Swbat: determine various naturally occurring processes that can occur in New Jersey

DO NOW:WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A

HURRICANE AND A TORNADO?WHAT IS SIMILAR ABOUT A HURRICANE AND

A TORNADO?

New Jersey and New Jersey and Naturally Occurring Naturally Occurring

ProcessesProcessesStorm sound effectsl\

Introduction worksheet: Natural Disasters: Disasters or Blessing.

Tornado

http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=twister+movie&view=detail&mid=3004D4C283280E8527AE3004D4C283280E8527AE&first=41

A tornado is a column of swirling wind: an extremely destructive funnel-shaped rotating column of air that passes in a narrow path over land

Tornadoes are similar to a hurricane in that they both contain destructive circular winds. Differs in that it takes place over land

Spawned by thunderstormsDamage paths can be in excess of one mile wide

and 50 miles long. Every state is at some risk from this hazard.

Before a tornado hits, the wind may die down and the air may become very still.

Preparing for a tornadoArticle: Science World “Deadly Twister”

To begin preparing, you should build an emergency kit and

make a family communications plan. Listen to NOAA Weather Radio or to commercial radio or

television newscasts for the latest information. In any emergency, always listen to the instructions given by local emergency management officials.

Be alert to changing weather conditions. Look for approaching storms.

Look for the following danger signs: ◦ Dark, often greenish sky ◦ Large hail ◦ A large, dark, low-lying cloud (particularly if rotating) ◦ Loud roar, similar to a freight train. ◦ If you see approaching storms or any of the danger signs, be

prepared to take shelter immediately.

HURRICANESHURRICANES

ABC video of Hurricane Sandy

http://abcnews.go.com/US/video/hurricane-sandy-jersey-beach-town-water-17602176

Before and after pictures of Sandy

Hurricanes are a tropical cyclonic storm having minimum winds The English word hurricane comes from Spanish word huracan, which

means great wind

Hurricane watch – means that a hurricane will probably strike your area within the next 24 hours

Once a hurricane watch is issued, it may be too late to take precautions

A hurricane’s low – pressure center of relative calm is called the eye

Hurricanes build energy as they move across the ocean, sucking up warm, moist tropical air from the surface and dispensing cooler air

Wind speeds can be as high as 185mph on coastal areas

Saffir-Simpson scale was established to rank the relative intensities of hurricanes

EFFECTS:

Flash flooding Loss of vegetation Loss of coastal protection (dunes) Decrease in larval fish and shellfish Major property loss Coastal flooding can cause road runoff and

pollute groundwater supplies Shipwrecks and grounded shipping vessels

could cause oil spills Economic impacts High winds leading to damage of property Severe home damage such as roofs,

windows and doors Water inside homes or buildings

Prevention Methods:

Stock up on drinking water and supplies Access to working portable radio Board up windows Plan an escape route Maintain a supply of flashlights, candles and kerosene lamps A cell phone with a fully charged battery may be helpful in case of

emergency If you own a boat, move it to a safer place, or tighten your lines If you live in a mobile home, check tie downs and leave

immediately for a safer place

Read Articles about Sandy from Science World and Today magazine

Ticket to Leave – on loose leafpaper answer these questions

Which does more damage, a hurricane or a tornado?

A storm surge is a giant wave? True/FalseIf we have more sophisticated warning

systems about hurricanes today, why is there more property damage now than in the past? (Think about Sandi)

Water Erosion

Water Erosion is the detachment of earth material from surface by long running water

Water is the most important erosional agent and erodes most commonly as running water in streams

There are several types of erosion such as water, wind, ice and wave

Effects:

Loss of farmland Loss of habitat loss of topsoil roadway damage buildup of sediment where drainage is

necessary Economic impacts

Prevention:

Make sure your water body is surrounded by plenty of trees, shrubs and other plants.

Remove debris and trash from your creek, marsh, stream or other local water body

Keep people, cars and grazing animals away from the edge of the water

Build steps on a ramp between the top and bottom of the bank if you need access to the water

Avoid heavy loads on the top of stream banks or shorelines

Plant and protect vegetation on the slopes of the shorelines and on the areas adjacent to the slope.

SinkHolesSinkHoles

What do you think: Are sinkholes the same as water erosion?

What is a sinkhole?What is a sinkhole?

