sy-1

GSM System and Products OverviewSY1 Course Student Guide

"NORTHERN TELECOM AND NORTEL MATRA CELLULAR CONFIDENTIAL: Information contained in this document is the property of Northern Telecom and/or Nortel Matra Cellular. Except as specifically authorized in writing by Northern Telecom and Nortel Matra Cellular, the holder of this document shall keep the information contained herein confidential and shall protect same in whole or in part from disclosure and dissemination to third parties and use for evaluation, operation and maintenance purposes only". "You may not reproduce, represent, or download through any means, the information contained herein in any way or in any form without prior written consent of Northern Telecom and Nortel Matra Cellular". Nortel Matra Cellular and Northern Telecom 2000

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GSM System and Products Overview

Publication HistoryVersion 04.01/EN 04.02/EN 10.01/EN* 11.01/EN 12.01/EN Date September, 97 November, 97 August, 98 May, 99 January, 2000 Creation Update miscellaneous mismatches V10 Release V11 Release V12 Release Comments

* Starting from V10, the document edition complies with the equipment version.

"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

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SY1 CourseIntroduction GSM History Basic Network Overview Services Cellular Principles Radio Interface Architecture, Functions and Protocols Procedures Base Transceiver Station Functions S2000/S4000/S8000 BTS Families Base Station Controller Functions BSC 6000/12000/12000HC Family TransCoder Unit: Functional Description TCU: Physical Presentation NSS Functions NSS Nortel: DMS and GPP OSS Functions OMC-R, TML and OMC-S PicoNODE Family Solutions of Exercises Glossary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21


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Volume CompositionNo. 1 Title GSM System and Products Overview Reference PE/TRD/CN/0101 Version/Edition 12.01/EN


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Course PresentationThis course is the main starting of the GSM (GSM900, GSM 1800 and GSM 1900) program. It provides a global overview of the digital radio communication system (i.e. NSS, BSS, OSS) in terms of architecture, cellular concepts, radio channel handling, cellular call control, and Nortels products as well as the associated techniques necessary for the understanding of GSM. Course ObjectivesUpon completion of this course, the participant will be able to: describe the GSM system and its role in wireless communications worldwide, quote the GSM network services, describe the GSM cellular features, describe the Radio Interface, describe the steps of the main procedures (call establishment, location updating, handover, etc.), describe the functions of NSS (Network Sub System), BSS (Base station Sub System), OSS (Operation Sub System) and MS (Mobile Station), describe the software architecture of the GSM system, identify and describe the NORTEL NETWORKS GSM products.

PrerequisitesBefore taking this course, a basic knowledge in transmission and switching, and/or cellular radio system, decibels, PCM links, LAPD, OSI layers, SS7 is required. An excellent way to obtain it is to attend the 2 days TL1 course (Telecommunications Overview).

ScopeThis course applies to the V12 version of the BSS and to the GSM O9 of the NSS."Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

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Table of ContentsCOURSE NOTES CONTENTS PUBLICATION HISTORY SY1 COURSE VOLUME COMPOSITION COURSE PRESENTATION TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION GSM TRAINING CURRICULUM BSS NORTEL TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS SY1 COURSE OBJECTIVES 2. GSM HISTORY OBJECTIVES BEFORE GSM: MOBILE TELEPHONY MILESTONES ANALOG CELLULAR SYSTEMS AROUND THE WORLD DEVELOPMENT OF THE GSM STANDARD GSM SPECIFICATIONS THE APPLICATION OF THE RADIO SPECTRUM GSM FAMILY RADIO BAND SPECTRUM GSM BENEFITS GSM STANDARD SPREAD: SALES DEVELOPMENT OF THE GSM STANDARD EXPLOSIVE GROWTH IN WIRELESS DATA INCREASING GSM DATA RATES MOBILE DATA TECHNOLOGY EVOLUTION GENERAL PACKET RADIO SERVICE"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

ii iii iv v vii 1-1 1-2 1-4 1-5 1-6 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-7 2-8 2-9 2-10 2-11 2-12 2-13 2-14 2-15 2-16

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GSM System and Products OverviewGPRS AND EDGE UNIVERSAL MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM 3. BASIC NETWORK OVERVIEW OBJECTIVES TRAFFIC/SIGNALING NETWORK OVERVIEW MOBILE STATION SIM-CARD AND GSM MOBILE EQUIPMENT THE SIM-CARD FUNCTIONS SUBSCRIBER IDENTIFICATION MOBILE IDENTIFICATION MS CLASSMARK TRENDS IN MOBILE STATION BSS ARCHITECTURE NSS ARCHITECTURE CHECK YOUR LEARNING 4. SERVICES OBJECTIVES TELESERVICES SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICES INTELLIGENT NETWORK SERVICES CHECK YOUR LEARNING 5. CELLULAR PRINCIPLES OBJECTIVES RADIO DESIGN ERLANG CONCEPT FADING COVERAGE OR TRAFFIC LIMITATIONS CELL SECTORIZATION OMNIDIRECTIONAL SITE ANTENNAS BI AND TRISECTORIAL SITE ANTENNAS"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

2-17 2-18 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 3-6 3-7 3-8 3-9 3-10 3-11 3-12 3-13 3-14 4-1 4-2 4-3 4-10 4-16 4-23 5-1 5-2 5-3 5-4 5-5 5-6 5-7 5-8 5-9

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GSM System and Products OverviewCALCULATED CELL COVERAGE (TRISECTORIAL SITE) CALCULATED CELL COVERAGE CLUTTERS LINK BUDGET PRESENTATION COCHANNEL INTERFERENCE THE FREQUENCY REUSE DISTANCE INTERFERENCE LIMITS FREQUENCY REUSE PATTERN FREQUENCY PLAN DIFFERENT TYPES OF CELLS CELL LAYERING FREQUENCY REUSE PATTERN 6. RADIO INTERFACE OBJECTIVES FUNCTIONS OF THE RADIO INTERFACE GSM USES PAIRED RADIO CHANNELS GSM BAND ALLOCATIONS (MHZ) GSM TIME DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (TDMA) PHYSICAL CHANNEL GSM DELAYS UPLINK TDMA FRAMES PROPAGATION DELAYS LOGICAL CHANNELS FROM PHYSICAL CHANNELS TO LOGICAL CHANNELS TRAFFIC CHANNELS (TCHS) CONTROL CHANNELS THE LOGICAL CHANNELS ON RADIO INTERFACE LOGICAL CHANNELS DESCRIPTION TRAFFIC AND CONTROL MULTI-FRAMING TRAFFIC CHANNELS COMBINATION DEDICATED SIGNALING CHANNELS COMBINATION PHYSICAL CHANNEL AND LOGICAL CHANNELS COMMON CHANNELS COMBINATION BCCH COMBINED"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

5-10 5-11 5-12 5-13 5-14 5-15 5-16 5-17 5-18 5-19 5-20 5-21 6-1 6-2 6-3 6-4 6-5 6-6 6-7 6-8 6-9 6-10 6-11 6-12 6-13 6-14 6-15 6-17 6-18 6-19 6-20 6-21 6-22

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GSM System and Products OverviewWHY 26 AND 51 FRAMES PER MULTIFRAME? FROM SPEECH TO RADIO TRANSMISSION SPEECH QUALITY - SOURCE CODING CHANNEL PROCESSING INTERLEAVING: TCH FULL RATE BURST FORMATTING BURST FORMATS CIPHERING MODULATION DISCONTINUOUS TRANSMISSION FEATURES CHECK YOUR LEARNING 7. ARCHITECTURE, FUNCTIONS AND PROTOCOLS OBJECTIVES BASIC ELEMENTS OF A CELLULAR SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE OF A GSM SYSTEM BSS ARCHITECTURE BTS GENERAL ARCHITECTURE AND FUNCTIONS BSC GENERAL ARCHITECTURE AND FUNCTIONS TRAU ARCHITECTURE AND FUNCTIONS NSS ARCHITECTURE HOME LOCATION REGISTER AUTHENTICATION CENTER VISITOR LOCATION REGISTER EQUIPMENT IDENTITY REGISTER INTERWORKING FUNCTION PROTOCOL MODEL RADIO INTERFACE ABIS INTERFACE LAPD AND LAPDM FRAMES ATER INTERFACE A INTERFACE PSTN/ISDN/PSDN INTERFACE GENERAL PACKET RADIO SERVICE"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

