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Catalytic Converter Design For

Two Wheelers

Better Air Quality, BangkokBetter Air Quality, Bangkok

Nov 12Nov 12--14, 200814, 2008

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Vehicle sales in year 2007-08in India: Nos in million

7.232 0.322 1.217 0.602 0.223

2 - Wh 3 - Wh Cars LCV HCV



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EURO II < 150CC

EURO II > 150CC

EURO III < 150CC

EURO III > 150CC

CO 5.5 5.5 2 2

THC 1.2 1 0.8 0.3

NOx 0.3 0.3 0.15 0.15

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g / K m

Mass Emission Norms



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Lean Air/Fuel:

Lower total hydrocarbonsMore low-molecular weight olefins

Higher O2 partial pressure

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Idle engine speed and Ignition timing:

Both, higher rpm and retarded ignition increases mass flow rate

and exhaust temperature

Typical increase in temperature:-• c.a. 100 °C for an rpm increase of 500 rpm

• c.a. 50 °C for a retarded ignition of 10 °



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TYPE: 2 Wheeler, 4 Stroke, 125 CC Engine

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PdPd--only is suitable for TWC.only is suitable for TWC.

Rh enhances NOx conversion & suppresses HC conversion ofRh enhances NOx conversion & suppresses HC conversion of

Pd catalysts.Pd catalysts.



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S.A. (m2/g) OSC (mmoles/g)

Washcoat 1 Washcoat 2 Washcoat 1 Washcoat2

Fresh 170 145 170 860

Aged 75 101 96 623

LOT ( C)

CO HC

Wash Coat 1 185 205

Wash coat 2Wash coat 2 155155 178178

Thermal Stability:

Performance Evaluation on Gasoline, 4 S, 100 CC 33 x 60, 100 cpsi, 40 18:0:1Performance Evaluation on Gasoline, 4 S, 100 CC 33 x 60, 100 cpsi, 40 18:0:1

SV 30 K Lambda = 1.05:SV 30 K Lambda = 1.05:

Increased

ThermalStability

IncreasedOSC

DecreasedLOT



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Advantages of optimized OSC washcoat.

(4W E II) 81x125x101 400 cpsi 15 0:8:2

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0.359

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CO (g/km) HC (g/km) NOx (g/km)

Wash coat 1 Washcoat 2

ReducedMass

Emissions

Conventionalvs.

Layered coating

LOT ( °C ) Conversion (%) at 400 °C

Standard2-Step

Layered Standard

2-Step

Layered

CO 345 282 68 85

HC 355 314 52 69

NO 356 314 60 79

Advantages of Layered

Coating

Substrate: 35 x 35 / 400 cpsi, SV 100 K 15, 0/8/2,15, 0/8/2,

Significant improvement in performance can translateinto reduced precious metal loading.



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• Material science based approach leads to

cost effective design of catalytic converter

• Engine calibration parameters

significantly influence the catalyst

performance

• Synergy between the above will help tomeet the emission norms of the future

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