sweeney lake qapp - phase 1 - phase1.pdfa5.1 sweeney lake sweeney lake is a 67-acre water body...

SSwweeeenneeyy LLaakkee EExxcceessss NNuuttrriieennttss TTMMDDLL PPrroojjeecctt –– PPhhaassee 11 QQuuaalliittyy AAssssuurraannccee PPrroojjeecctt PPllaann PPrreeppaarreedd ffoorr:: BBaasssseetttt CCrreeeekk WWMMCC 44770000 WWeesstt 7777tthh SSttrreeeett,, SSuuiittee 220000 EEddiinnaa,, MMNN 5555443355

PPrreeppaarreedd bbyy::

RRooggeerr FFiisshheerr MMPPCCAA WWaatteerr QQuuaalliittyy QQAA//QQCC CCoooorrddiinnaattoorr PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee MMaannaaggeemmeenntt && QQuuaalliittyy UUnniitt

EEnnvviirroonnmmeennttaall AAnnaallyyssiiss && OOuuttccoommeess DDiivviissiioonn MMiinnnneessoottaa PPoolllluuttiioonn CCoonnttrrooll AAggeennccyy

552200 LLaaffaayyeettttee RRooaadd NNoorrtthh SStt.. PPaauull,, MMiinnnneessoottaa 5555115555--44119944

Sweeney Lake Excess Nutrients TMDL Project – Phase 1 QAPP Revision 0

May 2, 2007 of 27


May 2, 2007 of 27

A1. APPROVAL SIGNATURE PAGE By their signatures below the undersigned attest that they are familiar with the requirements of this document and agree to fulfill their responsibilities as specified herein. _____________________________________________ __________________ Len Kremer, Watershed Engineer, Basset Creek WMC Date _____________________________________________ __________________ Tim Larson, Project Manager, MPCA Date _____________________________________________ __________________ Roger Fisher, WQ QA/QC Coordinator, MPCA Date


May 2, 2007 of 27

A2. TABLE OF CONTENTS GROUP A – PROJECT MANAGEMENT

A1 APPROVAL SIGNATURE PAGE 3 A2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4

A3 DISTRIBUTION LIST 7 A4 PROJECT/TASK ORGANIZATION 7 A5 PROBLEM DEFINITION/BACKGROUND 8 A6 PROJECT/TASK DESCRIPTION 8 A7 QUALITY OBJECTIVES AND CRITERIA 9 A8 SPECIAL TRAINING/CERTIFICATIONS 12 A9 DOCUMENTATION AND RECORDS 12

GROUP B – MEASUREMENT/DATA ACQUISITION

B1 SAMPLING PROCESS DESIGN 12 B2 SAMPLING METHODS 12 B3 SAMPLE-HANDLING AND CUSTODY 13 B4 ANALYTICAL METHODS 15 B5 QUALITY CONTROL 16 B6 INSTRUMENT/EQUIPMENT TESTING, INSPECTION, AND MAINTENANCE 16 B7 INSTRUMENT/EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION AND FREQUENCY 16 B8 INSPECTION/ACCEPTANCE FOR SUPPLIES AND CONSUMABLES 17 B9 NON-DIRECT MEASUREMENTS 17 B10 DATA MANAGEMENT 17

GROUP C – ASSESSMENT/OVERSIGHT

C1 ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSE ACTIONS 18 C2 REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT 18

GROUP D – DATA VALIDATION AND USABILITY

D1 DATA REVIEW, VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION 18 D2 VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION METHODS 19 D3 RECONCILIATION WITH USER REQUIREMENTS 19


May 2, 2007 of 27

TABLES Table 1 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations 6 Table 2 Distribution List 7 Table 3 Project Personnel 7 Table 4 Sweeney Lake TMDL Project – Phase 1 Milestone Chart 9 Table 5 Laboratory and Field Measurement Parameter Objectives 9 Table 6 Three Rivers Park District Water Resources Laboratory Analytical Methods, Sample Containers, and Preservatives 12 STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES Appendix A Hand-Collected (Grab) Sampling 20 Appendix B Chlorophyll-a Field Sampling Procedures 22 Appendix C Field Sampling QA Procedures 24 Appendix D Lake Water Sampling Procedures 26


May 2, 2007 of 27

Table 1. List of Acronyms and Abbreviations APG : Analytical Products Group, Inc., Belpre, O BCWMC : Basset Creek Water Management Commission BMP : Best Management Practices DQO : Data Quality Objective DO : Dissolved Oxygen EPA : Environmental Protection Agency ERA : Environmental Resource Associates, Arvada, CO FD : Field Duplicate LIMS : Laboratory Information Management System MDH : Minnesota Department of Health MnDOT : Minnesota Department of Transportation MPCA : Minnesota Pollution Control Agency PE : Professional Engineer PM : Project Manager QA : Quality Assurance QAC : Quality Assurance Coordinator QAM : Quality Assurance Manual QAPP : Quality Assurance Project Plan QC : Quality Control RPD : Relative Percent Difference RSD : Relative Standard Deviation SB : Sampler Blank SM : Standard Methods (for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Ed.) SOP : Standard Operating Procedure STORET : STOrage and RETrieval (federal database) TMDL : Total Maximum Daily Load TP : Total Phosphorus TB : Trip Blank WQ : Water Quality


May 2, 2007 of 27

DOCUMENT CONTROL This document has been prepared according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency publication, EPA Requirements for Quality Assurance Project Plans, dated March 2001 (QA/R5). This QAPP will be reviewed annually and updated as needed. Updated versions of this QAPP will bear a new (x + 1) revision number. Lynn Nelson will assume responsibility for archiving outdated versions of this QAPP which will be kept at project headquarters. Archived versions of this QAPP will be retained for a minimum of ten years from the date of archival. GROUP A. PROJECT MANAGEMENT A3. DISTRIBUTION LIST Each person listed on the Approval Signature Page and each person listed in Table 2 will receive a copy of the final approved version of this Quality Assurance Project Plan. A copy will also be made available to other persons taking part in the project and to other interested parties. Table 2. Distribution List Name Title/Affiliation Address Phone/e-mail Len Kremer, PE Watershed Engineer, Bassett Creek