6-23 6-24 6-25 6-26 6-27 6-28 6-29 6-31 6-32 6-33 6-34 7-1 7-2 7-3 7-4 7-5 7-6 7-7 7-8 7-9 7-10 7-11 7-12 7-13 7-14 7-15 7-16 7-17 7-19 7-20 7-22 7-24 7-25

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GSM System and Products OverviewCHECK YOUR LEARNING 8. PROCEDURES OBJECTIVES CONTENTS DESCRIPTORS STORED IN SIM-CARD DESCRIPTORS STORED IN THE NETWORK DESCRIPTORS EMBODIED IN THE MS GSMS ACTORS CELL SELECTION IMMEDIATE ASSIGNMENT REGISTRATION: THE VERY FIRST LOCATION UPDATE INTRA-VLR LOCATION UPDATE INTER-VLR LOCATION UPDATE IMSI ATTACH IMSI DETACH AUTHENTICATION CIPHERING MOBILE ORIGINATING CALL MOBILE TERMINATING CALL CALL RELEASE REASONS FOR HANDOVER MOBILITY AND HANDOVER HANDOVER PREPARATION HANDOVER DECISION HANDOVER EXECUTION INTRA-BSC HANDOVER INTER-BSC HANDOVER INTER-MSC HANDOVER EXERCISE 7-26 8-1 8-2 8-3 8-4 8-5 8-6 8-7 8-8 8-9 8-10 8-11 8-12 8-13 8-14 8-15 8-17 8-19 8-20 8-23 8-25 8-26 8-27 8-28 8-29 8-30 8-31 8-32 8-33


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9. BASE TRANSCEIVER STATION FUNCTIONS OBJECTIVES BSS ARCHITECTURE CAPABILITIES OF A BTS FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE GENERIC ARCHITECTURE BCF TRX TRANSMISSION CHAIN RECEPTION CHAIN COUPLING SYSTEM BTS CONNECTION MODES 10. S2000/S4000/S8000 BTS FAMILIES OBJECTIVES COVERAGE SOLUTION DRX BASED BTS FAMILY BTS S8000 OUTDOOR BCF MODULE (FIRST VERSION) COMPACT BCF MODULE (SECOND VERSION) S8000 TRX S8000 COUPLING BTS S8000 INDOOR BTS S8002 BTS S8006 BTS S2000L (LOW POWER) BTS S2000H (HIGH POWER) ENHANCED PACKAGING HIGH POWER RF MODULE S8000 DOWN-LINK S8000 UP-LINK BTS E-CELL"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

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GSM System and Products OverviewS2000E/S4000 FAMILY BTS S4000 INDOOR BTS S4000 OUTDOOR BTS S2000E INDOOR/OUTDOOR DUAL-BAND CONFIGURATIONS BTS CONFIGURATION TABLE 11. BASE STATION CONTROLLER FUNCTIONS OBJECTIVES BSC IN THE GSM NETWORK BSC FUNCTIONS SIGNALING IN THE BSS GENERIC ARCHITECTURE OF THE BSC BSC OMC-R CONNECTION OPTIONS 12. BSC 6000/12000/12000HC FAMILY OBJECTIVES BSC 6000/12000/12000HC FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE PHYSICAL LAYOUT DUPLEX OPERATION BSC 12000 BSC 6000/12000/12000HC GPRS SUPPORT BSC 12000 UPGRADE TO BSC 12000HC BSC PROVISIONING BSC 12000 PRODUCT CONFIGURATION BSC 12000 CONFIGURATION BSC 6000/12000/12000HC EXERCISES NUMBER OF SITES THAT A BSC CAN HANDLE CHECK YOUR LEARNING 10-28 10-29 10-31 10-33 10-35 10-36 11-1 11-2 11-3 11-4 11-6 11-7 11-8 12-1 12-2 12-3 12-6 12-7 12-8 12-9 12-10 12-11 12-12 12-13 12-14 12-15 12-17 12-18 12-21 12-22


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13. TRANSCODER UNIT: FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION OBJECTIVES TCU FUNCTIONS BENEFIT HAVING REMOTE TCUS FUNCTIONAL DETAIL SIGNALING ON THE BTS-TCU INTERFACE SPEECH ON THE BTS-TCU INTERFACE USERS DATA RATE TREATMENT CHECK YOUR LEARNING 14. TCU: PHYSICAL PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES HARDWARE LAYOUT EXTERNAL COMMUNICATIONS TCU CABINET CHECK YOUR LEARNING 15. NSS FUNCTIONS OBJECTIVES NSS ARCHITECTURE MOBILE SWITCHING CENTER INTERFACES GATEWAY MSC FUNCTIONS VISITOR MSC FUNCTIONS MSC ARCHITECTURE AND FUNCTIONS INTERWORKING FUNCTION ECHO CANCELER SHORT MESSAGE SERVICE CENTER VOICE MAIL SYSTEM INTELLIGENT NETWORK PLATFORM

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16. NSS NORTEL: DMS AND GPP OBJECTIVES NSS NORTEL: DMS FAMILY AND PICONODE SUPERNODE (SN) DIGITAL MULTIPLEX SYSTEM (DMS) ARCHITECTURE DMS CORE MODULES SUPERNODE CONFIGURATION NORTELS ENHANCED NETWORK (ENET) LINK PERIPHERAL PROCESSOR (LPP) LPP CABINET PCM-30 DIGITAL TRUNK CONTROLLER (PDTC) PERIPHERALS: ISM PERIPHERALS: IOM BILLING SERVER SUPERNODE SIZE ENHANCED (SNSE) MICRONODE INCOMING CALL FROM THE PSTN TO THE GMSC A CALL GOES TO THE VMSC THAT PAGES THE MS NORTEL IWF: GSM PASSPORT NODE GPP NODE NORTELS IN PLATFORM: SERVICEBUILDER CHECK YOUR LEARNING 17. OSS FUNCTIONS OBJECTIVES OSS PRESENTATION NETWORK MANAGEMENT CONFIGURATION MANAGEMENT FAULT MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SECURITY MANAGEMENT WHY AN OMC-R?"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

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GSM System and Products OverviewOMC-R FUNCTIONS COMMON FUNCTIONS SERVER ADMINISTRATION OMC-S FUNCTIONS HIERARCHICAL ARRANGEMENT OF NMC AND OMC CHECK YOUR LEARNING 18. OMC-R, TML AND OMC-S OBJECTIVES OMC-R OMC-R ARCHITECTURE HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE REMOTE OPERATION TERMINAL APPLICATION NETWORK ELEMENTS OPERATED BY OMC-R IMPLEMENTATION OF THE OMC-R NETWORK NEW MAN-MACHINE INTERFACE NEW MMI: LOGICAL VIEW NEW MMI: TOPOLOGICAL VIEW ALARM WINDOW BSS ON SITE MAINTENANCE WITH TML BTS ON SITE MAINTENANCE WITH TML BSC ON SITE MAINTENANCE WITH TML TCU ON SITE MAINTENANCE WITH TML OMC-S SDM-FT PLATFORM OMC-S ELEMENT MANAGER MAIN WINDOW NETWORK CONFIGURATION WINDOW FAULT MANAGEMENT PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT CHECK YOUR LEARNING 17-16 17-17 17-18 17-19 17-20 17-21 18-1 18-2 18-3 18-4 18-5 18-6 18-7 18-8 18-9 18-10 18-11 18-12 18-13 18-14 18-18 18-19 18-20 18-22 18-25 18-26 18-27 18-28 18-29


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19. PICONODE FAMILY PICONODE: A VERY SMALL GSM SYSTEM RURAL AND COMMUNITY CORPORATE/IN-BUILDING: CORPORATENET PICONODE ARCHITECTURE COMMUNITYNET PICONODETM BTS PICONODETM BSC PICONODETM MSC PICONODETM OMC PICONODE PICONODETM TM

19-1 19-2 19-3 19-4 19-5 19-6 19-8 19-9 19-10 19-11 19-12 19-13 20-1 20-2 20-3 20-4 20-6 20-7 21-1

COMBO SCALABLE GSM SOLUTIONS

20. SOLUTIONS OF EXERCISES CELLULAR PRINCIPLES: FREQUENCY REUSE PATTERN BTS S8000: COUPLING SYSTEM FOR TWO TRX WITH DIVERSITY BSC: TCU WARNING INFORMATION PATH BSC: INCOMING CALL INFORMATION PATH BSC: CALL-ESTABLISHED TRAFFIC PATH 21. GLOSSARY


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GSM System and Products OverviewStudent Notes:


