by
• trafc calmed zone (30 km/h)
• speed humps
• road design (green belt, pedestrian facilites,...)
Public transport: LRT/BRT and city bus in surrounded roads
• Minibus line thru area with short catchment area (≤ 250 m)
• Demand responsive transport service shared-ride mode between
pick-up and drop-of locatons according to passengers need
• Car sharing services
Reduced parking space: parking lots factor 0,2
• Only at surrounded roads and in some sub-neighbourhoods
• Inner area visitor parking lots and for disable people and car sharing
• Distance equability living space to parking lots and stops of PT
Concept Essentals
Transportaton concept 35ha Pilot Project YoungCites
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger ArndtTransportaton concept 35ha Pilot Project
Approach integratng all constructonal aspects
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
Small-scale mixed-use areas around the courtyards Urban formScheme of commercial areas on the ground foor
Source: Young Cites Research Paper Series, Volume 03, The Shahre Javan Community Detailed Plan
Planning for a Climate Responsive and Sustainable Iranian Urban Quarter
The gross populaton density in Iran’s towns is about 100 to 110 persons per ha. the Iranian New Towns aim for a higher average gross density of about
150 persons per ha. Hashtgerd New Town meets the targets with a gross populaton density of 147.98 per ha.
The gross populaton density for the Shahre Javan Community is more than 200 persons per ha. Intensifcaton promotes for an efectve public transport
and efcient land use for energy supply. However, quanttatve approach is insufcient, since it does not shed light on the living situatons of the
inhabitants or on the qualites and atractveness of the urban form and public realm.
Compactness, Intensifcaton
and Mixed use
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger ArndtTransportaton concept 35ha Pilot Project
Accessibility Concept Roads
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
Urban Connecton as an example for the shared use of trafc space
• east west connecton providing barrier free accessibility of central facilites
• connects planned BRT/LRT staton (west), central facilites, and green space (east)
• shared trafc space between pedestrians, bicyclists and public transport (minibus)
• lowers cutng efect and reduces space consumpton for transportaton purposes
Shared Space in Haren; Source: htp://www.adac.de/_mm/pdf/fv_workshop_verkehrsberuhigung_ortlepp_40217.pdf
Shared Space in Haren
Source: htp://www.bfc.org/?q=system/fles/blog_fles/node _7425_user_51_woon_Haren1.jpg
Transportaton concept 35ha Pilot Project
Urban Connecton – shared space
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger ArndtTransportaton concept 35ha Pilot Project
Three Levels
1. BRT/LRT
main connectons
2. City-Bus
connecton betweens quarters
and centre
3. Local Bus
Minibus
4. Taxi/car sharing
Route taxi
Call taxi
Normal taxi
The elaboraton of the public transport approach for the 35ha Pilot Area is
directly connected to the approach for whole Hashtgerd
Public
Transport
Catchment areas:
BRT/LRT: 300 m
City-Bus: 250-300 m
Minibus: 250 m
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
Decisive criteria is the spatal-horizontal integraton
Levels/Parameters
4 BRT / LRT lines
for main inner city connecton (centre, railway staton, industry areas,…)
(2 000 – 30 000 Passengers/h)
8 City-Buses:
connecton betweens quarters and centre
(1 000 – 4 000 Passengers/h)
9 Local quarter buses:
inner area access
temporally demand responsive service and fexible stops
(Midi/Minibus)
Taxi/car sharing
Route taxi
Call taxi
Normal taxi
Regional commuter trafc
Interacton to Karaj and Tehran by train
Regional busses
Network principle scheme
Public Transport Network
Public Transport approach whole Hashtgerd
Catchment areas:
Minibus: 250 m
City-Bus: 250-300 m
BRT/LRT: 300m
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger ArndtPublic Transport approach whole Hashtgerd
Network Approach
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
56
Land-use structure of Qian‘an
Trams:
on main fows
City Busses:
connectons between quarters
Neighborhood Busses:
inner area access
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
58
Performance of diferent public means of transport
10.000
60.000
100.000
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
Bus Tram Metro
Pas
sen
gers
pe
r d
ay a
nd
dir
ect
on
Investments costs rato: ~ 10 mil.€/km ~100 mil.€/km
90.000
BVG 2013
30.000
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
59
Vessels seats
Op
erat
on
al c
ost
s
Long Bus
Normal Bus
Tram
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
60
CO2 emission
Subway Tram Bus Car
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