WMC 4700 W. 77th St., Suite 200, Edina, MN 55435

952.832.2600;

Ron Leaf, PE Project Manager, SEH 3535 Vadnais Center Drive, St. Paul, MN 55110

651.490.2998; [email protected]

Bernard Lenz, PE Project Technical Lead, SEH 1701 W. Knapp St., Suite B, Rice Lake, WI 54868


Jeannine Clancy Public Works Director, City of Golden Valley

7800 Golden Valley Road, Golden Valley, MN55427

763.593.8035;

Tim Larson Project Manager, MPCA, Regional Environmental Management Div.

520 Lafayette Rd. N., St. Paul, MN 55155


Roger Fisher

WQ QA/QC Coordinator, MPCA, Environmental Outcomes Division

520 Lafayette Road North, St. Paul, MN 55155-4194


A4. PROJECT/TASK ORGANIZATION Table 3. Project Personnel Name/Title Project Responsibility Len Kremer, P.E., Project Lead Project Decisions; Field and Sampling Activities;

QA/QC; Data Validation Ron Leaf, P.E., Project Manager Project Decisions; QA/QC; Data Validation Bernard Lenz, P.E., Project Technical Lead Project Decisions; MPCA Liaison Jeannine Clancy, Public Works Director Data Validation; MPCA Liaison Tim Larson, Project Manager Technical Assistance, Data Review Roger Fisher, WQ QA/QC Coordinator QA/QC Support


May 2, 2007 of 27

The MPCA QA/QC Coordinator (QAC) is independent from project staff including those that generate data. The extent of the QAC role is to assist in the writing of this QAPP and to be available to address project QA/QC problems and concerns. The QAC is not accountable to anyone directly or indirectly associated with this project. Ron Leaf is responsible for maintaining the latest official approved version of this QAPP. A5. PROBLEM DEFINITION/BACKGROUND A5.1 Sweeney Lake Sweeney Lake is a 67-acre water body within the City of Golden Valley and has a contributing drainage area of approximately 2,360 acres that is essentially fully-developed. The watershed boundaries are located primarily in Golden Valley, but also extend to portions of St. Louis Park. The City of Golden Valley’s annual pavement management program serves to repair and upgrade degraded streets including those within the Sweeney Lake watershed. The first segment of street reconstruction projects in the Sweeney Lake watershed was to identify BMPs to achieve water quality treatment improvements. This study will in part attempt to evaluate the impact on Sweeney Lake of recent MnDOT highway improvements within the watershed. MnDOT has substantial water quality monitoring data for both pre- and post-construction conditions for areas draining into Sweeney Lake that will be used in this project. In 2004, the MPCA designated Sweeney Lake impaired due to excess phosphorus. A6. PROJECT/TASK DESCRIPTION A6.1 Phase 1 Activities

• Begin Public Involvement Process to inform stakeholders of the study plans, set up mechanisms to keep stakeholders abreast of on-going work, and build creditability early.

• Begin monitoring and loading analysis to quantify the most significant source(s) of phosphorus and attribute the portion of the total in-lake phosphorus mass to those sources.

• Model watershed Best Management Implementation scenarios to determine the expected impact on lake loading

• Begin response modeling of Sweeney Lake to evaluate the likely impact of changes in loading rates on the in-lake water quality.

A6.2 Phase 1 Objectives A6.2.1 Collect Existing Data The project will use existing relevant data that meets TMDL quality standards. A summary memorandum identifying data available and any gaps/additional data needs necessary to


May 2, 2007 of 27

complete the TMDL will be submitted to the MPCA. A6.2.2 Nutrient Loading Analysis The TMDL study requires all significant sources of nutrient loading to be evaluated. External loading sources including stormwater run-off, direct overland flow, and groundwater contributions will be monitored and/or estimated. In addition, in-lake water column monitoring will track the nutrient mass balance change in the lake and allow the limnologist to calculate the change in total mass of phosphorus in the lake. Table 4. Sweeney Lake TMDL Project – Phase 1 Milestone Chart

Tasks April May June July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Collect Water Samples for Laboratory Analysis

● ● ● ● ● ●

Conduct Ambient Water Quality Analysis

● ● ● ● ●

●

Lab Analysis ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

Data Review, Analysis, and Interpretation

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

A7. QUALITY OBJECTIVES AND CRITERIA A7.1 Sweeney Lake Monitoring A multi-parameter probe will be used to determine profiles of the Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, and pH at two locations within the lake, one location in each of the north and south deeper basins. Monitoring will be conducted on a biweekly basis for a period of up to 22 weeks starting in mid-to-late April and ending in September of 2007. Additional parameters of Conductivity and Oxidation Reduction Potential should be collected, if available, on the multi-parameter probe. Monthly Phosphorus samples will be collected and include a top integrated sample, a sample near the lake sediment interface, and multiple samples at discrete intervals in the water column. For this scope we have estimated that 72 samples will be taken (4 each biweekly at each of the two monitoring locations for 22 weeks). Additionally, Total Chlorophyll and Total Nitrogen will be analyzed from the top integrated samples. Samples will be sent to a certified lab for analysis. Table 5. Laboratory and Field Measurement Parameter Objectives Parameter Precision

(% RPD) Range Reporting

Limits Units Holding Times

Total Nitrogen 30% 0.05 – 5 0.05 mg/L 28 D

Total Phosphorus

30% 0.025 – 3 0.003 mg/L 28 D


May 2, 2007 of 27

Total Chlorophyll

30% 0.5 – 150 1 µg/L 28 D

Dissolved Oxygen†

[0.1 mg/L] 0.5 – 14 --- mg/L ---

pH† [0.3 Units] 7 – 9 --- Standard Units

---

Temperature† [0.3°C] 0 – 25 --- °C ---

Specific Conductance†

20% 100 – 2,000 0.2 µS/cm ---

Oxidation Reduction Potential†

30%

±1,400

1

mV

---

†Field Measurement

In addition to laboratory analysis of Total Nitrogen, Total Phosphorus, and Total Chlorophyll, Barr Engineering staff will collect nine additional samples during 2007 for Zooplankton and Phytoplankton analysis.

