swine flu outbreak h3n2
DESCRIPTION
Swine flu outbreak H3N2TRANSCRIPT
SWINE FLU OUTBREAKS H1N1 TO H3N2
AN UPDATE
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
Dr.T.V.Rao MD 1
What is Swine influenza
•Swine influenza (also called
H1N1 flu, swine flu, hog flu, and
pig flu) is an infection by any one
of several types of swine influenza
virus. Swine influenza virus (SIV)
is any strain of the influenza family
of viruses that is endemic in pigs
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SWINE FLU •2009 swine flu outbreak is the epidemic spread of a new strain of influenza virus that was clinically identified in April 2009 The new virus strain is a type of influenza A (H1N1) virus, commonly called the swine flu. The outbreak has also been called the H1N1 influenza, 2009 H1N1 flu, Mexican flu, or swine-origin influenza.
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Out breaks among Pigs
• Outbreaks among pigs normally occur in colder weather months (late fall and winter) and sometimes with the introduction of new pigs into susceptible herds. Studies have shown that the swine flu H1N1 is common throughout pig populations worldwide, with 25 % of animals showing antibody evidence of infection.
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Swine Flu A Global Concern
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H1 and N1 kills many
• Between 2009 and
mid-2010, more than
17,000 people died
worldwide from the
highly contagious
H1N1 swine flu strain,
leading the World
Health Organization to
call the strain a
pandemic.
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How man is exposed
• Most commonly, these cases occur in persons with direct exposure to pigs (e.g. children near pigs at a fair or workers in the swine industry). In addition, there have been documented cases of one person spreading swine flu to others.
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WHO alerts it as Phase 5
• WHO to change its
pandemic alert
phase to "Phase 5",
which is defined as
"...human-to-human
spread of the virus
into at least two
countries in one
WHO region
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Swine flu –
A Acute respiratory infection • Swine flu is an infection caused by a virus. It's named for a virus that pigs can get. People do not normally get swine flu, but human infections can and do happen. The virus is contagious and can spread from human to human. Symptoms of swine flu in people are similar to the symptoms of regular human flu and include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and fatigue.
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A New Strain of Influenza Virus
•The virus responsible was clinically identified as a new strain on April 24, 2009
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Dr.T.V.Rao MD 11
Swine flu spreads through Respiratory route
• The main way that
influenza viruses
are thought to
spread is from
person to person in
respiratory droplets
of coughs and
sneezes.
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Swine flu can begin with
•Fever
with Sudden
symptoms of
•Aches
•Chills
•Tiredness
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May Preset with more severe
symptoms • Fever (usually high)
• Headache
• Muscle aches
• Chills
• Extreme tiredness
• Dry cough
• Runny nose may also occur but is more common in children than adults
• Stomach symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, may also occur but are more common in children than adults
• Donot self Diagnose Visit a Health Centre
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New Virus is a Reassortment
•The new strain is an apparent reassortment of four strains of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 Analysis at the United States Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) identified the four component strains as one endemic in humans, one endemic in birds, and two endemic in pigs (swine). One swine strain was widespread in the United States, the other in other countries
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Why Called as Swine Flu
• Although called swine flu due to it predominantly containing swine strains, the World Organisation for Animal Health have proposed the name North American influenza.
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New Virus a New combination
• The CDC determined that the strain contained genes from four different flu viruses – North American swine influenza, North American avian influenza, human influenza, and swine influenza virus typically found in Asia and Europe – "an unusually mongrelised mix of genetic sequences.
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Pigs a Mixing vessel • Pigs can catch
human and avian or
bird flu. When flu
viruses from
different species
infect pigs, they can
mix inside the pig
and new, mixed
viruses can emerge.
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Pigs infect Humans • Pigs can pass mutated viruses back to humans, and these can be passed from human to human. Transmission among humans is thought to occur in the same way as with seasonal flu.
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Diagnosis • To diagnose swine
influenza A infection, a respiratory specimen would generally need to be collected within the first 4 to 5 days of illness (when an infected person is most likely to be shedding virus). However, some persons, especially children, may shed virus for 10 days or longer. Identification as a swine flu influenza A virus
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Rapid Diagnosis
•RT PCR
can make
rapid
Diagnosis
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Prevention is best option
•Covering your
nose and mouth
with a tissue
when you cough
or sneeze. Throw
the tissue in the
trash after you
use it.
D
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Clean Hands – Safe Hands
•Washing your
hands often with
soap and water,
especially after
you cough or
sneeze. You can
also use alcohol-
based hand
cleaners.