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Introduction


Section 1

Introduction

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IntroductionGSM Training CurriculumNSS System Courses900 930 931 932 935 936 937 938 950 951 961 962 963 970 972 974 GSM Intelligent Networks Overview GSM DMS Overview GSM NSS Overview GSM Data Overview GSM HLR-PS (Provisioning Server) GSM Billing Mediation Device (GMBD) OMC-S Overview & Operation GSM GPP-IWF GSM DMS Maintenance Part 1 GSM DMS Maintenance Part 2 GSM09 Release Delta GSM10 Release Delta GSM11 Release Delta GSM-MSC/VLR Translations GSM HLR Service Datafill GSM CCS7 Transl. and Operations

1 - BSS and NSS Courses3 days 3 days 2 days 1 day 3 days 3 days 2 days 5 days 10 days 10 days 2 days 1 day 2 days 10 days 5 days 5 days

System CoursesSY0 SY1 SYS TL1 TL4 GSM General Overview GSM System and Products Overview GSM System Overview Telecommunications Overview ATM Overview 2 days 5 days 3 days 2 days 1 day OM1/2 OM4 OM5 OM6 OM7

BSS Operation & Maintenance CoursesBSS Operation and Maintenance 10 days OMC-R Administration 4 days BSS Databuild 5 days S8000 BTS Local Maintenance 2 days BSS Performance Measurements Tools 2 days OM9 BSS Operation and Fault Handling 4 days OM10 Reconfiguration Tools 3 days OM31 BSC and TCU Local Maintenance3 days OMDV10-12 BSS Release for V10 Experts 3 days OMDV12 BSS Release for V11 Experts 2 days OM36 BSC, TCU and BTS S8000 Local Maintenance 5 days


NSS System Courses

BSS System CoursesARI BS21 NE2 NMO PR1 PR2 PR3 PR4 SR11 SR12 SY2 Advanced Radio Interface Description BSC 12000 and TCU Advanced Description BSS Optimization Parameters Network Monitoring and Optimization S8000 BTS Family Advanced Description S2000 L&H and e-cell BTS Advanced Description BSS Products Overview BSC and TCU 3G Advanced Description BSS Release V11 Overview BSS Release V12 Overview BSS Dimensioning 3 days 2 days 3 days 2 days 2 days

BSS Operation & Maintenance Courses

Radio and Network Engineering CoursesRSV1 RSV2 CNE RF0 CP1 CP2 RSQ1 RSQ2 SSE1 SSE2 Radio Site Verification RSV Measurement & Post-Processing Cellular Network Engine. Process RF Basics Cell Planning Fundamentals Cell Planning Project Radio Survey and RF Qualification Radio Measurements Site Survey and Site Engineering Site Survey Visit and Engineering Case Studies SSE3 Aerial Verification NETRF1 Network and RF Engineering Course12.01/EN January, 2000

1 day 2 days 1 day 3 days 2 days 5 days 2 days 3 days 1 day 1 day 2 days 5 days

BSS System CoursesIntroduction

BSS Installation & CommissioningPIC1 PIC7 PIC10 PIC17 PIM8 BSC & TCU Installation and Commissioning. BTS S8000 Outdoor I&C BTS S8000 Indoor I&C BTS S8000 I&C BTS S2000 (H&L) I&C and O&M 5 days 5 days 4 days 5 days 2 days

1 day 2 days 2 days 1 day 1 day 2 days

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The BSS and NSS training courses are split into several families according to the different skills required to deal with GSM networks: System: to acquire general knowledge about GSM, as well as a general overview of the equipment designed by Nortel Networks. BSS System: to acquire a general knowledge on BSS system: products, dimensioning, optimization. BSS Operation and Maintenance: to be able to operate and maintain a telecommunication network by fully using the OMC-R facilities and give an in-depth understanding of the BSS functions and equipment. NSS System: to acquire knowledge on the operation and maintenance of the NSS part of the system. Radio and Network Engineering: to be in charge of cell planning, BSS network topology, field tests, data fill or BSS parameters optimization. Installation and Commissioning: to be able to install, cable, and run test on-site equipment.


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IntroductionGSM Training Curriculum2 - GPRS, UMTS, BSS Tools, GSM-R, and PicoNODE CoursesGPRS CoursesTL2 TL3 GP0 GP1 GP10 GP2 GP3 GP4 GP5 Frame Relay Overview TCP/IP Overview GPRS General Overview GPRS Technical Description Passport Operation and Maintenance PCUSN Configuration and Operation SGSN Configuration and Operation GGSN Configuration and Operation OMC-D Operation 1 day 2 days 1 day 3 days 2 days 1.5 day 1.5 day 2 days 5 days RL11 RL12 RL21 RL22 RL23 RL30 RL31 RL32 RL41 RL51 RL61 RL62 RL63 RL64

GSM-R CoursesGSM-R System and Products Overview GSM-R deltas with standard GSM GSM-R BSS Optimization parameters GSM-R BSS Optimization parameters versus GSM GSM-R BSS dimensioning GSM-R IN Overview and datafill GSM-R NSS Overview GSM-R HLR Service Datafill GSM-R RF Engineering BTS S8002 I&C BTS S8002 local maintenance GSM-R performance measurements tools BSS O&M for GSM-R BSS Operations and Fault Handling for GSM-R 5 days 1 day 3 days 1 day 2 days 5 days 2 days 5 days 5 days 3 days 2 days 2 days 10 days 4 days


UMTS CoursesUM0 UMTS Introduction 1 day

BSS Tools CoursesCT1000 CT1000_NRP CT3100 CT3100OJT CT7100 CT7100_B CT7100_N CT7100_T CT1000 Course Reconfiguration Procedures CT3100 Course On the job training GSM Network Monitoring and Optimization Tool (NSS and BSS) GSM Network Monitoring and Optimization Tool (BSS only) GSM Network Monitoring and Optimization Tool (NSS only) GSM Network Monitoring Tool (Call Trace/Call Path Trace)January, 2000

8 days 4 days 5 days 3 days 4 days 3 days 2 days 1 dayIntroduction

PicoNODE CoursesPN1 PicoNODE Product Overview PN2 PicoNODE OMC Network Operation PN3 PicoNODE OMC System Administration PN4 PicoNODE BSS Operation PN5 PicoNODE NSS Operation PN245 PicoNODE: From I&C to O&M 1 day 5 days 5 days 5 days 5 days 10 days1-3

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The BSS and NSS training courses are split in several families according to the different skills required to deal with GSM networks: GPRS: an overview of this new system and advanced description of new nodes. UMTS: an overview of this future system. BSS Tools: to be able to use the new tools. GSM-R: an overview and advanced description of this new system for railways companies. PicoNODE: to be able to operate and manage this new product line (wireless access in rural or corporate areas).


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IntroductionBSS Nortel Technical PublicationsS4000/ S4000C 03 Indoor BTS OMC-R Architecture 06 and Reference ROT"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

BSS Product Documentation Overview

BSS Overview

Whats new in the BSS V12 NTP suite

BSS Operating Principles

BSS Operating User

OMC-R Preventive & Corrective Maintenance

BSS BSS Operating Parameters Procedures User Guide

V11/ V12 O&M Evolutions

39 50 51 41

Maintenance Principles TML (BSC/TCU) User Manual TML (BTS) User Manual BSC Maintenance Procedures TCU Maintenance Procedures S2000/ S2000E BTS Maintenance Procedures S4000 BTS Maintenance Procedures S8000 BTS Maintenance Procedures S2000 H/L BTS Maintenance Procedures S8002 BTS Maintenance Procedures e-cell BTS Maintenance Manual1-4

00

01

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07

08

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Operations Manuals

TCU BSC 6000/ 12000 S4000 Outdoor BTS S2000H/L BTS S4000 Smart BTS S2000/ S2000E BTS S8000/ S8002 BTS e-cell BTS

PE/CDC/DD/0004 CD-ROM of GSM BSS NTPs

PE/CDC/DD/0026 CD-ROM of BSS Parameters User Guide

42 46 47 48

Reference Manuals

GSM-BSS Documentation

Maintenance Manuals

Fault Number DescriptionS2000/ BSC/TCU S2000E S4000 BTS S8000/ S2000H/L Advanced e-cell Maintenance S8002 BTS Procedures BTS CT1000 User Manual

CT Tools (optional)CT5100 CT7100 CT7100 Call Trace/ CT1000/ CT3100 Path Trace CT3100 Operating BSS CCM User Instal. CallAnalyzer Instal. Procedures User Manual Manual Manual User Manual Manual

49 84 90

101

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105

29 NORTEL

38

54

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20

21

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The BSS product documentation or BSS Nortel Technical Publication comprises 46 manuals. Kinds of manuals: Reference manuals detail each subsystem or equipment in terms of architecture, hardware and software of its modules and indicate general dimensioning rules. Maintenance manuals include both preventive and corrective maintenance and details the various maintenance procedure. The BSS Maintenance Principles describes the principles of maintenance and gives the list of faults. Generic site dossiers give a canvas to be used by the network operator, where he can collect any specific information for a site. General information: The BSS Product Documentation Overview (00) is the general manual which introduces all the manuals of the BSS NTPs and includes the glossary. The BSS Overview (01) is an overview of the digital cellular network and of its division into subsystem. Operating manuals: The BSS Operating Principles gives the general principles of operation and a dictionary of GSM parameters and observation counters. The BSS parameters User Guide aims at describing BSS GSM and Nortel parameters, formules and engineering issues for algorithms parameters.


