svensk standard ss-en iso 10414-2:2011

SVENSK STANDARD

Fastställd / Approved: 2011-06-23Publicerad / Published: 2011-08-17Utgåva / Edition: 1Språk / Language: engelska / EnglishICS: 75.180.10

SS-EN ISO 10414-2:2011

Petroleum and natural gas industries – Field testing of drilling fluids – Part 2: Oil-based fluids (ISO 10414-2:2011)

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Förhållandet till övriga delar under samma huvudtitel - Utdrag ur Förord i ISO 10414-2:2011/ Relations to other parts under the same general title - Extract from the Foreword of ISO 10414-2:2011 ISO 10414 consists of the following parts, under the general title Petroleum and natural gas industries — Field testing of drilling fluids: - Part 1: Water-based fluids - Part 2: Oil-based fluids


EUROPEAN STANDARD

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

EN ISO 10414-2

June 2011

ICS 75.180.10

English Version

Petroleum and natural gas industries - Field testing of drilling fluids - Part 2: Oil-based fluids (ISO 10414-2:2011)

Industries du pétrole et du gaz naturel - Essais in situ des fluides de forage - Partie 2: Fluides à base d'huiles (ISO

10414-2:2011)

Erdöl- und Erdgasindustrie - Feldprüfung von Bohrflüssigkeiten - Teil 2: Flüssigkeiten auf Ölbasis (ISO

10414-2:2011)

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 28 April 2011. CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member. This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION C O M I T É E U R O P É E N D E N O R M A LI S A T I O N EUR OP ÄIS C HES KOM ITEE FÜR NOR M UNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. EN ISO 10414-2:2011: E


SS-EN ISO 10414-2:2011 (E)This preview is downloaded from www.sis.se. Buy the entire standard via https://www.sis.se/std-80699

ISO 10414-2:2011(E)

© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved iii

Contents Page

Foreword .............................................................................................................................................................v Introduction........................................................................................................................................................vi 1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................1 2 Normative references............................................................................................................................2 3 Terms and definitions ...........................................................................................................................2 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms ..........................................................................................................3 4.1 Symbols..................................................................................................................................................3 4.2 Abbreviated terms .................................................................................................................................9 5 Determination of drilling fluid density (mud weight) .......................................................................10 5.1 Principle................................................................................................................................................10 5.2 Apparatus.............................................................................................................................................10 5.3 Procedure.............................................................................................................................................10 5.4 Calculation ...........................................................................................................................................10 6 Alternative method for determination of drilling fluid density .......................................................12 6.1 Principle................................................................................................................................................12 6.2 Apparatus.............................................................................................................................................12 6.3 Procedure.............................................................................................................................................13 6.4 Calculation ...........................................................................................................................................14 7 Viscosity and gel strength..................................................................................................................14 7.1 Principle................................................................................................................................................14 7.2 Determination of viscosity using the Marsh funnel.........................................................................14 7.3 Determination of viscosity and gel strength using a direct-reading viscometer .........................15 8 Static filtration .....................................................................................................................................18 8.1 Principle................................................................................................................................................18 8.2 High-temperature/high-pressure test up to 175 °C (350 °F)............................................................18 8.3 High-temperature/high-pressure test 175 °C (350 °F) up to and including 230 °C (450 °F) .........21 9 Retort test for oil, water and solids concentrations ........................................................................23 9.1 Principle................................................................................................................................................23 9.2 Apparatus.............................................................................................................................................24 9.3 Procedure — Volumetric method ......................................................................................................25 9.4 Calculation — Volumetric method.....................................................................................................26 9.5 Procedure — Gravimetric method .....................................................................................................27 9.6 Calculation — Gravimetric method ...................................................................................................29 9.7 Calculation — Volume fractions of oil, water and solids ................................................................30 10 Chemical analysis of oil-based drilling fluids ..................................................................................32 10.1 Principle................................................................................................................................................32 10.2 Reagents and apparatus.....................................................................................................................33 10.3 Base alkalinity demand, VB ................................................................................................................34 10.4 Whole-drilling-fluid alkalinity, VK.......................................................................................................35 10.5 Whole-drilling-fluid chloride concentration......................................................................................37 10.6 Whole-drilling-fluid calcium concentration ......................................................................................38 11 Electrical stability test.........................................................................................................................39 11.1 Principle................................................................................................................................................39 11.2 Apparatus.............................................................................................................................................39 11.3 Equipment calibration/performance test ..........................................................................................40 11.4 Procedure.............................................................................................................................................40


