A{

UGC Model Curriculum

Cu:lqg#5idjbe. 'S

1,1,. lt. trirst Yr':tr St'coud St'lttestcr (--ottrscs .t Sludies

Pape r 5' -.t 7;; i.t p Tutla nce

The l'aptrr consists of .lurisprrdcnce.

L=F/I .:I J U RISP RUDENC E

Obiectives of the course

Attheheirrrofthelega|enterpriseistheconceptof|aw.Withoutadeepunderstandingofthis

concepr r.rerther legal education nor legal practice can be a purposive activity orientecl towards

. attainment of justice in society. Moreover, without a comprehension of the cognitive and teleological

. {oundation:; of the discip'ne, pedagogy becomes a mere teaching of the rures' tt is unable to

b. present.various statutes, cases, procedure, praetices,and Qustoms as a systemaJ.ic ,n9.fy,ot

\-. . rknowrecrge,

r10r is .it abre to show the inter-connection between these various branches of law'

procedures and principtes. The fact that the basic nature and purpose of raw should be clear to

. every studerrt and that it shourd be the very foundation of raw teabhing needs little argument' A

. course in jurisprudence shourd, primariry, induct the student into a realm of questions concerning

raw so rnat he is abre to rive with their perptexity or comprexity arrd is driv;en to seek out answers for

himselt.

.b|ethataoneyearjurisprudencecoursecanimpartknow|edgeofdoctrinesIt may rrot be possl '"""t'--- ._ .^-:^, ,rical situations. At

ubqtlj* and justrce, developed over the years' in various nations and histo

best.an undergracruate course shourd impartthe anarytical skill and equip the studentwith the

basic probrems cor.rcerning raw and the types of sorutions sought. Thus, the student not only 'will

be abre to use this ski, in practice but also is motivateclto take up detailed historical studies on his

,own after the course. since a basic idea in .the designing of this course is td biing jurisprudence

closertoqurrea|itY,inthese|ectionofcasesandreadingmaterialstheteachershouldtrytomake

use of the Indian material as far as possible :

The cour.se will comprise of 84 units of one hour duration'

@.?

u,l

iq

i.dlt-.Ii.

/3i-J {

Syllabas

1. Introductiott

1.1. Meaning of the

1.2. Norms and the

term 'jurisPrudence'

normative sYstem'

units#

la.t

@ ,6

+7I

1.2.i. Different types of norrnative systems, such as of games, languages, religious orders.

unions, clubs attd customary practice.

1.2.p. Legal system as a normative order: similarities and differences of the legal system

with other normative systems.

1.3. Nature and definition of law.

2. Schools of Jurisprudence

2.1. Analyticalpositivism

2.2. Natural law

3.1.5. Feminist jurisPrudence

c

4. Sources of Law

4.1. Legislation ,iir.,

4.2. Precedents: concept of stare decisis

4.3. Customb

4.4. Juristic writings

-sr+itFf5

uettsfl

3.

2.3. Historical school

2.4. Sociologicalschool

2.5. Economic interpretation of law

2.6. The Bharat jurisprudence

2.6.1. The Ancient: the concept of 'Dharma

2.6.2. The Modern: PlL, social justice, compenseitory jurisprudence

Purpose of Law

3.1. Justice

3.1.1. Meaning and kinds

3.1.2. Justice and law: approaches of different schools

3.1.g. Power of the Supreme Court of India to do complete justice in a case: Arlicle 142

3.1.4. Critical studies

1-'{?rt t

tt"?.il

6.

.a

d_

lC

2V

UGC Modol Cur r tctrlr'trrt

tut+frst-egat Rights: the ConcePt

ij.1 . lliglrts' kittcls

5 2. Right dLrrY correlation

dts1.6. Persons

6.1. Nature ot PersonalitY

6.2.Statusoftheunborn,minor,|unatic,drunkenanddeadpersons]

6.3. CorPorate PersonalitY' f. .

't'.

