syllabus ba.ll.b. 2070 - ksl.edu.np

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B.A. LL.B. ProgramB.A. LL.B. ProgramB.A. LL.B. ProgramB.A. LL.B. ProgramB.A. LL.B. Program

Kathmandu School of Law (KSL)Kathmandu School of Law (KSL)Kathmandu School of Law (KSL)Kathmandu School of Law (KSL)Kathmandu School of Law (KSL)Purbanchal UniversityDadhikot-9, Bhaktapur

Published by : Kathmandu School of Law (KSL), August 2013Published by : Kathmandu School of Law (KSL), August 2013Published by : Kathmandu School of Law (KSL), August 2013Published by : Kathmandu School of Law (KSL), August 2013Published by : Kathmandu School of Law (KSL), August 2013

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KSL is a college in Nepal offering a five-year B.A LL.B course after completing +2or intermediate level in any academicstream. The course comprises of thestudies on wide areas of law.

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Content

About Kathmandu School of Law ........................................................ 3

Course outline of B.A. LL.B. Program ................................................. 5

B.A. LL.B. First Year ................................................................. 7

B.A. LL.B. Second Year .......................................................... 18

B.A. LL.B. Third Year .............................................................. 31

B.A. LL.B. Fourth Year ........................................................... 42

B.A. LL.B. Fifth Year ............................................................... 61

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ABOUT KSL

Established in 2000 A.D., Kathmandu School of Law (KSL) is the only institution to impartpragmatic and community responsive legal education in Nepal. With introduction of clinical andcommunity outreach settings in the curricula and research-based teaching methodology, KSLmarks departure from the traditional paradigm of teaching law.

MISSION STATEMENT

Kathmandu School of Law is committed to achieve excellence in research and academicscholarships in the field of law and justice and to reflect this high - quality teaching, learningprogrammes are designed to meet the educational and vocational needs of its members.

FEATURES

Participatory and pragmatic way of teaching

Interdisciplinary forward-looking curriculum with wide subject areas that is competitive toother countries

Commitment to generate lawyers as social engineers who are committed to work for theircommunity and nation at large

Safeguarding unique values of indigenous legal system by generating trained legalresources avidly within the country

Strong nexus with many law schools abroad with frequent exchange programmes ofteaching faculties and students

ACADEMIC PROGRAMMES

B.A. LL.B.: KSL is the only college in Nepal offering a five-year B.A. LL.B course aftercompleting +2 or intermediate level in any academic stream. The course comprises of thestudies on wide areas of law.

LL.M.: KSL offers three different two year LL.M. programmes. They are LL.M. in 1) HumanRights and Gender Justice, 2) Criminal Law and Justice, 3) Business and International TradeLaw. Graduates holding LL.B/B.A. LL.B. or bachelor’s degree in law from any accrediteduniversity are eligible to apply for the course.

M.A.: KSL offers one year interdisciplinary M.A. Programmes in 1)Human Rights and 2)Conflictand International Humanitarian Law. The course encourages the scholars holding Masters’Degree in any discipline from any accredited university.

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PROPOSED PROGRAMMES

a) M.A. in Restorative Justice

b) M.A. in Criminology

e) B.A. in Int’l Relations and Diplomacy

d) M.A. in Journalism

c) M.A. in Conflict Resolution and Comunity Mediation

SALIENT FEATURES

Prisoners’ Legal Aid and Women Victims’ Legal Aid Clinics

Moot Court Hall to enhance trial advocacy skills of the students

Extensive library and IT Resource Center

Secretariat of South Asian Law Schools Forum for Human Rights (SALS Forum)

Residential School on Socio Economic and Development Rights, and GoodGovernance

Child Right Research and Resource Center

Annual Residential Programmes for Teaching Faculty and Students

Residential School on Epistemology and Research Methodology

Residential School on Proposal and Dissertation Writing

Community Outreach Programme

Campaign on national issues such as 16 Days Violence Against Women Activism,Constituent Assembly

Talk Programmes with national dignitaries, diplomats, ambassadors

Students’ participation in national, regional and international debate programmes,moot court competitions, symposium and residential programmes

Amicable relationship with governmental, non governmental, judicial and internationalorganizations

Internship Programme

Scholarship schemes

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Course Outline of B.A. LL.B. Programme

B.A. LL.B. First Year Course

1 Political Theory Thoughts 80 20 28 7 42 Nepalese Economics 80 20 28 7 43 History of Nepal 80 20 28 7 44 Sociology 80 20 28 7 45 Fundamental Management 80 20 28 7 46 General Principles of Law 80 20 28 7 47 General Concepts of Law 40 10 14 3.5 28 Theories of Logic 40 10 14 3.5 29 Clinical Work (Practicle Course) 30 20 12 8 2

Total=> 590 160 30

B.A. LL.B. Second Year Course

B.A. LL.B. Third Year Course

1 Legal English 80 20 28 7 4

2 Legal Nepali 80 20 28 7 4

3 International Relationsand Diplomacy 80 20 28 7 4

4 International Organizatons 80 20 28 7 4

5 Legislative Principles &Law Making Process 80 20 28 7 4

6 Principes of Rules ofProcedural Law 80 20 28 7 4

7 Sociology of Law 80 20 28 7 4

8 Criminal Law 80 20 28 7 49 Clinical Course (Practice Course)

Visit of Jail and Preparation of the Report onSentencing System and Reforms - 50 - 20 2Total=> 640 210 34

1 Internaional Human Rights Law 80 20 28 7 42 Principles of Interpretation

(Interpretation of Statutes) 40 10 14 3.5 23 Law of Evidence 40 10 14 3.5 2

4 Public International Law 80 20 28 7 45 Constitutional Law and

Constitutionalism 80 20 28 7 46 Legal Research 80 20 28 7 47 Professional Ethics 80 20 28 7 48 ldl;n tof/L b]jfgL Clinical Legal Education:

Effective Legal Writing Civil Case 25 25 10 10 29 Clinical Work: Advocacy Service to

Community (Outreach Program) - 100 - 40 4

Total=> 505 245 30

SubjectsFull Marks Pass Marks Credit Hours

University Exam Internal Exam University Exam Internal ExamS.N





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B.A. LL.B. Fourth Year Course

Compulsory Groups

Elective Groups

S.N SubjectsFull Marks Pass Marks Credit Hours

University Exam Internal Exam University Exam Internal Exam

B.A. LL.B. Fifth Year Course

1 Legal Philosophy 80 20 28 7 42 Agrarian Law 80 20 28 7 43 Labor Law 40 10 14 3.5 24 International Humanitarian

Law and Conflict Resolution 40 10 14 3.5 25 Conservation Law 80 20 28 7 46 Private International Law 40 10 14 3.5 27 Pre-Trial Presentation, Trial Advocacy

and Appellate Advocacy 25 25 10 10 28 Clinical Education Course :

Legal Professionalism Development - 50 - 20 29 Dissertation+Internship 50+ +50 20+ +20 4

Elective Groups

Compulsory Groups

1 Clinical Education: Community Outreach and Rural Law Advocacy Service 80 20 28 7 4

2 Advance Jurisprudence 80 20 28 7 43 Contract Law 80 20 28 7 44 Company Law 80 20 28 7 45 Administrative Law 80 20 28 7 46 ldl;n tof/L - kmf}hbf/L Clinicla Legal Education:

Effective Legal Writing Criminal Case 25 25 10 10 4

7 Criminal Law Group1) Forensic Science and Medicinal Jurisprudence 80 20 28 7 42) Criminology and Penology 80 20 28 7 4

8 Business Law Group1) Banking and Insurance Law 80 20 28 7 42) International Trade Law and Arbitration 80 20 28 7 4

9 Constitutional Law Group1) Laws on Good Governance 80 20 28 7 42) Electoral Law 80 20 28 7 4

10 Environment andDevelopment Law Group1) Environmental Law 80 20 28 7 42) Water & River Law 80 20 28 7 4

Total=> 585 165 32

10 Criminal Law Group1) Law Against Organized Crime 80 20 28 7 42) Fiscal Crime Law 80 20 28 7 4

11 Business Law Group1) Intellectual Property 80 20 28 7 42) Tax Law 80 20 28 7 4

12 Constitutional Law Group1) Law of Equity Torts & Consumer Protection 80 20 28 7 42) Gender and Disadvantaged Groups Law 80 20 28 7 4

13 Environment & DevelopmentLaw Group

1) Energy Law 80 20 28 7 4

2) Civil Aviation and Tourism Law 80 20 28 7 4

Total=> 595 255 30

S.N SubjectsFull Marks Pass Marks Credit Hours

University Exam Internal Exam University Exam Internal Exam

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Syllabus of LL.B.Syllabus of LL.B.Syllabus of LL.B.Syllabus of LL.B.Syllabus of LL.B.Syllabus of B.A. LL.B.

Objectives:Objectives of this course are:

- To expose students in major theories andthoughts of political science;

- To encourage students in developingcomparative discourse on eastern and westernphilosophy of State, Governance, Law andJustice; and

- To acquaint students with basic problems ofdemocracy in Nepal and other countries ofSouth Asia.

Methodology of Teaching:- Orientation Lectures for Foundation

Understanding of Contents- Comparative Understanding: Students shall

prepare critical comparison of the westernand eastern system. For that they have toprepare ‘brief research papers’.

- Every student must prepare a critical researchpaper at least in one of the theme covered bythe subject

- Visit of the Parliament and principal parties.

Contents:Part A: Political Theories1. Introduction to Political Science

a. Nature of Political Scienceb. Definition of Political sciencec. Scope of Political Scienced. Relation of Political Science with other

Social Science and Lawe. Method and Approaches of the Study of

Political Science2. The Nature of State

a. Definition of Stateb. Elements of Statec. Theories on ‘Origin of State’d. Interrelationship of Law and Statee. Concept of State in Oriental Philosophy-

Hinduism, Buddhism and Confucianism3. Concept of the Welfare State4. Types of Government

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B.A. LL.B. First Year1) Political Theory Thoughts

Syllabus of LL.B.

a. Presidential Form of Governmentb. Parliamentary Form of Governmentc. Unitary Governmentd. Federal Government

5. Organs of Statea. Executiveb. Legislativec. Judiciaryd. Theory of Separation of Power and Check

and Balance: A Comparative Discoursereflecting on notions of State Organs andSeparation of Powers

6. Democracya. Concepts of Democracyb. History of Democracy in the Worldc. Colonial Rule and History of Democracy

in South Asiad. History of Democracy in Nepale. Importance of Civil Society in

Democracy7. Theory of Sovereignty

a. Definition of Sovereigntyb. Characteristics of Sovereigntyc. John Austin’s Theory of Sovereignty and

its Criticism8. Political Party

a. Concept of Political Partyb. Formation and Function of Political Partyc. Political Parties in South Asia: A Critical

Discourse on Success and Failures9. Franchise and Election

a. Theory of Franchise - Concept andDevelopment

b. Types and Methods of Elections10. Concept of Good Governance

a. Definition of Governanceb. Interface of Governance, Human Rights

and Developmentc. Devolution of powersd. Concept of local autonomous governance

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Part B - Political Thoughts1. General Introduction to Different Political

Thoughts and Their Relation to Law andJustice

2. Plato: Concept of Justice, and Ideal State3. Aristotle: State, Classification of

Governments and Citizenship and Ethics4. Cicero: Concept of Law5. Machiavelli: Statecraft6. Contractualists: Thomes Hobbes:

Concept of Absolute MonarchyJohn Lock: Concept of Liberal DemocracyJ.J. Rousseau: Concept of PopularSovereignty

7. J.S. Mill: Concept of Liberty8. Karl Marx : Class Struggle and Views on

State and Law9. Manu : Raj Dharma10. Kautilya : Saptang Theory and State Craft11. Kong Fu Tzu: Educated Monarchy and

Citizens

Recommended BooksPart A1. A.C. Kapoor, Principles of Political Science2. Arnold Bracht, Political Theory3. Bertrand Russell, History of Western

Philosophy, Routledge3.4. Dahal, Ram Kumar, Rajnitik Siddhyant, Ratna

Pustak Bhandar

5. David E. Aptee, Introduction to PoliticalAnalysis

6. Easton, David, The Political System, New York,Alfred, London, 1965

7. Garner S.W., Political Science & Govt. WorldPress, Calcutta

Part B1. Barker, Greek Political Theory, Cambridge,

19942. C.L. Wayper - Political Thought, Surjeet

Publication, 20073. C.M. Joad, Political Thought, R.S. Chaurasia

Publication, 20034. D.R. Bhandari - History of European Political

Thought, Bappco Publication, 20065. Francis W. Coker, Recent Political Thought, The

World Press Pvt. Ltd., Reprinted, 19936. George H. Sabine, History of Political Theory,

Holt Rinehart Winston, New York, 3rd Ed., 19617. IDEA, Consolidating Democracy in Nepal, 19978. J.P. Suda: Theory of Political Thought9. Krishna Pokharel, Biswa Ka Pramukh Rajanaitik

Bicharak10. Raymond G. Gettlee, History of Political

Thought, 2nd Revised Ed., Allen & Vrwin11. UNDP, Women Political Participation and

Good Governance, 21st century Challenges12. William T. Blum, Theories of Political System :

Classics of Political Thoughts and ModernPolitical Analysis, 3rd Ed., Chatham House, 2002

Objectives of this course are:- To familiarize students with basic tenets of

different economic systems and planning withspecial reference to Nepal, and

- To familiarize them with various concepts ofpublic finance, public expenditure, publicrevenue and discuss their role in developingcountries, and explain the objectives, role andtheory of fiscal policy, budgetary policy andbudget formulation.

- To Provide broad understanding ofrelationship between economics and law.

Methodology of Teaching- Review of various planning of Nepal.- Orientation Lectures on principles and concepts- Every student must prepare a research work

on one of the themes covered by the subject.- Interactions with development and planning

experts and economists. Teachers must arrangespecial seminar programs

2) Nepalese Economics

- Visit of the Planning Commission, Ministryof Finance and other relevant institutions suchas Nepal Rastra Bank

Contents1. Introduction to Economics

a. Definition, Methodology and Scope ofEconomics

b. Forms of Economic analysis - Micro Vs.Macro, Partial Vs. General, Static Vs.Dynamic, Positive Vs. Normative, ShortRun Vs. Long Run

c. Basic Concept and percepts - Economicproblems, economic rationality, optimality.

d. Interdependence between Micro and MacroEconomics

e. Development of Macro Economics -Classical, Keynesian and Monestarist

f. Various concepts of National Incomeg. Relation between Economics and Law

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h. Factors that influence laws - Economicdevelopment, Social Justice, Poverty, ChildLabour etc.

i. Market Failure and Role of Government2. Economic History of Nepal

a. Brief Economic History of Nepalb. Resource Base of Nepali Economyc. The Structure of Nepali Economyd. Highlights on Contemporary Inflation

Situation3. Economic System

a. Capitalist, Socialist and Mixed Economy -Concept and Definition, DistinctiveFeatures and Merits and Demerits

b. Directive Principles of the Constitution ofNepal with reference to Distribution ofResources

c. Right to Equality in Sharing Resources andState’s Affirmative Actions for SecuringInterest of Women, Children, Aged andother Marginalized Groups in Nepal

d. Laws Protecting Economic Interest ofPeople- Right to Property in Constitution- Right Against Appropriation of

Individual Property by State- LandAcquisition Law in force

- Right to Employment with BasicMinimum Salary- Labor Law in force

- Right to Social Security- Pension,Provident Fund, Cooperatives,Insurance Laws in force

4. Economic Development and Planninga. Growth Characteristics of Developing

Countries with Special Reference toSAARC region and China, Concept andDistinction between EconomicDevelopment and Growth

b. Concept and Definition of Planning - ItsNeed, Types, Planning in Nepal. (A GeneralSurvey on Different Plans Prospects ofForthcoming Plan)

c. Concept, Causes and Policy measures ofPoverty

5. Public Finance:a. Concept of Public Finance : (i) Classical

and Modern Concepts (ii) Role of PublicFinance in Developing Countries

b. Public Expenditure : (i) Principles of PublicExpenditure (ii) Causes of ExcessiveGrowth of Public Expenditure

c. Public Revenue : (i) Importance and Source(ii) Principles of Taxation, (iii) Impact,Incidence and Shifting of Taxation (iii)Effects of Taxation

d. Public Debt: (i) Internal and ExternalBorrowing, (ii) Management of Public Debt

e. Fiscal Policy : Objective and Rolef. Government Budgetary: (i) Components of

Budget (ii) Budget Formulation, (iii)Budgetary Policy (iv) Deficit Financing (v)Concept of Federal Finance

g. Public Enterprises: (i) Role of PublicEnterprises in Developing Countries, (ii)Price and Out Price Policies of PublicEnterprises

6. New Trendsa. Welfare Economics

·- Concept·- Pareto Optimality

b. Liberalization of the Nepali Economyc. Foreign Aid

Recommended Books1. A.R. Prest - Public Finance in Underdeveloped

Countries, Vikas Publishing House, 20032. Bhatia, H.L. - Public Finance, Vikas Publishing

House, 1999.3. Corter, Robert and Ulen, Thomas - Law and

Economics, Pearson Education, 2005.4. Dwivedi, D.N. - Principles of Economics, Vikas

Publishing House, 1999.5. Lekhi, R.K. - The economics of development

and planning, Kalyani Publication, 2005.6. Mier - Leading issues on Development Economics,

Oxford University Press, 20007. N.M. Singh - A Comparative Study of Capitalism

and Socialism, 1970.8. Sen Amartya - Poverty and Femine, Oxford India

Paper Backs, 1999.9. Shing, S.K. - Pbulic Finance in Theory and

Practice, S. Chand & Company Ltd., 2004.10. Slavin, Stephen L., Economics, M.C. Graw-Hill

Irwin, 2002.11. Stiglitz, Joseph - Making Globalisation Work,

ww.norton & company, 2006.12. Todaro, M.P, - Economic Development,

Addition-wasley Reading, 2003.13. Vaish, M.C. - Macro Economics, Kalyani

Publication, 2001 A.D.14. On Nepal:

a. NEFAS : Debt Trap and Its Management inNepal, 1998.

b. NEFAS : Development Challenges forNepal, 2000.

c. OXFEM (GB) & NLA : EconomicLiberalization in Nepal: Sequence andProcess, 2003.

d. Economic Survey of Nepal, Ministry offinance, Nepal (Current Issue)

Syllabus of B.A. LL.B.

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Objectives:Objectives of this course are :

- To familiarize students with general historyof ancient, medieval and modern Nepal,

- To acquaint them with the basic knowledgeof growth of the Nepalese political, social,and economic life, and

- To help them investigate the law and legalhistory of Nepal.

Methodology of Teaching- Lectures for foundation understanding of

various historical facts and issues- Visits of relevant sites and interactions with

historians- Students shall prepare comparative research

papers with history of other legal systems,- Seminars with lawyers and historians

Contents:1. Introduction

a. Influence of Geography on the History ofNepal

2. Early History of Nepala. Early Settlementsb. Early Dynasties : Gopal, Mahispal and Kiratc. Situation of Law and Legal System in Kirat

Period3. The Lichhavi Period (1st Century to 8th

Century A.D.)a. Origin and Foundation of Lichhavi Kingdomb. Social, Economic and Political Systemc. Legal and Judicial Systems

4. Malla Perioda. Origin of Malla Dynastyb. Malla King and Socio-political and

Economic Systemsc. Contribution of Mallas in Legal System of

Nepal· Codification - Manab Nayasastra· Judicial Administration established by

Manab Nyaysastra2

5. Principalitiesa. Legal Contribution of Principalities

6. Shah Perioda. Emergence of the Shah Dynasty

b. Contribution of Ram Shaha to theDevelopment of Legal and Judicial Systemin Nepal

c . Prithvinaryan Shah and Unification of Nepal:Contribution in Development of Legal andJustice System in Nepal

d. Divaya Upadesa of Prithvinarayan Shahe. Sources of Law in Shah Periodf. Legal and Judicial Administration of Shah

Kings7. Rana Regime

a. Rise, Consolidation and Fall of Rana Regimeb. Muluki Ain 1910 B.S (Introduction,

Importance, Features and Implications)c. Treaty with British Colonial Rule in Indiad. Bir Sumsher ’s Sanad to Gurkha

Recruitment in the British Colonial Armyand 1947 Tripartite Treaty

e. Nepal Governance Act 2004 B.S. and ItsImportance

f. Judicial System During Rana Regime8. Democracy Movement of 2007 and Its

Impact in Legal System9. Fundamental Characteristics and Importance of

Nepal Interim Governance Act 2007, PradhanNyayalaya Ain (Apex Court Act), 2008, Citizens’Right Act, 2012, and the Constitution of Nepal2015

10. Panchayat Regime, and Its Legal System: StateCases Act, 2017, Evidence Act, 2031 and Effortsto Draft Criminal Procedure and Penal Codes.

11. Popular Democracy Movement of 2046 B.S.,and Interim Constitution 2063.

12. Civil Strife and Impacts in Lives of People,including 12 Points Agreement

13. 2006 (2063) Popular Rise of People andRestoration of House of Representatives

14. Historic Declaration of the House ofRepresentatives

15. Comprehensive Peace Accord and InterimConstitution of Nepal: Main Features andImportance

16. Election of Constituent Assembly andConstitution Making

17. Declaration of Nepal as a Republic

3) History of Nepal

e. Madan Kumar, Dahal (Editor) - Nepaleseeconomy: Towards Building a strongEconomic Nation State, Central Departmentof Economics, TU and New Hira BooksEnterprises, 2004.

f. Acharya, Keshav Prasad, A Brief Reviewof Foreign Aid in Nepal, Action Aid Nepal,2002.


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Recommended Books1. Adrain Server: Aspects of Modern Nepalese

History, Vikash Pub., Helhi, 19962. Bishal Khanel, An Overview of Administration

of Justice System of Nepal, Kathmandu (inNepali)

3. Bishal Khanel, Regeneration of Legal System ofNepal, Kathmandu, Bhrikuti Publication,Kathmandu, 2000.

4. CeLRRd, Analysis and Reform of the CriminalJustice System in Nepal, Kathmandu, 1999

5. D.R. Regmi : Medieval Nepal Vols. I and II6. Daniel Wright: History of Nepal7. Dr. Yubaraj Sangroula: Criminal Justice System

of Nepal, 20118. Hamilton Francis : An account of the kingdom

of Nepal, Asian Education Service, Delhi, 1986.9. Jagadish Chandra Regmi : Prachin Nepal Ko

Rajnaitik Itiha, Royal Nepal Academy10. Krishna Kant Adhikari : Nepal Under Jung

Bahadur. Vol. 1846-1877 Buku Publication,Kathmandu, 1984

11. Report on Workshop on Criminal Justice System,June 1998. ILRR.

12. Risikesh Shah : Ancient Medieval and NepalVol. I and II Manohar Publishers, 1997

13. Risikesh Shah : Modern Nepal 2 Vols. ManoharPublishers (1990)

14. See, Articles by Rewati Raman Khanal, SubashNembang, Gejendra Keshari Bastola in VariousIssues of Nayadoot Kanoon and Nepal Law Review.

15. Tulsi Ram Vaidya : An advanced history ofNepal Anmol Publication Delhi, 1994

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Objectives- To acquaint students with the key elements of

society- To impart knowledge on the internal mechanism

of society.- To provide some insights into sociological theories

upto recent trends- To introduce sociology of Nepal and sociology as

interdisciplinary discipline for foundation of lawand its implication for legal research anddevelopment.

Methodology of Teaching- Lectures for foundation understanding of various

facts and issues- Students shall prepare comparative research

papersSeminars

Contents1. Introduction:

a. Sociology: Meaning, nature and scope.

b. The evolution of Sociology: Contribution ofAugust Comte, Emile Durkheim and HerbertSpencer). Development of sociological theories.

c. Sub-divisions: Political sociology, EconomicSociology, Industrial Sociology, Rural Sociology,Urban Sociology, Sociology of law.

d. Sociology and other social sciences: Relationof Sociology with political science, Economics,social psychology, Anthropology and History.

e. Man, law and society.2. Basic Sociological Concepts:

a. Social & Cultural processes:- Cooperation: meaning, definition, role and

characters.- Conflict: meaning, definition, causes, role.- Competition: meaning, definition, value and

characters.- Acculturation: meaning , definition,

characters.- Assimilation: meaning, definition, characters.

4) Sociology


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- Socialization: meaning, process and theories( C.H. Cooley, GH Mead)

b. Elements of Social structures:- Society: meaning , definition and

characteristics- Culture: meaning , definition, types and

characteristics- Social institution: meaning, definition and

characteristics,- Social status and role:

" Meaning, definition, types of status" Meaning, definition, characteristics of

role.- Social Norms and Values:

" Meaning , nature and characters ofNorms and values.

" Types of social norms(Folkways, Mores, Customs-meaning, definition, characteristics)

- Social structure & function: meaning,definition of social structure (Views of Nadel, Radcliffe Brown andTalcott Parson)

- Meaning, definition and types of socialfunction.

3. Individual and Society:a. Relationship between Individual and

Societyb. (Social Contract Theory and Organismic Theory)c. Indispensability of society for individual

and Vice Versad. (The feral cases, the growth of self, importance

of social heritage)e. Human & Animal Societies: Need of society

for animals, differences between Human andAnimal societies (Biological and Socio-culturaldifferences)

f. Social Control: Meaning, definition, nature,purpose, mechanism.

g. Social order: Meaning, definition, Nature andProblem.

h. Social Deviance and Conformity: meaning,Causes, types & social significance.

4. Social Stratification: Caste, Class,Ethnicity and Gender.a. Meaning, characteristics and origin of

stratificationb. Caste & Ethnic based inequality:c. Class based inequalityd. Gender based inequality

5. Historical evolution of Nepali Nationhood(since the birth of Nepali Nation-state)a. Hinduismb. Sanskritization

c. Nepalizationd. Westernizatione. Modernizationf. Urbanization

6. Sociological Theories:a. Emile Durkheim & B. Malinowski (structural

functional theory)b. Max Weber & Talcott Parson: (social action

theory)c. Ralph Dahrendorf & Karl Marx: conflict

theoryd. Alfred Schutz : Phenomenologye. George Homans: Social Exchange Theoryf. Erving Goffman: Symbolic interactionismg. Claude Levi-Strauss, Michael Foucault :

Structuralism & Post Structuralism/ postmodernism

7. Sociology of Nepal:a. Structure of Nepalese society: Demographic

structure (Age, sex, religion, language, caste,ethnic diversity)

b. Issues of national integration: emergingproblem and prospects in Nepalese society

c. Path to multiculturalism and pluralism: state-restructuring & federal issues in New Nepal

d. Local indigenous social institutions: Guthi,Parma, Dhikuri, Rodhighar, Deuki,

e. Agrarian structure: recent trends in land tenuresystem, land reform program 1964 & afterwards.

Recommened Books:1. Jena DN & Mohapatra,UK, ‘Social Change:

Themes and Perspectives’ , Kalyani Publishers,Ludhiana, 2002

2. MacIver RM & Page Charles H., Society: AnIntroductory Analysis: Macmillion India ltd, NewDelhi 2001.

3. Mahajan, Gurpreet ‘The Multicultural Path: Issuesof Diversity and Discrimination in Democracy’,Sage Publication India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 2002

4. Regmi, RishiKeshav, ‘The essentials of Sociology’,Buddha Academic Publishers & Distributors Pvt.Ltd.., Kathmandu, 2002

5. Schaefer, Richard T & Lamm Robert P.,‘Sociology’, Tata Mcgraw-Hill PublishingCompany Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1999

6. Slattery Martin, ‘Key Ideas in Sociology’, NelsonThornes Ltd, Cheltenham, 2003

7. Verghese KE,’General Sociology’, MacmillanIndia Limited, New Delhi 1992

8. Vidyabhusan and DR Sachadeva, ‘An Introductionto Sociology’, Kitav Mahal: New Delhi, 1983


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ObjectivesObjectives of this course are:- To provide fundamental knowledge to students

on different functional areas of management.- To enable them to apply acquired knowledge in

practice.

Contents1. An Introduction to Management

a. Concept of Management : Meaning andDefinitions, Objectives and Importance,

b. Nature of Management : Management asScience, Art and Profession,

c. Management and Administration .d. Principles of Management

- 14 Principles of Henri Fayol- Principles of Scientific Management

(Taylor's Principle)e. Functions of Managementf. Level of Management and Managerial Skills

- Conceptual Skill- Human Relation Skill- Technical Skill

g. Managers/ Executives and their Role in anOrganization

2. Planninga. Concept of Planningb. Nature of Planningc. Importance of Planningd. Types of Plan on the basis of Use ( Standing

and Single- use plan)e. Steps in Planningf. Implementation of Plansg. Problems and Limitations of Planning

3. Organization and Organizinga. Meaning, definitions, and characteristics of

Organization and Organizingb. Organizational goals and its naturec. Goal formation processd. Principles of Organizinge. Forms of Organization Structure: (Line,

Line and Staff, Functional and MatrixStructure, their Comparative Strength andWeaknesses)

f. Span of Control : Meaning and importance,Factors governing Span of Control

g. Informal Organizationh. Departmentalization: Meaning and Basis of

Departmentalizationi. Authority and Responsibility;

- Sources of Authority and differencebetween Power and Authority

- Types of Authority- Delegation of Authority (Meaning,

guidelines, advantages, reluctance toDelegate and Delegation Problems)

- Centralization and Decentralization:Meaning and Advantages andDisadvantages.