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IntroductionSY1 CourseOrganization

GSM System Section 1: Introduction Section 2: GSM History Section 3: Basic Network Overview Section 4: Services Section 5: Cellular Principles Section 6: Radio Interface Section 7: Architecture, Functions and Protocols Section 8: Procedures


Section 9: BTS Functions Section 10: S2000/4000/S8000 BTS Families Section 11: BSC Functions Section 12: BSC 6000/12000/12000HC Family Section 13: TransCoder Unit Functions Section 14: TCU Physical Presentation

Section 15: NSS Functions Section 16: NSS Nortel: DMS and GPP Section 17: OSS Functions Section 18: OMC-R, TML and OMC-S Section 19: PicoNODE Family Section 20: Solutions of Exercises Section 21: Glossary

GSM ProductsPE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Introduction 1-5


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IntroductionObjectives

Upon completion of this course, the participant will be able to:"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

describe the GSM system and its role in wireless communications worldwide, quote the GSM network services, describe the GSM cellular features, describe the Radio Interface, describe the steps of the main procedures (call establishment, location updating, handover, etc.), describe the functions of NSS (Network Sub System), BSS (Base station Sub System), OSS (Operation Sub System) and MS (Mobile Station), describe the software architecture of the GSM system, identify and describe the NORTEL NETWORKS GSM products.

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IntroductionStudent Notes:


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GSM History


Section 2

GSM History

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GSM HistoryObjectivesProvide an introduction to the world of mobile communications with particular emphasis on development to digital cellular radio."Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

After completing this lesson you will be able to: - Relate the early mobile communication systems. - Show the benefits of digital radio transmission. - Relate the development and spread of the GSM standard. - Indicate the trend for wireless in the next years.

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GSM HistoryBefore GSM: Mobile Telephony Milestones1876 1970

Electric transmission (Graham Bell)"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

10101010

Digital Technology (1st digital switch)1982

1897

1st wireless transmissions (Marconi)1992

1st analog cellular network

1946

10101010

1st public mobile telephonePE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 GSM History

1st GSM communication (digital cellular network)2-3

1876: The telephone was introduced to the public at the Centennial Exposition of the United States in Philadelphia. Alexander Graham Bell was able to transmit speech electrically, in one direction only, over a copper wire circuit of several hundred feet in length. This speaking telegraph was quickly perfected for adequate two-way communication and was offered for business and residential service the following years. Within a short time there were thousands, then tens of thousand, and soon hundreds of thousand of paying customers. End of the 19th century: While the struggle to search for the ways to utilize the copper wire transmission facility more and more efficiently, a young German scientist named Heinrich Rudolf Hertz discovered a strange and wonderful phenomenon: from an electric spark there seemed to emanate invisible waves of force which could be captured at a distant location by a suitably constructed receiving device. Hertzs own experiments extended only a few yards. 1897: Guglielmo Marconi shows the first wireless transmission over 15 km in Bristol. A few years later(1901), G. Marconi transmitted these waves overseas, and began to call it Radio. 1946: The first public mobile telephone service was introduced in twenty five American cities. Each system used a single, high-powered transmitter and large tower in order to cover distances of over 50 km in a particular market. Nevertheless these early FM push-to-talk telephone systems of the late 1940s used 120 kHz of RF bandwidth in a half duplex mode (only one person on the telephone call could talk at a time), even though the actual telephone-grade speech because of the kHz of baseband spectrum. The large RF bandwidth was needed because of the difficulty in mass producing tight RF filters and low-noise, front-end receiver amplifiers. 1970: A.Pinet introduced in France the first digital switch. 1982: The first commercial cellular system was turned on in Chicago. 1992: GSM, the first fully digital cellular system, was introduced on in Germany and in France.


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GSM HistoryAnalog Cellular Systems Around the World


1981 NMTThe Nordic Solution Now 18 Millions Subscribers

450 MHz and 900 MHz

1979 AMPS 800 MHz Now 25 Millions Subscribers

Dedicated developments

NORWAY, DENMARK FINLAND, SWEDEN, FRANCE (450 MHz)

1985 TACS in UK 800 and 900 MHz

1985 1986 RADIOCOM 2000 C.450 FRANCE GERMANY 400 MHz 450 MHz 900 MHz

Japan NTT cellular (1979) JTACS (1988)2-4

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GSM History

There are several different types of analog cellular systems: NMT450 and NMT900: Scandinavia, Benelux, Spain, Austria, France, Switzerland; AMPS in more 34 countries: U.S.A., Canada, Argentine, Chile, Indonesia, Brazil, Australia, Republic of Congo (formerly Zaire); TACS (Total Access Communication System) in UK Ireland and Italy; R2000: France; C450: Germany; NTT (1979) cellular and JTACS (1988) in Japan. RTMS: Italy; The world's first cellular system actually was implemented in 1979 by the Nippon Telephone and Telegraph company (NTT) in Japan. This system uses 600 FM duplex channels of 25 kHz in the 800 MHz band. In Europe, the Nordic Mobile Telephone system (NMT) was developed in 1981 for the 450 MHz band and uses 180 channels of 25 kHz. The extended European Total Access Cellular System (ETACS) was deployed in 1985 and is virtually identical to the US. AMPS system, except that the smaller bandwidth channels result in a slight degradation of signal-to-noise ratio and coverage range.


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GSM HistoryDevelopment of the GSM Standard1982: Groupe Spcial Mobile (GSM) created within CEPT 1985: List of recommendations are settled and intensely supported by the industry."Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

1987: Initial MoU (Memorandum of Understanding) aside the drafting of technical specifications was signed by network operators of 13 countries: time-scales for the procurement and deployment, compatibly of numbering and routing plans, tariff principles and definition of accounting. 1990: The GSM specifications for the 900 MHz are frozen. Specifications start for the 1800 MHz GSM systems. GSM stands as "Global System for Mobile communications"

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2-5

1982: CEPT decides to establish a "Groupe Spcial Mobile" (the initial origin of the Term GSM) in to develop a set of common standards for a future pan-European Cellular Mobile Network. 1984: Establishment of three Working Parties to define and describe GSM features: the radio interface, transmission and signaling protocols, interfaces and network architecture. 1985, 1986: Discussion and adoption of a list of recommendations to be generated by the Group Spcial Mobile. A so-called permanent nucleus is established to continuously coordinate the work, which is intensely supported by industry delegates. Thinking over a radio transmission prototype. 1987: The first Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) is prepared during mid-1987 and signed by 13 European countries in September 1987. Apart from the drafting of the technical specifications within the ad-hoc working groups, European public telecommunication operators worthy recognized the cooperation for commercial and operational aspects. The MoU serves as an adequate forum for discussion on pure operational matters. Its main purposes is to provide a framework for all the necessary measures to be taken by the signatories together to ensure the opening of a commercial service in their respective countries by 1991. The network operators plan the progressive implementation of the networks in each country so that transport routes between the countries of signatories could be brought early into the coverage of the respective systems. 1988: Validation and trials, especially the radio interface, show that GSM will work. With the establishment of the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI), Groupe Spcial Mobile becomes a technical committee: GSM is embodied into European Telecommunications Standards, GSM stands as "Global System for Mobile Communication" grant.


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GSM HistoryDevelopment of the GSM Standard1991: First system trial are running. 1992: Official commercial launch of GSM service in Europe."Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

1993: - The GSM-MoU has 62 signatories in 39 countries worldwide. In addition 32 applicants in 19 others countries. - GSM network are operational in Europe. - First commercial services also start outside Europe. - One million subscribers to GSM networks. 1995: Specification of GSM phase 2 are frozen.