ISO 10414-2:2011(E)

iv © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

12 Lime, salinity and solids calculations ...............................................................................................41 12.1 Principle................................................................................................................................................41 12.2 Apparatus .............................................................................................................................................42 12.3 Whole-drilling-fluid calculations ........................................................................................................42 12.4 Aqueous phase calculations ..............................................................................................................44 12.5 Soluble and insoluble whole-drilling-fluid sodium chloride calculations .....................................48 12.6 Calculation — Solids in the whole drilling fluid ...............................................................................49 Annex A (informative) Measurement of shear strength using shearometer tube ......................................54 Annex B (informative) Determination of oil and water retained on cuttings...............................................56 Annex C (informative) Determination of aqueous-phase activity of emulsified water using an

electrohygrometer ...............................................................................................................................61 Annex D (informative) Determination of aniline point ...................................................................................64 Annex E (informative) Lime, salinity and solids calculations.......................................................................67 Annex F (informative) Sampling, inspection and rejection of drilling materials ........................................88 Annex G (informative) Rig-site sampling........................................................................................................90 Annex H (informative) Determination of cutting activity by the Chenevert method ..................................93 Annex I (informative) Chemical analysis of active sulfides by the Garrett gas train method ...................97 Annex J (informative) Calibration and verification of glassware, thermometers, viscometers,

retort kit cup and drilling fluid balances .........................................................................................102 Annex K (informative) High-temperature/high-pressure filtration testing of oil-based drilling fluids

using the permeability plugging apparatus and cells equipped with set-screw secured end caps .............................................................................................................................................107

Annex L (informative) High-temperature/high-pressure filtration testing of oil-based drilling fluids using the permeability plugging apparatus and cells equipped with threaded end caps .........117

Annex M (informative) Compatibility of elastomeric materials with non-aqueous-based drilling fluids ...................................................................................................................................................127

Annex N (informative) Sand content procedure for non-aqueous fluids ..................................................131 Annex O (informative) Identification and monitoring of weight-material sag...........................................132 Annex P (informative) Oil-based drilling fluid report form..........................................................................155 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................................156


EN ISO 10414-2:2011 (E)

Foreword

This document (EN ISO 10414-2:2011) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 67 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries” in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 12 “Materials, equipment and offshore structures for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2011.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

Endorsement notice

The text of ISO 10414-2:2011 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 10414-2:2011 without any modification.

v


ISO 10414-2:2011(E)

vi © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

Introduction

This part of ISO 10414 is based on API RP 13B-2:2005, Recommended practice for field testing of oil-based drilling fluids.

As with any laboratory procedure requiring the use of potentially hazardous chemicals and equipment, the user is expected to have received proper training and knowledge in the use and disposal of these potentially hazardous materials. The user is responsible for compliance with all applicable local, regional and national requirements for worker and local health, safety and environmental liability.

In this part of ISO 10414, quantities expressed in the International System (SI) of units are also, where practical, expressed in United States Customary (USC) units in parentheses for information. The units do not necessarily represent a direct conversion of SI units to USC units, or USC units to SI units. Consideration has been given to the precision of the instrument making the measurement. For example, thermometers are typically marked in one degree increments, thus temperature values have been rounded to the nearest degree.

