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Sustainable Urban Development and Zero Impact Architecture through Culturally Based Concepts in Bhutan
A 2011 project proposAl by
chiel boonstrA (trecodome)
mAArten desmet (University for the common Good)
bhUtAn+pArtners
Introductionthe Kingdom of bhutan has one of the most beautiful as well as indigenous architectures in the world.
houses, temples and monastery-fortresses were built in a highly skilled way so constructions could survive the
rugged landscape and climate of the himalayas. through centuries monastery-fortresses have inspired village
carpenters to apply the ingenious nail less architecture based on proportional building.
it is estimated that by the year 2020, 50% of all bhutanese will live in cities. the city as such is a new phenomenon
in bhutan. since a few decades people in bhutan drive cars into blacktopped streets to get groceries while
some of them live in piled concrete dwellings.
Urban life may give comfort and luxury to people, on the other hand it can alienate persons from each other,
from nature and spiritual life.
it will be a challenge to create cities in bhutan that respond to material and inner needs of citizens and the
government plans, that anticipate to the requirements of Gross national happiness and bhutan as a carbon
free country.
A city can be a beautiful place that radiates the bhutanese history and makes people feel part of their own
culture.
Project goalsPEOPLE - PLANET - PROSPERITY - PARTICIPATION
- Design and build a propelling housing project in the Thimphu City Core
(phendey lam, Zorig lam - moWhs property)
- A sustainable project in every way possible:
goals on urban scale
Culturally based design (bhutanese traditional rural settlements)
The living city (biodiversity and respect for the environment)
The participating city (bottom up strategies)
The responsible city (taking care of your city; water, transport,...)
goals on architectural scale
Culturally based design (bhutanese traditional rural and religious building concepts)
Zero impact (passive housing)
Urbanism in the pursuit of happiness - by participating and
sharing in a design workshop method, the Bhutanese will develop an
urban identity that is based on their own culture and the principles
of gross national happiness
PASSIvE AND LOw ImPACT
- develop passive house concepts for bhutanese building types
- new technologies based on old physical laws:
- combine thermal mass etc.
- modern timber structures
- super insulation using local renewable materials
- advanced glazing
- innovative ventilation systems
- demonstrating pilot project and using the process for r&d and education
- developing design and application skills
- Architects
- contractors
- manufacturers
- spin-off industrial development
PASSIvE DESIgN APPROACh
- passive solar heating
- Utilize passive solar heat, as natural heating
- store in thermal mass
- Keep the warmth inside, using
- super insulation
- advanced glazing
- advanced ventilation concepts
- passive cooling
- providing shading and summer night ventilation as natural cooling
- and store in thermal mass
- Use natural ventilation concepts
- Use shading design
LOCAL mATERIALS
- Using local and regional materials or develop new applications for local materials
- develop industry base, skills training and education
ENERgY gENERATION
- provide remaining energy with renewable energy sources
- solar thermal for hot water
- renewable electricity generation based on hydropower, solar, wind
- back up by wood pellet burning for hot water generation and space heating
and electricity
passive concepts are available for individual houses and apartment blocks,
and also for schools, governmental buildings, offices etc.
Strategy CAPACITY BUILDINg ThROUgh DESIgN wORkShOP
partners (european professional support team, local designers, local industries, moWhs, citizens of
thimphu, ...) will work together in the design process through workshops from the first concept drawings to
the construction fase. in these workshops “the best of both worlds” will be explored.
DESIgN
wORkShOP
european
support teamcore design team
partners’ representatives
local designers
local industries
moWhs
citizens of
thimphu
. . .
Maarten Desmetduring his masters in Architecture maarten
desmet worked in bhutan at the ministry
of Works and human settlement on an Ur-
ban development project in the city core
of thimphu. back in belgium, maarten con-
tinued his research on the Urbanization of
bhutan’s valleys. currently he works as a
professional architect and focuses on Urban
planning and the pursuit of happiness.
since 2005 maarten is coordinating the nGo Universiteit voor het
Algemeen belang (University for the common Good).
Universiteit voor het Algemeen Belang...is the belgian chapter of the goodwill ‘University for the common
Good’, founded by riccardo petrella and the lisbon Group, and le-
onor Wiesbauer for belgium. the UAb is an experimental centre for
research, education, social action, raising awareness, networking
and product development to serve the common good.
the UAb wants to be a forum, a think tank, a lever and a voice that
is not afraid to speak up and fight against poverty, loneliness, dis-
crimination, violence and egocracy. sustainability, durability and
caring are key words in our campaign to add human kindness to the
interaction between people in general and to political agendas in
particular. the goal being peace, democracy, solidarity and a fair
and equal distribution of vital goods, in a spirit of care and respect
for the earth and all its inhabitants.
Think globally, act locally…
the UAb University for the common Good is gradually building a
worldwide network of faculties, covering four areas: Water - mondi-
ality - otherness - imagination
Imagining, sharing and acting for a better world...
www.universiteitalgemeenbelang.be
Chiel Boonstrathe career of chiel boonstra com-
bines architecture and energy in an
innovative way.
he obtained his degree in Archi-
tecture at delft University and his
career developed into becoming
an expert in the field of low energy
building and the application of pas-
sive solar techniques.
he has a global network, is involved on global and european r&d
networks and worked on a variety of innovative projects in the field
of city planning, new buildings and renovation projects in the
netherlands and United Kingdom.
chiel boonstra has given an impressive amount of lectures and
presentations on national and international forums and is the au-
thor of 3 books in the field of solar and sustainable building.
Trecodomechiel boonstra runs his own company
called trecodome providing advice to
design teams for low energy projects in
housing, renovation and school buildings,
and works as expert partner in european
commission supported research and
implementation projects.
he is technical coordinator of treco, a european network of social
housing organisations in europe, who exchange experiences in
low energy building in practice.
www.trecodome.com
ISCIchiel boonstra is also secretary Gen-
eral of the international solar cities
initiative an independent international
body aiming to build a bridge between
research and cities to achieve sustain-
able green house gas emissions in
cities throughout the world.
isci has hosted world congresses
in dezhou, Korea (2004). oxford, UK (2006). Adelaide, Australia
(2008) and dezhou, china (2010)
www.isci-cities.org
BHUTAN+PARTNERSbhutan+partners was found-
ed by henk de jong, in 2002,
after his term as snv coun-
try director in bhutan. since
then bhutan+partners were involved in a large number of projects, book
and film production, among which the other final and most recently:
86 centimetres, a documentary about the danger of Glacial lake out-
burst flooding in bhutan.
bhutan+partners maintain a vast network at all levels of society in bhu-
tan and the netherlands.
bhutan+partners support sustainable business programs between
bhutan and europe with reference to the principles of Gross national
happiness.
www.bhutanandpartners.org