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2-6

1991: First system-trial are running at Telecom 91 exhibition. The GSM Recommendations comprise: more than 130 single documents; include more than 5,000 pages. The GSM MoU of 1987 was later signed by more operators and amended by 1991 to accept members from non CEPT operators countries thus extend its scope to spread cooperation agreements with non-signatory bodies. 1993: Aside the GSM-MoU has 62 members (signatories) in 39 countries worldwide; and in addition 32 potential members (observers, applicants) in 19 other countries. GSM networks are operational in Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, United kingdom. The end of 1993 shows one millions subscribers to GSM networks, however more than 80% of them are to be found in Germany alone.


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GSM HistoryGSM Specifications01 SERIES GENERAL

12 SERIES OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

02 SERIES SERVICE ASPECTS 03 SERIES NETWORK ASPECTS

11 SERIES EQUIPMENT AND TYPE APPROVAL SPECIFICATIONS

10 SERIES SERVICE INTERWORKING

04 SERIES MS-BSS INTERFACE AND PROTOCOLS

09 SERIES NETWORK INTERWORKING

05 SERIES PHYSICAL LAYER ON THE RADIO PATH. 06 SERIES SPEECH CODING SPECIFICATIONS

08 SERIES BSS TO MSC INTERFACES

07 SERIES TERMINAL ADAPTERS FOR MOBILE STATIONS

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2-7

One important question was how far GSM should go in its specification work; that is, to what degree the system had to be specified so as to be identical in all countries, and how much could be left to the operators and suppliers to agree upon. Clearly, without identical air interfaces in all networks, the subscribers are not going to have free roaming between network. This was considered to be the absolute minimum degree of standardization, and these equipment were favored. One might have seen it as advantageous to specify everything in the system, including the hardware and the mobile station and even other parts of the system. It was agreed upon that there would be no attempt to specify the system in such detail. Basically, only the functional interfaces between the majors buildings blocks would be specified. This approach had several advantages, perhaps the most important of which is that for each major building block, the principle of functional specifications offers each operator, and thus the customer, the opportunity to purchase whatever make of equipment he wants, thus setting the stage for maximum competition between manufacturers. For instance the fact that an operator has purchased an exchange from a certain supplier does not force him to go on buying equipment from the same supplier. Standardized electrical interfaces as well as protocols are provided for both the fixed network and subscriber equipment. These include standardized rate adaptations compatible with conventional ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) definitions.


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GSM HistoryThe Application of the Radio SpectrumAM0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.4

Marine

Short Wave - International Broadcast - Amateur"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

CB12 14 16 18 20 24 26 28 30 MHz

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

VHF LOW Band30 40 50 60 70 80

FM90 100 120

VHF

VHF TV 7-13180 200 240 300 MHz

140 160

Cellular UHF0.3 0.4 0.5

GSM1800, GSM1900 GPS

UHF TV 14-690.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.4

3.0 GHz

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

12

14

16

18 20

24

30 GHz

Broadcasting Land-MobilePE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000

Aeronautical Mobile telephonyGSM History

Terrestrial Microwave Satellite2-8

In the early years of radio, only the lowest few megahertz of the radio spectrum were in use and they were used for point to point communications between fixed stations, mainly ships, and broadcasting. These applications were respectively called the fixed service, the mobile service and the broadcasting service. By international agreement, the spectrum then in use was divided into several frequency bands, different bands being allocated for each service. This concept of dividing the spectrum between the different links of radio service is still found to be wise and its application has been extended and elaborated to serve modern requirements. The international table of frequency allocations (World Radiocommunication Conference 1995) now covers the frequency range 9 kHz to 275 MHz, divided into hundreds of frequency bands, allocated for 33 different services.


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GSM HistoryGSM Family Radio Band Spectrum

Uplink876 880 890

915 915


915 P-GSM

1710

1785

1850

1910

E-GSM R-GSM 921 925 935 960 960 960 1805

GSM 1800

GSM 1900

1880

1930

1990

MHz

Downlink

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GSM History

2-9

According to the resolution of the World Radiocommunication Conference in 1978, the European Telecom Authorities primarily reserved two frequency bands of twice 25 MHz: 890 MHz to 915 MHz from mobile to the network, 935 MHz to 960 MHz from base stations to the mobiles for use by cellular systems. By 1990, a newly allocated band of twice 75 MHz (1710 MHz to 1785 MHz for uplink and 1805 MHz to 1880 MHz for downlink) was formed for the Digital Communication System which is a version of GSM suited to the 1800 MHz frequency band. This application was initiated in the United Kingdom. Furthermore FCC has granted band of twice 60 MHz (1850 MHz to 1910 MHz for uplink and 1930 MHz to 1990 MHz for downlink) devoted to GSM networks. Two new frequency bands are supported: the Extended GSM 900 band or E-GSM = P-GSM + 2x10 MHz, the Railway GSM 900 band for Railways companies or R-GSM = E-GSM + 2x4 MHz.


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GSM HistoryGSM BenefitsAdvantages of the GSM standard Digital Advantages

Worldwide market"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

$

Technology low cost

Open system

High resistance to interferences

Transmission data rate

Roaming Transmission Security

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GSM History

2-10

The features and benefits expected in the GSM were: superior speech quality (equal to or better than the existing analog cellular technology), low terminal and services costs, a high level of security (confidentiality and fraud prevention), international roaming (under one subscriber directory number), support of low power hand-portable terminals, variety of new services and network facilities. It was a logical consequence of the prevailing reality that a measure of Inter-working compatibility with the services offered by other existing telecommunication networks was sought. In particular, the basis for the services in GSM standard can be found in the ISDN concept.


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GSM HistoryGSM Standard Spread: Sales70 Million users 60 50 40 30 20 10 01992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997

300 250 Million users 200 150 100 50 0areas/ countries 7 18 41 67 97 105 110 137 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001


networks 13 34 65 113 189 233 240 370GSM History

dec 92 dec 93 dec 94 dec 95 dec 96 dec 97 dec 98 dec 99

customers (millions) 0.25 1.4 4.5 12.5 33 66 140 220

Source: IDC Feb 98 GSM MoU Feb 98

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2-11


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GSM HistoryDevelopment of the GSM StandardEnd 1999: 220 millions of subscribers 370 networks in 137 countries


Countries without GSM Network(s)

2005: Between 700 million and 1 billion expected.PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 GSM History 2-12


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GSM HistoryExplosive Growth in Wireless Data


1998Data 4% Data 70%

Voice 30% Voice 96%

2005

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GSM History

2-13

Fixed data networks have been growing rapidly for the past 15 years. The PC or work station attached to a LAN has become the de-facto working environment. LANs connected to LANs on other sites around the world allow companies to improve communications and share data. With the advent of the internet people have become used to using a computer not only for work but for their personal lives or as a source of entertainment. Todays wireless networks were designed primarily for voice, with a small data capability. As more and more people are using data applications, the wireless market needs to progress to provide data-on the-move and liberate users from the need to find an ethernet cable or a telephone jack. The Future Imagine writing a report on the train on the way home, your secretary rings to say the boss wants a video conference NOW!. He comes on line, and tells you the report must be out tonight, with photos of the new product which you can get from the Web. While still talking to the boss, you connect to the Web, down load some files, attach them to your report and send it to a defined group of people. All on the move. This scenario will require considerable more than the 9.6 kbps or 14.4 kbps offered in GSM today. Europes GSM operators currently see 2 to 3% of traffic as data. But enhancements to GSM, such as HSCSD, EDGE and GPRS will bring high data rates and get the users used to using data applications from a wireless terminal.


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GSM HistoryIncreasing GSM Data Ratesvideo clip video report clip photo web e-mail photo web photo video report clip video report clip report video clip

UMTSE/GPRS"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

photo web

report photo

ISDN PSTN GSM

e-mail web e-mail

0

10 sec

1 min

10 min

1 hour

Transmission Time

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GSM History

2-14

GSM today We can currently use a data terminal attached to an MS to connect to any standard data service provided by the PSTN, ISDN or PDN networks as long as the network accepts a data rate of 9.6 kbps and the IWF is equipped. This includes access to the Web, e-mail, fax etc.. Use of these facilities is generally limited due to the speed of the communication. Internet use is expensive and slow due to the limited data rate and the circuit switched nature of the GSM system. GSM 2+ HSCSD allows 14.4 kbps in one TS as from 1Q99 and multiple timeslots in the future. It is however, still a circuit switched system which will supply expensive connections unless the operators pricing schemes are imaginative. It will help those who use data over GSM today and encourage others to use the services but it does involve a capacity penalty for the network.