Calibrating an instrument refers to ensuring the accuracy of the measurement. Accuracy is the degree of conformity of a measurement of a quantity to its actual or true value. Accuracy is related to precision, or reproducibility, of a measurement. Precision is the degree to which further measurements or calculations will show the same or similar results. Precision is characterized in terms of the standard deviation of the measurement. The results of calculations or a measurement can be accurate but not precise, precise but not accurate, neither accurate nor precise, or both accurate and precise. A result is valid if it is both accurate and precise.


© ISO 2011 – All rights reserved 1

Petroleum and natural gas industries — Field testing of drilling fluids —

Part 2: Oil-based fluids

1 Scope

This part of ISO 10414 provides standard procedures for determining the following characteristics of oil-based drilling fluids:

a) drilling fluid density (mud weight);

b) viscosity and gel strength;

c) filtration;

d) oil, water and solids concentrations;

e) alkalinity, chloride concentration and calcium concentration;

f) electrical stability;

g) lime and calcium concentrations, calcium chloride and sodium chloride concentrations;

h) low-gravity solids and weighting material concentrations.

The annexes provide additional test methods or examples that can optionally be used for the determination of:

⎯ shear strength (Annex A);

⎯ oil and water concentrations from cuttings (Annex B);

⎯ drilling fluid activity (Annex C);

⎯ aniline point (Annex D);

⎯ lime, salinity and solids concentration (Annex E);

⎯ sampling, inspection and rejection (Annex F);

⎯ rig-site sampling (Annex G);

⎯ cuttings activity (Annex H);

⎯ active sulphides (Annex I);

⎯ calibration and verification of glassware, thermometers, viscometers, retort kit cups and drilling fluid balances (Annex J);


ISO 10414-2:2011(E)

2 © ISO 2011 – All rights reserved

⎯ permeability plugging apparatus with set-screw secured end cap (Annex K);

⎯ permeability plugging apparatus with threaded end cap (Annex L);

⎯ elastomer compatibility (Annex M);

⎯ sand content of oil-based fluid (Annex N);

⎯ identification and monitoring of weight-material sag (Annex O);

⎯ oil-based drilling fluid test report form (Annex P).

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 10414-1:20081), Petroleum and natural gas industries — Field testing of drilling fluids — Part 1: Water-based fluids

ISO 135012), Petroleum and natural gas industries — Drilling fluids — Processing equipment evaluation

API RP 13D:2010, Recommended practice on the rheology and hydraulics of oil-well drilling fluids

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1 ACS reagent grade grade of chemical meeting the purity standards specified by the American Chemical Society (ACS) and listed in the Chemical Abstracting Service (CAS)

3.2 density of water density of 1 g/ml (8,334 lb/gal) for deionized or distilled water and 1 g/ml (8,345 lb/gal) for clean tap water

NOTE Deionized or distilled water is used for all equipment calibration. The volume of 1 kg of water is 1 l for the purposes of this part of ISO 10414, and the volume of water is numerically equivalent to the volume of the water measured in cubic centimetres or millilitres, i.e. 1 g = 1 ml.

3.3 spurt loss volume of fluid that passes through the filtration medium before a filter cake is formed

3.4 pound U.S. customary unit used to indicate pound-mass (weight), as opposed to pound-force (shear stress)

1) For the purposes of this part of ISO 10414, API RP 13B-1:2009, Recommended practice for field testing water-based drilling fluids, is equivalent.

2) For the purposes of this part of ISO 10414, API RP 13C, Recommended practice on drilling fluids processing systems evaluation, is equivalent.


ISO 10414-2:2011(E)


3.5 volumic mass dimensionless ratio of the mass of a volume of an object substance to the mass of the same volume of a reference substance, i.e. the ratio of their respective mass densities

NOTE 1 Generally speaking, the reference substance is pure water.

NOTE 2 Volumic mass is commonly known as specific gravity.