A7.2 Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) Virtually all environmental data are only approximations of the true values of the parameters measured. These estimates are affected by the variability of the medium being sampled and by random and systematic errors introduced during the sampling and analytical procedures. Data Quality Objectives (DQOs) are qualitative or quantitative statements of:

• Precision (a measure of random error) • Bias (a measure of systematic error) • Accuracy • Representativeness • Completeness, • Comparability, and • Sensitivity

The DQOs must be defined in the context of project requirements and objectives not the test method capabilities. Precision – This quality element measures how much two or more data values are in agreement with each other. Precision is discussed in the introductory chapter of Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th Edition, 1998. Field sampling precision is determined by using field split samples or field duplicate samples. Laboratory analytical precision is determined by comparing the results of split samples, duplicate samples, and duplicate spike samples.


May 2, 2007 of 27

Sampling and/or analytical precision may be determined from split or duplicate samples by calculating the Relative Percent Difference (RPD) as follows:

RPD = (A – B) ÷ ((A + B) / 2) x 100 where A is the larger of the two duplicate sample values and B is the smaller value. Where three or more replicate samples or measurements have been taken, calculate the Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) instead of the RPD as follows:

RSD = (s/χ) x 100 Where s is the standard deviation of the replicate values and χ is the mean of the replicate values. Bias – This expresses the degree to which a measured value agrees with or differs from an accepted reference (standard) value due to systematic errors. Field bias should be assessed by use of field blanks and trip blanks. Adherence to proper sample handling, preservation, and holding time protocols will help minimize field bias. Since the sampling method for all sampling will be grab sampling, no field blanks (sampler blanks) will be taken. Trip blanks are taken only for VOC sampling which is not a parameter to be measured by this project. Thus bias due to field activities will not be determined. However, laboratory bias will be determined as part of its internal quality control. Bias effects that fall outside the laboratory’s acceptance limits will be flagged. Accuracy – This expresses the degree to which an observed (measured) value agrees with an accepted reference standard (certified sample value) or differs from it due to systematic errors. Completeness – Expressed as the number of valid (usable) data points made to the total number of measurements expected according to the original sampling plan. Percent completeness is determined separately for each parameter and is calculated as follows:

% Completeness = (no. of usable data points ÷ no. of planned data points) x 100 High or low water levels may reduce the number of samples that can be taken. This may be compensated for by scheduling additional sampling events or sampling as near to the original sampling site as possible. Any such variances to the established sampling protocol will be thoroughly documented. Resulting data will also be qualified to reflect this. Representativeness – This expresses the degree to which data accurately and precisely represents parameter variations at a sampling point, or of a process or environmental condition. Representativeness of field data are dependent upon proper sampling program design and is maximized by following the sampling plan, using proper sampling protocols, and observing sample holding times.


May 2, 2007 of 27

Data will also be compared to historical project data and to current and historical data generated by other organizations Comparability – This represents the level of confidence with which the project data set can be compared to other data. Indicate the steps to be taken to ensure the comparability of field measurements and laboratory analyses. Comparability is dependent upon establishing similar QA objectives for the sets being compared and is achieved by using similar sampling and analytical methods. Sensitivity – For laboratory analyses this represents the lowest level of analyte that can be reliably detected by the laboratory analytical method. For field measurements this represents the lowest level of analyte the field analytical method or meter can reliably detect. Table 6. Three Rivers Park District Water Resources Laboratory Analytical Methods, Sample Containers, and Preservatives Parameter Sample

Quantity Sample Container

Preservative Holding Time

Analytical Method

Total Phosphorus

100 mL Plastic H2SO4, Cool to 4°C

28 D SM 4500-P E

Total Nitrogen 500 mL Plastic H2SO4, Cool to 4°C

28 D SM 4500-NH3 G, NO2

- B, NO3- F,

Norg C Total

Chlorophyll 1 L Amber glass Cool to 4°C 28 D SM 10200 H

A8. SPECIAL TRAINING/CERTIFICATION Len Kremer, Ron Leaf, and Bernard Lenz are certified professional engineers. A9. DOCUMENTATION AND RECORDS All versions of the QAPP are retained in the Bassett Creek Watershed Management Commission office. Project staff retain sampling sheets for five years following project completion. Project data are entered into STORET by MPCA staff. Sampling sheets are completed on-site at the time of sampling. GROUP B. DATA GENERATION AND ACQUISITION B1. SAMPLING PROCESS DESIGN MPCA staff in consultation with project partners developed the sampling plan. Water chemistry samples and field parameter data are collected and used to monitor project effectiveness. Environmental data gathered during the project are considered a snapshot of