Promotng energy efcient transport modes
Impacts of Modal Split to mobility costs and energy consumpton
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
62
Local Public Transport Plan
Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg (VBB)
Federal Government /
“Ministerkonferenz für Raumordnung”
Federal Government /
“Ministerkonferenz für Raumordnung”
Federal States in Cooperaton with
Neighboring Regions
(EXAMPLE BERLIN)
Federal States in Cooperaton with
Neighboring Regions
(EXAMPLE BERLIN)
Defniton of General Goals / Target States
For Living Conditons and Services for the Public
Defniton of General Goals / Target States
For Living Conditons and Services for the Public
Center Nahverkehr Berlin (CNB)-Private Consultant
Berlin: Formulaton of Goals and Standards for Public Transport in the “Nahverkehrsplan”
(Legally Binding)
Center Nahverkehr Berlin (CNB)-Private Consultant
Berlin: Formulaton of Goals and Standards for Public Transport in the “Nahverkehrsplan”
(Legally Binding)
Service ContractorsService Contractors
BVG
“Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe”
(state owned)
BVG
“Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe”
(state owned)
S Bahn Berlin GmbH
(belongs to the “Deutsche Bahn”)
S Bahn Berlin GmbH
(belongs to the “Deutsche Bahn”)
Other
Private
Contractors
Other
Private
Contractors
Stadtentwicklungsplan Verkehr
Strategic Development Plan for Berlin‘s Transportaton
Sector
(Not Legally Binding)
Stadtentwicklungsplan Verkehr
Strategic Development Plan for Berlin‘s Transportaton
Sector
(Not Legally Binding)
State Local Transport Law (Brandenburg)State Local Transport Law (Brandenburg)
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
Structure NVP Berlin 2006 - 2009
FundamentalsFundamentals
Partcipaton ProcessesPartcipaton Processes
Framework VariablesFramework Variables
Goals of the NVPGoals of the NVP
Inital SituatonInital Situaton
Implementaton of the Preceding
Plan
Implementaton of the Preceding
Plan
System Analysis System Analysis Efectvity AnalysisEfectvity AnalysisIndividual MeasuresIndividual MeasuresOutline Conditons
of ofered Services
Outline Conditons
of ofered Services Supply PlanningSupply Planning
Tarifs / SalesTarifs / Sales
Product StrategiesProduct Strategies
Standards of Environment
Protecton
Standards of Environment
Protecton
Quality StandardsQuality Standards
Accessibility StandardsAccessibility Standards
Modal
Integraton
Modal
Integraton
Core Aspects of Planned
Supply
Core Aspects of Planned
Supply
User PerceptonUser Percepton
Environment
Protecton
Environment
Protecton
Quality
Weaknesses
Quality
Weaknesses
Accessibility
Weaknesses
Accessibility
Weaknesses
Transport DemandTransport Demand
Transport SupplyTransport Supply Transport DemandTransport Demand
Suburban TrafcSuburban Trafc
Night ServicesNight Services
FerryFerry
BusBus
Light RailLight Rail
UndergroundUnderground
City TrainCity Train
Regional TransportRegional Transport
Outline Conditons for
Networks and Schedules
Outline Conditons for
Networks and Schedules
Extension and Improvement
of Stops and Statons
Extension and Improvement
of Stops and Statons
Evaluaton of ImpactEvaluaton of Impact
MonitoringMonitoring
Integrated Services and
Mobility Management
Integrated Services and
Mobility Management
Increasing the Speed of LRT
and Bus
Increasing the Speed of LRT
and Bus
Contnuous
Optmizaton
of Services
Contnuous
Optmizaton
of Services
11 22 5533 44 66
Local Public Transport Plan
Mobility and Space
70
Enhanced Trafc Model incl. Taxi TrafcConsideraton of Collectve Taxis
City Road Network Collectve Taxis
inside the
City Road Network
Theoretcal Method:
“Individual Motorizaton Oriented Route Assignment with additonal
Turning Surcharges”
Collectve Taxi
Network
Crossing of two
Taxi Routes
Crossing of a
Taxi Route with a
Normal Road
All Images based on Shahinfar (2011): pp. 47, 48, 55, 56
Applicaton to Hashtgerd
Final Network
Collectve Taxis inside the
City Road Network
Roundabout, Creaton of Stops and Turning Points
Whole Hashtgerd Taxi Network
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
71
GIS for Transport Planning
Land-Use
Transport Network
Design of Cross Secton
Integraton in Land - Use
Height Informaton
Integraton in Land - Use
Informaton for Constructon and Maintenance
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
TEECT and Enhancement
Graphic by Kämpfer (2011)
EnergyAtlas N-DEMO
Graphic by Kämpfer (2011)
72
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
74
Sustainable urban development needs:
• High urban density
• Mixed used areas
• High density of foot paths and bike lane
• High quality Public Transport System
• Adapted systems for other collectve
transportaton systems (taxis, car sharing, call bus, ...)