6.4. Drmensicns oi lhe modern legal personality: Legal oersonalif$ftHlgtuman beings

Possession: the ConcePt

7.1 . Kinds. of Possession

OwnershiP :the ConcePt

8.1.. Kinds of ownershiPi

8.2. Difference between possession and ownership

Title

PropertY: the concePt

10.1 . Kinds of ProPedY

LiabilitY l

11.1. Conditions for imposing liability

11.1.1. Wrongful act

11.1.2. Damnum sine injuria

1 1 .1 .3. Causation

11.1.4. Mens rea

r r ]r .s. Intention

a

" '." tttrit€€:

\&ii|..t\

. 1,!r

.l

'ii'f1, ri-*

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

:r:.

',, ',]

.r|[+*s*-

units#

/r

.'' ' ,:

rt

ii&::{ti; ....-;ar.-rd .,, .1,.:i-

fl

11.i.6. luialice

. '1 1.1.7 ' Negtigence and recklessness

i 1.1'B' Strict liabilitY

1 1.1.9' Vrcarious liabilitY

12. Obligation: Nature and kinds

1.2.1' Sources of obligation

I

13. Procedure

13.1 .

13.2.

;t

I

*{

)cedural laws: diflerenceSubstantive and Prc

Evidence: Nature and kinds

Select bibliograPhY

Bodenheim er Jurisprudence-rhe phirosophy and Method of Law (1996)' Universal '

Delhi'

,t

Fitzgerald'(ed') Sa/mo nd on Jurisprudence (1999)-Tripathi' Bombay

W. Friedma nn' rcgatTheory(1999)' Universal' Delhi'

' u.o. Malraian, Jurisprudence and LegalTheory(1996 re-print) ' Eastern' Lucknow

M.D.AFreeman(ed.),L/oyd,slntroductiontJurisprtJdence,(1994)'Sweet&Maxwe||

Paton G'W', Junspruderrce (1972) Oxford' ELBS

H.L.A' Hart,.T'he Concepts of Law(1970) Oxford' ELBS

Roscoe pond, tntroduction to the phirosophy of Law(199g Re-print) Universal' Delhi'

olur,.lrrirp rudence(1994 First lndian re-print)' Adithya Books' New Delhi'

Dhyanis.N.,Ju,.isprudence..AstrrdyoflndianLegalTheory(1985),Metropolitan'

usils#

Jflril# %r##

T\

..4

"" ct fr

UGC Mlad,ji Curr;culttnl

l!rIF\-rt

elr.

Paper 6-Cottslitulionat Lnw offi'1-haqrper{}ensigsrpt}e'Csi;51ft

g-€-m$f Iirdi:f l)1'r)

State of M. P. Vs. Ramashanker Raghuvanshi (AIItigSf SC 374) (Equality in public Service)'

State of U. P. Vs. Mohd. Shariff (AIR 1982 SC 937)

AG"i"""uti opportunity in Department enquiry)'

Frances coralie Mullan Vs. the Administratiol .9fb;i;l (AiR-ig8r sc.z+6) (Rieht to Equalitv & Litcand Personal libertY).A. K. Rov Vs. Union of India (AIR 1982 SC 710)(Ordinanie Making power of Prcsidcnt)'

Bisharnber Dayal Vs. State of U' P. (AIR 1982 SC

5j) (EreeOom 6f Mov"nrent of Goods)' :ii'

Objective of tlrc course

rndia is a democracy and her constitution embodies the main principres of the democratic

government_ how it comes into being, what are its powers, functions, responsibirities and obrigations-

how power is rimited and distributed. whatever might have been the originar power base of the

constitution, today it seems to have acquired regitimacy as a highest norm of public law' A good

understanding of the constitution and the raw, which has deveroped through constitutional

amendments, judiciar decisions, constitutionar practice and conventions is, therefore, absolutely

necessary for.a student oi raw. He must arso know the genesis, nature and speciar features and

be aware of the social, potitical and economic influence on the constitution'

The purpose or teaching constitutionar raw is to highright its rrever-ending growth. constitutional

interpretation is bound to be inJruenced by one's sociar, economic or political predilections' A

student must, therefore, rearn rrow.various interpretations of the constitution are possible and why

a significant interpretation was adopted in a particurar situation. such a critical approach is necessary

requirement in the study of constitutional law'