- Delegation and Decentralization4. Managing Human Resource in

Organizationa. Concept of Human Resource Managementb. Importance and Functions of HRMc. Components of H R M: Acquisition,

Development, Motivation and Maintenanced. Human Resource Planninge. The Legal Environment of Human

Resource Management : An overview ofLaws Relating to Compensation andBenefits; Health and Safety; LabourRelation; and Employment Opportunitieswith Special Reference to Nepal)

f. Concept of Training and ManagementDevelopment

5. Motivationa. Meaning, Nature, and Motivation Processb. Theories of Motivation: Maslow’s Need

Hierarchy Theory, Herzberg’s Two FactorsTheory

c. Techniques of Employee Motivation6. Leadership

a. Concept of Leadershipb. Functions of Leadership (what a leader

does?)c. Leadership Stylesd. Difference between Leader and Managere. Effective Leadership and Forces

Determining Effective Leadershipf. Leadership and Managerial Effectiveness

7. Communicationa. Concepts of Communicationb. Process of Communicationc. Importance of Effective of Communicationd. Principles of Effective Communicatione. Barriers to Effective Communication and

Overcoming Barriers8. Directing

a. Concept of Directingb. Elements of Directing: Leadership,

Motivation and Communication

5) Fundamental Management


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c. Human Relation Problems in Directing9. Coordination

a. Concept of Coordination (coordination asan essence of management)

b. Need of Coordinationc. Coordination and Cooperationd. Approaches to Effective Coordinatione. Elements of Coordination

10. Controllinga. Concept of Controllingb. Characteristics of Controlc. The control Processd. Types of Controle. Requirements of Effective Control

11. Decision Makinga. Meaning, Nature and the Importance of

Decision Makingb. Rational Process of Decision Makingc. Types of Decisionsd. Improving Decision Making

12. Emerging Conceptsa. Participatory Management

- Meaning and Techniques of Participation- Benefit of Participation

b. Corporate social Responsibility- Meaning and areas of social

responsibilities- Argument for and against Social

Responsibility- Evaluation of pros and cons of Social

Responsibilityc. Time Management

- Meaning- Prerequisites of Time Management- Techniques of Effective Time

Managementd. Organizational Conflict

- Meaning and Approaches to Conflicts.- Level of Conflicts and their Causes.- Effective Conflict Management.

Recommended Books:1. Afful, Ken, ‘ Effective Management in the South’,

1st ed. (Ekta Books, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2002)2. Agrawal, Govind Ram, ‘Principles of

Management in Nepal, ( M.K. Publisher andDistributors, Bhotahiti, Kathmandu, Nepal, 2006)

3. Bateman, Thomas S., and Snell, Scott A.,‘Management: Competing in the New Era, 5th ed.,( McGraw-Hill, New York, 2002)

4. Burton, Gener and Thakur, Manab, ‘ ManagementToday’, (Tata McGraw-Hill Co. Ltd., New Delhi,2005).

5. Griffin, Ricky W., ‘Fundamentals ofManagement’, 1st Indian ed., ( All India Publisherand Distributors, Chennai, India, 2000)

6. Hitt, Michael A. and Others, ‘ Management’,(Published by Pearson Education and DorlingKindersley (India) Ltd. New Delhi, 2006)

7. Ivancevich, John M. and Others, ‘Management’ :Principles and Functions, 4th ed., (A.I.T.B.S.Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 2005)

8. Jones, Gareth R. and George, Jennifer M.,‘Essentials of Contemporary Management’,(McGraw-Hill, New York, 2004)

9. Koontz, Harold and Weihrich, Heinz, ‘Essentialsof Management’ (Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi,1999)

10. Kusum, Govinda Prasad (Dr.), Stha, DurgeshKumar, ‘Principles of Management in Nepal’,(Nepali Version), ( Dhaulagiri Books andStationers, Kathmandu, Nepal). 2063 B.S.

11. Rao, V.S.P., and Narayan P.S., ‘Principles andPractice of Management, (Konark Publisher Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi, 1999)

12.Robbin, Stephen P., and Mary Coulter,‘Management’, 8th ed. (Published by DorlingKindersley (India) Ltd. New Delhi, 2006)

13. Robbin, Stephen P., Decenzo, David A., ‘Fundamentals of Management, essential conceptand application, 5th ed. ( Published by DorlingKindersley (India) Ltd., Delhi, 2006)

14. Stoner, James A. F. and others, ‘ Management ‘,6th ed. (Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., NewDelhi, 1999)

6) General Principles of Law

Objectives:Objectives of this course are :- To provide basic knowledge to students of

theories of law and their development, and- To prepare students for study of legal science in

upper classes.

Contents1. Meaning and Definition of Law

a. Meaning of Law in Broader Senseb. Meaning of Law in Generic Sensec. Fundamental Characteristics of Legal Rulesd. Distinctions between Legal Rules and other

Types of Rules (e.g. Rules of Morality)


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2. Types of Lawa. Classification of Law

- Substantive and Procedural Law- Civil and Criminal Law- Public and Private Law- Common and Statutory Law- Legislation, Case Law and Customary

Law3. Importance of Law

a. Law as an Instrument of Regulating HumanBehaviorb. Law as a Guide for Settlement of Disputesc. Law as a Means of Change in the Societyd. Law as a Safeguard for Protecting Interestof Weaker Section in the Societye. Law as an Instrument Promoting Socio-economic Justice in the Societyf. Law as a Means of framing SystematicStructure of Society- Means of SocialEngineering

4. Sources of Lawa. Customb. Precedentc. Legislation

5. Law Making Processa. Ancient Law Making Process

- Fundamental Features of Ancient Laws(Henry Maine’s Concept)

- Role of Social Factors in Law MakingProcess (Savigny’s Concept)

- Ancient Law Making Process in Nepal( Codification of Manab Naya Shastraand Muluki Ain, 1910 B.S. and LawMaking by Isthihar, Sabal, KhadgaNisana and Sanads)

b. Modern Law Making Process- Factors Promoting Legislative Law

Making Process in Nepal- Role of Judiciary in Law Making in Nepal

6. Legal Theoriesa. Natural Law of School

- Classical Natural Law- Medieval Natural Law- Modern Natural Law- Contribution of Natural Law School- Application of Natural Law Theories in

Nepalb. Positivism

- Causes of Emergence of Positivism- Features of Positivism- Contribution of Positivism in

Development of Legal Science- Types of Positivism

i) Analytical school- Basic Tenets and Foundations- Strengths and Weaknesses- Contribution- Significance of this School in

Nepalii) Historical School

- Basic Tenets and Foundations- Strengths and Weaknesses- Contribution- Significance of this School in

Nepaliii) Sociological School


Nepaliv) Realist school


Nepalv) Economic School


Nepal7. Relation of Jurisprudence with other Areas

of Knowledge: Political Science, Sociology;Economy; Psychology; etc.

8. Interrelation between Law and Society9. Legal Psychology and Trends of

Compliance and Enforcement of Law inNepal

Recommended Books1. Yubaraj Sangroula, Kanoon Sastra Ra Kanoon

Ka Sidhanta, Pairabi Prakashan2. Ranjit Bhakta Pradhanang and Kishor Silwal,

Bidhisastra, Ratnapustak Bhandar.3. Nomita Agrawal, Jurisprudence and Legal Theory4. S.P.Dwivedi, Jurisprudence and Legal Theory,

Central Law Agency5. Prof. S.N. Dhyani, Jurisprudence and Indian

Legal Theory, CLA6. Dias, Jurisprudence.7. B.N.M. Thripathi, Jurisprudence


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Objectives:Objectives of this course are:·- To impart knowledge of basic ideas on various

concepts of law, which have been in daily concernof people;

·- To help students understand theoreticalknowledge of legal concepts; and

· To help them develop conceptual background oflaws relating to family, property, contract etc.

Contents:1. Rights and Duties

a. Definition of Right and Dutyb. Types of Rights and Dutiesc. Relation between Right and Dutyd. Elements of Rightse. Theories of Rights: Will Theory and Interest

Theory2. Personality

a. Definition of Personb. Kinds of Person – Natural and Legal Personc. Personality of Fetus, Dead Body, Animal

and Idold. Theories of Corporate Personality- Fiction

Theory, Concession Theory, Bracket Theoryand Realist Theory

3. Possessiona. Definition and Essential Elements of

Possessionb. Kinds of Possessionc. Acquisition and Termination of Possessiond. Encumbrance, Res-nullius thing and Illegal

Possessione. Forms of Rights Available Under Possession

4. Ownershipa. Definition and Elements of Ownershipb. Kinds of Ownershipc. Acquisition and Termination of Ownershipd. Forms of Rights Available Under

Ownership5. Property

a. Definitionb. Kinds of Propertyc. Acquisition and Transfer of Propertyd. Property Law in Nepal

" Partition (aungsabanda)" Inheritance (aputali)" Women’s Exclusive Property

(Shtridhan)

e. Modes of Property Transfer in Nepal6. Marriage and Adoption

a. Definitionb. Conditions of Legal Marriage in Nepalc. Void and Voidable Marriage in Nepald. Termination of Marriage

Modes and Consequences of Terminationof Marriage.

e. Adoption (Concept, Critirea and Processes)7. Guthi and Trust

a. Meaning and Definitionb. Concept of Guthi in Nepal

8. Concept of Obligation (Meaning and Types)9. Contract

a. Definitionb. Criteria of Valid Contractc. Termination of Contractd. Remedies in Violation of Contract

10. Guthi and Trusta. Meaning and Definitionb. Status of Guthi and Trustc. Guthi as a Special Concept in Nepal

10. Crimea. Definitionb. Classification of Crimes

11. Justicea. Definitionb. Types of Justicec. Principles of Justice (Just, Fair and

Reasonable)12. Administration of Justice

a. Civil and Criminal Justice- concept of publicand private prosecution ( SarkarbadiFauzdari and Duniabadi Fauzdari)

b. Theories of Punishmentc. Juvenile Justice

13. Alternative Dispute Resolutiona. Definitionb. Kinds - Negotiation, Mediation,

Arbitration, Conciliationc. Importance

Recommended Books1. Anson's Contract Law, 28th edition, 20022. Avtar Singh, Contract Law, 8th edition,

reprinted 20043. CeLRRd, Baseline Survey on Juvenile

Justice System of Nepal, 2010.4. Children Act 2048

7) General Concepts of Law


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5. Contract Act of Nepal, 2056 BS6. Criminal Jurisprudence, Prof. Incharge

Madhav Pd. Acharya and Asst. Prof. GaneshBhattarai, 2009

7. Dispute Resolution in Nepal (CVICT report,2007)

8. Dr. S.R. Myneni, Jurisprudence (LegalTheory) 2nd ed, reprint 2007.

9. Dr. Yubaraj Sagroula, Jurisprudence: ThePhilosophy of Law, 2010; KathmanduSchool of Law

10. dWo:ytf P]g @)%%

11. Evidence Act 203112. G.W. Paton, A text book on Jurisprudence,

4th edition, 200513. Ghar Banauneko Mahal (Chapter on

Muluku Ain)a. Ansabanda Ko Mahalb. Aputali Ko Mahalc. Bibahabari Ko Mahald. Chaupaya Ko Mahale. Jyan Sambandhi Ko Mahalf. Logne Swasne Ko Mahal

ObjectivesThis course expects to address the followingobjectives:- To acquaint students with the basic system of

logic in order to help them in finding truth; and- To strengthen students’ cognitive/analytical

capacity.

Methodology of Teaching- Lectures for foundation understanding of the

science of logic- Interactions and discussionsContents1. Definition of ‘Logic’.

a. Relation beth logic and Landb. Language in the Landc. Function of Legal Languaged. Logic as Right Reasoning

2. Difference between Scientificknowledge and common sensea. Characteristics of scientific knowledgeb. Characteristics of common sense

knowledge3. Methods of Logic

a. Deductive Methodb. Inductive Method

4. Syllogism in western logic

5. Syllogism in Hindu Philosophy ( thenayay darsan)

6. Types of Logic7. What is Fallacy?8. Logic and Fallacy9. Perception and Theories10. Empiricism and truth11. Definition of truth12. Definition of belief13. Introduction to Seven Systems of Hindu

Philosophy14. Introduction to Buddhism Logic and

truth15. Introduction to Islamic System of Logic16. Science & Common Sense

a. The values of scienceb. Evaluating sceintific explanation

- Relevance- Testability- Computability with previously well-

established hypothesis- Predictive- Simplicity

Recommended Materials:1. Bertrand Russell, Histoon of western

pholosophy, special indian edition, 2010.

8) Theories of Logic

g. Shriangshadhan Ko Mahal14. Guthi Sansthan Act 203315. Holland on Jurisprudence, 13th edition,

Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.Reprint 2004

16. Interim Constitution of Nepal 2063 (2007)17. Juvenile Justice Procedure Act 206318. Marriage Registration Act. 202819. Muluki Ain (Country code)20. Narendra Pd. Pathak, Najir Sangraha21. R.W.M. Dias, Jurisprudence, 5th ed, Aditya

Books Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi22. Salmond on Jurisprudence, PJF itzeferald,

12th edition, Universal Law Publishing Co.Pvt. Ltd. Reprint 2004

23. State Cases Act, 1993.24. Sudeep Gautam and Ashish Adhikari,

Business Law, 200625. W. Friedman, Legal Theory, 3rd edition,

Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. 3rdIndias Reprint 2003

26. Yubaraj Sangroula, Kanoon Sastra RaKanoon Ka Sidhanta, Kathmandu Schoolof Law, 2009


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B.A. LL.B. Second Year

Course IntroductionThis course has mainly two components to exposestudents to Contemporary English usage, and StandardEnglish used in the field of law, including legaldocuments and some other subjects allied to law,namely politics, history and sociology.

Objectives:The Objectives of this course are:

1) Legal English

- To acquaint the students with the basic usageaspects of Contemporary English,

- To expose the students to AdvancedContemporary Legal English written by thenative speakers,

- To enable the students to use Legal Englishefficiently in the legal field,

The course is divided into the following Units.Each unit requires intensive teaching-learning.

Evaluation is done on the basis of performanceand participation of students

Clinical Works1. Engagement in Study of the case files and

observation visit of the trial and appellatelevel courts.

2. Observation of ‘client dealing’ skills oflawyers

3. Visit of ‘areas inhabited by poor anddisadvantageous communities’ andpreparing a report on situation of access tojustice.

4. Engagement in conducting research activitiesto find out situation of the enforceabilityand impact of laws and preparation of workreport.

5. Conducting street law programs to educatepeople about compliance of such laws as‘traffic regulations’ preserving ambience ofpublic places; and helping needy people ingetting services from concerneddepartments.

6. Reading newspapers to ‘identify issues oflegal relevance’ and preparing reports.

Recommended Books1. Civil Procedure code- Justice Naimuddin Ahamed,

Member law commission, Published by BangladeshInstitute A law an International Affairs.

9) Clinical Works (Practical Course)

2. Clinical Legal Education, NR. Madhava Menon,Easten Book Company- p.33, 41, 99, 204.

3. KSL sf] Community df ul/Psf] Research Report.4. Learning Lawyer's Skills, N Gold k Mackie and V.

Twining Bulterwoths.5. Legal Ethics, Dr. Kailash Rai, Central Law

Publication, P. 49-736. Moot Court Px-Trail preparation and participation

in Trial Proceedings, Central Law Agency.7. Moot Court, Pre-trail preparation and

participation and participation in Trial Proceedingsand Viva-voce

8. Paper cutting available at KSL Libary Includesa. Legal Issues : Community Lawyering, for poor,

disadvantage etc.b. State's inasiuty to provide legal aid.c. Delay in court proceedings etc.

9. Paralegal Training Manual, Publication CeLRRd,2010

10. Professional Responsibility Standards, Rules &Statutes 1995-96 edn

11. The Lawyering Process, Tary Bellow, Be Moulton12. lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL @)%@

13. k'g/fj]bg cbfnt lgodfjnL @)$*

14. ;jf]{Rr cbfnt lgodfjnL @)$(

15. ;/sf/L jlsn lbUbz{g, )^# (Prosecutor's Manual,063 Bs.)

2. Black's Law Dictionary3. Introduction Books on Hindu, Buddhist and

Islamic Philosophies.4. Pandit Rajmani Tigunait, Seven systems of

Indian Pholosophy, 1983, The Himalayan

International Institute of Yoga science andPholosophy. (www.himalayaninstitute.org)

5. Wikipedia (Online Encyclopedia)


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Guidelines for TeachingWhile teaching this course, the teacher;a. Should familiarize the students with the

subject-matter of each text and idea it contains.b. Should acquaint the students with the register,

idioms and usage in all texts mentioned above.c. Should convince the students that the place

and context of words can convey specialmeaning.

d. Should encourage the students to take part inthe discussion in the given text, and

e. Should persuade the students to use theircritical minds and creativity concerning thegiven text.

Marks Allocated1. Plain language for Lawyers: 202. Professional English in Use: 253. Grammar: 204. Vocabulary: 55. Half the Man, Twice the Lawyer 206. Comprehension (Passage should be

lifted from the Unseen) 57. Translation: * 5

*Note: Foreign Students will be provided withthe passage concerning law/ a question onhuman rights/constitutional theory orinternational law.

Questions Types1. Long-answer questions (One critical question

is compulsory): (3x10) = 302. Short-answer questions : (5x3) = 153. Grammar : (5x4) = 204. Word-meanings and/or usage: (1x5) = 55. Translation (Advanced Nepali

Passage, From Nepali to English) (1x5) = 56. Comprehension (Passage) (1x5) = 5

1. Language of the Lawa. The Nature of Legal Languageb. The Function of Legal Languagec. The Features of Written Legal Languaged. Types of Legal Languagee. What to look for in the Language of the

Lawf. Modern Constitution

2. The Legal Systemsa. Legal Systemsb. Sources of Law

(i) Legislation,(ii) Common Law

c. The Court Systemd. Criminal Justice and Criminal Proceedingse. Civil Proceduref. Tribunals

3. Legal Professionalsa. Solicitorsb. Barristersc. Working Livesd. Judgese. A Law form's Structure and Practice

4. Legal Professionals in Practicea. Client care Proceduresb. Money Laundering Proceduresc. Client Correspondenced. Explanations and Clarificatione. Legalese

5. Law in Practicea. Business Organizationb. Formation of Companyc. Raising Capital by Share Saled. Debt Financing: Secured Lendinge. Company Directors and Company

Secretariesf. Insolvency and Winding upg. Alternative Dispute Resolutionh. Corporation Taxi. Mergers and Acquisitions

6. Liability and Contracta. Tort : Personal Injury Claimb. Tort : Clinical Negligencec. Forming a Contract 1d. Forming a Contract 2e. Structure of a Commercial Contractf. Express and Implied Termsg. Exclusion, Imitation and Standard Clausesh. Privity of Contract, Discharge of

Contract, and Remedies for breach ofcontract.

i. Commercial Leases 7. Intellectual Property

a. Copy Right and Patentb. Trade Marks, Domain Names, and

Remedies for IP Infringement 8. Information Technology Law &.

Environmental Lawa. Information Technology Law and Cyber

crimeb. Environmental Law

9. Language Usagea. What is Plain Language?b. Plain Language around the Worldc. Structure


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efiff kl/ro !)

sfg'gL g]kfnL efiff kl/ro !)

sfg'gL g]kfnL efiffsf] k|of]u;DaGwL ljz]if Jofjxfl/s cEof; !$

sfg'gL lnvtsf] ;+:yfut 1fg / Jofjxfl/s k|of]usf] cEof; *

sfg'gL /rgf / cleJolQm lzNk ;DaGwL cEof; *

sfg'gL uBsf] af]w tyf cleJolQm !)

;flxlTos e]bsf] af]w tyf cf:jfbg @)

hDdf *)

p2]Zox¿o; kf7\oqmdsf lgDg p2]Zox¿ /x]sf 5g\ M–

g]kfndf k|rlnt sfg'gL efiff ljsf;sf] t'ngfTds cWoog k|ltljBfyL{x¿nfO{ cfslif{t ug]{ ;+/rgfTds 1fg, tyf

sfg'gL efiffsf] af]w / cleJolQmsf] dfWodaf6 ljBfyL{x¿sf] eflifsIfdtfsf] clea[l4 ug]{

PsfO s M efiff kl/rokf7\o ljifoj:t'

!= efiff / o;sf ljz]iftfx¿sf] ;fdfGo kl/ro

@= -s_ ;+;f/sf efiffx¿sf] kfl/jfl/s juL{s/0fsf] cfwf/ tyf ef/f]k]nL,b|lj8, cfUg]nL tyf ef]6ad]{nL eflifs kl/jf/sf] kl/ro .

-v_ g]kfndf af]lng] efiffx¿sf] ;+lIfKt kl/ro .

#= g]kfnL efiffsf] pTklQ / ljsf; .

$= g]kfnL efiffsf If]qLo eflifsfx¿sf] kl/ro .

%= g]kfnL efiffsf] jt{dfg l:ylt .

^= efiffsf e]bx¿sf] ;ª\lIfKt kl/ro

-s_ k|of]hgk/s efiff

-v_ n]Vo / sYo efiff

-u_ efiff / ;fdflhs eflifsf

PsfO v M sfg'gL g]kfnL efiffsf] kl/rokf7\o ljifoj:t'

!= sfg'gL g]kfnL efiffsf] ;fdfGo kl/ro .

-s_ ;fdfGo g]kfnL / sfg'gL g]kfnL .

-v_ sfg'gL g]kfnL / ;flxlTos, /fhg}lts, z}lIfs, j}1flgs tyfk|fljlws If]qdf k|o'Qm g]kfnL efiffsf e]bx¿sf ljz]iftfx¿sf]kl/ro .

@= sfg'gL g]kfnL efiffsf] ljsf; k|lqmof .

-s_ hol:ylt dNn / /fd zfxsf] lylt aGb]h tyf k[YjLgf/fo0fzfxsf] lbJof]kb]zdf k|o'Qm sfg'gL eflifs :j?k .

2) Legal Nepali

d. Wordse. A plain Language Vocabulary

10. Foreign Words Used in Legal Field, andDocumentsa. Latin Words and Phrasesb. Synonyms and Antonymsc. Words often Confused with

11. Half the Man, Twice the Lawyer (= InternsiveStudy)

12. Grammar 1a. Varieties of Englishb. Grammar in Spoken and Written Englishc. Intonationd. Phonetic Symbols and Transcriptionse. Geographical and National Varietiesf. Levels of Uses: Formal and Informal

EnglishGrammar 2a. Section A: Conceptsb. Section B: Information, Reality and Beliefc. Section C: Mood, Emotion and Attitudesd. Section D: Meanings in Connected

Discourse

Recomended Books1. Black's Law Dictionary2. Daniel Jones. Cambridge English

Pronouncing Dictionary, CambridgeUniversity Press

3. English Legal Terminology, Legal Concepts inLanguage, First Indian Print 2009

4. Geoffrey Leech, Jan Svartvik. ACommunicative Grammar of English, 3rd

edition5. George Yule, Oxford Gpactice Grammar,

Oxford University Press, 2010, 2011.6. George Yule. Oxford Practice Grammar,

Oxford University Press7. Gillian D. Brown, Sally Rice. Professional

English in Use (Law), Cambridge UniversityPress

8. John Eastwood. Oxford Learner's Grammar,Oxford University Press

9. John Grisham. Half the Man, Twice theMan, Gopsons, India, 2010

10. Judy Pearsall. The New Oxford Dictionary,Oxford University Press.

11. Michele M Asprey. Plain Language forLawyers, 3rd edition

12. Osborn's Concise Law Dictionary, Editedby Sheila Bone

13. Sara Thorne. Mastering Advanced English,Macmillan

14. Sideny Greenbaum Randolph Quirk. AStudent's Grammer of the English

15. Sita Ram Adhikari. Learner's AuthenticEnglish Grammar, Utsav Books Prakashan

16. The Language Of Law (CDC)


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-v_ lj=;+= !(!) sf] d'n'sL P]gsf] sfg'gL efiff .

-u_ @)@) kl5sf] d'n'sL P]gdf k|o'Qm sfg'gL efiff, jt{dfgsf]sfg'gL efiffsf r'gf}tLx¿ .

#= sfg'gL g]kfnLsf zAbut, jfSout tyf cleJolQmut ljz]iftfx¿ .

$= sfg'gL g]kfnL efiffdf j0f{–ljGof; ;DaGwL Joj:yf tyf n]VolrGxsf] k|of]u

PsfO u M sfg'gL g]kfnL efiffsf] k|of]u ;DaGwL ljz]if Jofjxfl/scEof;

kf7\o ljifoj:t'

!= sfg'gL zAbx¿sf] /rgf k|lqmofsf] 1fg / cEof;

@= sfg'gL jfSox¿sf] ljZn]if0f tyf ;+Zn]if0f k|lqmofsf] 1fg / cEof;

#= -s_ lgDglnlvt sfg'gL 6'Ssf / jfSof+zx¿sf] k|of]u ug]{cEof; M

s}lkmot tna ug'{, s}lkmot ug'{, d'v ldNg', Gofosf gf}l;ª x'g', vnn kfg'{, aft nfUg', cfslif{t x'g', nuts:g', pk/ x'g', Dofb 7]Sg', vt vfKg', nut s§f ug'{,7x/ ug'{, k];Ldf r9\g', 7§f d:s/L ug'{, lrQn] b]Vg', c+uk'Ug', jfltn ug'{, v8f ug'{, ;'lg kfpg', tltDaf ug'{,d'NtaL hufpg', k|df0f nfUg', sf/0f vf]Ng', k|s6 ug'{,lh/x ug'{, z+sfsf] 3]/fdf /fVg', ;f]wk'5 ug'{, lhls/ lng',3'/ vfKg', cfª vf]Ng', lauf] eg'{, rng rnfpg', aGb;jfn ug'{, lsgf/f ug'{, OG;fkm hfFRg', zky vfg', lh/xug'{, ujfxL lbg', pkrf/ k|bfg ug'{, ;'g'jfO ug'{, d's//x'g', hf/L ug'{, hfx]/ ug'{, km';{b kfpg', ;2] lst]{ 5'6\ofpg',d'v ;flat x'g', Odfg wd{ ;Demg', kf]Ng' .

v_ lgDglnlvt sfg'gL kfl/eflifs zAbx¿sf] lgdf{0flqmof,zAbfy{ 1fg / k|of]usf] cEof; M

cj}wflgs y'gf, clVtof/gfdf, cleof]ukq, cg';"rL,cdfg'lifs Jojxf/, cª\ueª\u, clwu|x0f, clen]v, cg'aGw,cg'R5]b, cdfGo, cWofb]z, cleo'Qm, cGtsf{nLg, cg'lrtljnDa, cleof]hg, cgd]n, clwsf/ If]q, clwsf/k[R5f,clwjQmf, cGtl/d ck/fw, c;'npk/, ckjfbfTds Joj:yf,c+z, c+zkq, c+z;j{:j, cs0f{, cg'lrt nfe, crn ;DklQ,cbfntL aGbf]a:t, clnkmf;]{, cfu], cfah]{, cGtsf{nLgcfb]z, cfzo s/0fL, cfzo, Otnfogfdf, OR5fkq, OaL,ph'/, pkbkmf, pkrf/, pklgod, pkwf/f, pv8f, pTk|]if0f,pN6L km};nf, ph/ftL, Psf3/, Plds; So"/L, P]g, s;',sa'lnotgfdf, s'6lk6, st{JoHofg, st{Jojfnf, sfuhft,sfg'g, snd, sAhf, sfa', s/f/, s}b, v08] km};nf, vt,vfgtnf;L, vf]6f 6s, vfdaGbL, u}/Goflos, ukmnt, u}/sfg'gL, 3';vf]/, r:dlbb ujfx, rf]/L, rf]s] Aofh, 5f]8kq,5]8vfgL, hUufbkf]6, hfohft, hGds}b, lh/x, hfx]/,hah{:tL s/0fL, h'NdL, lhpgL, hfn;fhL, hfoh, l7gL,7]Ssfk§f, 98\8f, 9'Ëf, tby{, tfd]n, txlssft, thlah,tf/]v, tf/]vkrf{, tfobftL kmfd{, y'g'jf, bfloTj, b[li6aGws,b'?T;fxg, b/lk7, bkmf, bfOhf], wf/f, w/f}6, GofofwLz,Gofoflws/0f, lgod, glh/, lgif]wf1f, gfafns, lgodfklQ,lgnDag, lgvGg', gfoa, k|lt/Iff, k|ltjfbL, k|Tofe"lt,k|ltpQ/kq, k|Tofof]hg, k|ltj]bs, k|aGwkq, k'g/fj]bs,k|fs[lts Gofo, k/dfb]z, k"0f{ Ohnf;, k"jf{k/fwL, k'k{If,k|j]zf1f, k|fªGofo, kLl8t JolQm, k];L, k|:tfj, k|:tfljtJolQm, kb]g, k]jf, k|s/0f, k'g/fjnf]sg, km/f/, kmf}hbf/L,lkm/fbkq, km8s], ablgot, a]l/t, askq, afn laHofOF,aft, a/fdb, ab/, aofg, lauf], aGb;jfn, a]uf/, a'Fbf,afna'hf{, a|Dxlg;fkm, aS;f}gL, e"n, e/kfO{, e|i6frf/,eljtJo, dltof/, ldnfkq, d'r'Nsf, DofbL k'hL{, d'v;flat,dgfl;a, ldl;n, d'NtaL, /f]xa/, l/tk"j{s, /fhsfh, /xhgL, nfndf]x/, nfjfl/;, nfk/jfxL, nvaGws, aGbLk|ToIfLs/0f, JolQm, jfbL, ljlwlj1fg, ljz]if1, ljaGwg,j]Zofj[lQ, jo:s, jfbL, ljlgod, jf/bft, jf/];, ;gfvt,;+/Ifs, ;h{ldg, ;fljs, :j]R5frf/L, ;fws, ;xcleo'Qm,

;+ljwfg, ;'kl/j]If0f, ;a'bd'vL, ;dfx\jfg, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;,:qLwg, ;DaGwljR5]b, :jLsf/f]lQm, ;flatL, xsjfnf, xflh/hdfgL, x'lnof, lx/f;t, lxgfldgf, xfnjfnf, xbDofb,lxtu|fxL JolQm, If]qflwsf/, Ifltk"lt{ .