4 Symbols and abbreviated terms

4.1 Symbols

aDF measure of the chemical potential or reaction availability of drilling fluid

aW measure of the chemical potential or reaction availability of water solutions of standard salts

aC measure of the chemical potential or reaction availability of drilled cuttings

b slope of the annular velocity and shear stress at the wall in laminar flow, as defined in O.7.2.8

BVSST amount of weight-material sag, expressed in pounds-mass per gallon3)

C correction value to add to thermometer reading

+2Ca ,DFc whole-drilling-fluid calcium concentration, expressed in milligrams per litre

+22Ca ,H O

c aqueous-phase calcium concentration per volume of pure water, expressed in milligrams per litre

cCaCl2,AQ aqueous-phase calcium chloride concentration, expressed in milligrams per litre

cCaCl2,DF,A whole-drilling-fluid calcium chloride concentration, expressed in milligrams per litre

cCaCl2,DF,B whole-drilling-fluid calcium chloride concentration, expressed in pounds per barrel

cCaCl2,DF,C whole-drilling-fluid calcium chloride concentration, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre

cCa(OH)2,% lime assay value, expressed as a weight fraction

cCa(OH)2,DF,B whole-drilling-fluid total lime concentration, expressed in pounds per barrel

cCa(OH)2,DF,C whole-drilling-fluid total lime concentration, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre

cCa(OH)2,F lime concentration of field lime, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre or pounds per barrel

3) Gallon as used throughout this part of ISO 10414 refers to the U.S. gallon of 3,785 4 litres.


ISO 10414-2:2011(E)


Cl ,DFc − whole-drilling-fluid chloride concentration, expressed in milligrams per litre

( )2Cl CaCl ,DFc − whole-drilling-fluid chloride concentration as calcium chloride, expressed in milligrams per

litre

( )Cl NaCl ,DFc − whole-drilling-fluid chloride concentration from sodium chloride, expressed in milligrams

per litre

cNaCl,AQ aqueous-phase sodium chloride concentration, expressed in milligrams per litre

cLG,B low-gravity solids concentration, expressed in pounds per barrel

cLG,C low-gravity solids concentration, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre

cNaCl,DF,A whole-drilling-fluid sodium chloride concentration, expressed in milligrams per litre

cNaCl,DF,B whole-drilling-fluid sodium chloride concentration, expressed in pounds per barrel

cNaCl,DF,C whole-drilling-fluid sodium chloride concentration, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre

cNaCl,DF,INSOL,A whole-drilling fluid insoluble sodium chloride concentration, expressed in milligrams per litre

cNaCl,DF,INSOL,B whole-drilling-fluid insoluble sodium chloride concentration, expressed in pounds per barrel

cNaCl,DF,SOL,A whole-drilling-fluid soluble sodium chloride concentration, expressed in milligrams per litre

cNaCl,DF,SOL,B whole-drilling-fluid soluble sodium chloride concentration, expressed in pounds per barrel

cNaCl,DF,SOL,C whole-drilling-fluid soluble sodium chloride concentration, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre

cS−2 concentration of active sulfides, expressed in milligrams per litre

cWM,B weighting material concentration, expressed in pounds per barrel

cWM,C weighting material concentration, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre

d1 distance from the outer wall, expressed in inches

D outer pipe diameter or inner diameter of open hole, expressed in inches

d inner pipe diameter, expressed in inches

DTVD true vertical depth, expressed in feet

E pump efficiency, expressed as percentage

f tube factor, taken from Table I.2

G′ storage modulus, expressed in Newtons per square metre

G″ loss modulus, expressed in Newtons per square metre

kC consistency factor, expressed in pounds-force per second


ISO 10414-2:2011(E)