May 2, 2007 of 27

current water quality conditions. Long-term monitoring is needed to determine water quality improvements. B2. SAMPLING METHODS All field work for this project, including collection of water samples and delivery of water samples within the required time frame to Three Rivers Park District Water Resources Laboratory, are conducted by Bassett Creek WMC staff. A certified laboratory conducts all water sample analyses. This QAPP supports the laboratory’s QAM and SOPs and is specific for the Sweeney Lake Excess Nutrients TMDL Project – Phase 1. Field duplicates and sampler blanks each comprise 10% of all samples collected for laboratory analysis. All samples are transferred from sample collection devices to pre-cleaned polyethylene or glass bottles. Bacteriological samples are collected in sterile glass, polypropylene, or polycarbonate vessels. Bassett Creek WMC staff are responsible for collection and transport of the samples to Three Rivers Park District Water Resources Laboratory which provides the pre-cleaned bottles. In-Lake Monitoring A multi-parameter probe (HydroLab or comparable instrument) will be used to determine profiles of the dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH at two locations within the lake, one location in each of the north and south deeper basins. Monitoring will be conducted on a biweekly basis for a period of up to 22 weeks starting in mid-to-late April and ending in September of 2007. (Additional parameters of Conductivity and oxidation reduction potential should be collected if available on the multi-parameter probe.) Monthly phosphorus samples will be collected and include a top integrated sample, a sample near the lake sediment interface, and multiple samples at discrete intervals in the water column. For this scope we have estimated that 72 samples will be taken (4 each biweekly at each of the two monitoring locations for 22 weeks). Additionally, total chlorophyll and total nitrogen will be analyzed from the top integrated samples. Samples will be sent to a certified lab for analysis. Any field equipment malfunction will be documented on the field sampling sheet. Samples for Total Chlorophyll are collected in 1-L amber bottles. All sample bottles are labeled. The labels contain sample description, location, date, time, and type of handling information. All water samples are placed immediately into an ice chest. Bassett Creek WMC staff transport all samples to the contract laboratory in a timely manner so that maximum sample holding times are observed. Grab Samples Water quality samples are collected using clean polyethylene bottles of appropriate size to provide the laboratory with sufficient sample to perform the requested analyses and reanalysis, if necessary. All samples are preserved as required, labeled with a unique identifier, and placed in a cooler on ice. Sample information is logged on field data sheets.


May 2, 2007 of 27

Grab sampling is conducted using the container type and size appropriate for each particular analysis. The grab sample is stored and transported in a clean, labeled container. The clean container supplied by the analyzing laboratory is not rinsed before the sample is collected. B3. SAMPLE HANDLING AND CUSTODY Bassett Creek WMC staff will serve as field sample custodians and keeps records of all samples taken by field personnel. Sample bottles are labeled with bottle number, site identification, and date. They are sealed tightly and packed in a cooler on ice at the sampling location. The field record includes project name, sampler’s signature, unique station identification number, sample number, parameters for laboratory analysis, matrix, number and size of containers, and date and time. All laboratory samples are delivered to Three Rivers Park District Water Resources Laboratory within 24 hours of collection. Coolers containing samples that required ice preservation are checked periodically to ensure samples remained adequately iced so sample temperatures did not vary from 4°C ± 2°C. Information on field conditions, such as the weather, deviations from written procedures, operating condition of the equipment, and other unusual occurrences are also recorded for each sampling event. Laboratory Sample Handling Sample containers are provided by the laboratory. Container cleanliness is verified by QA/QC procedures as specified in the laboratory’s QAM and SOPs. The laboratory verified sample bottle cleanliness is by running a specified number of bottle blanks on each shipment received and on each batch of sample bottles following laboratory cleaning and sterilization. A preservative is added to specific bottles, as required, or accompanies the bottles in a separate container. Preservatives used and their volumes and concentrations are specified in the laboratory QAM. Temperature blanks are included in the coolers provided by the laboratory to verify whether the appropriate sample temperature of 4°C ± 2°C has been maintained. Upon arrival at the laboratory, the condition of the samples is determined. The samples are checked for leaks and appropriate preservation and the temperature taken. The information is recorded on the sample identification sheet. The sample identification sheet information is then compared to the information on the sample bottles and any discrepancies are noted. The samples are then logged into the Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS). They are assigned two identification numbers, a work order number and a unique laboratory number. The samples were then stored in the appropriate area as determined by required storage temperature, matrix, and analyses required. The laboratory sample storage areas are monitored daily. Samples are tracked using LIMS. Any problems encountered are reported to the client. An analytical report is printed out. The samples are held until their holding time has expired or until 30 days after completion of the analysis. Samples are then disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner. Samples are returned to the client if requested. Water samples that are


May 2, 2007 of 27

environmentally safe are disposed into the local sanitation system. Samples that contain hazardous waste may be returned to the client for proper disposal. Analytical Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) are part of the laboratory QAM. Field Information Sheets Field data sheets are the primary method for documenting most stream monitoring field activities. These sheets served as an initial record of any field measurements and weather conditions at the time of sampling. Field Notes Field notes are used to document important information during sampling events. They are entered into a bound notebook with waterproof pages. Entries are made using pens with indelible ink. The field notebooks becomes part of the project data and is retained with the analytical data hard copies and other project documents. Sample Labeling Each sample container has a label attached which is filled out in its entirety. Sample containers without labels or labels that are missing information are not, as per laboratory policy, accepted by the laboratory. The sample label includes the water body code or name, the site number, the date, and time of sample collection. Sample Shipping All samples are packed in an ice-filled cooler for transport to the laboratory. Samples are generally transported within 24 hours of collection. B4. ANALYTICAL METHODS Analytical protocols are found in the Three Rivers Park District Water Resources Laboratory QA/QC Manual and SOPs. Analytical accuracy is routinely checked by the laboratory’s analysis of standard certified reference analytes. Laboratory analytical methods are listed in Table 6. All raw data generated in the laboratory are recorded in bound notebooks, on project specific raw data sheets, Three Rivers Park District Water Resources Laboratory custom logbooks, or as an instrument printout. This data includes sample numbers, calibration data, calculations, results, analyst notes and observations, quality control data, date of analysis, and initials of the analyst. Completed notebooks are returned to the Quality Assurance Unit where they are archived. Chromatograms, graphs, and strip charts are kept with the laboratory raw data. All items are labeled, dated and signed by the analyst. When completed, the data are integrated into a final report.