PsfO 3 M sfg'gL lnvtx¿sf] ;+/rgfut 1fg / Jofjxfl/s k|of]usf]cEof;kf7\o ljifoj:t'

!= lgDglnlvt k|s[ltsf ;"rgfx¿ n]Vg] cEof;

-s_ ;"rgf

-v_ lgj]bg

-u_ 3/fo;L lnvt

-3_ cbfntL lnvt

PsfO ª M sfg'gL /rgf tyf cleJolQmlzNk ;DaGwL cEof;kf7\o ljifoj:t'

!= sfg'gL cg'R5]b n]vgsf] cEof;

@= ;d;fdlos sfg'gL ;d:ofdf l6Kk0fL ug]{ cEof;

#= sfg'gL sygnfO{ :jtGq ¿kdf JofVof ug]{ cEof;

PsfO r M sfg'gL uBsf] af]w tyf cleJolQmkf7\o ljifoj:t'

!= sfg'gL uBsf] af]w

@= sfg'gL uBsf] a'Fbf l6kf]6 / ;ª\If]kLs/0f ug]{ cEof;

#= sfg'gL uB

-s_ afn g/l;+x s'Fj/, /0faxfb'/ zfxsf] xTof k|ltj]bg -!*^#_,sfg'g @&

-v_ zDe' k|;fb 1jfnL, g]kfndf Gofo d08nsf] k'g/u7g-@))*_, sfg'g @^

-u_ s';'d >]i7, /fi6«sf] ;jf{lË0f ljsf;df sfg'g Joj;foL,Gofob"t @#

-3_ xl/x/ bfxfn, cbfntsf] cjx]ngf, Gofob"t ##

-ª_ k|sfz j:tL, af/sf] Oltxf;, sfg'g !(

-r_ l8NnL/fh cfrfo{, Goflos ;+:s[ltdf efG;] ljrf/L, sfg'g &

-5_ 8f= o'j/fh ;+u|f}nf, kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|zf;g, sfg'g @%

-h_ ljZjgfy pkfWofo, k|ltlglw;ef lj36gsf] l;kmfl/z, sfg'g!$

-em_ xl/ yfkf, xl/k|;fb k|wfgsf] k'g/vf]hL, sfg'g !@

-`_ nId0f k|;fb cof{n, sfg'gdf k|f0f xfNg] s;n], Gofob"t !!

PsfO 5 M ;flxlTos e]bsf] af]w tyf cf:jfbg .kf7 \o ljifoj:t 'kf7 \o ljifoj:t 'kf7 \o ljifoj:t 'kf7 \o ljifoj:t 'kf7 \o ljifoj:t '

! =! =! =! =! = pkGof;pkGof;pkGof;pkGof;pkGof;

kvf{n leq / aflx/ – kfl/hft

@ =@ =@ =@ =@ = g f 6sg f6sg f6sg f6sg f6s

kTy/sf] syf – ljho dNn

# =# =# =# =# = sy fsy fsy fsy fsy f

-c_ kl/aGb – k'is/ zdz]/

-cf_ Ps /ft – ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnf

$ =$ =$ =$ =$ = l ga Gwl ga Gwl ga Gwl ga Gwl ga Gw

-c_ jL/x¿ – nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f

-cf_ dkfOF – e}/j cof{n

-O_ tf]/Lnfx'/] rf]sdf Ps l5g – ?b| v/]n

% =% =% =% =% = sljtfsljtfsljtfsljtfsljtf

-c_ pb\af]wg – nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f

-cf_ ltdL sf] < – uf]kfnk|;fb l/dfn

-O_ xfdL – e"lk z]/rg


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kf7\ok':ts!= afns[i0f kf]v/]n – /fi6« efiff – ;femf k|sfzg

@= ?b| v/]n – ljz]if g]kfnL – k}/jL k|sfzg

#= kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlwsf] lbUbz{g – sfg'g cGj]if0f tyf ;|f]tljsf; s]Gb| -;]n8{_

$= k'is/ zdz]/sf syfx¿ – ;femf k|sfzg

%= nIdL lgaGw ;+u|x – ;femf k|sfzg

^= ho e'F8L – /Tg k':ts e08f/

&= lxdfnr'nL – ;+ O{Zj/ a/fn – ;femf k|sfzg

*= cfdfsf] ;kgf – ;femf k|sfzg

(= 3'Dg] d]rdfly cGwf] dfG5] – ;femf k|sfzg

!)= kTy/sf] syf – ;femf k|sfzg

!!= kvf{n leq / kvf{n aflx/, kfl/hft :d[lt s]Gb| – Dx]kL, sf7df8f}+

!@= tf]/Lnfx'/] rf]sdf Ps l5g – ?b| v/]n

ObjectivesObjectives of this course are:- To provide fundamental knowledge to students

about the International Relations andDiplomacy;1

- To make them able to understand theconsequences and importance of InternationalRelations and Diplomacy in international andpeace and order; and

- To expose students in historical transition ofthe world politics and relations.

Contents1. Introduction to International Relations

a. Concept of international relations.b. Different theories of international relations.

- System Theory, Game Theory,Communication Theory

- Realism: Balance of Power- Liberalism/Pluralism- Constructivism: in between the global

and domestic politics2. History of International Relations

a. Peace treaty of Westphaliab. Peace treaty of Versaillesc. Locarno Agreementsd. The Kellogg -Briand Pacte. The Munich Pact

3. Diplomacya. Definition and Nature of Diplomacyb. Function of Diplomatsc. Classification of Diplomats & Counsels,d. Types of Diplomacy: Democratic

Diplomacy, Totalitarian Diplomacy,Personal Diplomacy etc.

e. Propaganda & Diplomacy, Propaganda as apart of Diplomacy in current InternationalRelation

f. Diplomacy before and after First World Warg. Diplomacy after Second World Warh. Cold War era and diplomacy

4. Foreign Relation of Fascist Italy & NaziGermany.a. Mussolini and Fascist Doctrine and his

Foreign Policy & Relationb. Weimar Republic and its failurec. Hitler & Nazi’s Movement, Success &

Failured. Holocaust and its impact in international

relations5. The Second World War of the Peace

Treaties, 1939-1950a. Causes of Second World War, War Time

Conference and its important, PeaceNegotiation and Peace Treaties, PeaceTreaties after 2nd World War

b. War Criminals & Trials.c. German War Criminals & Nuremberg triald. Japanese War Criminals & Tokyo triale. Recent Trends & Changes

- Rwanda- Kosovo- Sierra Leone- East Timor

f. Involvement of Nepal through Gurkhas inthe Second World War, and theirContribution to Peace, and to Build NewInternational Order.

6. Disarmament and Arms Controla. Meaning and Nature of Disarmament and

Arms Control,

3) International Relations and Diplomacy

;Gbe{ k':ts!= d'n'sL P]g – sfg'gL lstfa Joj:yf ;ldlt, sf7df8f}+ .

@= 6f]kaxfb'/ l;+x – g]kfnL sfg'gL zAbsf]z, kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|

#= dfgjclwsf/ k|lzIf0f lgb]{lzsf – sfg'g cGj]if0f tyf ;|f]t ljs;s]Gb| -;]n8{_

$= ck/fwzf:q – dfwjk|;fb cfrfo{

%= g]kfnL kmf}hbf/L sfg'gsf] ljZn]if0ffTds cWoog – ;]n8{

^= sfg'g / Gofob"t klqsfsf ljleGg cÍx¿

&= JolQm / JolQmTj – zDe' k|;fb 1jfnL

*= jlsn gePdf – k|sfz j:tL

(= sfg'g th'{df;DaGwL cjwf/0ffTds kIfx¿ – g]kfn sfg'g cfof]u

!)= lzlz/df km'n]sf] u'/fF;, 8f= o'j/fh ;+u|f}nf, ld8\o8 g]kfn, sf7df8f}+


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b. Arms Control Process in InternationalRelation

c. Role of United Nationsd. Role of USA and USSR (Russia)e. Small Arms Control and International

Relationf. Land Mines and International Relation

7. Cold War after World War IIa. Cause and Origin of Cold War.b. Division of the World between the Warsaw

Pact and NATOc. Impact of cold war in development of

peaceful international orderd. Impact of cold war in functions of the

United Nations8. Non- Alignment Movement and its Impact

on International Peace and Ordera. Origin and development of Aligned

Movement (NAM)b. Success of NAMc. Nepal's Role in NAM

9. Nepal in World Politicsa. Foreign Policy of Nepal – Nepal and China

– Nepal and India – Nepal and USA, Nepaland Russia (USSR) and Nepal and EU

b. Nepal’s Peace Zone proposal; and why theconcept was dropped informally.

c. Nepal’s relations within SAARC;d. Formation of SAARC, Role played by

Nepal in SAARC to make it a viableorganization

10. Nepal and Peace keeping works of UNa. History of Nepal’s participation in peace

keeping missionb. UN Missions Nepal has played role in peace

keepingc. UNMIN and its Evaluation

Recommended Books1. Devraj Dahal and Nischal Nath Pandey,

Comperhensive Security in South Asia, FESand IFA, 2006.

2. Dr. Shastra Dutta Pant, Nepal-India BorderProblems, SIRUD, Kathmandu, 2006

3. Harish Kapur, Foreign Policies of India'sPrime Ministers, Lancer International, 2009

4. Institute of Foreign Affairs Policy StudySeries, Institute Foreign Affairs, (IFA),Kathmandu, Nepal.

5. James N. Wolfs, An Introduction toInternational Relations, Power and Justice,Prentice Hall.

6. Navnita Chadha Behera (ed.), InternationalRelations in South Asia; SAGE, 2008.

7. Roy A.C. International Relations, Since1919

8. S.D. Muny, Nepali Foreign Policy, NewDelhi.

9. S.J.R. Baliram, International Organization,Vikash Publication.

10. T.R. Vaidya and B.R. Bajracharya (ed.),Nepal: International Perspective, AmolPublications Pvt. India, 1996

11. Various Issues of Sainaik Aawaj, A Journalof Gurkha Ex-Servicemen Organization.

12. Wright, Quincy, The Study of InternationalRelations, Times of India Publication,Bombay.

13. Yubaraj Sangroula, "Nepal's ForeignRelations: Critical Understanding" inNepalese Legal System, Human RightsPerspective, KSL, 2005

14. Yubaraj Sangroula, Concept of Peace Zone:An Emerging Theme of International Law,1984

4) International Organizations

ObjectivesThe objectives of this course are:- To impart general knowledge to students about

types, functions, powers and responsibilities ofvarious international organizations; and

- To expose students to the contribution ofinternational organization in modern internationallaw making process as well as to maintain currentinternational order

Contents1. The League of Nations:

a. Originb. Organization of the Leaguec. Nature of the Leagued. Activities of the Leaguee. League and the World Peacef. Other Activities of the Leagueg. Achievements of the League of Nations


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h. Causes of the Failure of the League ofNations.

2. The United Nations:a. Origin of U.N.Ob. Relation between the Security Council and

the General Assembly: Activities of theUnited Nations

3. The U.N.O. and the League of Nations4. The Commonwealth of Nations –

Commonwealth and its relevance today:5. The International Court of Justice:

a. Background,b. Composition,c. Access to the Court,d. Jurisdiction of the Court,e. ICJ’s Contribution in Development of

International Law.b. Important Cases decided by International

Court of Justice establishing new principlesof international law.- The Corfu Channel Case (United

Kingdom of Great Britain and NorthernIreland v. People's Republic of Albania)

- Fisheries Case (United Kingdom v.Norway)

- Nottebohm Case (Liechtenstein v.Guatemala)

6. Major Specialized Agencies under UNand their Functions:a. UNESCO: Composition, functions and

contributionsb. ILO: Composition, functions and

contributionsc. IMF: Composition, functions and

contributionsd. World Bank: Composition, functions and

contributionse. ICAO: Composition, functions and

contributionsf. UNICEF: Composition, functions and

contributionsg. WHO: Composition, functions and

contributionsh. World Food Program: Composition,

functions and contributionsi. UNDP: Composition, functions and

contributionsj. OHCR: Composition, functions and

contributions

k. UN Women: Composition, functions andcontributions

7. Some Regional Organizations:a. ESCAP: Composition, functions and

contributionsb. ADB: Composition, functions and

contributionsc. ASEAN: Composition, functions and

contributionsd. AALCO: Composition, functions and

contributionse. AU: Composition, functions and

contributionsf. EU: Composition, functions and

contributionsg. OAS, Composition, functions and

contributionsh. SAARC: Composition, functions and

contributionsi. BIMSTEC: Organization, jurisdictions,

functions and contributions8. Some International Organization

a. WTO: Organization, jurisdictions, functionsand contributions

b. ICRC: Organization, jurisdictions, functionsand contributions

c. Red Cross: Organization, jurisdictions,functions and contributions

d. Amnesty International: Organization,jurisdictions, functions and contributions

Recommended Books1. Alvin LeRoy Benett and James K. Oliver;

International Organisationns: Principles andIssues, Principles and Issues; Prentice Hall,2002

2. Chirstopher C. Joyner (ed.), The unitedNations and International Law; The AmericanSociety of International Law, 1999.

3. Clive Archer, International Organisations,Routledge, 2007

4. Kumar Ingnam: An Introduction to WorldTrade Organisations, Kathmandu School ofLaw, 2009

5. Statutes of Concerned InternationalOrganization.

6. Wermer J. Feild, Robert S. Jordan and LeonHurwitz; International Organisations: Acomparative Approach


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ObjectivesObjectives of this course are:- To make students aware of principles and goals

of making laws by legislative body;- To help students understand various factors

involved in and responsible for making laws bylegislative body;

- To enable them understand effectiveness oflegislation as a -tool for shaping the structure ofthe society and people’s life in modern times, and

- To acquaint them with legislative trends and policyin Nepal.

Contents1. General Concept of Legislation

a. Definition of legislationb. Importance of legislation in ‘shaping the

change in the society’.c. Significance of legislation to strengthen law

and order, development and justiced. General legislative process of lawe. Types of legislation: (i) Constitution- role

and significance of constitution; (ii) Acts-roles and significance of Acts;(iii) Regulations- importance of regulations;(iv) Bye laws; (v) Ordinance; and(vi) Government standing orders.

2. Use of Legislation as a State’s Tool of Poweron People in Autocracies- a critical observation.

3. Use of Legislation as a State’s Tool of Powerto Administer Good Governance

4. Use of Legislation as tool of empoweringpeople to enjoy rights and benefits

5. Objectives of Legislation- Social Change andSocial Control– Bentham’s Theory ofLegislation (Principle of Utility) – Bentham'sMorals and Legislation

6. Law Making for Social Change- Legislation asa tool of progressive change.

7. Importance of Public Opinion in the LawMaking Process

8. Instrumentalities that Influence SocialBehavior and Law Making Processa. Education, Media, Religion, Morality,

Economic Structure, Political Structure,Social Structure and Societal Value System

9. Provisions of Constitution RegardingLegislative Law Making Process, including howFundamental Rights, Directive Principles, BasicFeatures of Constitution contribute indetermining the shape of law..

10. Drafting Principles of Legislationa. Role of Interest Group

b. Identification of the problems to beaddressed by the legislation

c. Framing of legislative Policyd. Identification of policy alternativese. Formulation of the draft proposal for billf. Formulation of the draft bill5

11. Law Making Process in Nepala. Drafting of Billb. Adoption of Government Billsc. Adoption of Private Billsd. Committee Hearinge. Plenary Discussionf. Final Adoption

12. Subordinate Legislationa. Rulesb. Regulationsc. Orders of noticed. Bye-lawse. Scheme

- Bye Law making process- Practical Exercises of Drafting

Legislative Bills. (Students will PrepareVarious Draft Bills and Perform aDiscussion in Moot-ParliamentarySession)

13. Importance of Legal Research in Law MakingProcess

14. Role of Law Commission- The machinery ofLaw Reform

15. Behavior and Accountability of Law Makers16. Law making and control making: Differences17. Interpretation of Law and Constitution

Recommended Books1. A.V. Dicey; Law and Public Opinion in England, 2nd

Ed., Universla Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., 1998.2. B.R. Atre, Legislative Drafting, 2nd Edition,

Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., 20063. Bhimarjun Acharya, Making of Constitution

through constituent Assembly, Pairavi Prakashan,Kathmandu, 2006.

4. Cornelius M. Kerwin, Rule Making, UniversalBooks Traders, Delhi, 1997

5. J. Bentham, Introduction to the Principles ofMorals and Legislation, Universal Law PublishingCo. Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 2004.

6. Kamal Raj Thapa (ed), Governance, Constitutionand Contemporary Issues, 2066.

7. P.M. Bakshi, An introduction to LegislativeDrating, 5th edition, Tripathi Pvt. Ltd., Bombay,1995.

5) Legislative Principles and Law making Process


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6) Principles and Rules of Procedural Law

ObjectivesObjectives of this course are:- To make students familiar with fundamental

principles of procedural laws To acquaint studentswith rules of procedures in Nepal

- To acquaint students with judicial process ofNepal

Contents1. Introduction

a. Importance of the Study of Procedural Lawb. Relation between Substantive and

Procedural Lawsc. Summary and General Procedural Lawsd. Special Procedurese. Distinction between Criminal Procedural

and Civil Procedural Lawsf. Procedures for Alternative Dispute

Resolution – Negotiation, Mediation andArbitration

g. Principles of Procedural Fairness in relationto Interim Constitution of Nepal 2063

h. Writ Procedures2. Some Basic Principles of Procedural Law

a. Principle of Natural Justiceb. Principle of Res Judicatac. Principle of Stare decisisd. Principle of Amicus Curiae

3. Law of Limitation (Concepts andImportance)a. Limitation in Criminal Offensesb. Limitation in Civil Disputes.c. Limitation in Contractual Obligationsd. Principle of Laches.e. Distinction Between Limitation and

Notice(mayad)4. Hierarchy of Courts and Their

Jurisdictionsa. Trial Court’s Jurisdictionb. First Appeal Court’s Jurisdictionc. Supreme Court’s Jurisdiction

d. Doctrine of Hierarchy of Court on the Basisof Precedent

e. Doctrine of Hierarchy of Court on the Basisof Appeal

f. Doctrine of Extraordinary Jurisdiction5. Jurisdiction of Quasi Judicial Bodies

a. Reasons of Growth for Quasi JudicialBodies and their Judicial Authorities

b. Procedures Applicable in the Quasi JudicialBodies

6. Procedure Relating to Various Stages ofCivil and Criminal Litigation

7. Procedures Relating to Execution ofJudgement

8. Appellate Procedure9. Administration of Justice System and

Application of Procedural Lawa. Challenges of Procedural Lawb. Formalism and Procedural Lawc. Justice and Procedural Law

Recommended Books1. Analysis and Reforms of the Criminal

Justice System in Nepal, CeLRRd, 1999.2. Appellate Court Regulations, 20483. Constitution of Nepal4. D. Lake Rusmey (Ed.) Master Advocate’s

Handbook, National Institute for TrialAdvocacy

5. District Court Manual, CeLRRd6. District Court Regulations, 20527. Draft Criminal Procedures Code of Nepal.8. Gertrude Block, Effective Legal Writing9. Gyanendra Bahadur Shrestha, Outline of

Procedural Law, Pairavi Prakashan,Kathmandu.

10. Haydock, Herr and Stempel, Fundamentalsof Pretrial Litigation

11. Judicial Administration Act 204812. Leading Cases of Supreme Court13. Muluki Ain, 202014. Paralegal Manual, CeLRRd


8. Roscoe Pound; Introduction to Philosophy ofLaw, Yale University press, U.K., 2006.

9. Upendra Baxsi , Bentham Theory ofLegislation, 7th Reprint Sirohi Brothers Pvt.Ltd., 2006

10. V.C.A. R.A.C. CRABBE, Legislative Drafting,Canvendish Publishing Ltd., Londo, 1993.

11. W. Friedmann, Legal Theory, 5th ed.,Universla Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.,Delhi, 2003.

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7) Sociology of Law

ObjectivesObjective of this course are:- To introduce students with the basic concept of

relations between law and sociology,- To introduce students the theories related with

sociology of law, and- To help students analyze sociology of law in the

Nepalese context.- To help students to analyze the legal provisions to

find whether they adequately address the currentsocial problems

Contents1. Society, Law and Crimes

a. Relation between Society and Law- Law, Religion and Morality- Law and Custom

b. Relation between Society, Law and Crimes- Social values, Rules and Sanctions- Law as a Means of Social Control- Law as a Means of Social Change- Law as a Means to Prevent Crime

2. Meaning and Concept of Sociology of Lawa. Meaning of Sociology of Lawb. Conceptual Development of Sociology of

Lawc. Sociology of Law as a Sub-division of

Sociologyd. Sociology of Law as a Part of Sociological

Jurisprudencee. Basic Propositions of Sociology of Law

3. Some Theories on Sociology of Law:a. Emile Durkheimb. Max Weberc. Karl Marxd. Roscoe Pound: Social Engineering and

Balance of Conflicting Interest.4. Sociology of Law in Nepal

a. Historical Development of Nepali Lawwith Reference to Ancient to Modern SocialContexts.

b. Nepali Society and New Muluki Ain.c. Nepali Society and Nepalese Constitutions.d. Provision on Protection of Ethnicity,

Religion and Language (judicial Attitudealso) in the Constitution of the of Nepal.

5. Reflection of Social Changes in JudicialProcess and Administration of Justice:a. Meera Dhungana V. HMGb. Man Bahadur Bishokarma vs HMGc. Lal Bahadur Thapa Vs. Kathmandu

Municipality (Language Case)d. Rina Bajracharya vs. Royal Nepal Airlines

Corporation. (Gender Equality)e. Tara Poudel Vs. Kaski District Court ( case

on incest)6. Problems of the Enforcement of Law

a. Past and Present Legal Psychologyb. Problem of Power Relation

- Gender- Caste- Class

c. Analysis of Present Law and order Situationand the Role of Law

Recommended Books1. Constitutions of Nepal2. Ehrlich, E., Fundamental Principles of

Sociology of Law, New York, 19723. Friedman, W.G. 1951 Law and Social

Change in Contemporary Britain, London,Sweet and Maxwell.

4. Muluki Ain5. Regmi, D.R, Ancient Nepal, Calcutta,

Mukhapadhya, 19696. Yubaraj Sangroula Condemned to

Exploitation, Trafficking of Girls andWomen in Nepal, KSL, 2001.

7. Yubaraj Sangroula, Kanoon Sastra andKanoon ka Siddhanta, Pairavi Prakashan,2001.

15. Pawan Kumar Ojha, Procedural Law16. Rebatiraman Khanal, Writ Nibedan, Sajha

Prakashan17. Robert Keeton, Basic Expressions for Trial

Lawyers Supplement to Trial Tactics andMethods, Little Brown Company.


18. State case Regulations, 205519. State Cases Act 2049 and Regulations,

Government Attorneys’ Regulations.20. Summary Procedures Act 202821. Supreme Court Act and Regulations, 2049

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8) Criminal Law

ObjectivesObjectives of this course are:- To provide knowledge of basic principles of

criminal law. It aims to cover basic governing lawsin which the government is the prosecutor as statedin state cases Act 2049 B.S.

- To give a comprehensive knowledge in criminallaw covering all the cases in which the aggrievedparty is the plaintiff.

- To enable students analyze and apply the case lawestablished by the Supreme Court of Nepal.

- To impar t critical knowledge on criminaljurisprudence.

- To provide comparative knowledge of criminallaw of Nepal including India and Britain inappropriate area.


a. Definition of Crimeb. Nature of Criminal Lawc. Jurisdiction of Criminal Lawd. Distinction of Crime from Tort and Breach

of Contracte. Classification of Criminal Liability

- Relative Liability (the Four Stages ofCrime)

- Strict Liability- Vicarious Liability- Classification According to the Rules of

Proceduref. General Principles of Criminal Liability

- Ignorance of law no excuse- Act alone does not amount to guilt, it

must be accompained by mens rea.- Doctrine of double jeopardy- Criminal law has no retrospective effect.- Crime dies with the criminal- Presumption of Innocence.

2. Elements of Crimea. Actus reus : Act, Ommission, State of Affairs,b. Act Committed Through Innocent Agentc. Act Committed in a Series of

Fragmentation Forming Part of the SameTransaction.

d. Mens rea :- Intention- Recklessness- Negligence· Motive

e. Tansferred Intention (Transfer of Malice)

f . Actus reus and Mens rea must Concur Togetherto Give Criminal Liability

3. General Defensesa. Infancyb. Insanityc. Drunkenness and Drug Takingd. Self Defense (Private Defense)e. Necessityf. Duress and Coerciong. Consenth. Mistakei. Superior Orderj. Inevitable accident

4. Inchoate Offencesa. Incitementb. Conspiracyc. Attempt

5. Parties to the Crimea. Accessories Before the Factb. Accessories on the Fact (Principle/

Secondary Offender)c. Accessories After the Factd. Waiving the enterprisee. Entrapmentf. Vague Knowledge of Crime (mens rea)g. Passive observation (actus reus)h. Consequence remotely connectedi. Transferred Malice when relevant in relation

to abettorsj. Cases where perpetrator immune, abettor

liablek. Abettors immune under duressl. Conspirators equally liablem. No abettors in provocative incident except

incitern. No abettor in negligent offence except

inciter6. Homicide and Abortion7. Assault and Battery8. False Imprisonment9. Offences Relating to Medical Case and Treatment10. Trafficking in Human Beings11. Kidnapping and Hostage taking12. Rape13. Incest14. Unnatural Sex offences (Homo Sexuality,

Bestiality)15. Sexual Harassment


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16. Marriage (valid marriage, viod marriage,viodable marriage, punishable marriageAdulterous marriage, Registered Marriage)

17. Domestic Violence18. Introduction of Draft Bill relating to

Disappearance19. Theft and dealing with stolen property20. Looting21. Cheating22. Arson23. Forgery of document and Fraud24. Forgery of weight and measure25. Offense relating to animal26. Offense against state27. Public offense28. Offense against social custom and caste

discrimination and untouchability (adalko sec.10, 10 ka)

29. Offense against witch craft and social by cottof sick person (Adalko 10 kha)

30. Offense relating to narcotic drug31. Motoring offense32. Bribery and corruption33. Cyber crime34. Introduction to Draft Bill relating to Criminal

Code35. Other offense as stated in schedule one of State

cases Act 2049 and other enactments relatingto crime in which government is plaintiff(Introduction only)

Recommended Books1. Analysis and Reforms of Criminal Jusitce System

in Nepal, CeLRRd, 1999.2. Andrew Ashworth, Principles of Criminal Law,

5th Ed. Oxford University Press, 2006.3. Basline Survey on Criminal Justice System of

Nepal, Center for Legal Research and ResourceDevelopment (CeLRRd), 2000.

4. Criminal Jurisprudence, Prof. Madhav Pd.Acharya and Ganesh Bhattarai, 2065, Kathmandu

5. Diane Birch etal, Blackstone’s Criminal Practice9th ed. Blackstone press limitted, 1999

6. Dr. Rajit Bhakta Pradhanang, Homicide Law inNepal, Concept History and Judicial Practice, 1st

ed., Ratna Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, 2001.7. Glanville, Williams, Textbook of Criminal Law

Stevens and Sons, London 1978.8. Janet Dine and Tames Gobert Cases and Materials

on Criminal Law (1993) Balckstone Press Limited.9. K.D. Gaur, Criminal Law cases and Materials 4th

ed. Lexis Nexis Battrworths New Delhi, 200510. Kannoon Bi Monthly and Nayaydoot Monthly

11. Lafare, Criminal Law 3rd, Wayne R. Lafave,Criminal Law 3rd ed, West Group USA 2000.

12. National Workshop on Criminal Justice System inNepal : Existing Relaties and ProspectiveReforms, 1997, ILRR.

13. Ratanlal and Dhirajlal, The Indian Penal Code14. Report on Impact of Corruption in Criminal

Justice System on Women, CeLRRd, 2000 AD15. Report on Study of Counter Corruption Legal

Framework, CeLRRD, 2000 AD16. Smith and Hogan, Crimnal Law Cases and

Materials, 4th ed., Butterworth & Co. Ltd, 199017. William Wilson, Criminal Law doctrine and theory

Longman UK 1998.18. kmf}hbf/L sfo{ljlw lbUbz{g M ;]n8{, dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no,

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Leading Cases1. Four stages of Crime Commission

- NG v. Tek Bdr. Kshetry NKP 2066 P. 743(rape of under aged girl)

2. Strict Liability- R.V Tyrell (1894) IQB 610 (Under aged

girl instigating boy friend for Kernalknowledge)

3. Doctrine of Double Jeopardy- Durga Lal Chaudhary v. HMG NKP 2042,

P. 46 (offense against state/pardon/docoitcharge again)

4. Criminal Law has no retrospective effect- Uttam Lama v. HMG NKP 2061, P. 1103

(Commission of trafficking crime before2043 / Law 2043 applied)

5. Crime dies with the criminal- Jirawat Kurmi v. Chandreswor NKP 2016,

P 271 (Docit / death before conviction /order to continue the trial to facilitatevictim’s right to compensation)

6. Right to notice / False imprisonment- Amar Bdr. Gurung V. TIA NKP. 2049, P.

31 (Drug case / illegal detention at first /Detention Legalized by concealing the fact/ aggrieved party may pursue course ofaction under false imprisonment)

7. Ommission- HMG v. Kumar Adhikari, NKP 2056, P.

152 (Rape / Passive observation)8. Mens rea (Intention)

- Devi Bdr. Shimkhada v. HMG 2037 P. 148(Murder / intention to be discovered from


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Objectives:- To expose students to contemporary sentencing

system adopted by the state and help criticalanalysis of the impact thereof

- To help students understand the ‘impact ofpunishments’ in society, family and individual’slife.