L length of the hydraulic section, expressed in feet

LA length, expressed in feet

l submerged length of shear tube, expressed in centimetres

lA submerged length of shear tube, expressed in inches

lD Dräger tube darkened length (stained length), marked in units on the tube

m1 mass of the empty retort assembly (cup, lid and body packed with steel wool), expressed in grams

m2 mass of the filled retort assembly (cup with sample, lid and body packed with steel wool), expressed in grams

m3 mass of the empty, dry liquid receiver, expressed in grams

m4 mass of the cooled liquid receiver with condensed liquids, expressed in grams

m5 mass of the cooled retort assembly (body packed with steel wool), expressed in grams;

md mass of the dried retort cuttings, expressed in grams

mF1 mass of drilling fluid following shear at 100 r/min, expressed in grams

mF2 mass of drilling fluid taken from Sag Shoe following shear at 100 r/min, expressed in grams

mF3 mass of drilling fluid taken from Sag Shoe following shear at 600 r/min, expressed in grams

mL mass of the liquid condensed (oil and water), expressed in grams

mO mass of the oil, expressed in grams

mS mass of the liquid drilling fluid sample, expressed in grams

mst mass of shear tube, expressed in grams

mtot total shear mass (sum of platform and weights), expressed in grams

mWC mass of the wet cuttings, expressed in grams

mW mass of water, expressed in grams

P measured pressure, expressed in pounds-gauge per square inch

∆P anticipated pressure increase, expressed in pounds-gauge per square inch

A

PL

∆∆

pressure gradient, expressed in pounds-gauge per square inch per foot

Q pump rate, expressed in gallons per minute

R1 average reading for the standard thermometer, expressed in degrees


ISO 10414-2:2011(E)


R2 average reading for the working thermometer, expressed in degrees

R600 dial reading at 600 revolutions per minute, expressed in degrees deflection

R300 dial reading at 300 revolutions per minute, expressed in degrees deflection

RBPU calculated bed pickup measurement ratio, expressed as a percentage

RO ratio of the volume fraction of oil to the sum of the volume fractions of oil and pure water from the retort analysis, expressed as a percentage

RB ratio of the volume fraction of oil to the sum of the volume fractions of oil and brine, expressed as a percentage

RW ratio of the volume fraction of water to the sum of the volume fractions of oil and pure water from the retort analysis, expressed as a percentage

ROC retained oil on cuttings, expressed in grams per kilogram of cuttings (either wet or dry)

S Sag Register

t time, expressed in minutes

V1 spurt loss, expressed in millilitres

V7,5 filtrate volume after 7,5 min, expressed in millilitres

V30 filtrate volume after 30 min, expressed in millilitres

VA annular volume, expressed in barrels

VAgNO3 volume of 0,282 mol/l (0,282 N) silver nitrate reagent, expressed in millilitres

VB base alkalinity demand

VEDTA volume of 0,1 mol/l EDTA solution, expressed in millilitres

VF filtrate volume

VH2SO4 volume of 0,05 mol/l (0,1 N) sulfuric acid, expressed in millilitres

VK whole-drilling-fluid alkalinity, expressed in millilitres of 0,05 mol/l sulfuric acid

VM receiver volume at specific mark, expressed in millilitres

VNaOH volume of 0,1 mol/l (0,1 N) NaOH, expressed in millilitres

VO volume of oil, expressed in millilitres

VPPT volume of filtrate from PPT, expressed in millilitres

VR total volume of condensed liquids (oil and water), expressed in millilitres

VRC volume of retort cup, expressed in millilitres


ISO 10414-2:2011(E)


VS drilling fluid sample volume, expressed in millilitres;

VW water volume, expressed in millilitres, or water mass, expressed in grams (1 ml = 1 g) (see 3.2)

∆va change in annular velocity, expressed in feet per minute

va annular velocity, expressed in feet per minute.

vf static filtration rate (velocity of flow), expressed in millilitres per minute1/2

wCaCl2 aqueous-phase mass fraction of calcium chloride, expressed as a percentage of the total aqueous-phase mass

CaCl ,SAT2w aqueous-phase mass fraction of calcium chloride of a super-saturated fluid, expressed as a percentage of the total aqueous-phase mass

wNaCl aqueous-phase mass fraction of sodium chloride, expressed as a percentage of the total aqueous phase mass

wNaCl,MAX maximum aqueous-phase mass fraction of soluble sodium chloride that can exist for a given mass fraction of calcium chloride, expressed as a percentage of the total aqueous phase mass

wNaCl,MAX-C recalculated maximum aqueous-phase mass fraction of soluble sodium chloride that can exist for a given mass fraction of calcium chloride, expressed as a percentage of the total aqueous phase mass