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GSM HistoryMobile Data Technology Evolution2M1M 30 min delay

intranet

throughput kbps

et ack p

Mobile Data Rate Mobile Data Rate Explosion in Next 4 Years Explosion in Next 4 Years

alternative: A2 100 k


64 k

it cu cir

10 k

9.61kFTSE -100 inde x

HSCSD 14.4 GPRS

EDGE

UMTS

SMS

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

timeframe

GPRS = General Packet Radio Service HSCSD = High Speed Circuit Switched Data EDGE = Enhanced Data rate for Gsm Evolution UMTS = Universal Mobile Telecomunication SystemPE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 GSM History 2-15

Up to V10* the data services were limited to 9.6 kbps. A new service has been standardized in ETSI to reach 14.4 kbps user rate (AUIR) on one TS. This enhancement is a part of a global strategy aimed at offering higher data rates. This new data rate is the result of a new channel coding on the radio interface. The BSS provides two modes: transparent data service, non transparent data service, using RLP protocol between MS and IWF.


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GSM HistoryGeneral Packet Radio Service


IP (Internet/Intranet)

GPRS PLMN

X.25 PSPDN

Corporate Intranet

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GSM History

2-16

GPRS is the first major revolution in GSM data, providing speeds over 100 kbit/s on a pseudo-packet switched radio interface and a real packet switched NSS. This will encourage users to connect to high-speed applications across the wireless network and optimises the network resources for data transmission. There are however some limitations and the first implementations will have mobility constraints. However, it is likely to attract users to internet type services and provides operators with a natural migration path towards 3G systems.


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GSM HistoryGPRS and EDGEEnhanced Data rate for Gsm EvolutionNew highly spectrum-efficient modulation for higher bit rates"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

GMSK modulation replaced with 8-Phase Shift Keying: throughput x 3 Applicable to both HSCSD and GPRS Rates expected to reach 300 kbps (E-HSCSD) and 380 kbps (E-GPRS)

UMTS EDGE GPRS HSCSD GSM 1 10 14,4 100 43,2 170

2000 384 380 300 packet circuit

1000GSM History

10000

speed kbps log scale

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2-17

Enhanced Data rate for Gsm Evolution or EDGE is often referred to in GPRS context as the combination of the two technologies is seen by some groups in the mobile industry as an alternative for UMTS. This makes EDGE an alternative for operators without an UMTS license who wish to offer medium-speed mobile data services. EDGE is being defined for both GPRS and GSM data services. EDGE is a redefinition of the GSM modulation and coding scheme from GMSK to 8-PSK. It gives up to three times higher throughput compared to GSM, using the same bandwidth. This will enable end-user data rates of maximum 48 kbps per Time Slot for GPRS and 28.8 kbps per TS for GSM services. By combining multiple TSs as with GPRS, data rates of 384 kbps can be achieved.


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GSM HistoryUniversal Mobile Telecommunication System Wireless office - Business Tele conference Sales order placement Files transfer Intranet services Travel - Car Centric Application Video and graphic oriented navigation tool Traffic intelligent information system Emergency services Location based yellow pages Entertainment / Education / Personal Communication Video/music on demand Interactive games / Tele-tourism Virtual school Video telephony12.01/EN January, 2000 GSM History 2-18


30 min delay

alternative: A2

PE/TRD/GR/0101

UMTS, or more precisely IMT2000, will at first provide a capacity advantage for wireless data networks that become overcrowded. But it has to provide more than that. The higher data rates will allow applications such as video and multimedia to be a real option from a wireless terminal. And, the more open architecture will provide a service environment allowing a wide range of services to be developed by operators and service specialists. Total global roaming is one of the objectives of the specifications. UMTS will take over from GSM 2+ systems to provide higher capacity and data rates. This will allow new applications to be developed but will require new terminals. The most obvious scenario is for existing GSM operators to migrate through GSM 2+ to GSM/UMTS hybrid networks.


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GSM HistoryStudent Notes:


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GSM HistoryStudent Notes:


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Basic Network Overview


Section 3


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3-1


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Basic Network OverviewObjectives


After completing this lesson you will be able to: List the 3 sub-systems of a GSM system and their interfaces. List the different equipment in each GSM sub-system.

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3-2


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Basic Network OverviewTraffic/Signaling Traffic"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

bla bla bla...

Signaling

RING ! riiiiing

Network

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3-3

The network can carry two types of information: Traffic: it concerns all the user to user information. It can be voice as well as data. Signaling: the network also requires to carry information for its own working. Their purposes are numerous: traffic data routing, maintenance, security... These data are usually not visible from users point of view. There exists several signaling types: PTS (Per-Trunk Signaling): signaling and voice component are transmitted on the same facility. PTS requires the voice component to be completely built, even if the call cant be completed. CCS (Common Channel Signaling): two separate paths are used for information transfer (one for traffic, another for all-related signaling information). Thus, CCS allows the voice component to be built separately which allows resources to be saved. For instance, no voice facilities would be assigned to the call if the dialed number is busy. GSM works with CCS(#7)


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Basic Network OverviewNetwork OverviewBTS

BSSBSC

NSSMSC

PSTN


MS

OMC-RPE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000

OSSBasic Network Overview

OMC-S3-4

A GSM system is basically designed as a combination of three major subsystems: the Network SubSystem (NSS), the radio subsystem called the Base station SubSystem (BSS), and the Operation SubSystem (OSS). The Network SubSystem (NSS) includes the equipment and functions related to end-to-endcalls, management of subscribers, mobility, and interfaces with the fixed network (PSTN). It is built on the switch of the system called Mobile-services Switching Center (MSC). The Base station SubSystem (BSS) includes the equipment and functions related to the management of the connection on the radio path. It mainly consists of Base Transceiver Stations (BTS) communicating with the Mobile Station (MS) and one Base Station Controller (BSC) managing the flow of information between the BTSs and the MSC. The Operation SubSystem (OSS) mainly contains Operation and Maintenance Center for NSS (OMC-S) and Operation and Maintenance Center devoted to the BSS (OMC-R). It is connected to all equipment in the switching system and to the BSC (BTSs are not connected to the OSS). Any mobile network or PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) is related to a public fixed network, commonly to the PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network).


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Basic Network OverviewMobile StationMobile Station


SIM Card

=+

Handset

Battery

Global GSM Mobility CardThe Smart Card to use

battery

+f1534542W jmhfod kgdjipj

GSM

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3-5

The Mobile Station (MS) is composed of three parts: the handset includes the radio equipment (receiver-transmitter) and the Man-Machine Interface (MMI), the SIM card (Subscriber Identity Module-card): this smart card allows the identification of any subscriber (not only of his equipment) by the network. In particular, he can borrow any mobile without changing anything from the network point of view since he keeps the same SIM-card, the battery.


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Basic Network OverviewSIM-Card and GSM Mobile Equipment

SIM-Card"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

=


+

Calling line 0609225831

GSMContains: - IMSI

Subscriber knows - Called party number = MS-ISDN - PIN

HandsetPE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Basic Network Overview 3-6

The GSM committee has introduced an important powerful innovation by using a Smart Card in conjunction with a mobile telephone. Thus GSM subscribers are provided with a Subscriber Identity Module card (SIM-Card) with its unique identification at the very beginning of the service. The subscriber is identified within the system when he inserts the SIM-Card in the mobile equipment and switches it on. This provide a considerable amount of flexibility to the subscribers since they can use any GSM-specified mobile equipment. With the SIM-Card the idea of "personal communication" is already realized: the user only needs to take his smart card on a trip. You can rent a mobile equipment unit at the destination, even in other country, and insert your own SIM-Card. Any call you make will be charged to your home GSM account. Also the GSM system is able to reach you at the mobile unit you are currently using. The Mobile Station (MS) includes radio equipment and the man machine interface (MMI) that a subscriber needs in order to access the services provided by the GSM network. Mobile Stations can be installed in vehicles or can be portable or hand-held stations. The mobile station includes provisions for data communication as well as voice. Mobile Stations transmit and receive messages to and from the GSM over the air interface to establish and continue connection through the system. Each mobile station has an International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI) that is permanently stored in the mobile unit. Upon request, the MS sends this number over the signaling channel to the network. The IMEI is used to identify mobile units that are reported stolen or operating incorrectly.