Contents1. Desk Work by students on legal provisions on

penal or sentencing system in Nepal. The deskwork will be supervised by the faculty.

2. Visit of jail conditions and preparation ofsituational report.

3. Condition of lives in jails and situation ofenjoyment of human rights- a critical empiricalreport.

9) Clinical Course: Visits of Jails and Preparation of the Report onSentencing System and Reforms

4. Evaluation of reform initiated by theGovernment.

5. Presentations.6. Advocacy of rights of prisoners in various prisons7. Legal assistance and psycho-social counseling for

prisoners who are likely to finish prison termsand preparing for home going.

8. Each individual or group of student will take aparticular jail for study.

Evaluation- The report submitted and presented by students

before the class shall be evaluated together withthe written work submitted by them. Since it is apractical course students should secure 50% markto pass the subject.

use of weapon harm sustained by the victimand circumstances)

- HMG v. Kallu Dhobi, NKP 2060, P. 582(Reck lessness) Quarell between two whileworking in farm / one of them strikes withsickle on the waist / death / liable formurder)

- Karna Bdr. v. HMG 2037, P. 178(Negligence) (Throwing stone to the samedirection from where the accused receivedthe hit / death / liable for negligence)

- Transferred malice- HMG v. Nara Bdr. Reule NKP 2061, P.

1486 (In a broil – how to distributed headof animals sacrificed in the temple / out ofrage swinging knife / hitting his own brother/ death / held liable)

9. Insanity- Tirtha Dangol v. HMG NKP 2042 P. 435

(Striking at a sleeping wife with loud cry/confession/mental disease proved/acquittal)

10. Self Defense- Kousila Pun v. HMG NKP 2042 P. 13

(Quarell between husband and wife / bothreceiving injury / husband found dead withthroat injury / wife acquitted)

- HMG v. Bal manjari etal NKP 2040(Bisheank) P. 297 (Striking at the assailantsattempting to rape / when he is alreadyunconcious / no defense of chastity / heldliable for murder)

- HMG v. Dhana Maya NKP 2031 P. 1123(Killing one’s own mentally unsound son

by mother who raped her 3 times withinone and half hour time span / acquittal)

11. Consent- HMG v. Abdual Fatte Musalman NKP 2044

P. 840 (Love affairs, Suicide pact / consent)12. Conspiracy

- Kamal Basyal v. HMG NKP 2060, P. 851(Conspiracy in murder)

13. Attempt- Mahendra Bom v. HMG NKP 2051, P. 226

(Attempt to murder converted in to hurt)- HMG v. Bakutu Tamang NKP 2045 P. 1163

(girl detained in cowshed / charged inTrafficking)

14. Parties to the Crime- National Coal v. Gamble (1959) AB II

(Allowing to carry overloaded coal by seller/liable)

- R. v. Leak and cogan (1976) I QB 217(Husband Instigating his friend to have sexconnection with his wife / wife describedsexy nature)

15. Theft- HMG v. Mahendra KC NKP. 2044, P. 1281

(Burglary/dragging stolen property / fulloffense)

16. Reduction of Punishment- Shanti BK. v. HMG NKP 2961, P. 769

(Guideline by Supreme Court whileconsidering reduction of punishment)

- PrithviBdr Khadka v. NG NKP 2067, P.1321 (Reduction of Punishments for statingtruth in the Court)


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Methodology- The methodology of conducting the course shall

be planned by course teacher specifying the dateof field visit, report submission, presentationbefore the class and evaluation. This mark shallbe added in university examination.

Recommended Books:1. Anjen Boin, Crafting Public Institutions:

Leadership in Two Prison System, Published byLymne Rienner Publishers Inc. USA, 2001

2. Basic Education in Prisons United Nations andUNESCO, Institute for Education 1995

3. Nepal’s Penal System: An Agenda for Change,Centre for Victims of Torture Nepal. 1st ed.Kathmandu, 2001

4. Penal Reform in Nepal, Published by PRI andCVICT, Kathmandu 2000.

5. Tulasi Ram Baidhya, Tri Ratna Tuladhar, Crimeand Punishment in Nepal; A HistoricalPerspective, Published by Bini Vaidhya and PurnaDevi, Kathmandu 1985

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B.A. LL.B. Third Year

ObjectivesObjectives of this course are:- To familiarize students with concepts and

principles of human rights law- To discourse the normative framework of human

rights mainly developed out after world wars- To familiarize students with international and

regional human rights mechanisms protectingindividual vis a vis group rights ,

- To help develop capacity of students to conductcomparative study of domestic laws in the lightof international human rights laws, and

- To help students build capacity to applyinternational human rights instruments in thedomestic situation with special reference to poorand marginalized communities.

Contents1. Evolution of International Human Rights

Norms, Values and Rules-a. Ancient traditions such as Hinduism,

Buddhism, Confucianism, Islamicjurisprudence, Christianity etc

b. Western historical documents (EnglishDocuments, French and AmericanDeclaration)

b. League of Nations and Human Rights(Development of Anti-Slavery Conventionand ILO)

c. UN Charter and Human Rightsd. International Bill of Human Rights

· Universal Declaration of Human Rights· Twin Covenants and Optional Protocols

(ICESCR and ICCPR)

1) International Human Rights Law

2. Basic Concepts of Human Rightsa. Meaning and Nature of Human Rightsb. Source of Human Rightsc. Special Features and Characteristics of

Human Rightsd. Dichotomy between Civil and Political Rights

and Economic, Social and Cultural Rightse. Nexus between Right to Life and Adequate

Standards of Livingf. Basic Needs as Human Rightsg. Right to Development and Sound

Environmenth. National and International Obligations

3 Human Rights and Cultural Relativisma. Defining Cultural Relativismb. Relativity and Universalityc. Varieties of Cultural Relativismd. Caste and Cultural Relativism in Nepale. Gender and Cultural Relativism in Nepal

4. Rights of Different Groups under KeyHuman Rights Treatiesa. Elimination of Discrimination

- Racial Discrimination- Discrimination Against Women

b. Rights of Childc. Rights of Migrant Workersd. Rights of Persons with Disabilitese. Rights of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples

5. Protection of Human Rights during CivilStrifea. Meaning and Definitionb. International Conventions and Treaties

Permitting Use of Arms


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c. Code of Conduct of Law EnforcementOfficials While Using Arms

d. Control of Illegal Mob and Detention duringCivil Strife

6. Protection of Human Rights during Stateof Emergency, ArmedConf licta. Definition of State of Emergencyb. Procedural Requirements for the Declaration

of State of Emergencyc. Non-derogable and derogable Human Rights

and State Obligation during State ofEmergency

d. Protection of Human Rights particularly ofVulnerable Groups inArmed Conflicts

e. Rights Against Tor ture and EnforcedDisappearance

f. Code of Conducts of Law EnforcementOfficials

g. Judicial Guarantees7. Administration of Justice and Fair Trial

a. Concept, Elements and Principles of FairTrial

b. Stages of Fair Trial and Protection underHuman Rights Standards

c. Protection of Fair Trial during State ofEmergency

d. Guarantees to Protection and Participationof Victims

e. Rights of Juvenilesf. Legal Remedies

8. Human Rights Enforcement Mechanismsa. Charter-based Mechanisms

· Universal Periodic Review· Special Procedures

b. Treaty-based Mechanisms· State Party Reporting· Complaint Mechanisms

9. Regional Human Rights Frameworka. European Human Rights Systemb. Inter-American Human Rights Systemc. African Human Rights Systemd. Initiatives for the establishment of Asian and

other Sub-Regional Human Rights System10. Nepal’s Commitment to Protect and

Promote Human Rightsa. Status of Ratification of Human Rights

Instrumentsb. Constitutional Frameworks -9.2.Statutesc. Enforcement and Implementation Mechanisms

- Supreme Court Judgments onApplicability of International Instruments

- National Human Rights Institutions“ National Human Rights Commission

“ Others11. Role of National and International Non-

Governmental Organizationsa. Advocacy for the Ratificationb. Watchdog for the Protection of Human

Rightsc. Promotional Activities

Recommended Books1. Asbjorn Eide et al (Edited) “Economic Social and

Cultural Rights” Second Revised Edition, (KluwarLaw International, 2001)

2. Beth A. Simmons, “Mobilizing for Human Rights,International Law and Domestic Politics” (CambridgeUniversity Press, 2009)

3. Debi Chattarjee et. Al. (edited), ‘ Human Rights Theoryand Practice” [South Asian Publishers, Delhi, 2002]

4. Dr. H. O. Agarwal, “International Law and HumanRights” (13th edition), Central Law Publications,Delhi, 2006)

5. Gudmunder Alfredsson and Asbjorn Eide.(edited), “ The Universal Declaration of HumanRights” [Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1999]

6. Human Rights and Development, Edited by Dr.Mizanur Rahman (Published by ELCOP, 2002)

7. Human Rights in International Law (Council ofEurope Publishing (Universal law Publishing Co.(3rd Edition, 2007, 1st Indian Reprint 2009)

8. Implementing the Convention on the Rights of theChild, Edited by Jame R. Himes, Unicef(Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1995)

9. J.K. Das, “Human Rights and Indigenous Peoples”,[Efficient Offset Printers, 2001]

10. Jack Donnelly, “Universal Human Rights in Theoryand Practice “, [Cornell University Press, London,3rd print 1993 and 2005] Darren J Q, Byrne,“Human Rights: An Introduction, [Pearson EducationLimited 2003 (3rd Indian Reprint, 2005) ]

11. Janusz Symonides (edited) “Human Rights Conceptand Standards”, [UNESCO publishing, RawatPublications, 2002]

12. Mahendra P. Singh, Helmut Goerlich, Michael vonHauff, “Human Rights and Basic Needs” (Universallaw Publishing Co., 2008)

13. MV Raju, “HUMAN RIGHTS Today and TomorrowRole of Human rights Commission and Others”)Swastik Publications, Delhi, 2010

14. Niamh Relly, “Women’s Human Rights”, (PolityPress, Cambridge, UK, 2009)

15. Philip Alston and Mary Robinson, “Human rightsand Development Towards Mutual Reinforcement”,(Indian edition), Oxford University Press, 2006)

16. Rahul Rai, Monitoring International Human Rights,[Authors Press, 2002]


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17. Sandra Fredman (edited by), “Discrimination andHuman Rights”: The Case of Racism (Vol.XI/1),[Academy of Oxford University press, 2001]

18. Steven Foster, “The Judiciary, Civil Liberties andHuman Rights”, Edinburgh University Press, 2006

2) Principles of Interpretation (Interpretation of Statutes)

ObjectivesObjective of the course are :- To provide basic knowledge to students on

different rules and principles of interpretationof statues and their importance in practice, and

- To sensitize students about these rules and theirapplication in practice.


a. Meaning of Interpretation of Statuteb. Objectives of Interpretation of Statutec. Kindsd. Important Principles of Interpretation

2. Interpretation of Statutesa. Different Parts of Statutes:b. Titles, Preamble, Marginal Notes, Heading,

Schedules, Punctuation, Proviso andException

c. Commencement, Repeal and Revival ofLegislation

d. The External Aspects:e. Historical Setting, Dictionaries, References

Books and Parliamentary History andConventions

f. Consolidating and Codifying Statutes3. Rules of Interpretation

a. General Rules (Literal Rule, Mischief Rule,Golden Rule, Construction ut res magis valeatquam pereat)

b. Beneficial Rulec. Subsidiary Rule (ejusdem generise Rule, noscitur

a sociis, reddendo singula singulis, expressio uniusest exclusio alterius Rule, contemporanea expositio,Construction of Words in Bonana Partem)

4. Hindu Law “Mimangsa”(Some ImportantAspect)

5. Issues on Constructiona. Deeds and Willsb. Constitution, Negotiable Instrument,

Premium, Special Provision of an Act.c. Treaties and Conventiond. Trade & Contracts and their terminologye. World Trade Agreements

f. Restrictive Constructiong. Prevent Evasion or Abuseh. Construction to Avoid Collusion with Other

Provisionsi. Exceptional Construction

6. Presumptions(Constitutionality of a Statute, Jurisdiction,Retrospection Legislation, Violation ofInternational Obligations)

7. General Introduction of The KanoonByakhya Ain, 2010

8. Principles of Drafting (Acts, andRegulations)

Recommended Books:1. Black Law Dictionary (Latest Edition)2. Dworkin, Gerald, Construction of Deeds and

Statutes, Universal Law Pub., 5th ed. 20033. Eskridge William, Dynamic of Statutory

Interpration, Universal Law Pub. 1st ed. 20004. Law Lexicon (Latest Edition)5. Nepal Rastra Bank Act, 20586. P. St. Langan, Maxwell on the Interpretation of

Statute7. Public Procurement Act 2063 BS8. Ravi Sharma Aryal, Interpretation of Treaties,

Law and Practice, Deep and Deep PublicationPvt. Ltd., Delhi, 2003

9. Singh Avtar, Introduction to Interpretation ofStatutes, Wadhwa & Co. 2nd ed, 2005

10. Singh, G.P., Principles of StatutoryIntrepretation, Wadhwa & Co, 6th ed. 1996

11. Special Court Act, 205912. Supreme Court Procedure Act 202813. The Interpretation of Statute Act 2010 B.S

Case:– dgf]/y lu/L lj= g]kfn ;/sf/, glh/ ;+u|x, efu !)-v_, k[= $@,

k'=j]=c= ldlt )%^÷!@÷!^÷$

– l/gf ah|frfo{ lj= d=k=;=, g]sfk )%&, lg=g+= ^*(*, k[= #&^,glh/ ;+u|x efu !)-v_

– b]j]Gb| cfn] lj= g]kfn ;/sf/, g]sfk, )^!, lg=g+= &$#$, k[= !!%^

– e'jg sfsL{ lj= nf]=;]=cf= glh/ ;+u|x (-v_

– cfzfdfg ah|frfo{ lj= jf=c= lj=cbfnt, g]sfk )@!, lg=g+= %$^,k[= !%)

19. Upendra Baxi, “ The future of Human Rights”,[Oxford Publication, Second Ed. 2006]

20. V.T. Patil, “Human Rights Development in South Asia”,[Authors Press, 2003)

21. Yubaraj Sangroula, “Concepts and Evolution ofHuman Rights: Nepalese Perspectives” [KSL, 2005]


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ObjectivesObjectives of this course are :- To enable students to have critical appreciation

of various kinds of evidences and leading casesrelating to law of evidence

- To provide the knowledge about different formsof evidences, their importance and testimony inthe due course of collection of evidences andpresentation in litigation process


a. Meaning, Nature & Scope of the Law ofEvidence

b. Historical Development of Law of Evidencein Nepal

2. Classification of Evidencea. Original and Hearsay Evidence

(Precedents)- Direct and Circumstantial Evidence

(Precedents)- Primary and Secondary Evidence

(Precedents)- Oral, Documentary and Real Evidence

(Precedents)- Exhibits and Their Evidential Value

(Precedents)b. Basic Concept of Forensic Sience

- Physical Evidence- Scientific Evidence- Medical Evidence

- Medical Report- Casefirm Report- Afuspy Report

3. Fact in Issue and Relevant Fact4. Facts which Need not be Proved

a. Formal Admissionb. Judicial Noticec. Presumption

3) Law of Evidence

5. Deposition and Testimonya. Admission and Confessionb. Statement on the Spotc. Dying Declarationd. Special Statements by Person on Particular

Occasionse. Facts Recorded in Public Documentsf. Facts Recorded in Books of Accountg. Facts Published in Books or Articlesh. Statement Given by Witness in Other Casesi. Document Prepared at Time of Investigationj. Certificate, Report and Special Kinds of

Statistics6. Expert Reports and Opinions7. Burden of Proof (With Reference to

Established Theories and Provisions ofEvidence Act of Nepal)

8. Estoppel9. Plea of Alibi10. Procedure Relating to Collecting

Evidences11. Custody of Physical Evidences12. Examination and Cross-Examination of

Witnesses13. Privileges of Witnesses

Recommended Books:1. Adrian Kean, The Modern Law of Evidence, 6th

ed. Oxford University Press, 2006.2. Alan Toyloar, Principles of Evidence, 2nd ed.

Cavendish Publishing Limited, 2000.3. D.W. Elliott, Manual of the Law of Evidence,

11th ed., Universal Law Publishing Co. India, 2001.4. Dr. Yubaraj Sangroula, Criminal Jurisprudence in

Nepal – The Process and Challenges inDevelopment: National Workshop on CriminalJustice System in Nepal 1997, (Article)

5. Eric D. Green, Charles R. Nession, Problems, casesand Materials on Evidence, 2nd ed. Little BrownCompany, 1994.

– u0f]z jfkmn] lj= cWoIf P=j]=s'=d ;d]t g]sfk )%@, lg=g+=^!!#, k[= ((&

– /Tg zfSo lj= k'j]c= kf6g, g]sfk )%!, lg=g+= $(#*, k[= $*(

– x/L ;'Gb/ >]i7 lj= piffb]jL gf}nf/jf, g]sfk= @)^@, lg=g+= &%$&,k[= ^#(

– cf]d k|sfz tkl8of lj= dk;, g]sfk )^$, lg=g+= &*!(, k[= @&@

– OZj/ k|;fb clwsf/L lj= k|=d= ;d]t, g]sfk )^$, lg=g+= &*^&,k[= (%$

– s'df/ yklnof lj= g]kfn ;/sf/, g]sfk )^$, lg=g+= &**$,k[= !@^*

– s'df/ >]i7 lj= clN6d]6 8]l:6g]zg k|f=ln=, g]sfk )%(, lg=g+=&)&#, k[= !^^

– lul/hf k|= sf]O/fnf lj= cb'ccf, g]sfk )^!, lg=g+= &$)&, k[= *$&

– ljZj];L k|= sf]O/fnf lj= k|=d= g]kfn ;/sf/, g]sfk )!^, lg=g+=%^, k[= @&*

– wgnIdL >]i6]gL lj= jd j >]i7 ;d]t g]sfk )!*, lg=g+= !%&,k[= !%)

– /fdlz; ;fx lj= dk;, g]sfk )$!, lg=g+= !**%, k[= ^@

– ljZj/fh zfSo ;d]t lj= /fi6«klt /fdj/0f ofbj, l/=g+= )^^,))%)


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6. Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation. B.R.Sharma Fourth ed. 2003, Universal LawPublishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

7. Haribansh Tripathi,, Existing Modality ofCriminal Trial System in Nepal: The Lacunas,Challenges and Prospective Reforms: NationalWorkshop on Criminal Justice System in Nepal,1997, ILR (Article)

8. M.N. Howard, Peter Crane , Daniel A,Hochberg, Phipson on Evidence, 14th Ed. Sweet& Maxwell, 1990.

9. Murphy Peter, Murphy on Evidence (1995)10. Sarkar on Evidence, 2nd ed. 2007, Dulivedi

Publishing Company11. k|sfz j:tL, k|df0f sfg'g, bf];|f] ;+:s/0f @)$$

12. g/]Gb| k|;fb kf7s, glh/ sf]if

13. g/]Gb| k|;fb kf7s, glh/ sf]if efu – !, k|sfzg – ;]n8{

ObjectivesObjectives of this course are :- To provide basic knowledge about Public Interna-

tional Law to the students,- To provide an understanding to them on Public

International Law, particularly its fundamentalprinciples, rules and norms, and

- To enable them to make critical analysis of PublicInternational Law Jurisprudence.

Contents1. General Introduction

a. Definition, Nature and Importanceb. Basis of International Lawc. Historical Development of International

Lawd. Major Schools in International Lawe. International Law and Municipal Lawf. Public and Private International Lawg. Classical and Modern International Law,

Statutory and Customary International Lawh. Universal and Regional International Law

2. Sources of International Lawa. Meaning of Sourceb. Treatiesc. Customsd. General Principles of Lawe. Judicial Decisions and ICJ Practicesf. Resolutions Adopted by International Or-

ganizationsg. Other Sources of International Law

3. Subjects of International Lawa. International Organizationsb. Other Specific Subject of International Lawc. Position of Individuals in International Law

4. Recognitiona. Meaning of Recognitionb. Recognition of State and Governmentc. Theories on Recognitiond. De facto, De jure and Ad hoc Recognitione. Conditional and Implied Recognition

4) Public International Law


f. Legal Effects of Recognitiong. Withdrawal of Recognition and Non Rec-

ognition5. State Territory and Jurisdiction

a. Meaning of State Territoryb. Principle of Territorial Sovereigntyc. Traditional and Modern Modes of Acquisi-

tion of State Territoryd. State Jurisdiction

- Territorial Jurisdiction- Personal Jurisdiction- Universal Jurisdiction

e. Principles of Criminal Jurisdictionf. Jurisdictional Immunities of States

6. Nationalitya. Meaning and Importanceb. Modes of Acquiring and Losing Nationalityc. Statelessness and Double Nationalityd. Aliens and Their Status and Expulsion of

Aliense. Asylum and Status of Refugees

7. International Cooperation in the Field ofCrime Controla. Cooperation Among States in Crime Controlb. Role of International Organization in Crime

Controlc. Crimes of International Character and

Terrorismd. Extraditione. Conditions of Extraditionf. Other Forms of Judicial Cooperation in the

Field of Crime Controlg. International Criminal Courts and Tribunals

8. State Successiona. Concept of State Succession and Its Foun-

dationb. Merger, Succession, Dissolution of State and

New Statec. Succession to Treatiesd. Succession with Respect to Matters Other

Than Treaties- Political Rights

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)Syllabus of B.A. LL.B.

- Public Debt- Private Contracts- Torts

9. State Responsibilitya. Concept and Nature of State Responsibilityb. Forms of State Responsibilityc. Concepts of the Invasion Affected State and

Reparationd. Treatment of Aliense. Contractual Liabilityf. Expropriation of Foreign Property and

Related Issuesg. Doctrine of Exhaustion of Local Remedies

and Calve Doctrine10. Law of Treaties

a. Meaning, Types and Importance of Interna-tional Treaties

b. Conclusion of Treaties, Mode of Expres-sion of State Consent (Signature, Ratifica-tion, Accession)

c. Various Stages of Conclusion of Treatyd. Reservation to Treatiese. Entry into Force and Implementation of

Treatiesf. Treaty interpretationg. Condition of the Validity of Treatiesh. Termination of Treatiesi. Treaties and Third Statesj. Effects of War on Treatiesk. Treaty Provision Under the Constitution of

Nepal, 2063 and Nepal Treaty Act, 199011. Law of the Sea

a. Concept of the Law of the Sea and ItsCodification

b. Legal Status of Various Maritime ZoneTerritorial Sea, Innocent Passage,Contiguous Zone, EEZ, Continental Shelf,Archipelagic States

c. The High Seas – Jurisdiction and Its LegalStatus

d. International Seabed Authoritye. Landlocked States and Their Rightsf. Nepal's Situation and Its Effort in Interna-

tional Forum12. Diplomatic Law

a. General Characteristics of Modern Diplo-matic and Consular Law

b. Meaning of Diplomacy and DiplomaticMission

c. Classification of Diplomats, Functions ofDiplomatic Missions, Diplomatic Personnel,Legal Status of Diplomatic Mission,Diplomatic Bag etc.

d. Diplomatic Privileges and Immunities

e. Concept of Consular Functionsf. Concept of Special Mission and its

Privileges and Immunitiesg. Immunities and Privileges of UNO and Its

Specialized Agencies13. Settlement of Disputes

a. Meaning and Types of Disputesb. Traditional or Coercive Means of Settlement

of Disputesb. Retorsion, Reprisal, Pacific Blockade,

Intervention in Various Formsa. Peaceful Means of Dispute Settlement-

Negotiations, Inquiry, Good Offices, Me-diation and Conciliation.

b. Settlement of Disputes by the Mechanismof International Organizations.

c. Settlement of Disputes- PCIJ- ICJ, Composition, Powers, Jurisdiction,

Hearing, Procedures, Enforcement ofIts Decisions

- Regional Courts- Non-judicial and Arbitrational

Processes14. Use of Force and War

a. Meaning of War and Concept of 'Just War'b. Legality of War and Use of Force, Self-

defense, National Liberation Movement, Col-lective Defense, Protection of NationalsAbroad

c. Regulation of War, Commencement andEffect of War, Limitation of War

d. Definition of Aggressione. Termination of War and Hostilities

15. International Humanitarian Law (IHL)a. Meaning, Nature, Principles, Scope and

Sources of IHLb. Conventions of 1899 and 1907; Geneva

Conventions (including Four Geneva Con-ventions of 1948 and their Protocols) andother Subsequent Conventions to regulatethe area.

c. Neutrality in War, Status and Types of Neu-trality and Denilitarized Zone.

d. Prisoners of War, War Crimes

Recommended Books1. D.J. Harris, Cases and Materials on International

Law, 4th ed. 1998.2. G.I. Tunkin (ed.) International Law, 1989.3. Wolfgang Firedmann, The Changing Structure

of International Law, 19644. Louis Henkin and et.al.International Law 3rd ed.

(1986)5. The International Law Association, Report of

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ObjectivesObjectives of the course are :- To make the student familiar with the concepts

and principles of constitution and constitutional-ism

- To help them understand the evolution of theconstitutional law,

- To enable them to apply constitutional principlesin the context of Nepal,

- To prepare them to apply concept of rule of lawand supremacy of the constitution in practice,and

- To make them able to compare and analyzedifferent constitutions of the world.

Teaching Method- Comparative

Contents1. Constitution and Constitutionalism

a. Meaning of Constitution and Constitution-alism

b. Importance of Constitution and Constitu-tionalism

c. Constitutionalism - Historical Perspectived. Scope, Nature and Sources of Constitutional

Law2. Evolution and Historical Development of

Constitutiona. Pre Classical Stageb. Classical Stage

5) Constitutional Law and Constitutionalism

c. Modern Staged. Historical Development of Constitutional

Law in Nepal3. Comparative Constitutional Studies

a. Nepalb. U.K.c. U.S.A.d. Indiae. Japanf. Chinag. South Africah. Bangladeshi. Pakistanj. Sri-Lankak. Bhutanl. Maldivesm. Afghanistan

4. Fundamental Rights / Civil Liberties ofthe Citizen in Nepal’s Constitution:Historical Comparative Discourse

5. Fundamental Rights, Directive Principlesand Policies of the State

a. Meaning and importance of FundamentalRights

b. Nature of Fundamental Rights andremedy on their violation

c. Guarantee and protection of fundamentalrights in South Asian Constitutions

d. Critical observation of the situation ofprotection of fundamental rights in SouthAsian countries

the sixty-fourth Conference (1990)6. Ian Brownlie, Basic Documents on International

Law.7. dfwj kf}8]n, cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g

8. 8f= uf]kfn zdf{, ;+lIfKt cGt/f{li6«o sfg'g

9. Malcolm N. Shaw, INTERNATIONAL LAW,6th ed, cambridge university press, 2008

10. Martin Dixon and et.al. CASES AND MATE-RIALS ON INTERNATIONAL LAW, lawmanprivate ltd. India (1995)

11. H. Lauterpachit, OPPENHIM'S INTERNA-TIONAL LAW, vol 1, 8th ed.

12. D.W. Greig, INTERNATIONAL LAW,Butterworths, England (1980)

13. J.G. stark, INTRODUCTION TO INTERNA-TIONAL LAW, 10th ed. Aditya books, India (1994)

14. Ian Brownlie, PRINCIPLE OF PUBLICINTERNATIONAL LAW, 3rd ed. oxforduniversity press (1980)

15. Peter Alanczuk, AKPHURIST'S MODERNINTRODUCTION INTERNATIONAL LAW,7th ed. London (1997)

16. R.C. Hingrani, Modern International Law, Cam-bridge University Press, First Published 2002

17. Dr. Ravi Sharma Aryal, Interpretation of Trea-ties, Law & Practice, Deep & Deep PublicationsPvt. Ltd., 2003

18. Antonio Cassese, International Law, 2nd ed,Oxford University Press, 2005.

19. Selected Articles of Year Book of InternationalLaw, From various countries

20. Nepal Law Review, Nepal Law Campus.

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e. Landmark judgments of judiciaries ofSouth Asian Counties on fundamentalrigfhts (Role of Judiciary to defend FR)

f. Significance of Directive Principles ofState

b. Interrelation between Directive Principlesof State and Fundamental Rights

c. Justiciability of Directive Principles andthe South Asian perspectives

6. Doctrine of Separation of Powers in SouthAsian Constitutions

7. The Executivea. Constitutional Position of Head of the

Statesb. Formation of the Government with focus

on Nepalc. Responsibility and Accountability of the

Governmentd. Role and Function of Prime Minister and

Council of Minister in Nepal8. The Legislature

a. Composition of the Parliamentb. Functions of the Parliament with focusc. Privileges of the Parliament in Nepald. Role of Oppositions in Nepale. Legislative and Financial Procedure in the

Parliament in Nepalf. Types and Role of the Committees in the

Parliament in Nepal9. The Judiciary

a. Basic Concept of Independence ofJudiciary

b. Structure of Judiciary with Reference toPower and Functions in Nepal

c. Contempt of Courtsd. Judicial Council and Judicial Service

Commission in Nepale. Supreme Court as Court of Record in

Nepalf. Role of Judiciary to protect and promote

human rights in South Asia810. Constitutional Bodies

a. National Human Rights Commission(NHRC)

b. Commission for the Investigation ofAbuse of Authorities (CIAA)

11. Constitution Making Processa. Interim Constitution of 2007 and

Comprehensive Peace Accordb. Constitution Making in Nepal, with

special focus on Constituent Assembly of2008

c. Roles of Political Parties in makingConstitution

d. Reflections on accountability of politicalparties during constitution making

12. Miscellaneousa. Emergency Provisionsb. Political Partiesc. Citizenshipb. Contemporary Issues of Constitutional

Law

Recommended Books1. The Constitutions of Nepal (All)

2. Wade and Phillips, Constitutional Law

3. D.D. Basu, Constitutional Law of India, 1973,Published by S.C. Sarkar & Sons Pvt. Ltd.

5. Iver Jennings, The Law and the Constition, 5thed, 1973, Pub. by ELBS, London

6. Judicial Administration Act, 1992

7. S.P.Dhungel and et.al., Commentary on theNepalese Constitution, Kathmandu, 1998, Pub.by DELF lawyers Inc., Kathmandu

8. Bharatraj Upereti and et.al.,(eds.), ConstitutionalLaw of Nepal, Kathmandu (in Nepali

9. Durga Das Basu, Comparative Federalism, 1987,Publication by Prentice – Hall of India Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi

10. A.V. Dicey, An Introduction to the Law of theconstitution, 10th Edition, Publication byUniversal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., Delhi.