YPA yield point, expressed in pascals

YPB yield point, expressed in pounds per one hundred square feet, often expressed as YP

β10m gel strength at 10 min, expressed in pounds per one hundred square feet

β10s gel strength at 10 s, expressed in pounds per one hundred square feet

ΓDFG,A drilling fluid gradient, expressed in kilopascals per metre

ΓDFG,B drilling fluid gradient, expressed in pounds per square inch per foot

γA shear strength of the drilling fluid, expressed in pounds per square inch per foot

γB shear strength of the drilling fluid, expressed in pascals

γi fluid shear rate, expressed in reciprocal seconds

η drillpipe rotation, expressed in revolutions per minute

ηAV apparent viscosity, expressed in millipascal seconds (centipoises)

ηPV plastic viscosity, expressed in millipascal seconds (centipoises)

ϕB volume fraction of brine, expressed as a percentage of the whole drilling fluid


ISO 10414-2:2011(E)


ϕD corrected volume fraction of solids, expressed as a percentage of the whole drilling fluid

ϕd volume fraction of dried retort solids, expressed as a percentage of the total sample volume

ϕLG volume fraction of the low-gravity solids, expressed as a percentage of the total suspended solids

ϕO volume fraction of oil, expressed as a percentage of the whole drilling fluid

ϕW volume fraction of pure water, expressed as a percentage of the whole drilling fluid

ϕWM volume fraction of the weighting material solids, expressed as a percentage of the total suspended solids

ρ drilling fluid density, expressed in pounds per gallon

ρB aqueous-phase density, expressed in grams per millilitre

ρC drilling fluid density, expressed in kilograms per cubic metre

ρB1 drilling fluid density, expressed in pounds per gallon

ρB2 drilling fluid density, expressed in pounds per cubic foot

dρ average density (volumic mass) of the suspended solids.

ρECD-hyd pressure drop and extra density effects of drilled cuttings

ρECD-tot total predicted equivalent circulating density

∆ρECD-rot change in pressure due to rotation

ρLG density of the low-gravity solids, expressed in grams per millilitre

ρmax maximum recorded drilling fluid density, expressed in pounds per gallon

ρnom nominal drilling fluid density, expressed in pounds per gallon

ρO density of the oil being used, expressed in grams per millilitre

ρS drilling fluid density, expressed in grams per millilitre

ρw water density, expressed in grams per millilitre, at the test temperature (see Table J.1)

ρWM density of the weighting material solids, expressed in grams per millilitre

τW wall shear stress, expressed in pounds-force per hundred square feet

τY drilling fluid yield stress, expressed in pounds-force per hundred square feet


ISO 10414-2:2011(E)


4.2 Abbreviated terms

ACS American Chemical Society

API American Petroleum Institute

ASTM American Society of Testing Materials

AV apparent viscosity

CAS Chemical Abstracting Services

ECD equivalent circulating density [expressed in kilograms per cubic metre (pounds per gallon)]

EDTA sodium salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid dihydrate

ERD extended reach drilling

ES electrical stability

ESD equivalent static density [expressed in kilograms per cubic metre (pounds per gallon)]

HTHP high temperature, high pressure

OCMA Oil Company Materials Association

OBR oil-to-brine ratio

OWR oil-to-water ratio

PNP propylene glycol normal-propyl ether

PPA permeability plugging apparatus

PPT permeability plugging test

PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene (e.g. Teflon®)

PV plastic viscosity

PVT pressure, volume and temperature relationship

SI International System of units

TC to contain

TD to deliver

TVD true vertical depth [expressed in metres (feet)]

USC United States Customary units

VSST Viscometer Sag Shoe Test

YP yield point


svensk standard ss-en iso 10414-2:2011

Documents