May 2, 2007 of 27

For out-of-control situations, a corrective action plan is in place. The initial action is to repeat the analyses of the samples bracketed by the unacceptable quality control sample. Replication of unacceptable results are investigated as a matrix effect by reviewing blank spikes or laboratory knowns. If the quality control samples are still unacceptable, the entire process is repeated. This includes sample preparation or extraction. If re-analysis is not possible due to the sample being past holding times or sample quantity is insufficient, documentation of the situation will be added to the raw data. In these cases, the client is notified and the report flagged. B5. QUALITY CONTROL Where applicable, internal reference standards will be analyzed and recorded with each sample run. External reference standards and standard reference material obtained from ERA, APG, or another approved provider will also be used. All stock standard solutions will be properly labeled, stored, and expiration dates visibly recorded on the label. The measured data for the certified standards must fall within the specified range as given by the provider or corrective action will be taken. The Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) certifies Three Rivers Park District Water Resources Laboratory. As such the laboratory is subject to audit by MDH and MPCA. One field QC grab sample duplicate for laboratory analysis is collected at the sampling site for every ten like samples taken. The field duplicate for laboratory analysis is collected to determine sampling and laboratory analytical precision. If QC samples revealed a sampling or analytical problem, field and laboratory personnel attempt to identify the cause. Upon working out a plausible solution, personnel take necessary steps to ensure that similar problems do not arise during future sampling events. If possible the sampling event is repeated. As per laboratory protocol, suspect data are flagged or qualified depending upon the nature and extent of the problem. Three Rivers Park District Water Resources Laboratory implements specific QA/QC methods and procedures for dealing with out-of-control situations. These are documented in Three Rivers Park District Water Resources Laboratory QAM and SOPs, copies of which are maintained on file at MPCA and available for consultation and review upon request. B6. INSTRUMENT/EQUIPMENT TESTING, INSPECTION, AND MAINTENANCE A multi-parameter probe will be used to determine profiles of the dissolved oxygen, temperature, and pH at two locations within the lake. It will be inspected and tested each sampling day prior to its use in the field. Steps are taken to fix any instrument problems noted during testing. If any problems cannot be resolved the instrument is taken out of service and a substitute instrument is used. pH buffer solutions are replaced with fresh solutions before the buffer solution expiration date. Batteries for all meters are routinely checked and replaced when meters showed power-


May 2, 2007 of 27

related problems. Spare batteries for all instruments are taken on all sampling trips. All maintenance procedures are documented in the meter maintenance logs or the field notebook. B7. INSTRUMENT/EQUIPMENT CALIBRATION AND FREQUENCY The multi-parameter probe will be calibrated each sampling day prior to its use in the field. Instrument calibration is checked periodically throughout the sampling day and recalibrated if necessary. All instrument calibration checks and procedures are documented on the instrument maintenance log or in the field notebook. B8. INSPECTION/ACCEPTANCE OF SUPPLIES AND CONSUMABLES Supplies and consumables used during this project include all or some of the following: paper supplies, gloves, deionized water, batteries, probe filling solutions, probe membranes, buffer solutions, specific conductance standard solution, sample filters, and Petri dishes. Supplies and consumables are purchased only from reputable and reliable suppliers and inspected for usability upon receipt and are checked regularly for continued usability. B9. DATA ACQUISITION REQUIREMENTS (NON-DIRECT MEASUREMENTS) Bassett Creek WMC and SEH staff review historical water quality data collected by previous assessment projects and used the data for comparative purposes with the data from this project. Modeling is also used in this project to determine nutrient transport and loading. An existing P8 model will be updated and calibrated with the monitored loading data. The P8 model will be calibrated using flow and water quality (phosphorus) data that were collected by the Minnesota Department of Transportation at the inlet to Sweeny Lake. The P8 model for the Sweeney Lake watershed was created in support of the development of a watershed and lake management plan for Sweeney Lake (Barr Engineering 1994). The potential load reductions calculated by the P8 model will be put into the calibrated BATHTUB model to determine the expected response of Sweeney Lake. This process allows for the evaluation of the direct effect of a specific BMP on Sweeney Lake’s water quality and will be used in developing an implementation plan for the watershed wide load reduction required by the TMDL. Annual groundwater inflows to Sweeney Lake will be calculated for normal precipitation and average groundwater levels and 2007 precipitation and groundwater levels using the regional MODFLOW groundwater model that was developed for the Golden Valley, New Hope Crystal Joint Water Commission. B10. DATA MANAGEMENT Bassett Creek WMC staff are responsible for completing the field data sheets. This information is entered into a spreadsheet or database and archived. Laboratory results are entered into a computer database and/or spreadsheet which is maintained by Bassett Creek WMC staff who