11. M.P. Singh, V.N. Shukla Constitution of India10th Ed., Pub. by Eastern B.Co. Lucknow

12. Kamal Raj Thapa (ed), Governance, Constitu-tion and Contemporary Issues, 2066, Pub. byLRAF Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu

13. Dr. Bhimarjun Acharya, Fundamental Rights inthe World Constitutions (2008), Pairavi BookHouse, Putalisadak, Kathmandu

14. Dr. Bhimarjun Acharya, Mavlik Adhikar KaYayamharu (Dynamics of Fundamental Rights),2009, National Peace Campaign, Kathmandu

15. Bhimarjun Acharya, Making ConstitutionThrough Constituent Assembly, 2006, PairaviPrakashan, Putalisadak, Kathmandu

16. Bhimarjun Acharya, Sambhidansabhaka PrakriyaRa Anubhavharu (Constituent Assembly: Processand Experiences), 2007, 3rd ed, PairaviPrakashan, Putalisadak, Kathmandu(Footnotes)


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ObjectivesObjectives of this course are:- To introduce students the fundamental methods

of legal research,- To help them in developing habit of using

research methods in professional pursuit, and- To help them develop professionalism based on

empirical research habit.

Contents1. Introduction to Research and research

methodology2. Research as a tool of obtaining scientific

knowledge3. Common sense vs. scientific knowledge4. Epistemology5. Importance and Scope of Research in Law6. Types of Research7. Tools and Methodologies of Research8. Type of Data9. Data Collection and Tabulation10. Research Report and Report Writing11. Case Law Research

a. Background of Development and BehavioralApproach- Types of Authority: Primary and

Secondary Authority.- The Foundation.- The Court System and Hierarchy of

Courtsb. Case Law Organization:

- The Official and Unofficial Versions- The Organization of Reported Cases- Subject Access

c. Case Law Location Method:- Table of Cases Method- Defendant-Plaintiff Table- Word and Phrases Volumes- Descriptive Word Method- Topic Method- Location Method in Nepal Kanoon

Patrika- Location in All India Reporters

6) Legal Research

- Location Method in American LawReporter

12. Legislative Researcha. Constitution

- Constitutional Law Location Methods- Topic Method- Descriptive Word Method- Finding and Updating Constitutional

Provisions- Finding and Updating Interpretive Cases

b. Research on Statutes- Organization of Statutes- Official Sources ( Rajpatra and Ain

Sangraha in Nepal)- Unofficial Sources- Law Location Methods- Popular Name Method- Table Method- Topic Method- Descriptive Word Method- Finding and Updating Statutes in Nepal

13. Secondary Source Researcha. Secondary Source Organization.b. Hierarchy of Secondary Authorityc. Opinions of Persons Heading Institutionsd. Law in Journals Articlese. Research Reportsf. Treatiesg. Legal Encyclopediash. Legal Dictionaries

14. Rules of Citation15. Process of Research Project Development16. Computer Assisted Legal Research

Recommended Books:1. CR Kothari, Research Methodology Methods &

Techniques, 1990, Wishwa Prakashan, NewDelhi

2. Fred N. Kerhinger, Foundations of BehavioralResearch, 2002, Surjeet Publication, Delhi

3. HK Wolff and P.R. Pant, Social ScienceResearch and Thesis Writing, 2005, BuddhaAcademic Enterprises, Kathmandu

ObjectivesObjectives of this course are:

- To introduce students with fundamentalconcepts and principles of legal professionalethics,

- To help them develop ethical professionalism,- To prepare them take up legal profession in a

professional manner, and- To strengthen the ethical standard of legal

profession in Nepal.

7) Professional EthicsContents1. Regulation of Lawyers: Problem of Law and

Ethics2. Regulation of Lawyers: Statutes and

Standards, including UN Standards3. Introduction to the Basic Principles of

Professional Responsibility of Lawyersa. Identity and Rolesb. Lawyers as Professionals: Some Moral Issuesc. The Ideology of Advocacy, Procedural

Justice and Professional Ethics


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) 8) ldl;n tof/L b]jfgL ( CLINICAL LEGAL EDUCATION EFFECTIVE LEGAL WRITING CIVIL CASE )

Objectives- To familiarize students about basic ideas of legal

writing,- To help them build skills of effective

communication through writing, which consistsof systematic farming of issues and properlanguage, and

- To build practical experience of students throughexercise of simulation.

Contents1. Grammar and Meaning

a. Some Definitions of Grammatical Termsb. Punctuation

· When to Use a Comma· When to Use a Semi-Colon· When to Use a Colon· When Use a Dash

d. Responsibility, Authority and Choice4. Understanding of Ethics

a. Client-Lawyer Relationship (Competenceand Confidentiality)

b. Client-Lawyer Relationship (Agency,Fiduciary, Loyalty, Diligence, Information,Advice, Autonomy, Termination of Service)

c. Interference with Relationship/ ImproperAcquisition of Confidentiality

d. Financing Legal Servicese. Lawyer Client Conflictsf. Advocacy Ethics (Confidentiality and Truth)g. Advocacy Ethics (Falsity, Literal Truth,

Frivolity, Abuse)h. Negotiationi. Quality Control (Controls and Limits on

Practice)j. Quality Control (Malpractice and Liability)k. Quality Control ( Lay Involvement/ Ancillary

Business)5. Professional Responsibility & Ethics in

Public Practice6. Professional Responsibility in Corporate

Practice7. Tax Lawyering and Professional

Responsibility8. Judicial Conduct of Lawyers: Lawyers

Responsibility as an Officer of the Court.9. Gender and Juvenile justice and Legal

Professional Responsibility.10. Exploring Patterns of Thinking:

a. Reason and Experienceb. The Profession of the Law.c. Polarities and Paradox

11. State of professional ethics in South Asia12. Importance of Clinical Legal Education

in promoting professional responsibilitiesof lawyers in South Asia

Recommended Books:Legal Research Part

1. Bonita. Roberts & Linda L. Schlueter: LegalResearch Guide: Patterns and Practice.Contemporary Legal Education Series. TheMichie Company, Law Publishers. Virgina, 1990

2. Robert C. Berring, Finding the Law. 11th Ed.West Group, 1999.

3. Alan L. Dworsky, The Little Book on LegalWriting. 1992.

4. Marjorie D. Rombauer, Legal Problem SolvingAnalysis, Research and Writing, West Publication,USA., 1983

Professional Ethics part1. Gillers, Regulation of Lawyers: Problems of

Law and Ethics; 5th Ed. Aspen 1998.2. John S. Dzienkowski, Professional Representation

Standard, Rules and Statements, West PublishingCom., (1995-96)

3. Crystal, Introduction to ProfessionalResponsibility, Aspen 1998.

4. Freedman, Understanding Ethics, MathewBender 1990.

5. D.S.R. Maynerhi, Legal Research Methodology.1997 Pioneer.Books

6. Legal , (Legal Research, (Collection of Articles)1985, Indian Law Institute.

7. Wolfram, Modern Legal Ethics, West, 1986.8. Elizabeth Dvorkin, Jack Himmelstein & Howard

Lesnick, Becoming a Lawyer: A HumanisticPerspective on Legal Education andProfessionalism. 1981, West Publishing Company.

9. Constitution of the International BarAssociation.

10. Constitution of the Law Asia.11. Constitution of SAARC Law.12. Nepal Bar Council Act and Regulations, 205113. V.K.V. Krishna Swami Aiyer, Professional

Conducts and Advocacy.14. Hahn & Elizabeth A. Stanko, Judge, Lawyer,

Victim and Thief, Northeastern Nicole UniversityPress (DATE)

15. H.R. Bhardwaj, Law, Lawyers and Judges,Konark Publishers (DATE)


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· When to Use a Possessive Apostrophe· When to Use a Hyphen· When and Where to Use Question Marks· How to Recognize and Punctuate

Relative Clauses2. Formation of Sentence3. Formation of Paragraph

a. Paragraph Development According to Topicsb. Definitionc. Classificationd. Processe. Illustrationf. Cause and Effectg. Comparison and Contrasth. Inductioni. Deduction

4. Formation of Block of Paragraphsa. Facts Group (Definition, Analysis and

Conclusion)b. Law Groups (Definition, Analysis and

Conclusion)c. Analysis Groups (Definition, Description and

Conclusion)5. Legal Writing Styles

a. Writing It Clearlyb. Use Periodic Sentences Cautiously, Vary Your

Sentence Structurec. Use Connectors Carefullyd. Language as Connectorse. Commas as Connectorsf. Replace Vague Connecting Words With

Specific Wordsg. Say it affirmativelyh. Use Expletives Sparinglyi. Put Modifiers where they Belongj. Avoid Archaic Languagek. Don’t Make Impossible Comparisonsl. Make General Assertions Firstm. Put Your Ideas into Appropriate Order

n. Prefer Chronological Developmento. Use Logical Development

6. Writing Reasoninga. Placing Facts into Fact Categoriesb. Using Fact Categories in Legal Analysisc. Writing a Case Analysisd. Analoginge. Synthesizing

7. Drafting of Commercial and CorporateDocuments

8. Drafting of Litigation Documents andPractical Exercisesa. Civil and Criminal Cases will be Given Each

Year Differentlyb. Students will have to Complete One Case in

Each of Civil and Criminal Casec. Facilitation of Drafting will be Associated

with Clinical Workd. Student will present their Case in Simulation

Courtpresided over by a Panele. Students must work under guidance of

lawyers in assigned law firms

Recommended Books1. Gaynendra Bahadur Shrestha, Procedural

Law, Pairavi Prakashan (Nepali)2. Gretrude Block, Effective Legal Writing,

1992,Foundation Press.3. Judicial Administration Act4. Muluki Ain, Adalati Bandobasta Ko Mahal5. Nepal Kanoon Patrikas, Supreme Court of

Nepal6. Rebati Raman Khanal, Mashuda Bidhi, Saja

Prakashan (Nepali)7. Summary Procedure Act, 20288. Supreme (2049), Appellate (2048) and

District Court (2052) Regulations9. lgod ;+u|x Ps kl/ro -d"n bkmf;lxt_ 1fOGb|axfb'/

>]i7, k}/jL k|sfzg, sf7df8f}+ -@)%^_

9) Clinical Work: Advocacy Service to Community (Outreach Programme)

ObjectivesThis practical course is expected to:- Expose students to the ground reality of awareness

about law among the people;- Prepare students work for building legal awareness

of people;- Help build civic sense among the people.

Contents1. Concept of Social Engineering2. Responsibility of lawyers towards community:

Workshops followed by research work on impact

of, and impression on, legal profession inempowerment of people

3. Social Justice mission and participation oflawyers

4. Democracy and contribution of lawyers in itsstrengthening: Workshops followed by outreachprogram.a. Students will place themselves in a

community for works and conduct legalawareness program for a period of one monthunder supervision of faculties


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ObjectivesThe principal objectives of the program are: To expose students to the actual problems of

marginalized and vulnerable groups To help students in practically expedienceing the

significance of law as a social engineering bymaking them apply laws in resolution ofproblems; and

To increase the social responsiveness of lawstudents as prospective lawyers and promoteethics to defend social justice

Contents1. In the very outset of the academic year,

students shall be required to place themselvesin remote rural areas for a period of twomonths.

2. The students must engage in conducting legalliteracy classes for higher and secondary schoolstudents on human rights, constitution,criminal procedure and laws relating toproperty and family

3. The students must conduct an empirical studyon 'role and impact of laws in the life ofpeople'.

4. The students must reveal the 'problems of lawsrelating to distribution of resources, participationin public affairs, gender, social diversity andexclusion and poverty and deprivation.

5. The student should relate their study with the'subject of advanced jurisprudence', and mustinvestigate the relevance of westernjurisprudence with regard to the problems ofrural villages.

1) Clinical Work: Community Outreach and Rural Law Advocacy Service6. Upon return, the students must present a

comprehensive report.Recommended books1. D. Lake Rumsey, Master Advocates' Hand book,

The National Institute for Trial Advocacy Inc.1986.

2. Deborah L. Rhode, David Luban, The FoundationPress Inc. New York 1995.

3. Dr. Yubaraj Sangroula, Jurisprudence, 1st ed.Kathmandu School of Law, 2010.

4. Draft Criminal Procedures Code of Nepal5. H.K. Wolf, P.R. Pant, Social Science Research

and Thesis Writing, 4th ed., Buddha AcademicPublishers, Kathmandu, 2005

6. Interim Constitution of Nepal, 20637. John T. Noonan, JR., Richard W. Painter,

Professional and Personal Responsibilities of theLawyer, The Foundation Press Inc. New York, 1997.

8. Legal Research Guide – Bonita Reburt and Linda.L. Schlueter, Patterms and Prectice ContemporaryLegal Education Searies. The Michie CompanyLaw Publisher, Vergnia, 1990.

9. P.J. Fitzgerald, Salmond on Jurisprudence, 12 :th ed.,Universal Law Publishing Pvt. Ltd., India, 2004.

10. Prof. Nomita Aggarwal, Jurisprudence, 7th ed.Central Law Publication, India, 2008.

11. Ronald D. Rotunda, Professional Responsibility,5th ed., West Group A Thomson Company, 2001.

12. Therse L. Baker, Doing Social Research, 3rd ed.,McGraw-Hill, 1993

13. Thomas A Mauet, Warren D. Wolfson, Materialsin Trial Advocacy, 2nd ed., Little Brown andCompany, 1987.

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B.A. LL.B. Fourth Year

b. Students will help local people to developstrategies to legally empower communitybased organizations such as communityforestry group, irrigation users’ groups etc.

c. Students will prepare critical reports on theirworks for evaluation of their performance

5. Law and development: Role of lawyers topromote development: Workshops followed bypresentations.

Recommended Books:1. Appelate Court Regulation2. Bonita, Rebortb and Linda. L. Schlueter: Legal

Research Guide: Patterns and Practice.Contemporary Legal Education Series. TheMichies Company. Law Publisher, Vergina

3. District Court Regulation4. H.K. Wolf, P.R. Pant, Social Science Research

and Thesis Writing, 4th ed., Buddha AcademicPublishers, Kathmandu, 2005

5. Judical Administration Act, 20476. Law of Evidence, 20317. Muluki Ain, 20208. Paralegal Manual, CeLRRd9. Prof. Nomita Aggarwal, Jurisprudence, 7th ed.

Central Law Publication, India, 2008.10. Research Report conducted by KSL student in

the comments11. State Cases Act, 204912. Supreme Court Regulation


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2) Advanced Jurisprudence

ObjectivesObjective of this course are:- To introduce students the Classical Legal Thoughts

and their Applicability in order to address thecontemporary legal problems,

- To develop critical understanding of modernconcepts of jurisprudence,

- To expose contemporary approaches ofjurisprudence, and

- To prepare students to interpret laws of Nepal inaccordance with the need of the time.

Contents1. Legal Problems of Developing

Countries, With Emphasis on NepaleseSituation

a. Law and Societal Diversity: Representationof Interest Groups (Minorities, Women,Children, Aged, Disabled, Backward Class andCommunity etc) in Law Making Process(Participation in Political Process)

b. Law and Distribution of Resource(Opportunity and Participation in EconomicDevelopment)

c. Cultural Tolerance (Participation in SocialDevelopment)

d. Law in relation to Development vs.Environment Protection.

e. Law and Open Market Economy vs. Subsidyf. Role of law in prevention of Corruption in

Good Governanceg. Rule of Law, Accountability and

Transparencyh. Problem of Enforcement of Law

2. Legal Thoughtsa. Theories on Law and Morality:

Analytical School: Bentham and Austin Pure Theory of Law: Kelsen Primary and Secondary Rules Theory:

H.L.A. Hart Fuller's Law of Morality

b. Theories on Historical Evolution of Law,and Patterns of Evolution Law as a Living Process of Evolution:

Karl Von Savigny (German HistoricalSchool)

Comparative Study on Evolution of LegalSystems: Hennery Maine (BritishHistorical School)

Evolution of Law as a DialecticalProcess: Hegel.

Biological Evolution of Law: HerbertSpancer

c. Theories on Determination of Law bySociological Forces Theory of Conflicting Interest: Ihering Theory of Living Law: Erlich Theory of Social Engineering: Roscoe

Pound Theory of Social Interdependence: Leon

Dugit Theory of Law as a Superstructure of

Economic System: Karl Marxd. Theories of Determination of Law by

Judicial Process: American Realism: Justice Holmes Scandinavian Realism: Hangerstrome Application of Realism in Nepal Realism vs. Judicial Activism

3. Recent Issues and Trends of Jurisprudencea. Development and Law: Theories of

Jurisprudence Law as an instrument of development

and human security: Security Against Displacement by

Development Projects and remedyprovided by law

Public interest, social justice and law Autonomous Local Self-governance Concept of Welfare State and Right to

Well-beingb. Feminism and Jurisprudence:

Gender and Sexual Sensitivity in Law Concept of Gender Equity and

Empowerment of Women Sexual Subordination, Forms of Violence

against Women with Special Referenceto Nepal.

Economic Subordination of Women,with Special Reference to Nepal

Legal Status of Women, with SpecialReference to Nepal

Right Relating to Motherhood andReproductive Health

Role of State in Addressing Inequalities-Policies and Affirmative Actions

c. Ethnic Relations and Law Intersection of Ethnicity Ethnic Groups and Legal Relations Laws on Protection of Ethnic Groups State’s Role in Affirmative Actions in

Nepal. Law, Science and Technology:

- Interaction between Legal Principlesand Procedures and Scientific


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3) Contract LawObjectivesObjectives of this course are:

To familiarize students with generalprinciples of Contract Law, and

To impart a knowledge of comparative andcritical understanding of the Nepalese andforeign Laws on Contract.


a. History of Contract Lawb. Subjective and Objective Theoriesc. Evolution of Contract Law in Nepal

2 Definition of Contract

Research and Development.- Law Regulating Issues like Cloning,

DNA Research, Insemination, PlantGrafting, Organ Transplantation andBiological Weapons

- Judicial Assessment of ExpertScientific Evidence; and Compensationfor Damage caused by ScientificExperiments and New Technologies,like Union Carbide in India, ChernobylNuclear Break Out.

4. Concept of Rights and Correlationsa. Claims, Power, Liberty and Immunity.b. Concrete and Institutional Rightsc. Rights and Interestsd. Principle of Utilitye. Protection of Interest of Individual and

Groupsf. Protection of Rights and Interests Created

by International and Regional Human RightsInstruments

5. Concept of Justicea. Equality and Impartialityb. Access to Fair Justice and Fairness of

Proceduresc. Justice for Offenders and Justice for Victimsd. Distributive vs. Corrective Justicee. Mechanism of Distributive Justice with

Reference to Nepalf. Concept of Judicial Activism and Self-

restraint6. Some Recent Approaches of Jurisprudence

a. Cognitivism vs. Non-cognitivismb. Formalism vs. Pragmatismc. Universalism vs. Cultural Relativismd. Post Modernisme. Alternative Lawyering

7. Introduction of Modern InstitutionalApproaches to Justicea. Alternative Dispute Resolutionb. Conflict Resolution Through Negotiation,

Mediation and Arbitrationc. Justice Through Commissions, i.e. Human

Rights Commission, UN Treaty Bodies andInternational Tribunals

Recommended Books1. Bhimarjun Acharya, A Misconception on Nepalese

Legal System and Jurisprudence, 2001, Nepal LawReview, Vol. 14, Nepal Law Campus.

2. Bhimarjun Acharya, Indigeniging the NepaleseLegal System: Cases for Debate, 2001, Essans onConstitutional Law, Vol 34-35, Kathmandu

3. Bhimarjun Acharya, System of AlternativeDispute Resolution, Nayadoot, Vol. 147, NepalBar Association.

4. CeLRRd, Baseline Survey on Juvenile JusticeSystem of Nepal, 2010.

5. CeLRRd, Counter Corruption Legal Framework,(Research Document), (2000)

6. David Boucher and Paul Kelly (eds.), SocialJustice From Home to Walzer, Rooutledge,London (1998).

7. Dr. S.R. Myneni, Jurisprudence (Legal Theory)2nd ed, reprint 2007.

8. Dr. Yubaraj Sagroula, Jurisprudence: The Philosophyof Law, 2010; Kathmandu School of Law

9. George C. Christie, Jurisprudence, WestPublishing, (1972)

10. Julius Stone, Social Dimension of Law and Justice,Universal Publication, (1999)

11. Julius Stone, The Province and Function of Law,Universal Publication, (1999)

12. Lon L. Fuller, The Morality of Law13. Oliver Mendelsohn and Upendra Baxi (eds.), The

Rights of Subordinated Peoples, Oxford, Delhi,(1996)

14. Prof. Nomita Aggarwal, Jurisprudence (LegalTheory), Central Law Publications, Allahabad,2008

15. R.W.M. Dias, Jurisprudence, 5th ed, Aditya BooksPvt. Ltd. New Delhi

16. Ranjit Bhakta Pradhanang and Kishor Silwal,Bidhisastra, Ratnapustak Bhandar

17. The Constitution of Nepal, 206318. Tom Campbell, Justice, Humanities Press

International Inc.,(1988)19. W. Friedmann, Legal Theory, (1999)20. Yubaraj Sangroula – Condemned to Exploitation,

Trafficking of Girls and Women, KSL, 200121. o"j/fh ;+u|f}nf, sfg'gzf:q tyf sfg"gsf l;4fGt, sf7df8f}+ :s'n

ckm n, @))( -O=;+=_


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a. Meaning of Contractb. Essentials of a Valid Contractc. Difference between Contract and Agreementd. Difference between Contract Law & Other

Sources of Law3 Offer and Acceptance

a. Meaning of Offer and Acceptanceb. Essential Elements of Offer and Acceptancec. Rules Regarding Offer and Acceptanced. Counter Offere. Communication of Offer and Acceptancef. Termination of Offer and Acceptance

4 Considerationa. Meaning of Considerationb. Necessity of Considerationc. Types of Considerationd. Adequacy of Consideration

5 Concept of Privity of Contract andConsideration

6. Privity of contract under the law of agency7. Capacity to Contract

a. General Ruleb. Exceptions

Minor Unsound Mind Disqualified Persons

8. Free Consenta. Needs of Free Consentb. Factors Vitiating Free Consent and Effect

Coercion Undue Influence Misrepresentation Fraud Mistake

9. Void and Voidable Contracts10. Legality of Objects and Consideration11. Performance of Contract (Modes,

Methods, Place and Time)12. Termination of Contract

a. By Performanceb. By Operation of Lawc. By Breachd. By Agreemente. By Impossibility of Performance/Doctrine

of Frustration13. Remedies for Breach of Contract

a. Damagesb. Restitutionc. Injunctiond. Specific Performancee. Quantum Meritf. Arbitration

g. Doctrine of Unjust Enrichment14. Quasi-Contract

a. Meaning of Doctrine of Ouantum Merit.b. Nepalese Contract Act's Provision of Quasi

Contract15. Standard Form of Contract (Judicial and

Legislative Initiatives)16. Contingent Contract

a. Rules Regarding Contringent Contract.b. Difference between wagering Agreement and

Contigent Contractc. Provision of Nepalese Contract Act on

Contigent Contract17. Agency

a. Meaning and Featuresb. Creation of Agencyc. Authority of Agents

Actual and Apparent Express Implied Emergency

d. Termination and Revocation of Agencye. Sub-Agents and Substituted Agentsf. Duties of the Agent to the Principal,

Principal's Duty to the Agentg. Effects of Agency on Contracts with Third

Personh. Criminal Liability of Principal for the Acts

of Agenti. Registration of Agency in Nepal

18. Bailment and Pledgea. Bailment

Meaning and Features Right and Duties of Bailor Right and Duties of Bailee Right and Duties of Finder of Lost

Goodsb. Pledge

Meaning and Features Distinction Between Bailment and

Pledge Right and Duties of Pawner and Pawnee Pledge by Non Owner

19. Indemnity and Guaranteea. Indemnity

Meaning and Nature Right and Duties of Indemnfier and

Indemnity-Holderb. Guarantee

Meaning and Nature Types Rights, Duties and Liabilities of Surety


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4) Company Law


To provide students with understanding ofthe basic concept, principles, features andfunctions of Company.

To familiarize them with the legal provisionsmentioned in the Company Law of Nepal.


a. Concept and Meaning2. Features of Company

a. Legal Personalityb. Perpetual Successionc. Limited Liabilityd. Exception of legal personality (Lifting the

corporate veil)e. Distinction between proprietorship,

partnership and company3. Types of Company

a. Public Limited Companyb. Private Limited Companyc. Government Companyd. Foreign Companiese. Holding and Subsidiary Company

f. Profit not distributing Company4. History of Company

a. Development of Company Law in Englandb. Development of Company in Nepal

Primary Stage (Company Act 1994 B.S.) Medieval Stage (Company Act

2007 B. S.) Modern Stage (Company Act 2021, 2053

& 2063 B.S.)5. Incorporation of Company

a. Memorandum of Association Elements of Memorandum

6. Articles of Association Elements of Articles

c. Amendment of Memorandum and Articlesd. Unanimous Agreemente. Certificate of Registration/ Incorporationf. Pre-Incorporation of Agreement

7. Capitala. Shares

Types Allotments Transfer Buy-back of Shares

b. Debenturesc. Dividends

Discharge of Suretyc. Difference Between Indemnity and

Guarantee20. Sale of Goods

a. Meaning and Natureb. Types of Goodsc. Contract of Sale of Goods : Sale and

Agreement to Sale; Conditions andWarranties

d. Transfer of Property and Transfer of Titlee. Rights and Duties of Seller and Buyerf. Rights of the Unpaid Seller

21. Partnershipa. Meaning and Nature of Partnershipb. Relations of Partnership to One Anotherc. Relations of Partners to Third Partiesd. Incoming and Outgoing Partnere. Dissolution of a Firmf. Registration of Firm.