Judiciat review is an important aspect of constitutional law' India is the onf co1nt".*^.tt:^:j:

.iudiciary has the powrto review even constirutional amendments' The application

" o"?:::::^t,ll:

objective in the evaluation of executive actions is an interesting development of Indian constitutional

|aw.Paripasutheconceptcfsecu^|arismandfederajismengraved.intheconstitutionare,andare

to be, interPreted ProgressivelY'

The forowing syrabus prepared with this perspective wit comprise of about g4 Units of one'Hour

'duration'

Syllabus

rffiCases-(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

,nd sPiritual influence'

h

ra

A

t

.i_("

1 .3. NlaKing oi irtcirir.: L ' 'rritlilc)ri

1.4. Nature and spec:ial icaiures o{ the constitutton'

3.4.

3.5.

3.6.

w

2. ParliamentarY Government

2.l,Westministermode|-choiceoiparliamentarygovernmentattheCentreandStates.

2.2. President of India

2.1.1. Election, qualifications' salary and impeachment

2.1.2. Powers : legislative' executive and discretionary powers

2.g. Council of Ministers

2.4. Governor and state government - constitutional relationship'

2.5. Legislative Process

2.5.1. Practice of law-making'

2.5.2' Legislative privileges and fundamental rights'

2.6.PrimeMinister.cabinetSystem.collectiveresponsibility.individua|

2.7. CoalitionGoverrrment: Anti-defectionLaw'

3. Federalism

3'1. Federatism ' principles: comparative stucly

g.2- lndian Federalism: identification of federal features

g.2.1' Legislativerelations

g.2.2. Administrative relations

g.2.3. Financialrelatioirs

3'3. Governbr's role

Centre's powers over the states - emergency

J & K'sPecial status

Challenges to lrrdian federalisnt

ffiF5

resPonsibilitY'

wff#

||,

\.f,

L{#'!_**:W

I

@Corrstitutiotral Proccsses of Adaptation and Alteration

Mothocls oi cor';slitutional amendmertt

Li rn r ta t i o I r s Lr [.)( : | ) o'J r] s t i I u e rl t powe r

4.3. Development of tlre basic Structure : Doctrine judicial

Secularism

5.1 . Concept of secularism : historical perspective

5.2. lndian constitutional provision ?a'

5.3.

5.4.

5.5.

EqualitY

6.1.

6.2.

6.3.

6.4.

B,i

&4.

UGC Model Curriculum

'u*it6#-

activism and restraint

u€itg€t'

scheduled tribes and

A1

4..4

5.

\

Freedom of religion - scope

Religion and the state: the limits

Minority rights

and Social Justice units 5

Equality before the law and equal protection of 'laws

classif ication for differential treatment: constitutidnal validity

Gender justice

Justice to the weaker sections of society: scheduled castes'

other'backwards classes

Strategies for ameliorative justice

6.

6.5.

7. Freedoms and Social Controlunits 10

7.1. SPeech and exPressiorl

7.1.1. Media, Press and information

7.2. Freedom of speech and contempt

7.3. Freedom of assemblY

7.4. Freedom of associationc

7.5. Freedom of movement

7.6. Freedom to reside and settle'

/:i

of court

q\

.a

It.1 ll

7 .7 Freedom of profession/business

7.8. Propeny: from fundamental right to consiitutional right

$FitsfPersonal LibertY

B.l.Rightsofanaccusecl.doub|ejeopardy-Se|f-|ncriminationretroactivepunishment

8.2. Right to life and personal liberly : meaning' scope and limitations

8.3. Preventive detention - constitutional policy

9; ' Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles

g.l.DirectivePrincip|es-directionsforsocialchange.Anewsocialorder.

g.2.FundamentalRightsandDirectivePrinciples-inter.re|ationship.judicialba|ancing.