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Drug options in Swine Flu • There are four influenza antiviral drugs approved for use in the United States (oseltamivir, zanamivir, Amantidine and rimantadine). The swine influenza A (H1N1) viruses that have been detected in humans in the United States and Mexico are resistant to Amantidine and rimantadine so these drugs will not work against these swine influenza viruses. Laboratory testing on these swine influenza A (H1N1) viruses so far indicate that they are susceptible (sensitive) to oseltamivir and zanamivir
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Using N95 mask reduces the Risk
• You can cut your risk
of contracting the flu or
other respiratory
viruses by as much as
80 percent by wearing
a mask over your nose
and mouth, according
to a new study. Emerging Infectious Diseases,
the journal of the Centres for
Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) .
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Avoid close contact
• Avoid close contact
with people who are
sick. When you are
sick, keep your
distance from others to
protect them from
getting sick too.
• Aerosols spread the
virus in any
environment
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Prevention is the Best option
•Covering your nose and mouth with a tissue when you cough or sneeze. Throw the tissue in the trash after
you use
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Clean your hands.
• Washing your hands
often will help protect
you from germs.
• Hand washing proved
to be best procedure in
prevention of Majority
of Communicable
diseases.
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Swine flu Vaccination
• Everyone 6 months of age and older should get vaccinated against the flu as soon as the 2010-2011 season vaccine is available. People at high risk of serious flu complications include young children, pregnant women, people with chronic health conditions like asthma, diabetes or heart and lung disease and people 65 years and older.
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Health care workers and Vaccination
• Vaccination also is
important for health
care workers, and
other people who
live with or care for
high risk people to
keep from
spreading flu to high
risk people.
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"flu shot” • The "flu shot" — an inactivated vaccine (containing killed virus) that is given with a needle, usually in the arm. The flu shot is approved for use in people older than 6 months, including healthy people and people with chronic medical conditions.
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Nasal vaccination
• The nasal-spray flu
vaccine —a vaccine made
with live, weakened flu
viruses that do not cause
the flu (sometimes called
LAIV for "live attenuated
influenza vaccine" or
FluMist®). LAIV (FluMist®)
is approved for use in
healthy* people 2-49 years
of age who are not
pregnant.
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Care for common materials used by
Swine flu patients
• Linens, eating utensils, and dishes belonging to those who are sick do not need to be cleaned separately, but importantly these items should not be shared without washing thoroughly first.
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Proper Handling of Pig meat a Priority
• Influenza viruses do not affect the safety of pork, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). As with any raw meat, pork should always be properly handled and cooked to eliminate a range of food safety concerns.
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NEWLY IDENTIFIED
INFLUENZA STRAIN
H3N2
Dr.T.V.Rao MD 37
Newly identified Strain H3N2
• The new identified
variant contains genes
of the H3N2 swine
influenza that has
been circulating in
North American pigs
since 1998 as well as
the gene from the
pandemic virus H1N1,
making it a kind of
hybrid.
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Is the H3N2 is Dangerous ?
• The new swine flu
strain, H3N2, has
shown at least
some potential for
human-to-human
transmission in
those infected
individuals, which
makes it especially
dangerous
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Current update on FLU
• The A(H3N2)v swine flu strain that has infected at least 18 Americans since Sept. 2010 has shown the potential for human-to-human transmission. According to the paper, which was published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the H3N2 strains "resemble viruses with pandemic potential.
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Antigenic Clusters from 2002 to 2010
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CDC plans for creating a New Vaccine for
H3N3
• CDC is looking to create a
vaccine for the new
H3N2v. Hopefully we won’t
need it — but as the furor
over man-made killer
H5N1 flu viruses and the
emergence of a new
pandemic just three years
ago shows, there are no
guarantees with the flu.
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Genetic Analysis of New Strain
H3N2 • Genetic analyses revealed
that the 2 children had
been infected with similar
but not identical influenza
A (H3N2) viruses. Their
viruses also are similar to
H3N2 flu viruses found in
US pigs since 1998 and in
8 human infections
reported in the United
States since 2010
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CDC Updates
• CDC testing indicates the H3N2v is similar
to a human H3N2 strain that circulated in
the mid-1990s. (Humans actually gave the
H3N2 virus to pigs back then — which
shows just how interconnected and
vulnerable we all are
Wish to Read more: http://healthland.time.com/2011/12/30/how-a-new-swine-
flu-virus-could-complicate-influenza-season/#ixzz1ptttueai
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Scientific update on Vaccine for
H3N2 • US Centre for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) announcement in
November 2011 that it had developed a
candidate vaccine virus and provided it to
manufacturers. The swine-origin H3N2
reassortant strain (H3N2v) includes the M
gene from the 2009 H1N1 virus. The 12
infections were all reported in 2011,
occurring mostly in children.
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•Programme created by T.V.Rao MD
as Medical Update on Swine Flu
from 2009 to 2012 for Medical and
Health care Workers in the
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