sustsan workshop: implementation tools: hardware and software by tandiwe erlmann

SSWM Implementation Tools: Hardware and Software


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seecon international gmbh Tandiwe Erlmann

Ljubljana, Slovenia, April 4th 2014


More information at www.sswm.info

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1. Introduction

“Participatory Planning and

Decision Making”

How can I optimize my local water

management and sanitation system?

How can I plan and implement my water and

sanitation initiatives in a

more sustainable way?

Planning & Process Tools

Implementation Tools

Behavioural change approaches

Technical tools



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Hardware tools are…

… technical tools to optimize your water and nutrient cycle

2. Hardware

•  These are physical solutions that you can see and touch with your hands such as water filters, toilets, treatment systems or technologies to recycle water and nutrients.

•  Usually, you will need a combination of different hardware and software tools to really make a sustainable impact.

Source: www.sswm.info



Hardware tools are…

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2. Hardware Tools

…technical tools to optimise your water and nutrient cycle

Brainstorming Which

hardware tools do you know???



Water Sources

2. Hardware Tools

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http://www.sswm.info/category/implementation-tools/water-sources

Surface Water Sources •  Water Source Protec,on, Rivers, Lakes, Reservoirs,

Bank Filtra,on, Desalina,on Groundwater Sources •  Springs, Dug Wells, Drilled Wells, Manual Pumping,

Mechanized Pumping, Well Development & Rehabilita,on

Rainwater Harves5ng •  Bunds, Field Trenches, Plan,ng Pits, Micro Basins,

Sand Dams, Check Dams & Gully Plugs, Controlled Drainage, Fog Drip, Groundwater Recharge

Other •  BoGled Water , Water Vendors Conserva5on of Soil Moisture •  Conserva,on Tillage, Soil Cover and Reforestera,on,

Soil Amendment, Mulching, Crop Selec,on



Water Purification

2. Hardware Tools

Point-of-Use Water Treatment and HWTS

•  chlorination, bio-filtration, SODIS, …

Water Purification in Emergencies

•  Water Supply and Purification in Emergencies; POU Water Purification in Emergencies; Community and Camp Water Supply

(Semi-)centralized Drinking Water Treatment

•  e.g. Slow-sand filtration, Coagulation-flocculation, …)

Etc.

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http://www.sswm.info/category/implementation-tools/water-purification



Water Distribution

2. Hardware Tools

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http://www.sswm.info/category/implementation-tools/water-distribution

Water Distribution Networks

•  Water Distribution Overview; Network; Design and Dimensioning; Pumping Stations; Leakage Control; Decentralized Supply; Intermittent Water Distribution; Preventing Recontamination; Hydropower (Small-scale)

Piped Water Distribution

•  Water Distribution Pipes; Trenches; Irrigation Channels

Non-piped Distribution

•  Human Powered Distribution; Motorized Distribution; Bottled Water; Water Vendors

O&M of Water Distribution



Water Use

2. Hardware Tools

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http://www.sswm.info/category/implementation-tools/water-use

Optimization of Water Use at Home •  Reduce Water Consumption at Home, Wastewater

Reuse at Home, Simple Handwashing Devices Optimization of Water Use in Industry •  Reduce Water Consumption in Industries, Reusing

Water within Businesses, Reusing Water between Business, Wastewater Reuse in Industries

Optimization of Water Use in Agriculture •  Surface Irrigation, Manual Irrigation, Automatic

Irrigation, Sprinkler Irrigation, Drip Irrigation, etc. Conservation of Soil Moisture •  Tillage techniques, etc. Water for Energy •  Hydropower small and large scale, etc.



Wastewater Collection

2. Hardware Tools

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http://www.sswm.info/category/implementation-tools/wastewater-collection

Cartage •  Human Powered Emptying, Motorized Emptying Sewers •  Conventional Sewers, Separate Sewers, Simplified Sewers, Solids-free

Sewers, Pressurized Sewers, Vacuum Sewers, Transfer Stations Surface-runoff •  Stormwater Management, Retention Basin



Wastewater Treatment

2. Hardware Tools

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http://www.sswm.info/category/implementation-tools/wastewater-treatment

Sanitation Systems User Interfaces •  Dry Toilet, Pour-Flush Toilet, Flush Toilet, UD Flush Toilet, Low-flush

Toilet, Vacuum Toilet, Urine Diversion Components, Flush Urinals, Urinal

On-site Storage and Treatments Single Pit, Single VIP, Double VIP, UDDT, Composting Toilets, Fossa Alterna, Terra Preta Toilet, Arborloo, Dehydration Vaults, Compost Filters, Composting Chamber, Anaerobic Digestion, Biogas Settlers, Anaerobic Baffled Reactor, Anaerobic Filter, etc. (Semi-)Centralized Treatments •  Septic Tanks, Compost Filters, Anaerobic Filters, Anaerobic Baffled

Reactor, UASB Reactor, Anaerobic Digestion, Biogas Settler, Rotating Biological Contactor, Trickling Filters, Waste Stabilization Pond, Aerated Pond, Advanced Integrated Ponds, Aquaculture, Constructed Wetlands, W, Non-planted Filters, Stormwater Management, Retention Basin, Activated Sludge, Fixed-film (AS), Membrane Bioreactor (MBR), etc.