9.3. Constitutional amendments - to strengthen Directive 'Principles'

9.4. Reading Direciive Principles into Fundamental Rights :

r"Fitsf s-\,#

ffi10. Fundamental duties

10.1' The need and status in constitutional set up

1O.2.lnterreIationshipwithfundamenta|rightsarrc|directiveprinciples

11. EmergencY

11.1. Emergency' meaning and scope

)ncy - conditions11.2. Proclamation of emerg(

' relations'

11.3. Emergency and suspension of fundamental rights

12.' Judiciary under the Constitution0

.12'1. Judicial Propess

12.1.1. Cout't system

12'1.2. The SuPreme Courl

12.1 .3. High Courts

f,rtrtt#-..

-ef{ect of emergency on Centre- State

qDtibs

+:r.

.t

ffil| .!,rI 'd..

.6rI.r ,lil

I.

ii:i ;i,i

';'t,

'.i

iilI rii iiii!li!t;ii t;;rtiili1ilitalli

illlifi5r

tDti

L

IiI

::;.{.'.i..f ..

:_

,.*,li'

bu

12.1 .A. subordirraro i!riir()riIry_

-+ removar, lrlr;,,;ter and

12'1'5 Juctges : appointm€ot' Ietttuvq!) '

lllclcpendenc(]

12 2 Judrcral review . nature anci scope

13. Services under the Constitution

13.1 ' Doctrine o{ pleasure (Art' 310)

1g'2' Protection against arbitrary dismissal' removal'

13'3' ExcePiions to Art'31 1

U('C Mcc':l ()rtr r iotttun t

':e: iuclicialcondition of servl(

:::,:'j:t:;':r,"^ocrstic constitutio^,

rn"^.,no,un Expenditrre (2000) oxford

D.D.Basu'shorterConstittttionoflndia'(1996)'p'unt't"Hall'oflndia'Delhi

.Constitutent Assembly Debates Vol' 1 to 12 (1989

ot'1 -3(1 992)' 1'rrPathi' Bombay

H.tvl.seerv a\', constitution of lndia'Y' (2000),oxford r. ,

,

M.P.Singh(ed')' V'N'shukla' Constitiuiional

Law of lndiaj":^' \'/^'Y - : 'l

esr:ne of a Nation(1972)' :

G. Austin, Indian constitution: corn ward ctasses inlndia(1gg4)

oxtord

M. Galante t ' Competi\g Equatities ' Law and the BackwarQ " ,:":,

, B. Sivaramay ya' lnequalitites and the Law(1984) Eastern' Lucknow'

S'C.Kashyap,HumanRightsandPartiament(1978)Metropolitan,Newo:,n.''

tffi

or reduction ln rank (Art'311)

A

r.'.j;'it

ll

. .t

--

:i-A v

r,ti.'. r:r nl i.r nivr:rsl :'r

.,,,,,1rt -). t,;t,t, (',i .i.'li'iiiI11,r;", q,,,l

i',t1,cr {'i:'i:ttt.!;t,Lttrt "ii (.\it:.t!iti: l1:v').

i:--. ---i.* t,- /=-:----':--:.1:-r *i.r+-re-=1+tii+i=-.5;+-+:!. I : I Li 1

,-r-ir:1.ig;-r.9-11;*16-sr*-I). ".1*,

fr

Syllabus --_,_->

Casrs-- -/-'-(a) Arunecir:ri ,\lud:rl.ier Vs. Murugnath.(AlR ll)'i.l S. C. 495)

, (b) Altttttaihrrurct rr I)c.llr.ttrtlirkcc & otScrs Vs.K unltrrr.!:hln ,r. llrrlkrishna &- others.(AlR r967 S. C..495)

Oblectives of the coursc

The course structuie ts oesigneii mainly with three objectives in view' one ts to provide adequate

sociological perspectives so that the basic concepts relating to family are expounded in their social

setting. The next obJective is to give an overvlew of some of the current problems arising out oi the

foundational inequalilies writ large in the various family concepts' The third objective is to view

family law not me[ely as a separate system of personal laws based upon religions but as the one

cutring across the religious lines and eventually enablin-g u$ to fulfillthe conslitutional directive of

/uniform civil code. such a restructuring would make the study of familial relations more meaningful'

The Bar council of India llas suggested that the Family Law is to be taught in two courses while the

cDc had prepared the sylldbus for a comprehensive full course on Family Law' The cDc syllabi

being elaborate embracing various aspects'of Family Law, each university Board of studies has

t'he discretion to divide the CDC paper on Family Law into two'

Thefollowingsyllabuspreparedwiththisperspectivewill'thus'compriseaboutl68unitsofone-

hour duration.