22. Law of Carriagea. Meaning and Natureb. Types of Carriersc. Rights, Duties and Liabilities of Carriesd. Charter Partye. Contract of Affreightmentf. Bill of lading

g. Carriage by Airh. Air Carries Liability

23. Arbitrationa. Meaning and essentials of valid arbitrationb. Who can refer dispute to arbitrationc. Awardd. The Provision relating to Nepal Arbitration

ActRecommended Books1. Anson's Law of Contract, 28th ed., 20022. Ashish Adhikari and Sudeep Gautam, Business

Law in Nepal, 1st ed. Dhaulagari Books andStationary, 2006

3. Avtar Singh, Law of Contract and specific Realief,Dastern Book Company Lacknow, 8th edition,Reprinted, 2004

4. Pollock and Mulla on Indian Contract Law (Vol 1and 2) 12th edition, 2001

5. Satya Narayan Kalika, Business Law, 1st edition,2004

Acts1. Arbitration Act, 2055 BS2. Contract Act, 2056 BS3. Nepal Agency Act, 2014 BS4. Partnership Act, 2020 BS


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d. Prospectus8. Organs of the Company

a. Board of Directors Meetings Powers Functions Duties/ Obligations

- Fiduciary- Statutory- Duty of Care and Skill

Liabilities Limitations Immunities

b. General Meeting- Meetings- Types- Power and Importance of General

Meeting- Notice of General Meeting- Validity of General Meeting- Special and General Resolution- Proxies- Liabilities of Directors Relating to

General Meeting- Companies Liabilities Relating to

General Meeting- Shareholders Rights Relating to

General Meetingc. Relation between Shareholders, Directors

and the Company9. Amalgamation

a. Mergerb. Take Over

10. Corporate Governance and CorporateSocial Responsibilitiesa. Theories and Practicesb. Developmentc. Nepalese Legal Provision

12. Insolvencya. Conceptb. Nepalese Legal Provision

13. Regulatory Bodies over the Companiesa. Company Registrar Officeb. Company Boardc. Inland Revenue Officed. Court

12. Insider Dealing13. Oppression and Mismanagement14. Concept of Multinational Companies and

Operational Provision15. Criminal Liabilities

a. Companyb. Directors

16. Winding upa. Modes of Winding Up

Voluntary Compulsory Order of the Court

b. Liquidators Appointment Powers Functions Duties Liabilities

17. Controlsa. Control of Shareholders over the Managementb. Control of Government over the Managementc. Control by Registrar over the Management.d. Control by Company Law Board over the

Management18. Accounts and Audit

a. Accounts- Preparation of Annual Accounts- Preparation of Profit and Loss

Accounts- Preparation of Balance Sheets- Rights of Shareholders and Liabilities

of Company Relating to Accounts- Liabilities Relating to Accounts and

Audit- Accounts of Holding and Foreign

Companiesb. Audit

Types- Statutory- Internal- Cost- Social- Special

c. Auditor- Appointment- Powers and Duties- Legal Position- Qualification- Liabilities and Prosecution

Recommended Books1. Avatar Singh: Company Law, 15th edition,2007,

Eastern Book Company, India2. Bharat Raj Upreti, Company Law (Nepali

Version),2nd edition, 2064 B.S., Kanun Anusandhantatha Bikas Forum(FREEDEAL)

3. Black’s Law Dictionary, 7th Edition (1999)4. Davies Paul L., Gower and Davies’ Principles

of Modern Company Law, 7th Ed., Sweet andMaxwell, London (2003)

5. Morse Geoffrey, Charlesworth and Morse:Company Law, 15th Ed., Sweet andMaxwell(1996)

6. Nepal Kanoon Patrika , Supreme Court of Nepal7. Shanker Kumar Shrestha, Dictionary of Law

and Justice, 2004 edition, Pairavi Prakashan8. The Companies Act 2063 B.S., Nepal9. The Insolvency Act 2063 B.S., Nepal10. The Securities Act, 2063 B.S., Nepal


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ObjectivesObjectives of this course are:- To expose students to basic concepts and

principles of Administrative Law,- To help them understand the role of

Administrative Law in promotion of rule of lawand good governance, and

- To let them know about processes and proceduresof Quasi Judicial Bodies.


a. Meaning of Administrative Lawb. Nature, Scope and Sources of Administrative

Lawc. Importance of Administrative Law

2. Development of Administrative Lawa. Development of Administrative Lawb. Rule of Law/ Droit Administrativec. Separation of Power and Check and Balance

3. Classification of Administrative Power/Actiona. Need of Classificationb. Legislative Powerc. Administrative Powerd. Judicial Power/Quasi Judicial Power

4. Delegated Legislationa. Definition, Scope and Forms of Delegated

Legislationb. Reasons for the Growth of Delegated

Legislationc. Limitation on Delegated Legislationd. Sub Delegation

5. Control of Delegated Legislation.a. Reasons for Controlb. Constitutional and Parliamentary Control

Judicial Control Other Control Mechanisms

6. Administrative Discretion7. Administrative Adjudication

a. Reasons for Growthb. Structure and Procedure of Quasi Judicial

Bodiesc. Control Over Administrative Adjudication

8. Quasi Judicial bodiesa. Administrative Courtb. Revenue Tribunalc. District Administrative Officed. Local Authorities

5) Company Law5) Administrative Law

e. Others ( Forest, Land, Police etc)9. Principles of Natural Justice

a. Doctrine of Bias/Fair Hearingb. Audi Alterm Partemc. Reasoned Decisiond. Due Process

10. Ombudsmana. Introductionb. Nature, Scope and Functionsc. Complaints Handlingd. Investigation and Decisione. Prevention of Corruption and Commission

for Investigation of Abuse of Authority.- Functions, Authorities and PowerDelegation

11. Public Undertakingsa. Reasons for Establishmentb. Types and Functionsc. Controls Mechanismsd. Concept of Privatization

12. Supreme Court’s Role in Development ofAdministrative Law in Nepal

Recommended Books1. Civil Service Act and Regulations2. Commission of the Investigation of Abuse of

Authority Act, 20483. D.D.Basu, Comparative Administrative Law, 19th

ed., 2006, Wadhwa & Company4. Income Tax Act and Regulations5. Judicial Administrative Act6. Keshav Pandey, Administrative Law, Second

Edition, 2056, Pub. by Ramesh Silwal.7. Local Administrative Act and Regulations8. Local Self Governance Act and Regulations,

2055/569. M.P. Jain & S.N. Jain, Principles of Administrative

Law, Wadhwa and Company, Naypur, 4th Edition,Reprint, 2003

10. Mangal Krishna Shrestha, Public Administrativein Nepal

11. Panl Jackson & Patricia Leopold Constitutional& Administrative Law 8th ed. 2001, Sweet &Maxwell

12. Research Report on Counter Corruption LegalFramework, CeLRRd/TAF 2000.

13. W.R. Wade & C.F. Forsyth, Administrative Law,9th edition Publication by Oxford UniversityPress, Delhi


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ObjectivesObjectives of the course are : To familiarize students with basic ideas of legal

writing relating to criminal case, To help them build skills of effective

communication through writing, which consistsof systematic farming of issues and properlanguage, and

To build practical experience of students throughexercise of simulation.

Contents1. Grammar and Meaning

a. Some Definitions of Grammatical Termsb. Punctuation

When to Use a Comma When to Use a Semi-Colon When to Use a Colon When Use a Dash When to Use a Possessive Apostrophe When to Use a Hyphen When and Where to Use Question Marks How to Recognize and Punctuate

Relative Clauses2. Formation of Sentence3. Formation of Paragraph

a. Paragraph Development According to Topicsb. Definitionc. Classificationd. Processe. Illustrationf. Cause and Effectg. Comparison and Contrasth. Inductioni. Deduction

4. Formation of Block of Paragraphsa. Facts Group (Definition, Analysis and

Conclusion)b. Law Groups (Definition, Analysis and

Conclusion)c. Analysis Groups (Definition, Description and

Conclusion)5. Legal Writing Styles

a. Writing It Clearlyb. Use Periodic Sentences Cautiously, Vary Your

Sentence Structurec. Use Connectors Carefullyd. Language as Connectorse. Commas as Connectors

6) ldl;n tof/L kmf}hbf/L Clinical Legal Education: Effective Legal Writing (Criminal Cases)

f. Replace Vague Connecting Words WithSpecific Words

g. Say it affirmativelyh. Use Expletives Sparinglyi. Put Modifiers where they Belongj. Avoid Archaic Languagek. Don’t Make Impossible Comparisonsl. Make General Assertions Firstm. Put Your Ideas into Appropriate Ordern. Prefer Chronological Developmento. Use Logical DevelopmentD.. Writing Reasoninga. Placing Facts into Fact Categoriesb. Using Fact Categories in Legal Analysisc. Writing a Case Analysisd. Analoginge. Synthesizing

7. Drafting of Commercial and CorporateDocuments

8. Drafting of Litigation Documents andPractical Exercisesa. Civil and Criminal Cases will be Given Each

Year Differentlyb. Students will have to Complete One Case in

Each of Civil and Criminal Casec. Facilitation of Drafting will be Associated

with Clinical Workd. Student will present their Case in Simulation

Courtpresided over by a Panele. Students must work under guidance of

lawyers in assigned law firms

Recommended Books1. Gaynendra Bahadur Shrestha, Procedural Law,

Pairavi Prakashan (Nepali)2. Gretrude Block, Effective Legal Writing, 1992,

Foundation Press.3. Judicial Administration Act4. Muluki Ain, Adalati Bandobasta Ko Mahal5. Rebati Raman Khanal, Mashuda Bidhi, Saja

Prakashan (Nepali)6. State Cases Act7. Summary Procedure Act8. Supreme, Appellate and District Court

Regulations


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7.1) Forensic Science and Medical Jurisprudence

ObjectivesObjectives of this course are: To acquient students with jurisprudence of

forensic evidence in trial of cases, and To develop skill of utilizing such evidence in the

court of law.


a. History and Development of ForensicMedicine and Medical Jurisprudence

b. Status of Forensic Medicine and Science inNepal

c. Theories of Forensic Science - Contact andExchange Principle, Principle ofIndividuality

d. Scientific Methods and Legal Aspects ofForensic Science

2. Scientific Basis of Criminal Investigationand Personal Identificationa. Importance of Physical Evidence in Criminal

Investigation and Trial (including chain ofthe custody of physical evidence)

b. Personal Identity – Race, Age, Sex,Appearance, Condition

c. Accessories of Personal Identity – Hair,Tattoo Mark, Blood Groups, DNA Profileetc.

d. Essentials of Criminal Investigation – CrimeScene Examination , Physical EvidenceCollection

3. Post-mortem (Autopsy) Examinationa. Introduction of Body Partsb. Objectives and Rules of Post-mortemc. External Examinationd. Internal Examinatione. Cause of Death (Where Death is in

Doubtful)f. Examination of Decomposed Bodiesg. Examination of Mutilated Bodies, Parts and

Fragmentsh. Examination of Bones

4. Cause of Death and Its Importance inCriminal Justice SystemCause, Immediate Effect, General Observation,Symptoms of the following:a. Exhumation,b. Asphyxia (Hanging, Strangulation,

Drowning and Suffocation)c. Starvation

d. Death Due to Cold and Heate. Death Due to Electrocution and Lighteningf. Death Due to Burn Injuriesg. Death Due to Sharp-edged Weaponsh. Death Due to Mechanical Violence

(Ammunition, Gunshot)5. Estimation of Time of Death Alvor-Mortis,

Germination, Effects6. Medico Legal Aspects of Wounds and

Injuriesa. Introduction of Injuries and Wounds and

Their Medico-legal Aspectb. Kinds of Injuries and Woundsc. Determination of Aged. Gravity of Injuries and Cause of Death Due

to Injuriese. Ante-mortem and Post-mortem Injuriesf. Difference Between Suicidal, Homicidal and

Accidental Wounds7. Accident

a. Traffic Accident - Cause and Symptomsb. Aircraft Accident – Cause and Symptoms

8. Virginity, Pregnancy and Deliverya. Sign of Virginity and Pregnancyb. Presumptive and Probable Signsc. Biochemical Tests for Pregnancyd. Deliverye. Sign of Recent and Remote Delivery in Living

and Dead9. Sexual Offence

a. Rape Examination of Victim Examination of Accused Medico Legal Question in Rape Case Sex Related Homicides and Sadism Identification and Individualization of

Vaginal Swab and Semen Stainsb. Unnatural Sexual Offence (Homosexuality,

Lesbianism, Bestiality)c. Abortion

i Classification ii. Spontaneous Abortion iii. Therapeutic Abortion iv. Evidence of Abortion

10. Impotence, Sterility and ArtificialInsemination

11. Insanity and Criminal Liabilitya. Terms Often Used in Evidenceb. Classification of Mental Diseases


7. Criminal Law Group

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ObjectivesObjectives of this course are: To provide theoretical base of crime and

criminality and explore theories of criminalbehavior,

To identify the problems of juvenile and criticallyassess measures to prevent juvenile delinquency,and step taken by the government for the welfareof the juveniles,

To critically assess theories of punishment in thecontext of Nepalese sentencing policy, identify

7.2) Criminology and Penologyproblems relating to prison system and explorealternatives to prison system, and

To evaluate other systems of punishmentincluding fine and reparation by the offender.


a. Definition and Classification of Crime andCriminals

b. Modern Views on Crime and Criminalsc. Study Methods of criminology

c. Functional Insanity or Psychosisd. Depressive Illnesse. Schizophreniaf. Psychosis Associated with Organic Diseasesg. The Development of McMaughten Rule to

Hingels Test12. Toxicology

a. Medico-Legal Aspect of Toxicologyb. Analytical Aspect of Poisons

Principles of Forensic Toxicology Nature of Poison and Symptoms Definition and Classification of Poisons Analytical Requirements and Significance

of Analysis Comparative Standard of Analytical

Technique13. Forensic Identification of Controlled

Drugsa. General Concept of Drugs of Abuse –

Narcotic, Psychotropic, Sedative, Stimulant,Tranquilizer, Hallucinogen etc.

b. Reliability of Analytical Methods (FieldTests, Chemical Tests and InstrumentalMethods) in Identification and Quantification

14. Forensic Application of Physical Evidencea. Glass and Paintsb. Hair and Fiberc. Arson and Explosivesd. Blood and Body Fluidse. Marks and Impressionsf. Fire Armsg. Soil

15. Questioned Documenta. Handwriting and Handprint Identificationb. Forgery and Disguisec. Alteration and Additiond. Ink Comparison and Datinge. Paper Comparison and Dating

16. Paternity Testinga. Introduction and Historyb. Basic Genetics and Population Genetics

c. Collection of Blood for Paternity Testingd. Red Cell Antigens, Isoenzymes, HLA System

and DNA Typing17. Expert Opining and Testimony

Recommended Text Books1. A. Jay Chapman MD, Death of Deduction,

Kathmandu, 20012. Adrian Keane, The Modern of Evidence, 6th ed.

Oxford University Press, 2006.3. Bernard Knight, Lawyer's Guide to forensic

medicine, Law Man (India) Pvt. Ltd., 20014. BR Sharma, Fire arms in Criminal Investigation

& Trials 3rd ed. Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt.Ltd., 2002

5. Criminal Investigation, Swan Son 8th Ed., 20036. Disputed Documents Examination & Finger Print

Identification – 5th ed. The Law Book co. H.R.Hardless's 1997

7. Eric D. Green, Charles R. Nesson, Problems, Casesand Materials on Evidence, 2nd ed. Little Brownand Company, 1994.

8. Ezas Ahmad Medical Evidence 1996, Ashoka LawHouse, India, 1996

9. Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation of Trial4th edition Universal Law Publishing, 2005

10. Modi’s Medical Jurisprudence and Toxicology,22nd Ed. Butterworths, India, 1999

11. Modis' Mecial Jurisprudence of Toxicology 22rd

ed. – Butter worths, 199912. Modis' Mecial Jurisprudence of Toxicology 2nd

ed. Moitra & Kaushal Unic Law Publishers, 200113. R.A. GREGRY, Scientific Identification of

disputed documents finger prints and ballistics,Eastern Book Co., 1984

14. Richard Saferstein, Criminalistc: An Introductionto Forensic Science, 1995

15. Samuel Smith, Atlas of Human Body, MedicalLegal Guide, Medical Jurisprudence 2000.

16. Wilson R. Harrison, Suspect Document, TheirScientific Examination, Universal LawPublishing, 2003


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2. Schools of Criminologya. Pre-classicalb. Classical and Neo-classicalc. Positive

3. Theory of Criminologya. The Concept of Positivism - Lombroso,

Garafalo and Ferrib. Chromosome Theoryc. Mental Testers Theory (Feeble Minded

Theory)d. Psycho-analysis Theorye. Phrenology and Crime

4. Crime and Economya. Economic Approach to Crimeb. Marxist Approach to Crime – The socialist

Theory of Crimec. White Collar Crime (Privilege Class Crime)

5. Sociological Schoola. Social Disorganization Theoryb. Anomie Theoryc. Differential Association Theory (Sutherland)d. Environmental Theorye. Multiple Causation Theoryf. Geographical Theory

6. General Causes of Crimea. Family Conditionb. School Conditionc. Mass Media and Racism and Gender

Differences7. Theories of Punishment8. Traditional Style of Punishment

a. Capital Punishmentb. Corporal Punishmentc. Banishment and Transportationd. Social Disgrace

9. The prison Systema. Advantage and Disadvantage of Prison

Systemb. Histocial Deveolpment of Prison Systemc. Nepalese Prison System - Reformation in

Prison System10. Re-socialization of Offender

a. Token economy therapyb. Psycho Therapyc. Environmental Therapyd. After care Programe. Conviction Spent Order

11. Alternative to Prison Systema. Paroleb. Probationc. Suspended Sentenced. Release for worke. Open prisonf. Community Serviceg. Fine

12. Sentencing Policy of The court13. Crime and Juvenile Delinquency

a. Juvenile Delinquencyb. Differences between Crime and Juvenile

Delinquency

c. Welfare Program in Favor of JuvenileChildren (welfare committee, Institutesdealing with orphan institutes dealing withDisables.)

d. Modern Approach to deal with JuvenileDelinquency – (Reformatory home,Probation, Boarstle Institute, After CareProgram, Juvenile Court, Diverson, BasicProvisions of CRC)

14. Victimologya. Victim’s right to help know the progress of

prosecution,b. Compensationc. Rehabilitation in Societyd. The existing legal provision in favor of

victim.e. Types of Victim- Direct Victim, Indirect

Victim, Socio-Economic Victim, TortureVictim

15. The Current Crime Trend in Nepal

Recommended Books1. Attorney General Office Annual Report2. Baseline Survey on Juvenile Justice System in

Nepal, 2011, CeLRRd3. Daniel J. Curran and Claire M. Renzetti, The

Theories of Crime, USA, 19944. Don C. Gibbons, Society, Crime and Criminal

Careers: An Introduction to Criminology, 3rd ed.Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, NewDelhi, 1973

5. Dr. Shankar Kumar Shrestha, A Steps TowardsVictim Justice System, Nepal, 2001

6. Edited by John Muncie etal., CriminologicalPerspective, lst ed., Sage Publications, 1996

7. George B. Vold and Thomas J. Bernard, TheoreticalCriminology, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 1986

8. Henry W. Mannle and J. David Hirschel,Fundamentals of Criminology, 2nd ed. PrenticeHall, 1988

9. Katherine S. Williams, Textbook on Criminology,4th ed. Oxford University Press, 2002

10. Larry Siegel, Criminology, 7th ed. Wadsworth,USA, 2000

11. Prof. M. P. Acharya, Aparadha Shastra, RatnaPustak Bhandar, Kathmandy, 2057

12. Prof. Madhav Prasad Acharya, Ganesh Bdr.Bhattarai, Criminology, Penology, LumbiniPublication, Kathmandu, 2068

13. Ronald L. Akers, Criminological Theories, 3rd ed.Roxbury Publishing Company, Los Angles ,California, 2000

14. Sue Titus Reid, Crime and Criminology, 8th ed.McGraw- Hill, 1996

15. Sutherland and Cressey, Principles of Criminology,5th ed. 1955

16. Werner J. Einstadter etal, Criminological Theory:An Analysis of its Underlying Assumptions, 2nd

ed. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc. 2006


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8.1) Banking and Insurance Law

ObjectivesObjectives of this course are: To familiarize students with general concepts,

process, principles and theoretical knowledge ofBanking and Insurance systems, and

To provide them with advance knowledge onNepalese banking and insurance laws, rules andregulations.

ContentsPart-A- Banking Law1. Evolution of Banking :

a. Definition of Bankb. Origin of the Concept of Bankingc. Evolution of Banking System in Nepald. Classification of Banks : Functional and

Operationale. Structural or Organizational Classification of

Banksf. Banks in Public Sectorg. Private Sector Bankingh. Co-operative Bankingi. Incorporation of Banks (Procedures)

2. Functions of Bankinga. Primary Function of Banking

Accounts Loan and Advance Guarantees Fund Transformation and Remittance

b. Secondary Functionsc. Credit Cards, Stock Investment, Safe Deposit

Vault, Safe Custody, Pension Payment,Mutual Arrangement Schemes.

3. Opening and Operation of Accountsa. Types of Accountsb. Procedure for Opening of Accountsc. Closer of Accountsd. Appointment of Nominees, and Succession

to Accountse. Methods of Remittance

4. Lending and Investment Function of Bank

a. Investment Policy of Banks : Aims andObjectives, Procedure for Investment,Manual for Investment.

b. Traditional Vs. Modern Bankingc. NRB Control on Lending and Investment

Functionsd. Types of Securitiese. Natures of Securities

5. Negotiable Instrumentsa. Features of Negotiable Instrumentsb. Types of Negotiable Instrumentsc. Endorsement of Negotiable Instrumentsd. Presentation and Acceptancee. Dishonor of Negotiable Instrumentsf. Noting and Protesting

6. Banks and Its Customersa. Individual, Minor, Illiterate, Lunatic, Joint

Account, Executors and Administrators,Proprietorship, Customers Attorney,Partnership, Government Agency, CorporateBody, Non Resident.

7. Banks in Nepala. Commercial Bankb. Agriculture Development Bankc. Development Bankd. Joint Venture Banke. Cooperative Bank

8. Central Banka. Nepal Rastra Bankb. Organization and Main Functions of NRB

9. Financial Institutionsa. Conceptb. Banking Service Provided by Financial

Institutionsc. Situation of Financial Institution in Nepal

10. a. Good Governanceb. Capital Adequacyc. Monetary policy of Nepal Rastra Bankd. Public debte. Loan recovery procedure

17. 8f= z+s/ s'df/ >]i7, kLl8t ljlwzf:q, k}/jL k|sfzg sf7df8f}+k|yd ;+:s/0f, @)^@

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19. sf/fuf/ ;'wf/ ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bg20. afnaflnsf ;DaGwL P]g, @)$*21. sf/fuf/ P]g, @)!(22. sf/fuf/ lgodfjnL, @)@)

8. Business Law Group

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7) Effective Legal Writing and Moot Court

f. Inspection and supervision11. International Monetary FundPart-B- Insurance Law1. Introduction

a. Definition and Nature of Insuranceb. Functions of Insurancec. Principles of Insuranced. Kinds of Insurancee. Types of Insurance Organizationf. Insurance Organization in Nepalg. Role and Importance of Insurance

2. Insurance Contract (Policy)a. Elements of Insurance Contractb. Subject Matter of Insurancec. Classification of Insurance Contractsd. Duty of Discloser and Non-disclosuree. Material Factsf. Effect of Non-Disclosureg. Burden of Proofh. Indisputable Policiesi. Terms and Condition of Policy and Proposal

Formsj. Cover Notek. Delivery of the Policy

3. Life Insurance Policya. Definitionb. Typesc. Formation of Contractd. Willful Misconduct, Suicidee. Amounts Recoverablef. Legal Provisions for Life Insurance Claim

4. Non-Life Insurance Policya. Meaning and Typesb. Major parts of Non-life Insurance: Fire,

Marine, Motor, Contractor’s All Risk andEngineering, Aviation and Miscellaneous

c. Contents of Policiesd. Underwriting: Meaning, Procedure, Payment

of Premium, Mode of Payment, Days ofGrace, Refund of Premium

5. Re-insurance Policya. Definitionb. Why Re-insurance is neededc. Type of Re-insuranced. Claim Procedure for Re- insurance

e. Payment of Re- Insurance Premiumf. Re-Insurance Recovery,Commission,Profit

Commission, Duration. etc.6. Insurance Intermediaries

a. Meaning of Intermediariesb. Provision of Intermediaries on Insurance

Acts and Regulationsc. Procedures for Registering as Intermediaries

(Agents, Surveyor and Brokers)7 a. Procedure for the claim of insured amount

b. Discharge Voucherc. Salvage

8. Disputes of Insurancea. Disputes Between Insured and Insuredb. Disputes Between Insured, Agents and

Surveyorc. Mandates and Powers of Attorneyd. Secrecye. Appropriation of Payment and Set Offf. Concept of Ombudsman

8. Establishment of an Insurance Companyand its Legal Provision

9. Provision for Renewal of InsuranceCompanies

10. Rights Duties and Powers of InsuranceSupervisory Authority

Recommended BooksPart-A-Banking Law

1. “Bank and Financial Institution Act 2063 BS”2. Agricultural Bank Act, 20243. Commercial Bank Act, 20314. Development Bank Act, 20525. Dr. Mukund Mahajan, Fundamentals of

Banking, India6. Finance Company Act, 20427. Nepal Rastra Bank Act

Part-B-Insurance Law1. Insurance Acts and Rules of Nepal2. John T. Steele, Principles and Practice of

Insurance, U.K. London.3. M.N. Mishra, Insurance, Principles and

Practices, India4. R.M. Vats, Laws Relating to Insurance, India5. Rastrya Beema Sansthan Act


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8.2) International Trade Law and ArbitrationObjectivesObjective of the course are: To familiarize students with the international

trade and arbitration rules and process, To impart knowledge to them of the International

trade standards & policy, and To impart knowledge to them on the UNICITRAL

and UNCTAD principles and procedures. To impact knowledge to the major issues of Trade

and Investment. To tamiliarize to the issues of least developed

and land locked Counrtires.

ContentsPart A : International Trade1. Concept of International Trade Law2. Growth and Goals of International Trade

Law3. International Instrumentalities for the

Regulation and Promotion of InternationalTradea. GATT/WTO (AOA, SPS, DSB, GATS, TBT

and other important agreements)b. UNCTADc. UNICITRALd. IMFe. WB/ADBf. EUg. SAFTAh. ASIANi. TIFAj. BRICS

4. Major issuesa. Promotion of Foreign Investmentb. Transfer of Technologyc. Most Favored Nations Treatiesd. Restrictive Business Practicee. Price Stabilization and Fair Pricingf. Multinational Corporationg. Debt and Balance and Paymenth. Development Aidi. International Bill and Paymentsj. Special Safe Guards Measuresk. Subsidies & Contervailing Measuresl. Dumping & Anti-dumping Measures

5. Rights of Landlocked and Least Developedcountriesa. Barcelona Conventionb. New-York Convention

6. International Sale and Goods (Liability ofSaler’s & Buyer’s (Convention &NCOTERM)

7. Bill of Lading and Airways Bill

Part B: Arbitration1. Introduction and meaning of Arbitration2. Importance of Arbitration3. Appointment of Arbitrators4. Powers and Duties of Arbitrators5. Revocation of Arbitrator Authority6. Arbitration Award7. International Commercial Arbitration8. Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards

(NY Convention 1958)9. Provision Related to Nepalese,

Madhyasthata Ain (Nepalese MediationAct ) 2055

Recommended Books1. Annual Report UNCTA, WTO, IMF2. Constitution of NECPA3. DOBSON, Panl, Business Law, Sweet & Maxwel,

19974. Donald A ball et. all, International Business,

McGraw, Hill, Irwin, 20045. Dr Y.P. Pant , Problems and the Development of

Smaller Countries6. Gaza, Giorgia, International Commercial

Arbitration7. Hoyle, S.W., The International Trade8. Jhon H. Willes, International Business law,

Environments & Transactions, McGraw HillIrwin, 2005.

9. Joy Cherian , Investment Contract and Arbitration10. Kumar Ingnam, An Introduction to World Trade

Organization, Kathmandu School of Law, 200911. Lawrence S. Clark et. all, Law & Business the

Regulatory Environment, McGraw Hill, inc, 199412. Leo Diarcy et. all, Schmitthoff ’s Export Trade:

The Law & Practice of International Trade,Sweet & Maxwell, 10th ed, 2000

13. Nepal Arbitration Act14. Poul Dobson, Charlesworth’s Business Law, Sweet

& Maxwell, 16th ed, 199715. R.Devid and T. Popeson, The Law of

International Trade : A New Task For NationalLegislation or a New Mercatoria

16. Russel, Russel on Arbitration17. Schmithoff C. M. (Ed), The Sources of The Law

of International Trade


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ObjectivesObjectives of this course are: To provide basic knowledge on the modern

governance system, and To make students familiarized with local

governance law of Nepal, and various issues ofgood governance, its values and norms.


a. Meaning and Importance of Law on GoodGovernance

b. Concept of Good Governancec. Development of Good Governance Lawd. Basic Tenants of Good Governance

Transparency Accountability Participation Rule of Law Decentralization Fair and Independent Judiciary Civil Society

e. Challenges of Good Governance in Nepal2. Decentralization in Nepal

a. Concept of Decentralization –Decentralization vs Autonomy

b. Historical Perspective of Decentralizationin Nepal

c. Decentralization in Development Sectord. Decentralization in Justice Sectore. Administrative Decentralizationf. Political Decentralizationg. Financial Decentralizationh. Decentralization vs. Centralizationi. Legal Mechanism of Decentralization

3. Participationa. Concept of Participation (Gender Based

Participation and Marginalized PeopleParticipation)

b. Gender Based Participation Participation in Political Sector Participation in Development Sector Policy and Legal Framework of Gender

Participation Judicial Trends

c. Marginalized People Participation Participation in Political Sector Participation in Development Sector

9.1) Law on Good Governance Policy and Legal Framework of

Marginalized People’s Participation Judicial Trends

4. Transparency and Accountabilitya. Concept of Transparency and Accountabilityb. Mechanism of Transparency and

Accountabilityc. Bureaucratic and Political Transparency and

Accountabilityd. Right to Informatione. Concept of Free Press vs. Legislative

Limitationsf. Counter Measure for Accountability and

Transparency5. Rule of Law

a. Component of Rule of Lawb. Rule of Law and Good Governance

6. Fair and Independent Judiciarya. Concept of Fair and Independent Judiciaryb. Components of Independent Judiciaryc. Role of Independent Judiciary in Good

Governance7. Civil Society

a. Concept of Civil Society in Modern Contextb. Role of Civil Society in Governancec. Democratization Process and Civil Society

8. Anti-corruption Majorsa. Counter Corruption Legal Framework in

Nepalb. Judicial Trend to Combat Corruptionc. Impact of Corruption in Enforcement Rule

of Law and Fair Justice

Recommended Books1. Civil Service Laws and Regulations, 2049

& 20502. Commission for Investigation of Abuse of

Authority Act, 2048 B.S.3. Corruption Prevention Act, 20594. Counter Corruption Legal Framework,

Research Report, CeLRRd/TAF,Kathmandu, (2000)

5. Dr. Shastra Dutta Panta, Aspect ofDecentralization in Nepal, Sajha Prakashan,Kathmandu, (1989)

6. Dwarika Nath Dhungel and Achyut B.Rajbhandary, Introducting GoodGovernance in the Public Administrationof Nepal, (English Version), 2004, Pub. byCSDG, Lalitpur

7. Good Governance Act, 2064


9. Constitutional Law Group

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9.2) Electoral LawObjectivesObjective of the course are:

- To impart knowledge to students aboutgeneral principles of the law of electionand the provision of constitution relatingto election and electoral process, and

- To acquaint students with various lawsrelating to electoral process in Nepal.


a. Meaning and Importance of Election Lawb. Nature of Election Lawc. Basic Concept of the Multiparty Election

and Parliament Electiond. Historical Development of Election Law in

Nepale. Election System and Constitutionalism

2. Basic Concept/requirements of ElectionSystema. Adult Frachiseb. Electoral Collegec. Electoral Constitutneiesd. Recalling representativese. Voting Rights

3. Electoral Systema. Basic concept of direct and indirect electionb. Majoirty System

Single Transferable Vote List proportional represention (List PR) Mixed member proportional (MMP) Single non-transferable vote (SNTV) First Past the Post vi. Borda crent (BC)

4. Basic Concept of Election Systema. Adult Franchiseb. Direct and Indirect Electionc. Electoral Colleged. Majority System and Proportional

Representatione. The System of Single Transferable Votef. Electoral Constituenciesg. Recalling of Representatives

h. Voting Rights5. Election to the Legislation

a. Representative Assemblyb. National Assemblyc. Criteria for Determination of Electoral

Constituencies6. Election to the Local Authorities

a. VDCb. Municipalitiesc. DDC

7. Legal Provision as to Co-operation,Nominations, By-election and MidtermElection

8. Election Authoritya. Election Commission (Power, Functions and

Duties)b. Polling Officer (Delegation of Powers and

Functions)9. Role of the Political Parties in Election

and Code of Conduct10. Crime and Punishment

a. Crime and Punishment Relating to Electionb. Election Tribunals (Jurisdiction and Trial)

11. Election Observation and Implication12. Election and Referendum13. Concept of Reservation in Election System

Recommended books1. American Electoal Behevior, Michale M. Gant,

Norman R. Luttbeg, F.E. Peacock Publishers,Inc.

