sustainable urban drainage
TRANSCRIPT
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SUSTAINABLE URBAN
DRAINAGEPRESENTED BY:
LINGARAJ PANDA
SEC:CV-A(1)
ROLL NO.14010080
Seminar On
SUBMITTED TO:Mr. RAJIB LOCHAN SAHOOASST. PROFFESSORGEOTECHNIAL ENGINEERINGVSSUT,BURLA
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Presentation Outlines
1. Introduction2. SUDs3. Water cycle4. Environmental effects of urban
drainage5. SUDs Triangle6. Source control & Prevention
Green Roof Retention ponds Wetlands Permeable Pavements
7. Conclusions
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Sustainable Drainage• A concept that focuses on the environment and people.
• Considers:
• Quantity of runoff
• Quality of runoff
• Amenity value of surface water
• Existing urban drainage systems are:
• Unsustainable in the long-term
• Damaging to the environment
Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) are a natural approach to managing drainage in and
around properties and other developments. SUDS work by slowing and holding back the water
that runs off from a site, allowing natural processes to break down pollutants.
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Water cycle
• Water cycle
Percolation
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Why are SUDS needed?
Hydrograph:
Floods occur quicker due to reduced infiltration
Peak discharge becomes
larger
Time
Dis
charg
e
SUDS:
• Attenuate flow
• Promote infiltration & groundwater recharge
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Why are SUDS needed?
Industrial
Effluent, 2.1%
Contaminated
Land, 1%
Others, 2.7%
Urban
Drainage,
11.4%
Acidification,
11.7%
Agriculture
(Diffuse
Sources)
26.2%
Sewage
Effluent, 33.9%
Agriculture
(Point Sources)
6.3%
Mine Drainage
8.9%
SUDSWP (2000)
• 11% of Scottish river length is classified as polluted due to contamination from urban drainage
• SUDS aim to protect watercourses from point/diffuse pollution by acting
as sinks for contaminants
• Cost implications for maintaining long-term performance of SUDS
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Why are SUDS needed?
Amenity
• A ‘loaded term’ when used in relation to SUDS – environmental/community issues
Covers:
• Aesthetic & Ecological quality of the landscape
• Land-use
• Wildlife habitats
• Land-values
• Recreation opportunities
• Educational opportunities
• Water-resources
Other factors:
• Opportunity costs
• Perceptions of risk
• Construction impact
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The Environmental impact of urban drainage
1.Water quality
2.Flooding
3.Water resources
4.Habitat
Flooding may occur for a number of
reasons, including inadequately
designed surface water drainage
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Impact of urbanization on runoff quantity
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SUDS ‘Triangle’
Depends upon following factors.1.Water quantity2.Water quality3.Amneity,Biodiversity
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Present Legal Status
• WFD – Water Framework Directive (2000)
• Prevent deterioration in water status• Restoration of surface waters to good ecological and chemical status by2015
• Reduction of pollution from priority substances• Contributing to mitigating the effects of floods and droughts• Preventing/limiting pollution input into groundwater
• CAR – The Water Environment (Controlled Activities) (Scotland) Regulations (2005)
• Surface water-runoff in areas constructed, or construction sites operated, after1st April 2006 must now be drained by a Sustainable Urban Drainage System
• Exceptions – Single dwellings or if the discharge is to coastal water
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Conventional Drainage
Precipitation: Rainfall/Snow
Rapid conveyance of water & pollutants
Local watercourse
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SUDS Drainage: The ‘Treatment’ approach
• Connect SUDS together
• Individual function of local SUDS techniques beneficial – but design should be led by a holisticvision & approach
• Combined integrated function – mimics the waterflows in the natural hydrological cycle:
• Surface Flow
• Infiltration
• Storage in water-bodies
• Interflow
• Evapotranspiration
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Treatment Train
1. Good Housekeeping: best practice to eliminate, or minimise, pollutants being generated and allowed into the environment.
2. Source Controls: methods of dealing with runoff at source, e.g. permeable paving, filter strips, or roadside filter trenches.
3. Site Controls: local controls that deal with generally smaller catchment areas, e.g. detention basins.
4. Regional Controls: larger components that might typically deal with larger catchments and upstream site controls, e.g. stormwater wetlands and retention ponds.
(Heal, 2004)
Figure 2. Surface water management train: addressing runoff quality at all stages of the drainage system.
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A variety of techniques
Kerb design
Filter Drain
Roof drainage reuse
Swales
Drainage conveyance
Detention Basins
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Retention Ponds
Falkirk Stadium Retention Pond (Undeveloped catchment)
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Retention Ponds / Wetlands
Lidl Distribution Centre, Livingston - Retention Pond (Loading bay, carpark runoff)
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Green roof(designed in U.K.)
Green Roof
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Tackling Contaminants
• The flood-reducing benefits of SUDS are obvious...• Store water at various points in the catchment and allow water to be
re-used, infiltrated, released slowly and/or evaporated.
• These processes also allow the trapping of potential contaminants (e.g. metals, PAHs/Hydrocarbons) within the treatment train.
• Contaminants are typically adsorbed (physico-chemically bonded) to sediment particles that are entrained in flow.
• As water speed is slowed down using SUDS, particles (and therefore contaminants) settle out.
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Contaminant Sources: Vehicles
• 15-fold increase in the number of car and taxi miles covered over the last 50 years!
Increase in Traffic Miles
Car and Taxis
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2001
Year
Bil
lio
n v
eh
icle
mil
es
Campbell et al. (2004)
SUSTAINABLE (?)
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Design - Site Constraints
• Physical site constraints can make construction difficult or impossible, and maintenance expensive if not addressed adequately. Factors to consider include:
• topography - e.g. steep slopes
• soils and geology - e.g. erosivity, porosity, depth to bedrock or instability
• groundwater - e.g. geochemistry and water table depth
• space - limited open space, proximity to underground services. (e.g. gas, power)
• Social constraints include issues of health and safety, aesthetics and impacts on recreational facilities. Factors to consider include
• odour problems
• visual impacts
• noise
• physical injury - resulting from unauthorised access to structures;
• contamination - infection, poisoning or injury caused by trapped pollutants or algal blooms
• vermin - e.g. mosquitoes, rats.
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Design – Maintenance Issues
• Not only can a poorly maintained SUDS technique function ineffectively, it can become a source of pollution or flood hazard itself.
• When designing a SUDS measure, the following points should be considered:• ease of maintenance and operation - the selected treatment should be
easy and safe to maintain and operate • extent of maintenance - ensure the maintenance requirements are within
the operator's capability • access to the treatment site - consider the ease of site access, when
reviewing the treatment's maintenance requirements • frequency of maintenance - ensure that resources are available to carry
out maintenance at the required frequency • debris and pollutant clearing - during clearing, the treatment should not
require direct human contact with debris and trapped pollutants (automated clearing options are preferred)
• disposal - consider the disposal requirements of any waste from the treatment process.
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• SUDS development (c. 2000)
• Previously agricultural land
• Now a distribution hub based mid-way between Edinburgh and Glasgow
Case Study: J4M8
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J4M8 Oblique Aerial Photograph
M8 Motorway
Phase 1 Retention
Pond
Reddinghill Bing
(Landscaped, but still
burning)
Aldi Distribution
Centre
Former Scottish
Courage Distribution
Centre
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Some conclusions
Take the wetlands to the people
Community management
makes SuDS sustainable
SuDS – integral to solving many
issues/agendas (inc diffuse
pollution)
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References
GoogleWikipediawww.geos.ed.ac.uk
THANK YOU