*

udtsr+

_9t

(c)

(d)

(e)

Cascs.-

(a)

(b)

Nl,r'azisir Ali Khan V/s(Alt< Ig.ll P. c, I j4\.

It*ig {-,hnrad Vs. A,i;,a(ArR P. c. 2J).

es regulating to marital

i t(ro { (irty (a 0,mposite.

(c) Zain Yar Jung Vs. D;rcctor of Endorvments.(ArR 1963 S. C. 9s5).

(d) Habibur Itt'lrnran Vs. Altaf Ali.(AIR l92t P. C. 159).(c) Kapoorchund Vs. Kidar Nissa.

(AtR l9_53 S. C.4t]).

a.o

, .a

! yituh,l In, r0

Sarvanranr Vs. i\,lrs. Katawati.(ArR 1967 S. C. l761)Btriva Apirrr Vs. Snit. Colliklbai.(Ailt t97ri s. L-. 791)

-I)htrmeirtinl ii uni;ii Vs. Usha. :ii,.

iArF- 1977 s. c. 21s)

-l-r^-^hal Oflo r r'q..,-

AIi Raza Khan.

Khatoon.

F: ":-ir' ,:

.. Lt

'T

'jr'+ai&L! r4f\!1r!3*r1Fd 1i-- -:1 r"'f e!*:!@r&r#

Cusfotttary llracticcs atrd Statc rcgulatiott

2.5. DowrY

3. Conversion and its effect on family

3.1. Marriage

3.2. AdoPtion

3.3. GuardianshiP

3.4. Succession

(ln view of the conflict ol inter-personal laws,

affects the lamily and whether it is compatible

such problems would stand resolved with the

basics that need to be exa'nined).

q!ffi'e

conversion is causing problems' How converston

with the concept of secularism and to what extent

enactment oJ a uniform civil code are some ol' the

{ffio

rci

Uc*s4

obligations

--...,-rl.1':t:\,''.'t''t

(3-7 I\_-/

ge

2.

z. i.

Z t!.

2.3.

2,4.

4. Joint

4.1.

4.2.

4.3.

4.4.

4,5.

4.6.

A-'1.1

4.Bro

4.9.

Polyoatny

(l0ttt:t:l trrtitt le'

Child marriage

Sati

Family

Mitakshara joint familY

Mrlaksnara coparcenary- formation and incidents

Prollt,rty uncier Mitakshara |aw. separate property arld coparcenary propeny

Davabhaga coparcenary- formation and incidents

Property under DaYabhaga law.

Karla of the joint family.- lris position, powers, privileges and

Alierration of property- separate and coparcenary'

Debts-doctrinesofpiousob|igationsandantecedentdebt.

Pa:tition and re-union

.a

t

f

.5.

.Q

4.10. Joint hindu family as a social security institution ancl impact of Hindu Gains of

Learrring Act and various tax laws on it.

4.1 1 . Matrilineal ioint familY

lnheritance

5.1. Hindus

Jffi

S.1 ..1 . Historical perspective of traditional Hindu law as a background to the study of Hindu

Succession Acl 1956.

5.1.2. Succession to property of a Hindu male dying intestate under the plovisions of

Hindu Succession Act 1956 .

. S.1 .3. Devotution of interest in Mitakshara coparcenary with reference to the provisions of

Hindu Succession Act 1956

Succession to property of Hindu female dying intestate under the Hindu Succession

Act 1956.

Disqualification relating to succession

General rules of succession ''q

Marumakkattayam and Aliyasantana laws governing people living in Travancore -

Cochin and the districts of Malabar and South Kanara'

\o

5.1.4.

5.1 5.

5.1 .6.

8._42

q) 1

')'5.2.2.

5.3.

' 5.3.1 .

Muslims .r'

General rules of succession and exclusion from succession.