Sinkholes are an area of ground that has no natural external surface drainage- when it rains, all of the water stays inside the sinkhole and typically drains into the subsurface.

They can vary from a few feet to hundreds of acres and from less than 1 to more than 100 feet deep.

They can form so slowly that little change is noticeable or can be sudden and a collapse happens

In NJ East Rutherford a man and his forklift was dragged into a sinkhole.

Sinkholes have been associated with land use practices, especially from groundwater pumping and from construction and development practices

Sinkholes can also form when natural water-drainage patterns are changed and new water-diversion systems are developed

Some can form when the land surface is changed, such as when industrial and runoff-storage ponds are created

Sinkholes can be human induced - Sinkholes can be human induced - Experiment Experiment

The overburden sediments that cover buried cavities in the aquifer systems are delicately balanced by ground water fluid pressure. The water below ground is actually helping to keep the surface soil in place. Groundwater pumping for urban water supply and for irrigation can produce new sinkholes in sinkhole-prone areas, such as Florida. If pumping results in a lowering of groundwater levels, then underground structural failure, and thus, sinkholes, can occur.

Landslides

Landslides are downward sliding of a relatively dry mass of earth and rock

These can happen because of heavy rain, earthquakes and human activity.

Landslides are usually associated with mountainous areas, but can also occur where relief is generally low

Landslides are a major geologic hazard

In New Jersey they are a hazard in areas with steep to moderate slopes and where geologic formations are prone to failure

Examples of Landslides in New Jersey: July 23, 1887 caused by heavy rain November 1948 – Lambertville quarry killed two men August 2000 – caused by a foot of rain damaged homes

and businesses

One of the most active landslide areas is the Palisades located in northeastern New Jersey along the Hudson River

Most common in the winter and spring

CAUSES: Over steepening of slopes by human activity causes many

landslides in New Jersey

Road construction, cutting of trees and other vegetation on landslide –prone slopes

Land development

Mining and quarrying have made steep slopes susceptible to landslides

EFFECTS:LOSS OF HABITAT

LOSS OF TREES, FIELDS AT THE BASE OF SLOPE

LOSS OF TOPSOIL

DESTRUCTION OF HOMES

DESTRUCTION OF ROADS

LOSS OF LIFE

ECONOMIC IMPACT – COST FOR CLEANUP

PREVENTIONS: Education and knowledge, and planning are

the most valuable tools in preventing damage

Plant ground cover on slopes

Build retaining walls

In mudflow areas build channels or deflection walls to direct the flow around buildings

Landslide Warning Signs

Doors or windows begin to stick or jam New cracks begin to appear in plaster, tile, brick or foundations Outside walls, walk ways or stairs begin to pull away from the building Cracks begin to widen on the ground or on paved areas such as streets or driveways Underground utility lines begin to break The ground begins to bulge at the base of a slope Water breaks through the ground surface in new locations Fences, retaining walls, utility poles or trees begin to tilt or move

PREPARE AHEAD OF TIME Make and evacuation plan Plan at least two evacuation routes – roads may be blocked due to debris Develop an emergency communication plan Have a set place to meet back together if separated Ask an out of state relative or friend to serve as the “family contact”

Resource Page: Go to next slide for videos

Landslides - http://www.fema.gov/areyouready/landslide.shtm

http://landslides.usgs.gov/regional/inventory/newjersey/ http://www.state.nj.us/dep/njgs/enviroed/infocirc/landslides.pdf

http://www.stfrancis.edu/content/ns/bromer/earthsci/student10/index.htm

Worksheet: Landslides on the road to destruction

WINTER STORMSWINTER STORMShttp://abcnews.go.com/Video/playerIndex?id=12495587

Winter storms is an event in which dominant varieties of precipitation are formed that only occur at cold temperatures

Effects:ice can cause vegetation damage, over salting of roadways equals runoff into rivers and other water supplies leading to fish and plants dying, economic impacts, coastal flooding can increase road runoff

Heat wave

Heat Wave is an extensive slow moving air mass at a relatively high temperature.

Can cause: drought , dust storms, loss of vegetation, dried up wells, water restrictions, increase in food costs

Preventions: drink plenty of water, limit stressful activity outdoors

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EQg4kHYrZ9c

http://abcnews.go.com/US/video/california-landslide-wipes-out-road-14998170

Packet worksheet: Weather Forecasting