Sanitation in Emergencies … Sludge Treatment …



Reuse and Recharge

2. Hardware Tools

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http://www.sswm.info/category/implementation-tools/reuse-and-recharge

Reuse of Urine and Faeces in Agriculture •  Urine Fertilization (Small-scale), Urine Fertilization (Large-

scale), Fertilizer from Urine, Fertilizer from Sludge, Use of Dehydrated Faeces, Use of Compost, Arborloo

Reuse of Blackwater and Greywater •  Aquaculture, Fertigation, Greywater Towers, Vertical Gardens Recharge & Disposal •  Leach Fields, Soak Pits, Evaporation Beds, Surface Disposal

(Liquids), Surface Disposal (Solids), Land Application of Sludge, Groundwater Recharge (Surface), Groundwater Recharge (Sub-surface), Soil Aquifer Treatment, Short Rotation Plantations, Stormwater Management

Energy Products from Sludge •  Heat Recovery from Sludge, Direct Use of Biogas, Biogas

Electricity (Small-scale), Biogas Electricity (Large-scale) Household and Industry Reuse •  Reuse of Wastewater at Home, Reuse of Wastewater in

Industries



Source: http://education-portal.com/articles/Sleep_Awareness_Week_Sleep_from_A_to_Zzzzzs.html [Accessed: 08.08.2012]

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Are Hardware Tools enough? Why do we need Software Tools?

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Source: http://www.wsp.org/userfiles/image/2009_JUL.jpg [Accessed: 23.03.2010]

Source: http://www.wsp.org/userfiles/image/2009_JUL.jpg [Accessed: 23.03.2010]



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“Participatory Planning and

Decision Making”

How can I optimize my local water

management and sanitation system?

How can I plan and implement my water and

sanitation initiatives in a

more sustainable way?

Planning & Process Tools

Implementation Tools

Behavioural change approaches

Technical tools



Because we need a combination of hardware and software to make a sustainable impact!

•  The technology works but is not adapted to the local context

•  Community might not accept an intervention •  The authorities might not be willing to invest

(finances and regulation) •  Ensuring sustainability

Why do we need Software Tools?

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3. Software

Why?

Economy

Society

Environment Hard- ware Software



Software tools are…

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3. Software

… behavioural change approaches to optimise your water and nutrient cycle

With what kind of processes, measures and

tools can I plan and implement

my SSWM project?

How can I optimize my local water and sanitation system and make it more

sustainable?




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3. Software

… behavioural change approaches to optimise your water and nutrient cycle … a set of tools and set-ups that are necessary to achieve changes in the behaviour and attitudes of different actors involved in the water and sanitation system.

Economic Tools

Software

Awareness raising Tools

Command & Control Tools

Creating an Enabling

Environment




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3. Software

Economic Tools


Environment


Awareness Raising

….because people pursue goals in accordance with their values and knowledge.

… because people want to avoid the penalties for non-compliance.

…. because people want to achieve maximal benefit at minimal cost.

… because you need a sound framework to establish a sustainable water and sanitation management strategy.



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3. Software

Economic Tools

Awareness raising Tools



Environment

Brainstorming Which Software Tools do

you know?



•  Social Marketing •  School Campaigns •  SSWM in School

Curriculums •  Empowering Young

People as Promoters •  Advocacy -

Influencing Leaders •  Creating Information

Material •  Media Campaigns –

Posters and Flyers, Radio, Video, Internet and Email

•  Corporate Social Responsibility

•  Command & Control Tools

•  Standards •  Restriction

•  Tradable Water Rights •  Water Charges •  Water Pricing -

General •  Water Pricing - Fixed

Water Charge •  Water Pricing -

Increasing Block Tariffs

•  Water Pricing - Decreasing Block Tariffs

•  Water Pricing - Uniform Volumetric Charge

•  Subsidies

•  Creating Policies and Legal Framework

•  Building an Institutional Framework

•  Bundling and Unbundling of Functions

•  Strengthening Enforcement Bodies

•  Decentralization •  Public Private

Partnerships •  Privatization •  Nationalization •  Developing Human

Resources


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3. Software

Economic Tools


Environment


Awareness Raising



Group Work: Optimise your SSWM System

Objective: •  Find solutions for the most pressing problems! Tasks: •  45’ Group work: -  Consult SSWM Toolbox -  Identify existing hardware and software tools -  Identify appropriate hard- and software to

optimise your system

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4. Introduction to Group Work

Find help in the SSWM Toolbox: Implementation Tools http://www.sswm.info/category/implementation-tools/implementation-tools-introduction

Hardware

Software

How can I optimise my local water management

and sanitation system and make it more

sustainable?



Find help in the SSWM Toolbox

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Find help in the SSWM Toolbox

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Example of a Factsheet

•  Executive Summary

•  Description: • Intro • Basic Design Principles • Health Aspects • Cost Aspects • O&M

•  Applicability

•  Advantages and Disadvantages

•  Further Readings: • General • Case Studies • Training Material • Weblinks

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SSWM Implementation Tools: Hardware and Software 59

“Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture”

With the support of:

Created by:

sustsan workshop: implementation tools: hardware and software by tandiwe erlmann

Environment

hardware tools technical

software tools

water filters

water consumption

water sources

hardware tools point

use water treatment

emergencies water supply