Classification of heirs under Hanafi and lthna Ashria schools and their shares and

distribution of ProPertY'

Christians, Parsis and Jews

Heirs and their shares and distribution of property under the lndian sucqession Act

of 1925.

wtatrimonial Remedies

6.1 trlon-judicial resolution of marital conflicts'

uffi6.

a. Customarll dissolution of marriage'unilateraldivorce', divorce by mutualconsenl

and other n'lodes of dissolution.

ri.

r,

b.DivorceunderMus|impersona|law-ta|aqandta|aq-e.tafweez.

t\ /

,.1rl."+.

i1 1

hh

6.7.

6.8.

6.9.

6.10.

o, l l.

t i(;C i\4(ro{)i CiFt tt:t'tilt ;

Jucicial tc:;clLltlcll ttl t rtat'tlli

l.Jr,tliil"r'-lf l l ;irriilqe

fjfitiorr of 1rr-lllet 'rY

Feslitrttiorr tll cort;ugai l'rcliit '

Judicial seParation

Desertion: a ground lor nratrrttrotttal rcrraf

Cruelty: a ground tor matrinronial reliei

Adultery: a ground for matrimonial relief

Othe;r grounds for matrimonial relief t

Divorcebymutuatconsentunder:Specia|MarriageAct1954;HinduMarriageAct-

1955; Muslim law (Khula and Mubaraat)'

Bar to matrimonial relief:

Doctrine of striit Proof

Taking advantage of one's own wrong or disability

AccessorY

Connivance

Collusion

Condonation

lmproPer or unnecessarY delaY

Residuarv crause - no o'rer regar ground exists for refusing the matrimonial relief'

"u**6FaS

7. AlimonY and maintenance i ir.)l:i.. r .:'r I i:;ii.i I

M ai n t e n a n c e of n e s I e ct e d w i v e s' d i v o rc e d * t t :' 1":::::'::t:' ::t T' i[T * t ;Maintenance of negtecleo wrvt'D' .,'vvrve-

'-'ons under the Code-ol

and parents wno are unable to support themsel'ues: provlsl

6,12.

6.12.1 .

6.12.2.

6.12.3

6.12.4.

6.12.5.

6.12.6.

6.12.7.

6.12.8.

7.1.

I

72

Crirninal Procedure 1973 -

Alimony and maintenance as an independent remedy:

personal laws,'need for retormingj"ihe [aw

a review under different

h,r'.f

38-t1

kl..:.i: '

/.J

B. Child and the FamilY

8.1 .

8.2.

8.3.

Alirnony ancj nrairttenarlce as an ancillarlr reliet

lvlaintenance of ciivorcecl Musllrn wometr irrrder

'Rights on Divorce) Act 1986 : a critical review.

..@

Muslinr Women (Prbtection of

udlE-+4

the

Legitimacy

Adoption

Custody, maintenance and education

-e 8.4. Guardianship.and parental rights -

Family and lts changlng Pafterns

9.l. New elnerging trends:

9.1.1. Attenuation of familY ties

g.1.2. Working women and their

status and role of women

impact on spousqJ relationship :composition of

welfare of the child.PrinciPle.

tcningtos.a

9.1.3.

9.2.

9.3.

New property concepts, such as skill and job as new forms of propedy.

Factors affecting the family:demographic, environmental, religious and legislative'

Processes of social change in lndia: sanskritization, westernization, secularization'

universalization, parochialization, modernization, industriali2ation and urbanization'

r'rtit€=4{- to.f

11.