• Restricton for car trafc
• Hightech versus “middletech” and durable solutons
• Capacity building for planers and stakeholders with special atenton to the knowledge for interrelaton between trafc and setlement structure
• Public awareness for promoton eco-mobility
• Easy used planning tools
Conclusions
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
75
TU Berlin, The Center for Technology and Society
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
Head of research unit “Mobility and Space”
Sec. HBS 1, Hardenbergstr. 16-18
10623 Berlin
tel +49 30 314 25230
fax +49 30 314 26917
www.ztg.tu-berlin.de
Thank you!
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
76
Mobility and Space
Dr.-Ing. Wulf-Holger Arndt
77
• The MiNTS Natonal Transport Survey
WS 06/07 Energieplanung, Verkehrsplanung, Wasserwirtschaf - ÖPNV
Stärken der Straßenbahn
• barrierefreier Zugang
für Menschen mit Mobilitätseinschränkungen
• Keine unkontrollierten „Angsträume“
vgl. U-Bahn, S-Bahn: Tunnel, Unterführungen, Zugänge
• keine Barriere im Stadtkörper
vgl. S-Bahn-Trasse (Ausnahme: Straßenbahn auf eigenem Bahnkörper)
Ingolf Berger: Renaissance der Straßenbahn weltweit, mobilogisch 1/03 u. 4/03
Straßenbahnbetriebe in Zentraleuropa htp://www.michaplanet.de/bahn/_tram.htm
Schienenbonus
Umstellung von Bus auf Straßenbahn bringt Fahrgastzuwächse im zweistel-
ligen Prozentbereich (bei gleichen Bedingungen: Fahrzeit,
Strecken-führung, Takt; Erklärung:Fahrkomfort, Streckenführung im
Straßenbild sichtbar, Faszinaton)
WS 06/07 Energieplanung, Verkehrsplanung, Wasserwirtschaf - ÖPNV
Stärken der Straßenbahn
• Einsatzbereich je Strecke
– 5.000 - 90.000 Pers./Tag
• Flächenerschließung
– geringere Halteabstände von 400 - 600 m
– kein Zubringerbusverkehr nötg
– u.U. Vorortanbindung rentabel (Bsp. Karlsruhe-Breten, Regionalstadtbahn)
• Baukosten
– 10 km Straßenbahn so teuer wie 1 km U-Bahn (10 %)
• Unterhaltungskosten
– Rolltreppe (U-Bahn, S-Bahn) kostet 25.000 Euro pro Jahr (Berliner U-Bahn: 376 * 25.000 = 9,4 Mio. €/Jahr, Umbauprogramm Rolltreppe raus, Fahrstuhl rein,
„Zurück in die Steinzeit“)
– Bahnsteigreinigung, Sicherheitspersonal
– Tunnelabdichtung: 500 m ca. 15 Mio. Euro (in Berlin: ca. 50 km von 144 km sanierungsbedürfig)
Ingolf Berger: Renaissance der Straßenbahn weltweit, mobilogisch 1/03 und 4/03
Rolltreppe: „Zurück in die Steinzeit: Die BVG reißt die Rolltreppen raus“, Tsp. 2.2.04
htp://www.michaplanet.de/welt/bahnen/tram.htm
Tunnelabdichtung: Berliner Woche 11.2.04
Vorortanbindung: htp://www.karlsruher-modell.de/de/basics/concept/concept01.html