May 2, 2007 of 27

also assists with data maintenance, reduction, and transmittal. The Project Manager also reviews all data prior to its approved entry into STORET. Quality assurance data sheet checks include scanning for apparent entry errors, measurement errors, and omissions. Suspect data are flagged and/or excluded from use. Data may be presented in table, graph, and chart format. Unusual data are rechecked to verify its accuracy. The data are then entered into STORET by MPCA data entry personnel. GROUP C: ASSESSMENT AND OVERSIGHT C1. ASSESSMENT AND RESPONSE ACTIONS Bassett Creek WMC staff are responsible for all field activities, reviewing the data, reporting to the group on findings, and forwarding all data to the appropriate state regulatory agency for inspection and input into STORET. She oversees and assesses all field sampling and data collection. The MPCA Project Manager and QA staff are also authorized to oversee field activities during this project. The MPCA Project Manager and WQ QA/QC Coordinator are also authorized to follow up on sampling activities during the project. C2. REPORTS TO MANAGEMENT Semi-Annual summary reports on the project’s progress will be provided to the MPCA by February 1st and August 1st first of each year throughout the duration of the project. These reports will include a description of completed or ongoing tasks and preliminary findings. Water quality data will be submitted to the MPCA in a format which will enable their entry into the MPCA’s STORET data base. A draft report of project findings will be prepared for the MPCA and shared with all involved watershed districts, local resource managers, and other involved parties. GROUP D: DATA VALIDATION AND USABILITY D1. DATA REVIEW, VERIFICATION, AND VALIDATION All raw data are transcribed to the data transmittal form and stored in a binder-type notebook. Where applicable, the data is organized electronically and filed in the MPCA STORET database. Statistical analyses on replicate samples are recorded so that the degree of certainty can be estimated. All data are reviewed by Tim Larson, Len Kremer, and SEH staff and signed by the analyst. Copies of the data transmittal form and all pertinent records of calibration, standardization, and maintenance will be archived. All laboratory analytical results are cross-checked against the field notebook and sample tags to ensure that the raw, computer-generated summary of the laboratory analyses are assigned to the


May 2, 2007 of 27

correct sampling stations. All analytical results are compared to the field sheets to ensure that the data are complete. Field data and field QC sample sets are reviewed by Tim Larson, Len Kremer, and SEH staff to determine if the data meets the DQO and QAPP objectives. In addition, Tim Larson, MPCA Project Manager, assists in the data review. Data is examined and outliers identified through statistical analysis. Decisions to reject or qualify data are made by Tim Larson, Len Kremer, and SEH staff. D2. VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION METHODS Project staff follow the EPA Guidance on Environmental Verification and Validation (EPA QA/G-8) whereby the data is reviewed and accepted or qualified by project and/or MPCA staff. D3. RECONCILIATION WITH USER REQUIREMENTS Within 48 hours of receipt of results of each sampling event, calculations and determinations of precision, completeness, and accuracy are made and corrective action implemented, if needed. If data quality does not meet project specifications, the deficient data is flagged or discarded and the cause of failure evaluated. Any limitations on data use are detailed in the project reports and other documentation. Project data is compared to historic data and is also used as complimentary data for other monitoring efforts within the basin. For the data to be considered valid, data collection procedures, the handling of samples, and data analysis must be monitored for compliance with all the requirements described in this QAPP. Data is flagged and qualified if there is evidence of habitual violations of the procedures described in this QAPP. Any limitations placed on the data are reported to the data end user in narrative form.


May 2, 2007 of 27

Appendix A Hand-Collected (Grab) Sampling

Standard Methods for Collection Water is collected at the sampling point using one of the following methods depending upon physical accessibility:

• Triple sampler (MPCA design) • Remote grab sampler (MPCA design - 2-liter Nalgene bottle clamped to a telescoping

pole) • Sample bottle dip while wading • Sample bottle dip through hole cut in ice

Follow bottle rinse and preservation methods as directed by the analyzing laboratory. The Minnesota Department of Health recommends that its bottles not be rinsed before sample collection. MDH sample bottles are pre-cleaned, disposable. Also, each lot is sampled for cleanliness as part of MDH’s QA/QC Program. Repeat-use sampling equipment chambers that contact sample water should be rinsed thoroughly with sample water three times before water is collected to transfer to sample containers. When grab sampling is suitable, samples should be collected along the sample site cross-section. Sample at a point that best represents the water quality of the total flow at the cross section. Avoid sampling points that are poorly mixed or affected by local temporary conditions such as ponding across part of the stream width, obviously disproportionate sediment load, or backwater conditions. If a site is poorly mixed across the stream, integrated sample across the stream width should be used, or another site should be chosen that is well mixed across the stream width. Collect the sample at a middle depth in the water column without disturbing stream bed sediments or collecting floating materials from the surface. When grab sampling, the bottle should be lowered mouth down to the middle depth below the water surface then turned upward to collect the sample. Always stand downstream of the sampling point to avoid contaminating the sample. During ice conditions, keep ice and snow out of the sampling hole cut in the ice. SAFETY FIRST! If wading, as a general rule, if stream depth (in feet) multiplied by its velocity (feet/second) is greater than your height (in feet), then DO NOT WADE!

(Stream Depth) [ft.] x Stream Velocity [ft./sec.] > your height [ft.] = Do Not Wade! Preserving Sample Cleanliness Keep the rope, used to lower the sampler, coiled inside of a bucket. While pulling the sampler up, constantly recoil the rope into the bucket. This keeps the rope from being contaminated by substances from the bridge deck.


May 2, 2007 of 27

When lowering and raising the sampler do not let the rope rub against the side of the bridge. Such rubbing knocks material from the bridge into the sampler, and can contaminate the sample. Safety When Sampling From a Bridge If you are in traffic wear a traffic safety vest. Carry a white bucket to increase your visibility. If visibility is low, set a blinking warning light next to you while you are collecting the sample. If you are on a Warner truss or similar bridge and it is a sunny day, also use a warning light. Place the light in one of the shadows. The shadows of the truss work on the bridge deck will cause optical confusion for approaching drivers and will hide your presence.