Setttement of sPousal ProPertY

10.1. Need for develoPment of law

Establishment of FamilY eourts

1 '1 .1 . Constitution, power and functigns

11.2. " Administration of gender justice

Uniform Civil Code - need for

12.1. Religious pluralism and its implications

12.2. Connotations ol the directive contained in Article 44 of the Constitution

a{+ft€-A

12.

r. ra

ro ?I .:.v'

12.4

a-\ sstvt )\-/ ucc Modot curricutuno

lmpediments to the lormulatrori oi llre Unilorrn Civil Code

The rdea ot Optional Urrilorrl (-rvrl (l';ittr'- -

I

\

\

r::::-':t":::' ^ste:state artdrestamentarv

srtccession(1ee8)' universar -

Basu' N'D'' Law of Succession (2000)' Universal

Kusern, Marriage and Divorce Law Manual(2000) Universal

' 'Machanda'S'C" Law and Practice of Divorce in lndia(zOoo) Universal

; Vol'2 Pt'1 at624-632(1974)

P.V.l(ane' History of Dharna'sastras vut'a v" ' -

A'Kuppuswami(ed')Mayne,sHinduLawandUSagetr'4(19B6)

B.siv.aramayys, lneQ uatities and the Law' (1985

turnar of Legalstudies'

)pulation contr6l through f amily planning in lndia' " lndian Jr

K'C'Daiya"'PoPulatru' vv"'

85 (197e)

J'D'M' Derrelt' Hindu Law: Past and Present '

J.D'M' Derrett' Death of Marriage Law

A.A.A'Fyze e' Outliqe of Muhammadan Law'(1998)

,

Alladi Kuppuswami'(ed') Mayne's Hindu Law and Usage' (1980)

J'.D.M.Derr e\' A Critique of Modern Hindu Law'

Paras j*un' Hindu Law (tges)

(1e70)

r{\

-*-

t

::i i .tjcsar (eri.) Mutl.t'stPIirtL:tptes ol Htnclu l'alv' il : -ir-rtterot ths' Inota.

P;rreS Diwan, Famity Law: !.avl of Marriage iind DA,r'rt.'. ;n India, (i984).

A.M Bhanactrargee. Musiim Law and the cctnstitut;or-t t'i394) [astern Law House' calCUtta'

A.M.Bhattachargee, Hint)u Law and the Cottstitutirirt (1994) Eastern Law,HouSe' Calcutta'

paras Dirryan, Law of Adopttion, Mirristry, Guardianship and Custody (2ooo)' lJniversal

l

I

.i!

i

L

#

:i

:@.i.:it=lt?rE Fd

wL:-,''*'f"'.4

'j't !. '

,.\

iLil

\

Tht: Paper Consists oi ptrbiic lt'tcrcst ;-,4\',ti'(:l'illlr. l cgalAid and Para'Le-sal Serviccs.

Tlre pcrfornrance of the clrrr''i i.jrr i.' r"ill bc ii; c';sed,ihrough tl'ic practical perfortriarrL.c iri l)r rr(;cs.i of jtilct i,iIlersscssmcnt

Topics Prescribed :

The follorving topics itre pl'u:rl'iirr:ti i.i;ltlcr tfrc prrblicInterest Llrvyering, Legal Aid aud Para'Lcg.rl Services.

I Leeal Aid :-History, Provisiong of Leg3l Aid r'rnder

the-Constitutiorr of ln<liri, Civil Proccdure code l90B

and Criminal Procedure Codc 197J. Itights of Accuscd.

2 National Legai Services Tribunal' Sulrreme Court Legal- services cornrueettee, Statc Legal Services TribunalI'ligh Corrlt Lt'trtrtl Servicc C't'trttttcctlcc. I)istrict !,cgalS"iuic" Tribunil. Pcrsons errtitlcd lbr olrtuining LcgalServices.

3 -Public Courts, Public Interest Litigation,4 Para'Legal Services.

Acts and Books ReconmendP'd :

The following Acts and books arc rccommended forstudy :I Coostitution of India, 1950.

2 Codc of Civil Procedurc, 1908.

3 Codc of Criminal Proccdure' 1973'

C fn. Legal Services Authorities Act' 1987'

5 The State Legal Services Authority Rules' 1994'

6 lTrcfrq rifrna, 1950 |

? fsf,so xfxar d'fqet, l9o8 t

E EU-s cfrqr sEil, l9?3 I

9 cfirro qs, cfffi{'qr€(e eiqf,<rr qs-s qtrdtrrs sfrfrg-

ci. ssdtoro rrica ({t' qlr' q') l

/nr'"U),

{,iiii(

v

j

-.->+*"-r