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Basic Network OverviewThe SIM-Card FunctionsCredit Card Size

SIM-Card


Global GSM Mobility Card15 mm 25 mm

The Smart Card to use

Permanent data:- Unique mobile subscriber identity through IMSI number, - Authentication parameter Ki, - Authentication algorithm A3, - Generating encryption key Kc algorithm A8.

GSMMicrochip with stored user information

Removable data:- Temporary Mobile Subscriber Number, - Location Area Identification.Basic Network Overview 3-7

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The SIM-Card is a removable smart card, the size of a credit card, and contains an integrated circuit chip with a microprocessor, random access memory, and read-only memory. Many MSs use the SIM-Card which can be snapped out of the credit card SIM, if required. When a mobile users want to make a call, they insert their SIM-Card and provide their Personal Identity Number (PIN), which is compared with a PIN stored within the SIM-CARD. The PIN can also be permanently bypassed by the subscribers if authorized by the service provider. Disabling the PIN code simplifies the call setup but reduces the protection of the user's account in the event of a stolen SIM-CARD.


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Basic Network OverviewSubscriber Identification

IMSINatureInternational Mobile Subscriber Identity

MS - ISDNMobile Station Integrated Services Digital Network Nb Similar to ISDN, Conformity with E164/E213National Significant Mobile Number


Conformity with E212Identify a PLMN worldwide Identify the subscriber of a PLMN

Format Meaning

MCCMobile Country Code

MNCMobile Network Code

H1 H2

x x x ......... x x x

MSIN

CC

NDC

M1 M2

xx xx xx xx

SN

Mobile Subscriber Ident. Nb H1 H2 = Identity of HLR within the home PLMN

Country National Mobile Subscriber Code (national definition) (where Destination subscription Code * M1 M2 = nbr of logical HLR has been made)

Nb. digits

3

2

max 10

1 to 3

2 to 4

total max 15

* This code does not identify a geographical area but an operatorPE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Basic Network Overview 3-8

The International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) is the primary identification of the subscriber within the GSM network and is permanently assigned to him. The Mobile Subscriber ISDN Number (MSISDN) is the number that the calling party dials in order to reach the GSM subscriber. It is used by the land networks to route calls toward an appropriate GSM network. MSISDN is stored in HLR.


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Basic Network OverviewMobile Identification


PE ED TY OV PR AP

TACType Approval Code

FAC

SNRSerial number

SP(SPare)

Final Assembly Code

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3-9

Stored inside the Mobile Equipment. Used to replace IMSI or TMSI when both are unavailable (example: Emergency calls without SIM-Card) or when required by the network (for maintenance). Can be used for EIR database updating (when existing): TAC = 6 digits describing the type of equipment, FAC = 2 digits for identification of the factory, SNR = 6 digits for the serial number of the device.


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Basic Network OverviewMS Classmark

Classmark"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Revision level (Phase 1, 2, 2+) RF power Encryption algorithm (A5/1,A5/2) Frequency (900/1800/1900) Short message

Power classes Class 1 2 3 4 5* **

GSM 900

GSM 1800 1 W**

GSM 1900 1 W** 0.25 W 4W

8 W* 5W 2 W** 0.8 W

0.25 W 4W

Typical value for car mounted Typical value for handheld3-10

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The type of MS must be given to the NSS at the beginning of each new connection, because this type can change between calls. The subscriber may insert this SIM-Card into another Mobile Equipment (ME). The classmark of each MS can contain up to five parameters: revision level, RF power capability, encryption algorithm: A5/1, A5/2, frequency capability: P-GSM (2 x 25 MHz), E-GSM (2 x 35 MHz), R-GSM MHz), GSM 1800, GSM 1900, short message capability. This classmark is sent when the system establishes the radio link between MS and the Base Transceivers Stations. The power class information is the maximum power the MS is able to transmit and is used by the network for several procedures: selection, power control, handover. (2 x 4


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Basic Network OverviewTrends in Mobile Station


Pocket

Hands-free

Booster 2W 5W 2W 8W

Data

Dual-band 900-1800 900-1900

FaxPE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000

OrganizerBasic Network Overview

PC

Java3-11

Trends for MS are: Hands-free (2 W + booster 5 W). Increasing autonomy: - idle mode: 40 hours to 140 hours, - communication mode: 4 hours to 15 hours, Supplementary features (e.g. display of calling number). Additional features (e.g. voice recognition). Connection with terminals for data transmission: - Modem on PCMCIA board for Laptop PC. - Modem integrated. Dual-band terminal (GSM 900/1800 MHz). Radio organizer (Nokia 9000). Versatile terminal (under JAVA softwares): fax, internet, pager, organizer.


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Basic Network OverviewBSS Architecture

MSCA Interface"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

TCUS2000H&L BTS

Radio Interface

NSS

Public Telephone Network

Ater Interface

OMC-R

BSC

Abis Interface

S8000 Outdoor BTS Radio Interface

MS

OMN Interface

SunStorEdge A5000

BSSJanuary, 2000 Basic Network Overview

S8000 Indoor BTS

MS3-12

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The Base Station SubSystem (BSS) is a set of equipment (aerials, transceivers and a controller) that is viewed by the Mobile Switching Center through a single A interface as being the entity responsible for communicating with mobile telephones or Mobile Stations (MSs) in a certain area. The radio equipment of a BSS may be composed of one or more cells, such a BSS may contain one or more Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs). The interface between the BSC and the BTSs is called an Abis interface. The BSS includes two types of equipment: the Base Transceiver Station (BTS functionally includes also the TRAU) in contact with the mobile stations through the radio interface, the BSC, the latter being in contact with the Mobile Switching Center. A BSS contains only one Base Station Controller (BSC). The function split is basically between a transmission equipment, the BTS, and the BSC.


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Basic Network OverviewNSS ArchitectureAuC"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

EIR

PSTN

BSC

MSCBSC

VLR

HLR

MSC

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3-13

BSCs of a same area are connected to a switch. In a GSM system this switch is called MSC (Mobile Switching Center). MSCs are connected to each others. Usually, each MSC is associated to four databases. The Visitor Location Register (VLR) memorizes information about the subscribers physically present in a geographic area. If a subscriber leaves this area, this information is stored in the VLR of another MSC. Each Home Location Register (HLR) is related to a precise number of subscribers. The information present in a subscribers HLR are quite similar to these contained in the VLR of the area where he is but, here, this information is static. Thus the VLR stands for a copy of the HLR more easily available (the VLR and the MS are in the same area). They are always linked, since the HLR memorizes the identity number of the VLR where it can find its subscriber. Authentication Center (AuC): Radio channel use sets a problem of communication safety. In particular operators have to pay attention to the fraudulent resources use. Therefore the network is provided with a system of user authentication. The Equipment Identity Register (EIR) is a list of all the Mobile Equipment: it contains valid and invalid mobile equipment. When a communication comes from the PSTN to a given subscriber, it enters the network in the MSC that contains the subscribers HLR. This MSC is called GMSC (Gateway MSC).


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Basic Network OverviewCheck Your Learning1- How many sizes of SIM-Card are there?


2- What is an IMSI? a MSISDN? an IMEI?

3- What is a PIN code?

4- Is it possible for a given subscriber to have several MSISDN?

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3-14

1- How many sizes of SIM-Card are there?

2- What is an IMSI? a MSISDN? an IMEI?

3- What is a PIN code?

4- Is it possible for a given subscriber to have several MSISDN?


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Basic Network OverviewStudent Notes:


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Basic Network OverviewStudent Notes:


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Services


Section 4

Services

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Services

4-1


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ServicesObjectives

This section explores the services that are provided in a GSM network."Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

After completing this section you will be able to: Relate the services that can be offered to GSM subscribers

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Services

4-2


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ServicesTeleservices1 - Telephony

Hello"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

Speaking

Originated call

1

Speaking Hello

Terminated call

1

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Teleservices cover regular telephony, emergency calls, voice messaging, and short messages handling. The most important service provided by GSM users is telephony which enables bi-directional speech calls to be placed between GSM users and any telephone subscriber who is reachable through the general telephony network. Fixed telephone subscribers worldwide as well as mobile network subscribers or subscribers of specific networks connected to a public telephone network can be reached. Before either Mobile Originated or Mobile Terminated calls can be established, the mobile telephone must be switched on and registered into the system.