2. Commission for Determining of ElectoralConstituencies Act

3. Comparative Electoral Process in South Asia,Nepal South Asia Center, 1999

4. Corrupt Practices in Election Law, K.C. Sunny,Eastern Book Company, 1996

5. Democracy and election laws, Anand BallabhKataltiya, Beep & Deep Publication, 2003

6. Election (Crime and Punishment) Laws7. Election and Governance in Nepal, Lok Raj Baral

(ed.), Manohar, 20058. Election Code of Conduct9. Election Commission Act and Regulations

8. Impact of Corruption in Criminal JusticeSystem on Women, CeLRRd/TAF,Kathmandu (2000)

9. Kamal Raj Thapa, Good Governance forMinimizing the Social Cost of Nepal: Ajurisprudential Study (the Dissertation/LL.M. Degree), 2006, AD, submitted to TU,Nepal Law Campus), 2006

10. Local-self Governance Laws andRegulations, 2055

11. Nepal Human Development Report:Poverty Reduction and Governance, 2001,Pub. by UNDP, Pulchowk

12. Right to Information Act, 2064 B.S.13. The Interim Constitution 2063


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10. General Election in Nepal 1991, ElectionCommission, Nepa, 1992

11. House of Representative Members Election Act12. Local Self Governance Act and Regulations13. Nation Dialogue on Affairmative Action and the

electoral System in Nepal, Enabling StateProgramme, 2005

14. National Council Member Election Act15. Nepal Observation, Constitutent Assembly

Election, 2008 Comphrensive Report, NationalElection Observation Committee, (NEOC) 2008

10.1) Environment Law

10. ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT LAW GROUP

ObjectivesObjectives of the course are:

- To provide basic knowledge to students onconcepts and importance of environmentaland pollution control laws,

- To familiarize them with national andinternational initiations on the issue ofenvironment protection and pollutioncontrol, and the various mechanisms andtheir activities, and different forms ofremedies, and

- To aware them about the concepts andrelation of environment and sustainabledevelopment.

Contents1. Meaning of Environment

a. Ecologyb. Ecosystemc. Bio-diversity

2. Genesis of Environmenta. Early Concept of Environmentb. Religious and Cultural Mythologyc. National and International Concern

3. Global Environmental Challengesa. Acid Rainb. Global Warming

– The Greenhouse Effect– Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

c. Depletion of Rain Forestd. Hazardous Waste

– Trans-boundary Effect of HazardousWaste

4. Nepal’s Environmental Challenges andPrioritya. Population Stabilization.

b. Land Use Planingc. Woodland and Vegetationd. Pollution Controle. Development of Non-polluting Renewal

Energyf. Waste Recyclingg. Conservation of Bio-diversityh. Environmental Educationi. Updating Environmental Law

5. Environmental Pollutiona. Concept of Environmental Pollutionb. Categories of Environmental Pollution

- Air Pollution– Meaning of Air Pollution– Forms of Air Pollution– Prevention and Control of Air

Pollution– Vehicular Pollution– Remedies Under the Law

- Water Pollution– Meaning of Water Pollution– Form of Water Pollution– Prevention and Control of Water

Pollution– Standard of Water Quality– Remedies Under the Law

- Noise Pollution– Meaning of Noise Pollution– Form of Noise Pollution– Prevention and Control of Noise

Pollution– Standard of Noise Quality– Remedies Under the Law

- Land Pollution– Meaning of Land Pollution

16. Reports of Election Observation Groups17. Representative Democracy and concept of Free

and Fair Election, Raisa Ali, Deepak & DeepPublication, 1996

18. cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#

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20. ;+3Lo ;+/rgfsf nflu lgjf{rg, dfgj ljsf; tyf zflGt cleofg-x'8]k g]kfn_, @)^^

21. lgjf{rg k|0ffnLsf] k|f?kM cGt/f{li6«o cfOl8OPsf] gofF xft] k':tscfO8LOP / OP;kL, @))^


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– Form of Land Pollution– Prevention and Control of Land

Pollution– Remedies Under the Law

- Industrial Pollution– Meaning of Industrial Pollution– Form of Industrial Pollution– Prevention and Control of Industrial

Pollution– Remedies Under the Law

6. Solid and Hazardous Waste ManagementLawsa. Meaning and Concept of Solid and

Hazardous Wasteb. Sources and Types of Solid and Hazardous

Wastec. National Waste Policies and Lawsd. International Waste Lawse. Remedies Under the Law

7. The Constitutional and Statutor yProvision for Environment Protection

8. Common Law Remedies for EnvironmentProtection

9. Public Interest Litigation (PIL) and Roleof Judiciary towards Environment

10. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)and Environmental Audita. Meaning of Environment Impact

Assessmentb. Development of Environment Impact

Assessment Conceptc. Operational Procedure of Environment

Impact Assessmentd. Practice of Environmental Impact

Assessment in Nepale. Environmental Audit

11. Sustainable Development andEnvironmenta. Concept and Importance

- Stockholm Declaration- Brundland Commission- Earth Summit- U.N. Commission on Sustainable

Development- Kytoo Conference and Pact on Global

Warming- Global Environmental Facility

b. Salient Principle of SustainableDevelopment- Inter-generational Equity

- Use and Conservation of NaturalResources

- Environmental Protection- Precautionary Principle- The Polluter Pays Principle

12. Environmental Managementa. Meaning of Environmental Managementb. Methodology of Environmental

Managementc. Environmental Management System in

Nepal13. Major International Declaration and

Conventiona. Stockholm Declaration on the Human

Environmentb. The Rio Declaration on Environment and

Developmentc. Convention on Climate Changed. Vienna Convention for the Protection of

Ozone Layere. Montreal Protection on Substance that

Deplete Ozone Layer

Recommended Books1. Batabaran Kanoonko Ruprekha, Binod Parsad

Sharma, 2062 BS2. Environmental Law and Enforcement in the

Asia-pacific Rim, General Editor TerriMottershead, Sweet & Maxwell Asia, 2002

3. Environmental Protection Law and Regulations,2053/54 BS

4. General Outline of Environment Law, AgniPrasad Thapalia, 2062 BS

5. Global Environmental Change and InternationalLaw, Gurdip Singh, The Indian Society ofInternational Law, New Delhi, 1991

6. Hand Book on Environmental Law, Water Laws,Air Laws, and the Environment, Vol. 2, SanjayUpadhyay & Videh Upadhya, Lexis NexisButterworths, 2002

7. Introduction to Environmental Law, S. ShantlaKumar, Second Edition, 2005, Wadlawa &Company Naypur.

8. Nepal Environmental Policy and Action Plan9. Principles of Environmental Law, Susan Leolf,

Anna White & Neli Stanley, Third edition, 200210. Review of Solid Waste Management related

Policies and Law in Nepal, MUAN, Ktm,Research paper by Himalayan Counsellor andAttorney’s at Law, 2008


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ObjectivesObjectives of this course are :- To provide basic knowledge to students on

harnessing and development of all forms ofsurface and ground water and management ofthese resources,

- To provide basic concept of legal and regulatoryframework on water including delineation ofwater rights and water pricing, and

- To provide basic concept of rights of owner, usersand developers of water resources.

ContentsPart-A- Water Law1. General Introduction to Water Law

a. Notion and Purposeb. Legal, Historical and Methodological

Introductionc. Earliest Water Regulationsd. Importance of Water Law

2. Development and Codification of Water Lawa. Major Water Law System of the Worldb. Sources of Water Law

3. Legal System For Water Allocationa. Theory of Water Rights

- Classical Theory- Territorial Sovereignty Theory- Modern Theory

b. Water Rights and Legal Pluralismc. Hybrid System

4. Ownership and Use of Water Resourcesa. Limitation of Water Rightsb. Due Diligencec. Priority of Water Use

5. Water Related Laws in Nepala. Consumption Related Lawsb. Use Related Lawsc. Industrial Production Related Lawsd. Protection Related Lawse. Discharge Related Lawsf. Forms of Laws (Constitutional and Statutory

Provision, Court Laws, and Agreements)6. Court Initiation in Water Law7. Use of Ground Water and Trans-boundary

Effect

Part – B - River law1. Basic Legal Concept of River

a. Definition and Distinctionb. Interaction and Interdependency of Statesc. Principles and Practices of Navigational and

Non-navigational Use of River

10.2) Water and River Law

2. Historical Development and Codification ofInternational River Lawa. Theories Respecting the Rights of Riparian

Statesb. Principles and Rules Generally Applicablec. Declarations, Conventions and Resolutions

Related to the Use of Rivers3. Rights, Duties and Obligations of Upper

and Lower Riparian States4. Principles of Utilities of International

Rivers5. Nepal- India Pattern of Cooperation in

Water Resources Developmenta. The Koshi Project Agreementsb. The Gandak Irrigation and Power Project

Agreementc. The Exchange of Letters of 1920d. The Mahakali River Treatye. Right to Navigation Over Indian River of

Nepal6. Decisions of International Court and

Arbitration Tribunals

Recommended Books1. Chhatrapati Shingh, Water Rights and Principles

of Water Resources Management, ILI, India.2. Climate Change in the Content of Water, Water

and Energy Commission Secretariat, Nepal, 20113. Consumer Protection Act Regulation, 2053/54 BS4. Convention relating to transboundary water

courses.5. Environment Protection Act & Regulation,

2053/54 BS6. Helsinki Rules on Int. Rivers 19667. ILO 1698. Industrial Enterprises Act, 19929. Interim Constitution 200710. Local Self Governance Act/Rules, 2056, 205511. NAPA, Ministry of Environment12. National Urban Policy, 200713. National Water Plan 2005, Water and Energy

Commissioin Secretariat14. National Water Resource Strategy 2002, Water

and Energy Commission Secretariat15. Nepal Treaty Act, 199016. Rajendera Pradhan and et. al. (eds.), Water, Land

and Law, Changing Rights to Land and WaterLaw in Nepal, FREEDEAL / WAU / EUR

17. Rajendra Pradhan, Water Rights Conflict andPolicy, IIMI

18. Soild Waste Management & ResourceMobilizatoin Act, 1997/98

19. Water Resource Act/Regulation, 1992/93


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)ObjectivesObjectives of this course are: To provide basic knowledge to students on

agricultural and land systems of Nepal, To introduce students with agriculture and land

laws of Nepal, and To familiarize students on utility and implications

of agricultural and land laws of Nepal.

ContentsPart-A- Land Law1. Meaning and Importance of Land Law2. A Brief Historical Sketch of Land Law in

Nepal3. Types of Traditional Land Ownership

System

a. Birtab. Kipatc . Raikard. Ukhadae. Guthif. Jagirg. Khangki

4. Modern Land Lawa. Act Concerning Land , 2021 BS

- Objectives- Features- Ownership and Tenure System- Breakdown of Tenure System- Right and Limitation Over the

Landholdings

2) Agrarian Law

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B.A. LL.B. Fifth YearCompulsory Courses

1) Legal PhilosophyObjectivesThe fundamental objectives of the course are:

To familiarize the students with varyingphilosophical premises that describe relationsof nature and human behaviors;

To generate interests among the students of ‘the study of cognition and empiricalfindings’; and

To help students to find justification of theknowledge.

Contents1. Epistemology2. Metaphysics3. Perception and Theories about Perception4. Logic, arguments and facts5. Theory about truth and falsity6. Branches of Philosophy:

a. Empiricismb. Cognitivismc. Idealismd. Formalisme. Contextualismf. Pragmatismg. Instrumentalismh. Consequentialismi. Constructivism

j. Conventionalismk. Hedonism

7. Fundamental Characters of Western and EasternPhilosophy

8. Six Philosophical system of Hinduism9. Buddhism10. Confucianism11. Islamic Philosophy12. Western Philosophy- Early Greek Philosophy,

Naturalism, Enlightenment era and philosophy,and modern western philosophy.

13. Post Modernism

Recommended Books1. l8NnL/fd uf}td, k'jL{o ;f]r / ;|f]t, sf7df8f}+ :s'n ckm n,

@)^^

2. Bertrand Russel History of Western Philosophy,2010

3. Gerald Michaleson, Sun TZU for Success, AdamsMedia Corporation, 2003

4. Jonathan Barnes, Early Greek Philosophy,Penguin Books 1987

5. Noam Chomskey, Powers and Prospects; VivaBook Pvt. 2007

6. Pandit Rajmani Jigunait, Seven Systems of IndianPhilosophy, Himalayan Institute Press, 1989

7. Roscoe Pound, An Introduction to thePhilosophy of Law, Yale University Press, 1982


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- Weaknesses of the Existing Land Lawb. Laws Relating to Guthi in Nepal (Objectives,

Importance and Legal Provisions)c. Laws on Land Administration

- Land Administration System in Nepal- Land Tax and Its Changing Conceptions- Protection of Public Land - Sarkari,

Aailani and Unoccupied Lands- Nationalization and Management of

Kharka Landd. Land Acquisition Law

- Land Acquisition and Public UtilizationConcept

- Procedures of Land Acquisition in Nepale. Compensation

- Compensation to the Land Holders- Basis of Determining the Compensation- Resettlement and Rehabilitation of

Landless People5. Land Survey and Measurement Law

a. System, including Traditional MeasurementSystem

b. Procedurec. Dispute Settlement Process

6. Dispute Relating to Land and Settlementa. Jagga Pajanib. Jagga Kaicholac . Registrationd. Jagga Abad

Part-B-Agriculture Law1 Concept of Agriculture Law2 Reforms of Agriculture Law in Nepal3 Modern Agriculture Law in Nepal

a. Seed Law (Objectives, Composition ofNational Seed Board, Its Functions Dutiesand Powers, Verification of Seed)

b. Pesticide Law (Objectives and Implications)c. Agro-Bio-diversity Law

- Concept of Agricultural Bio-diversity- Legal Mechanism for Conservation of

Agro-diversity in Nepal

- Recognition for Traditional Knowledgeof Farmers

d. Irrigation Law (Concept, Objectives andImportance)

e. Laws Relating to Livestocks- Grazing Rights vs. Controlling Grazing- Quality Control of Dana Padhartha- Kharka Jagga Nationalization Laws

f. Problem of Agricultural Law- Agro-Production and Impact of

Globalization- Problems Concerning Protection of

Farmers Rights- Problem Concerning Protection of the

Agro-based Industries- Problem Concerning Unorganized Labor- Problems Relating to Agricultural

Associations

Recommended books1. Birta Abolition Act 20162. Conveniton for the Protection of new veritites

of Plant, 20003. Convention on Bio-diversity 19924. Dr. Ananda Mohan Bhattrai, Displacement and

Rehabilitation Program, Policy and Law, India(2001)

5. Dr. Sushil Raj Pandey, Political Economy ofNepal.

6. Ghuti Sansthan Act, 20337. Land Acquisition Act and Regulation, 20348. Land Concerning Act, 2021.9. Land Measurement Act, 201910. M.C. Regmi, Land Ownership in Nepal,

University of California Press, 197611. Malpot Act, 203412. Muluki Ain, 202013. Naitonal Agriculture Policy, 206114. National Seed Policy, 206615. Nepal Environment Policy and Action 199316. Rotterdam Convention, 200417. Seed Act, 199818. Stockholm Convention, 2001

3) Labour Law

bjectivesObjective of this course are: To introduce students a basic knowledge on Labor

Law To give students a basic understanding on

industrial relations

To give students the capacity to understand thecurrent industrial regime and analyze labour relatedlaws in Nepal


a. Labor Law - meaning, nature and scope


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Objectives: To familiarize the international humanitarian

principles and rules of protection of peoples andproperty.

To discourse the development of internationalhumanitarian law and mechanisms

Help students to analyze the scope of nationalimplementation of humanitarian laws, includingcustomary international law and recognisedpractices

To acquaint the international initiatives andmechanisms for the effective process of conflictresolution.

Contents:1. General introduction of Humanitarian

Law2. Development of International

Humanitarian Law (IHL)3. Sources of International Humanitarian

Law4. Fundamental Principles of

International Humanitarian Lawa. Principle of Humanityb. Principle of Necessityc. Principle of Proportionalityd. Principle of Distinction

b. Industrial Relation - meaning and components2. Recruitment Process:

a. Vacancy Announcement - methodb. Probation - meaning, process under prevailing

legal provisionsc. Employment Contract - meaning, nature and

contentsd. Completion of recruitment processe. Specific issues - employment of foreigners,

women, and adolescents3. Working Terms and Conditions:

a. Hours of work - domestic legal provisionsand international standards, overtime

b. Remuneration - meaning, standard setting,protection, additional benefits - bonus

c. Holiday and Leave - concept, eligibility,prevailing legal provisions, internationalstandards

d. Security of Service- Retrenchment,Resignation, Layoff and CompulsoryRetirement - meaning, prevailing legalprovisions

4. Disciplinary Action:a. Concept,b. Objectives,c. Misconduct,d. Kinds of punishment, ande. Action.

5. Welfare and Social Security:a. Labour Welfare - meaning, rationale, welfare

funds and workplace facilitiesb. Social Security - meaning, rationale, and

contents6. Occupational Safety & Health - meaning,

rationale, and contents.7. Industrial Dispute:

a. Industrial Grievances - meaning, types ofgrievances (collective & individual)

b. Collective Bargaining - meaning, procedureunder current legal system, and consequences

c. Industrial Actions - strikes, lockouts,agreements and their enforcement

8. Trade Unionsa. Meaning,b. Objectives,c Establishment,d. Governing Constitution,e. Type and Functions, andf. Nepalese legal system and international

standards.9. Foreign Employments

a. Meaning,b. Main features of Foreign Employment Act,

2064

Recommended Reading Materials1. Domestic Laws:

a. Labour Act 2048b. Trade Union Act 2049c. Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation)

Act 2056d. Foreign Employment Act, 2064

2. International Laws:a. Relevant ILO Conventionsb. Migrant Workers Convention, 1990.

3. Books:a. Kashi Raj Dahal, Industrial Jurisprudence -

Labor Law (In Nepali)b. Sita Maya Singh Thapa, An Introduction to

Labor Law of Nepal (In Nepali)c. Pawan Kumar Ojha, Labor Law


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e. Principle of Non-discrimination5. International and Internal Armed Conflict

a. Definition of International and InternalArmed Conflict

b. Internal Armed Conflict and applicableHumanitarian Laws

c. Difference between insurgency and terrorism6. Four Geneva Conventions and Protocols

a. Objectivesb. Common Provisionsc. General Protection of Sick and Woundedd. General Protection of Prisoners of Ware. General Protection of Civilian Population and

Objectivesf. Special Protection of Alien, Women, Children,

Volunteers, Journalists and other VulnerablePeople

7. National Commitment and Compliance ofIHLa. Ratification of IHL Standardsb. Enactment of National Laws and

Establishment of Mechanismc. Obligation of parties to the conflict

8. Jurisdiction and Scope of the Internationalcriminal Tribunals and Courts

a. International Military Tribunals (Nurembergand Tokyo)

b. Adhoc International Criminal Tribunals(Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda)

c. Rome Statute of International Criminal Court(ICC)

9. Role and Objectives of Organizationsa. ICRCb. National Red Cross Societiesc. Amnesty Internationald. Other Specialized Humanitarian Organizations

and Agencies10. Dispute Settlement Mechanisms in UN

and Humanitarian Laws

References Books1. Adam Roberts and Richard Guelffeds Documents

on the Law of War, (Clarendon Press, 1982)Forum, War and Accountability (ICRC)

2. Children in Armed Conflict in Nepalese PrintMedia, Save the Children and (IHRICON, 2003)

3. Christophe Swinarski, Studies and Essays onInternational Humanitarian Law and Red CrossPrinciples (ICRC, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,1984)

4. Commentary on the Geneva Conventions 1949(I-IV) and Additional Protocols I and II (ICRC)

5. Dorman Knut, Elements of War Crimes underthe Rome Statute of International CriminalCourt: Sources and Commentary by(Cambridge University Press, 2004)

6. Dr. Chuda Bahadur Shrestha, Nepal CopingWith Maoist Insurgency-Conflict Analysis andResolution. Publicahed by ChetanaLokshum,2004..

7. Geneva Conventions 1949 and AdditionalProtocols 1977

8. Hans Haug, Humanity For All: TheInternational Red Cross and Red-CrescentMovement (Henry Dunant Institution, (PaulHaupt Berne Publishers, 1993)

9. Humanitarian Law of Armed Conflict:Challenges Ahead, Essays, Edited by Astrid J.M. et. al, Martinus Publishers, 1991

10. Implementation of IHL: Research Papers,Edited by Frits and Sandoz, Netherland(Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 1989)

11. International Humanitarian Laws andStandards compiled and edited by GeetaPathak Sangroula, (KSL, 2010)

12. Literatures on Humanitarian Laws,Enforcement Mechanisms and ConflictResolution (Vol. I) Compiled and Edited ByGeeta Pathak Sangroula (Kathmandu Schoolof Law, 2005)

13. Martinus, The Changing Face of Conflict andthe Efficacy of International HumanitarianLaw , Nijhoff Publishers, 1991

14. MK Balachandran and Rose Vargnese (eds.),Introduction to International HumanitarianLaw, ICRC Regional Declaration, New Delhi,(1997

15. National Implementation of IHL, edited byMichael Bothe, Netherlands (MartinusNijhoff Publishers, 1990)

16. Segali, Punishing Violations of InternationalHumanitarian Law at the National Level: AGuide for Common Law States

17. Tomothy L.H. Cormack and jery J. Simposon,Netherlands, The Law of War Crime:National and International Approaches, ed.by (Kluwer Law International, 1997)

18. UN Declaration on the Protection of Womenand Children in Emergency and ArmedConflict, 1974

19. Yoram Dinstein, The Conduct of Hostilitiesunder the Law of International ArmedConflict, Cambridge University Press, 2004


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5) Conservation LawObjectivesObjectives of this course are: To provide students with a basic knowledge on

the Conservation Law, To help them to develop capacity of analyzing

Conservation Laws of Nepal in the light ofexisting problems and policies,

To familiarize students with utility andimplications of Conservation Laws.


a. Concept of Conservation Lawb. Importance of Conservation Lawc. Development of Forestry and Other

Conservation Lawsd. Forms of Conservation

2. National Laws of Forestry andConservationa. In-situ Conservation Laws

- National Parks and Wildlife- Conservation Area Management- Protected Area Management Policy

and Guidelines- Other Sectoral Laws

b. Ex-situ Conservation Laws3. Water Resource and Conservation Law

a. Water Resource Lawsb. Water Resource Policyc. Water Rightd. Water Resource Management (WRM)

4. Bio-Diversity Conservation Lawa. Meaning and Importance of Bio-diversity

Conservationb. Concept of Bio-diversity Conservationc. Ecosystem Diversity Conservationd. Species Diversity Conservatione. Genetic Diversity Conservation

5. Heritage Site Conservationa. Meaning and Development of Heritage Site

Conservation Lawb. Convention for the Protection of World

Cultural and Natural Heritagec. Ancient Monument Law

6. Environmental Law (Green Sector)a. General Introduction on Environmental Lawb. State Rights Over the Natural Resourcesc. Environmental Impact Assessmentd. Environment and Sustainable Development

e. Concept of Trans-boundary Conservation7. People’s Participation

a. Community Forestb. Leasehold Forestc. Religious Forestd. Conservation Areae. Buffer Zonef. Local Self Governance

8. International Conservation Lawa. Convention on Biological Diversityb. Ramsar Convention on Wetlandsc. Convention on International Trade in

Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Faunad. Convention to Combat Desertificatione. International Water Lawsf. Framework Convention on Climate Change

9. Incentive Concept and Its Importance inConservation

10. Implementation of the VariousInternational Conservation Laws in Nepal

11. Role of Judiciary in Conservation12. Role of Natural Resource Committee13. Problems of Forest Encroachment and

Settlement14. Crimes and Punishment under Forest and

other Conservation Laws

Recommended Books1. Climate Change in the Context of Water,

Water and Energy Commission Secretariat,Nepal, 2011

2. De Cyrille Klemm and et.al., Biological DiversityConvention and the Law, Legal Mechanism forconserving Species and Ecosystem,Environmental Policy and Law Paper No 29,IUCN

3. Environmental Acts and Regulations4. Forestry and Conservation Acts and Regulations.5. Lyle Glowk and et.al., A guide to Convention on

Biological Diversity, Environmental Policy andLaw Paper No 30, IUCN

6. NAPA, Ministry of Environment7. Narayan Balbase and Chiranjavi Bhatarai (eds.),

Environmental Law and Justice, IUCN, (1997)(In Nepali)

8. Narayan Balbase, National Implementation ofthe Convention on Biological Diversity Policyand Legislative Requirements, IUCN, (1999)

9. Narayan Balbase, The Implementation ofInternational Environmental Law in Nepal,IUCN, (1997)


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10. National Water Plan 2005, Water and EnergyCommission Secretariat, Nepal

11. National Water Resource Strategy 2002, Waterand Energy Commission Secretariat

12. Ravi Sharma Aryal, CZTES Implementation inNepal and India Law Polic and Practice WWF-Nepal, 2009


To familiarize students with the generalconcept of the Private International Laws;and

To provide them general skills about usinggeneral principles and rules developed inPrivate International Law.


a. Meaning, Nature and Scope of PrivateInternational Law

b. Origin and Development of PrivateInternational Law

c. Difference Between Public and PrivateInternational Law

2. Jurisdictiona. Introductionb. Type of Jurisdiction: jurisdiction in personam,

Jurisdiction in remc. The situation when a court assumes

jurisdictiond. Forum Shopping and Doctrine of Furum Non

Convenience3. Classification of Cause of Actions

a. Introductionb. Theories in classification of cause of actionsc. Its significance in conflict of laws

4. Doctrine of Renvoia. Introductionb. Developed Theoriesc. Evolving Trend

5. Personal Connecting Factorsa. Introductionb. Domicile - types and general rulesc. Nationalityd. Habitual Residence

6. Familiy Law Related Mattersa. Marriage and Choice of Law Rules

Capacity to Marry Formalities of Marriage

b. Divorce: jurisdiction, choice of law rules andrecognition of foreign decree.

c. Children Legitimacy and Legitimation: introduction

and effect Adoption: Hague Convention on the

Adoption of Children; recognition offoreign adoption and its effect

Custody and Guardianship: jurisdiction,choice of law and recognition of foreignorder.

7. Law of Propertya. Introduction: types, transfer inters vivos and

intestate successionb. Immovables: jurisdiction and choice of lawc. Transfer of Tangible Movables: various

theories on choice of lawsd. Assignment of Intengible Movables (Choses

in Action):- Introduction,- Choice of law rules - assignability, validity

of assignmente. Intestate Succession.

8. Choice of Law in Contracta. Proper Lawb. Formation of Contract- material validity,formal validity and Capacity.c. Interpretation and Discharge of Contractd. Limitations - public policy, mandatory rule

9. Foreign Judgmentsa. Rationale for Recognizing Foreign Judgementsb. Conditions for Recognitionc. Conclusiveness of Foreign Judgmentsd. Defences

10. Substance and Procedurea. Introduction, Problem and Reason for

Classificationb. Actionability and Proper Partiesc. Limitationd. Evidencee. Remedy

11. Experiences on Application of the PrivateInternational Law in Nepal.

13. Terri Mottorshead .... ed. Environmental Lawand Enforcement in Asia-Pacific Rim, Sweetand Maxwell Asia, HongKong, 2002

14. Water Resource Acts and Regulations


6) Private International Law

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Recommended Reading MaterialsA. Books

1. Jonathan Hill, Jaffery on the Conflict of Laws(London, 1997)

2. Month P.M., Cheshrire’s Private International Law(London, 1974)

3. Paras Diwan, Private International Law, (Delhi,1998)

B. Domestic Laws & Cases1. Foreign Exchange Regulation Act, 20192. Foreign Investment and Technology Transfer

Act, 20493. Income Tax Act, 20584. Muluki Ain

7) Pre-Trial Presentation, Trial Advocacy and Appellate Advocacy


To introduce students with basic knowledgeand skills of law practice, framing of issues,development of arguments and applicationof laws in actual situation, and

To prepare themselves to act as professionalswhile they are still at the stage ofstudenthood.