May 2, 2007 of 27

Appendix B Chlorophyll-a Field Sampling Procedure

Collect chlorophyll-a samples with a two meter depth-integrated sampler. Discharge the collected sample into a 2-L general chemistry bottle. If depth is less than two meters, collect a grab sample by inverting the 2-L general chemistry bottle to elbow depth. Sample bottles should be immediately placed in a cooler (cool to 4°C) and kept out of the sunlight. Indicate on the field sheet that a sample was collected for chlorophyll-a analysis. Preferably, filtering should take place as soon as possible after sample collection. Filtering within 1 – 2 days is considered acceptable if samples are kept at 4ºC and out of sunlight. Portable equipment facilitates this procedure on shore, in a motel, or back at the MPCA Field Operations Center. Set up filtering equipment. This includes placing a filter (Gelman Type A/E, 47 mm, glass-fiber) on the funnel base with a forceps and twisting on the funnel (check if filter is on properly). Do NOT touch the filter with your fingers (acid contamination). The funnel drains into a vacuum flask. Shake the sample container well. Measure out a known quantity of sample in a graduated cylinder (50 – 1,000 mL) depending on the observed turbidity (algae and solids). The turbidity can be inferred from the Secchi disk or Transparency Tube readings. If the sample is highly turbid with sediment, filter a smaller amount of sample so the filtering is not stopped or significantly slowed down. For rivers, volumes between 50 – 200 mL would be typical. Pour sample into filter funnel and use the hand vacuum pump to pull the sample through the filter. Filter enough sample so the filter is a light green color. If the filter plugs up, discard the remaining sample in the funnel and discard the filter paper. Rinse the funnel and filter holder with distilled water. Replace with a new filter and use a smaller volume of water. Shake the sample bottle again before pouring the new sample.

After sample has been filtered, use a squirt bottle (deionized/distilled water) to wash down any algae that may be clinging to the side of the funnel. Continue filtering until filter is dry. Remove the filter funnel and release the vacuum.

Fold filter in half with forceps (do not touch with fingers) and place in the Petri dish.

Close the Petri dish and write the following information on it with a permanent marker.

• Lake name and ID number • Site location • Date • Amount filtered

Wrap Petri dishes with aluminum foil immediately after filtering and place in a cooler with plenty of ice. When shipping the samples directly to the laboratory, place the Petri dishes in a Ziplock plastic bag and place them in a cooler with ice. Be sure there is enough ice for the samples to arrive at the laboratory still thoroughly chilled (4ºC - 6ºC). Filters must remain, cold, dark, and dry.


May 2, 2007 of 27

Dry ice may be used in the cooler in place of regular ice. The cooler should contain 5 – 15 lbs. of dry ice, depending on the duration of the sampling trip, distance to the laboratory, sample

shipping method, and ambient temperature.


May 2, 2007 of 27

Appendix C Field Sampling QA Procedures

The Sampler Blank

A sampler blank, also commonly referred to as a rinsate blank or equipment blank, is a sample of distilled or de-ionized water that is used to rinse the sampling device and collected for analysis. Before collecting the sampler blank clean the sampling device in the same manner that is used to clean it between regular sampling events. For example, if the sampling device is cleaned with detergent and rinse with de-ionized water, use this same cleaning procedure and collect a portion of the final de-ionized water rinse for the sampler blank. If the sampling device is triple-rinsed with sample water (e.g., stream or lake water) between sampling events, use de-ionized water instead of sample water for the final rinse and collect a portion of it for the sampler blank. Shake or pour as much of the stream of lake rinse water from the sampling device as possible before conducting the final de-ionized water rinse. Do not use a paper or cloth wipe to dry the sampling device surface that comes in contact with the water sample since this may cause sampler contamination. Also avoid touching the sampler surface that comes in contact with the sample water. To collect the sampler blank, pour a portion of de-ionized water into the sampling device and swirl so that the water contacts all surfaces that come in contact with the sample water during routine sampling. Pour a portion of the de-ionized water into a sample bottle. The sampler blank is a Quality Control (QC) sample that assesses the effectiveness of the sampling device cleaning procedure. For all environmental monitoring conducted in support of MPCA programs, 10% of the samples taken by use of a sampling device must be sampler blanks. When planning your monitoring activities for the season ensure that 10% of the samples taken with a sampling device for the entire season are sampler blanks. It is not necessary to take a sampler blank QC sample at each sampling site. The monitoring plan should specify that every tenth sample taken with a sampling device be a sampler blank QC sample regardless of the site where every tenth sampling event occurs. The Trip Blank The trip blank is generally taken only when collecting samples for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) analysis. The trip blank is a sample bottle containing laboratory reagent water that is obtained from the analyzing laboratory and is carried unopened in the cooler during the entire sampling trip. The trip blank also contains the same preservative(s), if any, as the regular VOC sample. The trip blank is a Quality Control (QC) sample and must be carried along on each VOC sampling trip. Some VOCs can actually penetrate the wall of the unopened trip blank bottle and contaminate the reagent water within. The trip blank is analyzed to determine if this has occurred and to identify the contaminating VOC(s) and to determine its/their concentration(s).


May 2, 2007 of 27

The Field Duplicate A field duplicate is a second grab sample taken immediately after a first grab sample and is taken in the exact same location as the first. The field duplicate is a Quality Control (QC) sample that assesses the temporal variability of the matrix being sampled and to some extent the sampler’s sampling precision and the laboratory analyst’s analytical precision. For all environmental monitoring conducted in support of MPCA programs, 10% of the grab samples taken must be field duplicate samples. When planning your monitoring activities for the season ensure that 10% of the grab samples taken for the entire season are field duplicates. It is not necessary to take a field duplicate QC sample at each sampling site. The monitoring plan should specify that every tenth grab sample taken be a field duplicate QC sample regardless of the site where every tenth sampling event occurs. The Split Sample A split sample is a sample that is obtained by subdividing an environmental sample into two or more sub-samples. When taking a split sample ensure that the original sample is thoroughly mixed so that the sub-samples are as alike as possible. By submitting the split samples together to the same laboratory, split samples may be used to assess a laboratory analyst’s analytical precision (inter-lab variability). By submitting the split samples to different laboratories for analysis, split samples may be used to assess two or more laboratories’ analytical precision (intra-lab variability). Although the split sample is a QC sample, it is not a requirement for environmental monitoring conducted in support of MPCA programs. This is to say that the split sample, when taken, is done so at the discretion of the sampler. The Lab Sheet The MPCA lab sheet is a multi-copy form that contains the environmental sample data. A copy accompanies the samples submitted to the laboratory for analysis. The lab sheet has a row entitled ‘QA’. If you are submitting a QA sample, enter the QA sample type in this row and enter the relevant requested information in the sample column. If the sample is not a QA sample, e.g., it is a routine environmental sample, leave the ‘QA’ row blank. Identify the QA samples on the lab sheet using the following QA codes:

FD = field duplicate SB = sampler blank TB = trip blank The sampler blank (SB) and the field duplicate (FD) samples will have the same identifying information as the sample with which they are associated. Thus the only way for the laboratory to identify a SB or FD QA sample is by entering the QA code in the ‘QA’ row. A trip blank is associated with the entire sampling trip thus will not have this type of identifying information. For a trip blank enter the date and QA code only.


May 2, 2007 of 27

Appendix D Lake Water Sampling Procedures

Recording Field Data A field data sheet will be filled out at each location. Sampling personnel will label the sheet with site identification information, the time sampling began and other needed background information. They will also enter observations such as ambient weather conditions and specific data such as readings from field water-quality instrumentation to complete the blanks on the data sheet. When the field water-quality instrumentation is equipped with automated data recording and storage capabilities, a selected few readings will nonetheless be recorded on the field data sheet as a back up to electronically stored data. The time that electronic data storage began will be recorded on the sheet to insure that the electronic files can later be associated with the correct sampling site. Secchi Disk Measurement A Secchi disk will be lowered on the “shady” side of the boat to a depth at which the Secchi disk is still just barely visible. The observer will repeatedly lower the Secchi disk to a depth just too deep to see and then raise the disk to a depth where it can just barely be seen until the observer is confident of the correct depth. The observer will record the maximum depth below the lake surface that the Secchi disk can positively be seen. The measurement will be recorded to the nearest tenth of a meter. Water Sampling Sample Container Types - Sample container names apply to the following groups of analytical parameters: • Nutrients. Analysis will include analysis for total phosphorous, nitrate and nitrite nitrogen.

A 250 ml plastic bottle will be used for this sample. Approximately 5 ml of a 10% H2SO4 (sulfuric acid preservative) solution will be added to the container immediately after the sample is collected.

• General Chemistry. Analysis will include analysis for total suspended solids, turbidity and color. A 1-L plastic bottle will be used for this sample

• Chlorophyll a. Analysis will include a sample to be later filtered through a 0.45 micron pore-size filter until the filter appears green for a quantitative evaluation of chlorophyll concentration. A 2-L plastic bottle will be used for this sample.

• Algae. Analysis will be carried out from water collected in the same 2-L plastic bottle used for chlorophyll-a analysis. Without filtering the sample, water for algae analysis will be poured into a 100-mL glass bottle and preserved with 1-mL of Lugol’s iodine solution.

• Metals. Analysis may include analysis for calcium, magnesium sodium, potassium or analytes. A 500-mL plastic bottle will be used for this sample. Approximately 4-mL of a 20% HNO3 (nitric acid preservative) will be added to the container immediately after the sample is collected.


May 2, 2007 of 27

Labeling of Sample Containers Before collecting samples, sample containers will be labeled with a water proof pen. All sample containers will be labeled with the lake number and the site number. Samples for analysis at a non-MPCA laboratory will also be labeled with the type of analysis required, the date, sampling depth and the sampling personnel’s name and organization. Collection of Water Samples Nutrients, General Chemistry, Chlorophyll-a, and Algae If the lake depth at the sampling point is less than 2.5 m, samples will be collected from a depth equal to the distance from the sampling personnel’s elbow to their hand using a two-liter plastic bottle. If the lake depth at the sampling point is greater than 2.5 m, a two-meter integrated sample will be collected from 0 – 2 m. The integrated sample will then be transferred to a two-liter plastic bottle. Portions of the two-liter sample will then be transferred immediately into (1) a 250-mL plastic (linear polyethylene) bottle for nutrients analysis and (2) a 1-L plastic bottle for general chemistry analysis. Immediately after sample collection, approximately 5 mL of 10% sulfuric acid preservative solution will be added to the nutrients bottle. A second two-meter integrated sample will be collected from 0 – 2 m depth and transferred to a 2-L plastic bottle. This sample will be kept for chlorophyll-a and algae analysis. Zooplankton If the lake depth at the sampling point is greater than seven m, the zooplankton sampler will be lowered vertically to a depth of seven m and pulled upward through seven m of water column to collect the water sample. If the lake depth at the sampling point is less than seven m, the zooplankton sampler will be deployed horizontally and pulled horizontally through five m of horizontal water column. After retrieving the zooplankton sampler, the outflow control will be rotated to release the sample residing in the sample collection filter cartridge through the sample outlet and the sample will be collected in a 100 mL clear glass bottle. Immediately after sample collection, the sample will be visually inspected. The concentration and type of zooplankton observed will be recorded on the field data sheet. The data sheet will provide a number of descriptive categories for the observer to choose from. The observer will place a check mark across from the most appropriate category. Deep Sample for Nutrients Using Kemmerer Sampler If the lake depth at the sampling point is greater than approximately ten m, additional samples may be collected at various depths.

sweeney lake qapp - phase 1 - phase1.pdfa5.1 sweeney lake sweeney lake is a 67-acre water body...

Documents