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ServicesTeleservices2 - Emergency Call



Emergency 112

GSM

Do not require a SIM-Card while "112" is invokedPE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Services 4-4

To place an emergency call enter 112 followed by SEND. Additional means to place such call are also allowed by a dedicated button. The Mobile Telephone supports the initiation of an emergency call without a SIM present in it, regardless of the call being accepted or not by the network. Note that calls to national emergency services may be standard for the country of the serving GSM network (number 17 to call the police in France, number 911 to make an emergency call in U.S.A.). However, with the exception of code "112", these are not treated within the GSM network as "teleservice emergency call" and would require a valid IMSI.


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ServicesTeleservices3 - Short Message Cell Broadcast

me ssa ge A"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

me ssa ge

eA sag me s

B

Information Provider A

eA sag mes B ge ssa me

ge sa es m

B

mess age BA

m

ge sa es

Information Provider B

GSM NetworkPE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Services 4-5

The cell broadcast enables an Information Provider to submit short messages for broadcasting to a specified area within the GSM network. The cell broadcast service has the following features: The cell broadcast message is sent (on control channels) in a limited area, defined by the originator of the message, by agreement with the GSM Operator. The mobile telephone only receive the broadcast message in idle mode. The short message function running in the mobile is able not to store broadcast messages which are not wanted or which have already been received. The mobile telephone does not send acknowledgment. The GSM network continuously sends cell broadcast messages so that all such messages are sent in turn, an then repeated. On the other hand, the cycle time is short enough for important messages to be received by travelers (subscribers) moving through a group of cells. The maximum length of each cell broadcast message will be 93 characters and GSM specifications allows up to 15 of these 93 character messages treated as segment of a longer message.


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ServicesTeleservices4 - Short Message Service


Radio PLMN

SMS-MO/ PP

SMS-SCRadio PLMN

SMS-MT/ PP

Copyright 1996 Northern Telecom

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Short Message Service (SMS) allows the point to point transmission of a short message to/from MS, using their IMSI. A short message is an alphanumeric string that can be up to 160 characters long (140 octets). Two different types of short message are defined: short message MT/PP (Mobile Terminated / Point to Point), short message MO/PP (Mobile Originated / Point to Point). Point to point messages may be sent or received when the MS is engaged on a call (voice or data), or in idle mode. However, messages which overlap the boundary of such a call, or during a handover, may be lost, in which case they will be sent again. Messages may be input to the SC from a fixed network customer by means of a suitable telecommunication service either from the fixed network or from a mobile network customer. An acknowledgment indicates that the GSM Network has successfully transferred the message to the mobile telephone or the SC. Optionally, the SC may offer final delivery notification to the originator. This delivery report indicates whether this particular message has been correctly received at the receiving station or not, to the extent that the SC is able to establish this. It does not indicate whether the message has been read. If the delivery report is negative, it includes the failure cause. The delivery report is sent to the originator, if reachable, as soon as the information is available.


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ServicesTeleservices5 - Fax Alternate Speech and Fax:


Automatic fax:

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Fax transmissions are possible via a PLMN only with a Fax-group3 (14.4 kbps). Two modes are available: manual mode allows to switch alternatively from voice transmission to fax transmission, automatic mode allows to send and receive a fax without any human intervention; however, voice transmission is impossible in this mode.


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ServicesTeleservices6 - User's Data Call Features Embodied bearer treatments for radio transmission Cable that bears data Teleservices Fax G3, SMS


Teleservices voice

Data / Fax kit adaptation

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Connections can be made with a suitable data/fax kit adaptation either to other Mobile Station or to other data users on circuit-switched (PSTN). The slide gives an example of a suitable data/fax kit and a computer that are directly connected to the MS. In the case of making a Fax-call to a PSTN subscriber, the GSM network automatically selects the suitable modem for the link to the similar modem at the remote end.


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ServicesTeleservices7 - Voice MessagingBusy Please leave a message after the toneForward to voice mail box


1

GSM networkYou have 3 voices messages...

Voice mail box

Retrieving the voice messages

Voice message server

Warming up...PE/TRD/GR/0101 12.01/EN January, 2000 Services 4-9

Another service derived from telephony is voice messaging. Many operators offer it as a basic feature. It enables a voice message to be stored for later retrieval by the mobile recipient, either because he was not reachable at time of the call or because the calling party choose to access the voice mailbox of the GSM subscriber directly.


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ServicesSupplementary ServicesCalling Party CoLP CLIR

1 - Line Identification

Calling Line Identificationpresentation (CLIP) (CLIR)

Called Party CLIP CoLR


restrictionCnted line 0609173957

Connected Line Identificationpresentation restriction (CoLP) (CoLR)

Calling line 0609225831

Calling Name Presentation(CNAP)Services

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Calling line identification presentation (CLIP) provides the ability to indicate the ISDN number of the calling party with possible additional address information to the called party. This identity is provided to the called subscriber before answering, thus enabling him to make the decision of whether to take the call or not. Calling line identification restriction (CLIR) enables the calling party not to send any address information to the called party. Connected line identification presentation (CoLP) provides the GSM caller with the phone number he has reached. Connected line identification restriction (CoLR) enables the called party not to send its phone number to the calling party. Calling Name Presentation (CNAP) provides the calling party name instead of the ISDN number. However, this service is not yet specified by GSM recommendations.


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ServicesSupplementary Services2 - Call Transfer and Call Forwarding


unconditional on busy on no reply

(CFU) (CFB) (CFNRy)1 2

on not reachable (CFNRc)

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Call forwarding unconditional (CFU) allows a called mobile subscriber to have the network send all incoming calls, which are addressed to the called mobile subscribers directory number, to another directory number. Call forwarding on mobile subscriber busy (CFB): allows a called mobile subscriber to have the network send the incoming calls, which are addressed to the called mobile subscribers directory number and which meet mobile subscriber busy, definition to another directory number. Call forwarding on no reply (CFNRy) allows an called mobile subscriber to have the network send the incoming calls, which are addressed to the subscribers directory number and which meet no reply, to another directory number. Call forwarding on MS not reachable (CFNRc) provides for a mobile subscriber to have the network send all incoming calls, which are addressed to the called mobile directory number and meet the not reachable definition, to another directory number.


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ServicesSupplementary Services3 - Waiting / Hold and Multi PartyWAIT 1"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

HOLD

2

1

2

Waiting / Hold:

1

Multi Party:

1

Max = 5 persons

2

2

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Call waiting (CW): provides a mobile subscriber with the possibility of being notified of an incoming call while his mobile telephone is in the busy state. Subsequently, the user can either answer, reject, or ignore the incoming call. Both the call waiting and call hold (described further) options are the same as those offered by the PSTN. Call Hold (HOLD): allows a served mobile subscriber to interrupt communication on an existing call and then subsequently, if desired, to reestablish communication. Multi party service (MPTY): This Supplementary Service provides a mobile subscriber with the ability to have a multi-connection call, in other words a simultaneous communication with more than one party. A precondition for the multi-party service is that the served mobile subscriber is in control of one active call and one call on hold, both calls having been answered. In this situation the served mobile subscriber can request the network to begin the multiParty service. Once a multiParty call is active, remote parties may be added, disconnected or separated (i.e.. removed from the multiParty call but remain connected to the served mobile subscriber). The maximum number of remote parties is 5.


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ServicesSupplementary Services4 - Call Barring


Outgoing (BAOC) Outgoing international (BOIC) Outgoing international except home PLMN country (BOIC-exHC)

Incoming (BAIC) Incoming when roaming outside (BIC-Roam)

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Barring of all outgoing call (BAOC): makes it possible for a mobile subscriber to prevent all outgoing calls. Barring outgoing international calls (BOIC): allows a mobile subscriber to prevent all attempted outgoing calls. BOIC except those directed to the home PLMN country (BOIC-exHC) Barring of all incoming international (BAIC). Barring of all incoming calls when roaming outside the home GSM network country (BIC-Roam): makes it possible for a mobile subscriber to prevent all incoming calls that would otherwise be terminated at his directory number. This only applies to the case when the mobile subscriber roams outside his home GSM network.


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ServicesSupplementary Services5 - Call Completion (CCBS)

NEW!"Confidential information -- may not be copied or disclosed without permission".

BUSY ...

Unable to place a call.1

Speaking

Speaking

2

Reinitiate the call Ring !1

This call in state

Ring !Idle

SPEAKING

Call is established

HELLO1

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Completion of calls to busy subscribers (CCBS): allows a calling mobile subscriber who encounters a busy called subscriber to be notified by the system operator when the busy called subscriber becomes free and have the operator re-initiate the call if the caller so desires. This feature has to be supported by both the originating and the terminating networks.


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ServicesSupplementary Services6

sy-1

Documents