ContentsPart A- Pre-Trial Presentation1. Pre-Trial Presentation

a. Litigation Planning Litigation Process Introduction The Law and the Facts The Adversary System The Client Litigation Preparation The Planning Process Creative Problem Solving Factual Analysis and Development Plausibility, Credibility and Authenticity

Analysis Legal Analysis and Reasoning

2. Investigationa. Client Interviewing and Counselingb. Fact Investigation

Introduction The Investigation Process Timing of Investigation Investigative Personnel Sources of Information Tangible Objects and Physical Evidence

Process and Purposes of Interviews Locating Witnesses

c. Fact Investigation and Evidence Types of Witnesses Types of Witness Interviews Interview Questions Interview Topics Interview Techniques Maintaining Witnesses Record Written Statement Advising Witness Use of Experts in Investigation

3. Discovery Practicea. Purpose of Discoveryb. Scope of Discoveryc. Methods of Discoveryd. Role of Detectives

4. Use of Expertsa. Introduction and Categories of Expertsb. Trial Expertsc. Retained or Specifically Employed Expertsd. The Informally Consulted Expert

5. Pre-Trial Motion Practicea. Introductionb. Procedurec. Approaching Pre-Trial Motion: Why and how

to Approach Pre-Trial Motion? Motion for Meeting with Client in Custody Motion for Protection Against Torture Motion for Medical Treatment Motion for Protection Against

Unnecessary Remand Motion for Police Custody Bail Motion Against Jurisdiction

5. Meenadevi Rana v. Santa Samsher; TungaSamsher v. Indian Airlines Corporation; IndraPratap Sing v. Uma Sundari Devi; and SabinaPandey v. Krishna Raj Pandey.

C. International Conventions1. The Brussels Regime2. European Convention on Custody of

Children, 19803. Hague Convention on Child Abduction, 19804. Hague Convention on Inter -Country Child

Adoption, 19935. Hague Convention on Recognition of

Divorce and Legal Separation, 19686. Rome Convention on Contractual Obligation,

1980


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Motion for Protection of Fairness ofProcedure

d. Strategic Use of Motion Ethics of Motion Practice Attacking Unethical Counsel (and Even

judges) Withdrawal and Substitution of Counsel Motion for Malpractice

6. Effective Presentation of Motionsa. Practice of Motion in Generalb. Motion Advocacy

Selecting Issues to Present Presenting the Facts Presenting the Law Effective Use of Facts and Laws

c. Brief and Memoranda Memorandum Contents Opposition Memorandum Effective Brief writing

d. Oral Argument Role of Oral Argument Preparation Oral Presentation Styles of Argument Communication Skills

Part B: Trial Advocacy1. Trial Preparation

a. Maintenance of Trial Note Bookb. Informal Investigation of the Case : Use of

Private Detectivesc. Preparation for or Study of the Credibility of

Depositions of Witnesses2. Star ting the Trial (Practical Exercise

Follows)a. Investigation of the Perspective of the Caseb. Development of the Core Theoryc. Framing of Argumentsd. Searching of Authoritiese. Preparation for Opening Statement

Telling Story Common Errors in Opening Statements

f. Preparation for Rebuttalg. Preparation for Closing Statement

Be Explicit, Not Implicit Organize and Structure the Argument Tie Law with Facts Do Mot Read Argument Try Not to Mistake Evidence Memorise Openinig and Closing Sentences

3. Examining Witnessesa. The Language of Examination

b. Direct Examinationc. Cross-Examinationd. The Story-Line in Cross-Examinatione. Impeachment Through Prior Inconsistent

Statementf. Witness Control

4. Examination of Expert Witnessesa. Experts Witness and Rulesb. Qualifying Expertsc. Direct Examination of Experts Witnessesd. Cross-Examining Expert Witnesses

5. Witness Examination Tacticsa. Trapsb. Dealing With Dirty Tricksc. Ploysd. The Stock Phrasese. The Right Wordf. Breaking the Spellg. The Blackboardh. An Introduction to Proving Damagesi. Getting along with Judgesj. Keeping the Client Happy

6. Final Argumenta. The Law Concerning Final Argumentb. Solving Problems with Final Argumentc. Analogies in Final Argumentd. The Final Five

7. Trial Memorandum and Brief8. Trial Skills Exercise (Practice Exercise)

Part C: Appellate Advocacy1. Trial Judgment Analysis

a. Legal Mistakesb. Mistakes of Facts

2. Issue of Law to be Encountered at AppellateHearing

3. Planning Appellate Hearinga. Preparationb. Formalitiesc. Styled. Rebuttale. Use of Authorityf. Hot and Cold Benchesg. Questionsh. Conclusions

Recommended Books1. Alan D. Hornstein, Appellate Advocacy,

1984. West Publishing Company.2. Criminal Jurisprudence, Prof. Madhav

Prasad Acharya


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3. Elizabeth Dvorkin, Jack Himmelstein &Howard Lesnick: Becoming A Lawyer; AHumanistic Perspective on Legal Educationand Professionalism.1981. West PublishingCompany.

4. Forensic Science in Criminal Investigationby B.R. Sharma

5. Gary Bellow and Bea Moulton: TheLawyering Process, Problem Supplement.Foundation Press.

6. James W. McElhancy, Trial Notebook.American Bar Association.

7. Jurisprudence, Dr. Yubaraj Sangroula8. Jurisprudence, Salmond9. Keith Evans, Advocacy in Court, Universal

Publication, (1998)

8) Clinical Education Course: Legal Professionalism Development

Objectives:The fundamental objectives of the course are:

To build professional capacity of the students;and

To build skills of handling clients

Contents:1. Use of case laws as ‘authority in arguments in

the court’.2. Application of laws in facts- problems and

challenges3. Case research and preparation of memorandum

( Pleading note)4. Civil and criminal practice- differences5. Client interview and counseling6. Skills of handling cases in ‘unpopular situation.7. Development of writing skill8. Moot practice- preparation of memorial and

pleadings; art of advocacy.9. Professional ethics10. Justice and legal professionalism

Recommended Books1. ;/sf/L jlsn;DaGwL lbUbz{g, @)^#

2. Bonita, Rebortb and Linda. L. Schlueter:Legal Research Guide: Patterns andPractice. Contemporary Legal EducationSeries. The Michies Company. LawPublisher, Vergina

3. Civil Procedure Code, Justice NaimuddinAhmed, Memloer Law Commission,Published by Bangladesh institute of Lawand International Affirs

4. Eligabeth Dvorkim, Jack Himmelstein &Howard Hesnick: Becoming A Lawyer, AHumanlistic Perspective on LegalEducation and Professionalism 1981. WestPublishing Company.

5. Gillors, Regulation A Lawyers, Problemsand Law and Ethics, 5th ed. Aspen 1998

6. James W. MC. Elhancy, Trial Notebook,American Bar Association

7. Learming Lawyers Skills, N Gold K Mackieand W Twiming, Bulterwoths.

8. Legal Ethics, Dr. Kailash Rai, Centeral LawPublication

9. Muluki Ain 202010. Nepal Kanoon Patrika (NKP)11. Professional Ethics of the Lawyers12. Robert M. Bastress and et.al. intervening

counseling and negotiating, skill for effectiverepresentation

13. Ronald E. Cohen, ed. Criminal TrialAdvocacy 1987

14. Salmond on Jurisprudence, PJF itzeferald,12th edition, Universal Law Publishing Co.Pvt. Ltd. Reprint 2004

15. State Case Act 2049+2050 and State CasesRegulations 2050.

10. Keith Evans, The Golden Rules ofAdvocacy, Universal Publication, (1999)

11. Kenney F. Hegland, Trial and Practice Skills,1978. West Publishing Company.

12. Medical Jurisprudence, By Yek Raj Acharya13. Michael Hyam, Advocacy Skills, Universal

Publication (1999)14. Robert M. Bastress and et.al. Interviewing,

Counseling and Negotiating,-Skill forEffective representation

15. Rogers S. Haydock, David F. Herr & JefferyW. Stempel: Fundamentals of Pre-TrialLitigation.

16. Ronald E. Cohen, ed. Criminal TrialAdvocacy, 1987.


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10.1) Law Against Organized Crime

Objectives: To acquaint students about phenomenon of

Organized Crimes in the world, To acquaint them on the existing legal

provisions against Organized Crimes in Nepal,and

To introduce them with internationalmeasures taken to combat Organized Crimes.


a. Definition of Organized Crimesb. Specific Features of Organized Crimec. Differences Between Crime Committed by

an Individual and in an Organized Wayd. Theory of Organized Crime

2. Types of Crime Committed in OrganizedPattern (Transborder and TransnationalCrime)

3. Dacoity/Robbery4. Drug Trafficking

a. Nature of Drug Traffickingb. Pattern and Trend of Drug Trafficking in

Nepalc. International and Regional Arrangement on

Prevention and Suppression of DrugTrafficking

5. Crime of Human Traffickinga. Introductionb. Causes and Purposes of Traffickingc. Problems and Severity of Crime of Trafficking

of Girls and Women in Nepald. Changing Trends of Crime of Traffickinge. Measure Taken to Combat the Crime of

Trafficking. National International

6. Arms, Ammunition and Explosivesa. Smugglingb. Factors / Causesc. National Legal Frameworkd. International and Regional Measures

7. Insurgency, Terrorism and Conflicta. Definitionb. National and International Terrorismc. Forms (Hostage Taking, Kidnapping,

Hijacking of Aircraft, and Others)d. National, Regional and International

Measures

10. Criminal Law Group

8. Money Launderinga. Definitionb. National Measure to Control Money

Launderingc. International Measure to Control Money

Laundering.9. Other Forms of Organized Crime10. National and International Measures to

Control Organized Crimesa. Enforcement Agencies (National)b. International Institutions

Interpole Others

c. Concept of Extradition and Nepalese LegalFramework.

Recommended Books1. Ahmad Siddique Crinology: Problem and

Prospective India: Easter Book Co. 4th ed,1997

2. Barash, David P. & Charles P. Webal, (2002)Peace and Conflict Studies, New Delhi,Sage Publication.

3. Condemned to Exploitation: Impact ofCorruption in Criminal Justice System onWomen, 2000.

4. Graeme Newman (ed.), Global Report onCrime and Justice, New York,(1999)(Published for the United Nations Officefor Drug Control and Crime PreventionCenter for International Crime Prevention)

5. Larry J. Siegel, Ph.D. “Criminology” 7th

edition.6. Michael D. Lyman, Garyw Fotter ‘Organied

Crime’, 19977. Prof. Dr. N.V. Paranjape “Criminology and

Penology’ Central Law Publication, 12th

Edition8. Prof. Dr. Yubaraj Sangroula, Condemned

to Exploitation, Trafficking of Girls andWomen, KSL, 2001.

9. Prof. Madhav P. Acharya Criminology,Kathmandu, Ratna Pustak Bhandar

10. Raid Sue Titus, Crime and Criminology,Mcgraw Hill 8th Edition.1999

11. Sutherland, Principles of Criminology,12. V.K. Anand 1981 Insurgency and Counter

Insurgency. A study of modern GuevillaWarfare, New Delhi, Delhi, Deep & DeepPublication.


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13. Wallensteen, Understanding Conf lictResolution, War, Peace and the GlobalSystem, New Delhi Sage Publication.

14. Walter C. Reckless, The Crime Problem,Vikils, Feffer and Simons Private Ltd, India,1st reprint 1971

10.2) Fiscal Crime Law

ObjectivesObjectives of the course are:

- To acquaint students with the existingphenomena of fiscal crimes,

- To acquaint them with the existing legalprovisions against fiscal crimes in Nepal,

- To acquaint them with the lacuna on existinginternational and national legal mechanisms.

- To familiarize them with the recent modes offiscal crimes

Contents1. Introduction of Fiscal Crime

a. Nature and Kinds of Fiscal Crimeb. Features of Fiscal Crimec. Theories dealing with Fiscal Crime

2. Corruption and Abuse of Authoritya. Definitionb. Forms

- Graft- Bribe

3. Pillaging and Embezzlementa. Pillaging of State Propertyb. Extortion of Public Fundc. Embezzlement (Case Peon Beda Nath Sapkota

v. NBL, Head Office)d. Abuse of Authority

4. Forgery/ Frauda. Illicit Banking Transactionb. Financial Forgery

- Underground Banking- Hundi and Dhikuti- Unregistered Lottery- Online Fraud- Financial Cheating and Deception

5. Crime Relating to Insurancea. Premium Fraud (Misrepresentation,

Disclosure)b. Claim Fraudc. Arsoning

6. Bank Frauda. Mortgage Fraud

b. Cheque Fraudc. Negotiable Instruments Fraudd. Debit/Credit Card Fraud

7. Counter Measures to Prevent Fiscal Crimesa. Institutional

- National- ii. International

b. Constitutionalc. Legal

8. Crimes Relating to Company9. Counterfeit

a. Cons & Currency Noteb. Intellectual Propertyc. Negotiable Instruments

10.Crime of Tax-evasiona. Income Tax Evasionb. VAT Evasionc. Excise Duitesd. Property Tax Evasione. Custom Duties

Recommended Books1. B.R. Sharma, Bank Frauds, Prevention &

Detection, 2,nd ed. 20032. Bank Acts and Regulations, NRB Act.3. Bribery in International Business

Transaction, OECD, 19944. CeLLRd/TAF Counter Corruption Legal

Framework, 20005. Company Act and Regulations6. Corruption Prevention Act and Regulations7. E. R. Hardy Lvamy, General Principles of

Insurance Law8. Graham Stephenson, Credit, Debit &

Cheque Cards, Law & Practice, Central LawPublishing, 1993

9. Income Tax Act and Regulations10. Insurance Act and Regulations11. Interim Constitution of Nepal, 206312. Kenny’s Outline of Criminal Law13. M.G. Chittkara, Corruption ‘N’ Cure, India.14. Muluki Ain

Acts1. Extradiction Act and Treaties2. Human Trafficking (Control) Act, 2064

BS3. Money Laundering (Control) Act, 2064

BS4. Narcotic Drug (Control) Act, 2033 BS


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15. Negotiable Instruments Act, Value AddedAct, Costum Duties Act & Rules, PrpertyTax Act & Rules, Excise Duties Act.

16. Smith and Hogan, Criminal Law Leading Cases:

1. DN 6109 , NLR Vol. II. P 972,Samsudeen Ansari v. Nepal InduswishBank Ltd.

2. DN 6205, NBR 053, Vol. 6, Bal KrishnaNeupane v. CIAA

3. DN 7705, NLR 063 Vol. II, P. 1434,Arun Chandra v. Arun Chndra V. NRB,Central Office

4. SC Bulleten, 063, Vol. 1. P.1 (DB)5. SC Bulleten, 063, Vol. 10. P.18 (DB)

Rajendra K. Khetan V. NRB CenterOffice

6. SC Bulleten, 063, Vol. 14. P.1 (SB) IsworiP, Adhikari V. Government of Nepal

11.1) Intellecutal Property

11. Business Law Group


To familarise students with the concept ofIntellectual Property,

To examine various philosophical and policyconsiderations in relation to IntellectualProperty rights,

To help them identify and protect differentforms of Intellectual Property.

Contents:1. Intellectual Property

a. Meaning and major forms of intellectualproperty

b. Theories of property; Justification andPhilosophy of intellectual property regime

c. Need and the competing rational for thelegal protection of IP

d. Role of Intellectual Property in economic& Industrial development, R & D,Technology Transfer and FDI

E. Social Culturel Development and role ofIntellectual Property Right

f. Concept of intellectual property inNepalese constitution –place of IntellectualProperty – A need for a fresh look.

2. Origin and development of IntellectualPropertya. Copy rightb. Patentc. Trademark

d. Designe. Other Eools of Intellectual Property

3. Copyrighta. Concept

Concept & justification Basic elements Acquisition, Ownership: Economic &

Moral right / Authorship & Ownership Assignment & Licensing Fair dealing and permitted use Infringement, remedies and defense

b. Neighbouring Right Performers’ Right Right of Sound Recording Companies

& Phonogram Producers Right of Broadcasting Organizations

c. Copyright Society4. Patent

a. Concept and Justification, Kings of Patentb. Basic elements; Patentability & Plant

varieties protectionc. Patent prosecutiond. Ownership Exception and Limitation;

Assignment & Licensinge. Patent Revocationf. Infringement, Remedies & Defense

5. Trade Marka. Concept; Justification and Major forms of

Marks :Trademark , Trade Name, ServiceMark , Service Name, Certification Mark,

7. SC Bulleten, 063, Vol. 20. P.16 (DB)Noor Pratap JBR V. NRB, Center Office

Other Materials1. CIAA Annual Reports, Transparency

International Nepal Annual Reports,2. Geneva Convention 1949 & Heague

Convention 19073. Global Compact Principle4. Global Corruption Report, 2004,5. ICC Rules of Conduct to Combat

Extortion & Bribery in InternationalBusiness Transaction

6. OECD Anti Bribery Convention, UNConvention Conference in Quater 2009

7. Twelve Tables8. UN Convention Against Corruption


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11.2) Taxation Law


- To introduce students with the prevailing TaxLaws in Nepal,

- To familiarize them with importance of taxsystems and importance of Tax Laws, and

- To help them develop specialized knowledgeon Tax Laws.

Contents1. Basic Concept

a. Constitutional framework of taxing power,taxing procedure, and fundamental right toproperty

b. Budget - toolsc. Different between Tax and Non Tax revenued. Direct and Indirect taxese. Finance Act and taxationf. Rules of interpretation applicable in taxation

lawg. Principles of taxation law

2. Income Taxa. Global vs Schedular Income taxb. Source vs worldwide taxationc. Basis of income taxd. Income Calculation from Businesse. Income Calculation from Investmentf. Income Calculation from Employmentg. Filing return of incomeh. Assessment of taxi. Payment of taxj. Recovery of taxk. Tax deduction at source (TDS)l. International Agremeents

- Avoidance of double taxation- Meaning & objectives- Treaties to which Nepal is a party

m. Rights and Duties of taxpayern. Crimes and Penalties

3. Value Added Tax

Collective Mark, Associated Mark,Geographic Mark

b. Basic Elementsc. Acquisition of rightd. Ownership; Assignment & Licensinge. Infringement Remedies and defensef. Passing off

6. Industrial Designa. Concept and Justificationb. Basic Elementsc. Acquisition of rightsd. Ownership & its limitation; Assignment and

licensinge. Infringement remedies and defense;

Revocationf. Industrial Design protection and its relation

with copyright, patent and Trademark7. Other forms of Intellectual property

a. Geographical Indicationb. Trade Secretc. Layout Design of Integrated circuitd. Plent Varieties Protection

8. Traditional Knowledge Treditional CulturelExpression and Folklore and IntellectualProperty

9. Enforcement Authoritya. Department of industry, Copyright

Registrar's office, Custom Office, Court &other Agencies

10. International protection of IPRa. Int’l IPR Regimeb. Paris Convention, Berne convention &

WIPOc. Madrid system & TLT,CTd. Int’l protection of patent PCT,PTC.PLTe. Hague Systemf. GATT-WTO-TRIPS: Dispute settlement

Mechanismg. Nepalese position in Int’l IP regime

Recommended Books1. Black’s Law Dictionary2. Cetnerin Colston, Principles of

Intellectual Property3. Copyrights Act & Regulation4. Franchis, W. Rushing, Carole Granz Brown,

Intellectual Property Rights in Science,Technology and Economic Performance

5. Law Lexicon6. P. Noreyanan, Intellectual Property Law7. Patent Right Design and Trademark Act and

Regulation8. Raj Kumar Suwal, Intellectual Property

Jurisprudence, 2011, CIPN (ComingSoon)

9. Raj Kumar Suwal, Patent Specification,2008, CIPN

10. W.R. Cornish, Intellectual Property


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a. Basic Concept of VAT (Meaning, Basis, TaxCredit, Tax refund, Threshold, Invoicing andAccounting)

b. Main Feature of VATc. Registation for VATd. Collection of VATe. Return of VATf. Assessment of VATg. Payment and Recovery of VATh. Rights and duties of taxpayeri. Crimes and Penalties

4. Inand Revenue Administrationa. Inland Revenue Department

- Power and Functions- Quasi Judicial Power

b. Inland Revenue Office- Power and Functions- Jurisdictions

c. Tax disposal Commission- Power and Functions

5. Judicial Control of Tax Administrationa. Revenue Tribunals

- Composition and Jurisdictionb. Appellate Court

- Jurisdictionc. Supreme Court

- Review and Revision of tax cases

Recommended Books1. Alan A. Tiat, Value Added Tax: International

Practice and Problems (IMF)2. Bindra NS, Interpretation of Statutes, 19783. Finance Act (Latest)4. Handbook, Booklets Published by IRD

(Website www.ird.gov.np)5. Income Tax Act 20586. Income Tax Directives 2066, IRD

(Website www.ird.gov.np)7. Income Tax Rules 20598. Khadka, Rup, Income Taxation in Nepal:

Restrospect and Prospect, Ratna PustakBhandar, Kathmandu, 2001

9. Khadka, Rup, The Nepalese Tax System,Sajna Prakasan, Kathmandu 2000

10. Revenue Tribunal Act 203111. Tax Reform in Nepal: A Comprehensive

Review Final Report, Harvard University,1997

12. The Constitution of Nepal, 206313. Value Added Tax Act 205214. Value Added Tax Rules 206315. Victor Thuronyi, (ed), Tax law design and

drafting Vol I and II (IMF), 1998

Objectives:Objectives of this Course are:

To acquaint students with concepts and notionof equity and natural justice along with thedevelopment of the principles of equity incommon law system,

To provide basic and comparative knowledgeon the law of torts in Nepal and othercountries, and

To provide a knowledge of various aspectsof consumers protection laws.

Contents:Part A- Equity and Torts1. Introduction

a. The Concept of Natural Justiceb. The Concept of Equityc. Origin and Development of Equityd. Definition of Tortse. Classification of Torts

12.1) Law of Equity, Torts and Consumer Protection

12. Constitutional Law Group

f. Who Can Sue? Who Can Be Sued?g. General Defense in Tortsh. Discharge of Tortsi. Remedies in Torts

2. Trespass to the Persona. Assault and Batteryb. False Imprisonment

3. Trespass to Propertya. Detinueb. Conversionc. Replevind. Trespass to Chattelse. Torts Relating to Land and Other Premises

4. Defamation (Slander and Libel)5. Negligence6. Nuisance7. Strict Liability8. Vicarious Liability9. Misrepresentation (Deceit)


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12.2) Law on Gender and Disadvantaged Sections of Population


- To introduce students about concepts andprinciples of gender justice,

- To acquaint them with emerging principlesof jurisprudence of law on gender anddisadvantaged sections of population, and

- To familiarize them with existing laws ofNepal on gender and disadvantaged sectionsof population.

Contents:1. Gender and Law

a. Meaning of Gender and Gender Law.b. Concept of Power Relation in Society.c. Nepalese Societal Structure- its foundations,

values and principles.d. Patriarchy as a Foundation of Societal

Structure.2. Defective Value System

a. Subordination of Women’s Personality

b. Traditional Restrictions on Womenc. Impacts of Restrictions on Development of

Womend. Men’s Control on Sexuality of Women

- Definition of sexuality- Impacts of men’s control of sexuality of

women- Existing laws that reinforce men’s control

of women’s sexuality.3. Legal Framework on Women’s Rights

a. Meaning of Women’s Rightsb. Women’s Human Rights – concept, meaning

and extension of Women’s Human Rightsc. National Legal Framework;

- Historical Perspectives- Manab NyayaSastra, Muluki Ain of 1910 B.S., NewMuluki Ain 2020 B.S.

- Constitutions on Rights of Women, withespecial reference to equality on right toproperty, political participation,participation in civil service, and access to

10.Development of Equity in Common LawSystem

Part B- Consumer Protection1. Introduction

a. Meaning and Concept of Consumer,Consumerism and Consumer Protection

b. Development of the Concept of ConsumerProtection Consumer Sovereignty Effect of Laissez Fair

c. Four Rights of Consumersd. Areas of Consumer Protection Lawse. Caveat Emptor Concept

2. Problem of Consumer Protection in Nepala. Adulterationb. Black Marketing (Smuggling)c. Dumping the Goodsd. Mixinge. Price Hikingf. Listing the Price

3. Consumer Protection Laws in Nepala. Consumer Protection Act

Objective Types of Consumer (Consumer of Goods

and Consumer of Service) Rights of Consumer Undue Trade Practices and Low Quality

Goods

Standards of Goods and Services Consumer Protection Council (Powers,

Duties and Functions) Crime, Punishment and Compensation

b. Sectoral Laws Relating to ConsumerProtection

c. Consumer Association and Their Roled. Measure for Consumer Protection

Recommended Books1. Black Marketing Act2. Black’s Law Dictionary3. Consumer Protection Act and Regulations,

2053/54 BS4. Defamination Act, 20115. Dr. S.N. Dhani, Fundamentals of

Jurisprudence,6. Essential Commodities Act7. Heuston and Buckley, Salmond & Heuston

on the Law of Torts, 2004, Pub. byUniversal Law Publishing Co.

8. Law Lexicon9. Measurement Act10. Muluki Ain, 2020 BS11. MulukiAin (Kutpit and Lutpit Mahals)12. Public Offence Act13. Ratnalal and Dhiranlal, Law of Torts, 2002,

Publication by Wadhwa & Company14. Snell, Principles of Equity


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justice- Baidhanic Sasan Bidhan Ain, 2004B.S. Interim Constitution, 2007 B.S.,Constitution of Nepal, 2015, Constitutionof Nepal, 2019, Constitution of Nepal,2047 and Constitution of Nepal, 2063.

- Laws on Employment- Civil Service Act,Labor Act, Military Service Act, PoliceService Act.

- Laws Relating to Marriage andReproductive Rights

- Laws Relating to Promotion of Women’sEducation, Enterprises and Development

- Laws Relating to Prevention of Violenceand Exploitation, including sexualTrafficking for Sexual Exploitation

- Laws Relating to Prevention andSuppression of Sexual Offences againstWomen.

- Laws Relating to Equal Property Rightsd. International Legal Framework:

- Universal Declaration of Human Rights- International Covenant on Civil and

Political Rights,- International Covenant on Economic,

Social and Cultural Rights- Convention on Elimination of All-Forms

of Discrimination Against Women- Convention Against Torture, and Other

Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatmentor Punishment

- Convention on the Rights of Child- Convention on Political Rights of Women- Convention on Suppression of Immoral

Trafficking and Protocole. Enforceability of International Conventions

in Nepal- Treaty Act, 1990.- Judicial Activism

4. Violence Against Womena. Meaning of Violenceb. Types of Violence

- Physical and Mental Violence- Social Violence- Domestic Violence, including Marital

Violence- Violence in the Forms of Culture- Violence Relating to Sex and Sexual

Harassment- Sexual Exploitation and Assaults- Pornography- Existing Laws Against Violence – Kutpit,

Lutpit Mahals, Public Offence Actc. Trafficking of Women for Sexual Exploitation

- Definition of Trafficking,

- Causes and Purposes of Trafficking- Impacts of Trafficking on Lives of

Affected Persons- Situation of the Problem of Trafficking

in Nepal- Problem of Reintegration of Rescued

Womend. Laws on Prevention and Suppression of

Violence and Trafficking.5. Rights and Problems Relating to

Reproductiona. Meaning Sexualityb. Feminist Approach to Sexuality of Womenc. Right to Choice of Space Between Pregnanciesd. Right to Abortione. Right to Choice of Number of Children

6. Concept of Gender Justicea. Right to Equal Access to Justiceb. Problems, Constraints and Obstructions in

Women’s Unrestricted Access to Justicec. Gender Biases in Judicial System

7. Racial Discrimination- Problem of Untouchability in Nepal- Laws Prohibiting Untouchability or Racial

Discrimination in Nepal- International Instruments Prohibiting Racial

Discrimination- Legislative and Judicial Activism to Prevent

Racial Discrimination in Nepal.8. Laws on Disability and Protection of

Disabled Persons9. Laws on Protection of Minorities and

Vulnerable Groups10. Laws on Protection of Children in

Especially Different Circumstancesa. Street Childrenb. Children in Labor Marketc. Children in Risk of Traffickingd. Children in Risk of Getting Involved in

Armed Forcee. Children in Risk of Drug Abuse

Recommended Books1. Anne Minas, Gender Basics (Feminist

Perspectives on Woman and Man), 19932. Common Wealth Seccretariat, Advancing

The Human Rights of Women, 19973. Condemned to Exploitation, Impact of

Corruption in Criminal Justice System onWomen, CeLRRd/TAF, 2000.

4. Dalit Human Rights Violations, AtrocitiesAgainst Dalits In India. National PublicHearing, April 18-19, 2000. Chennai-TamilNadu.


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5. Dianne D. Horgan, Achieving GenderEquity, 1995

6. d'n'sL P]g

7. Employment for Women In Formal Sectorin Nepal, New Era, Kathmandu.

8. Flavia Agenes, Law and Gender Inequality,1999.

9. g]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$&

10. Katharine T. Bartlett et. al., Feminist LegalTheory, 1993.

11. M.C. From Periphery to Center, Analysisof the Paradigm of Globalization, CasteismDalitism, Ambedkar Resource Center,Tumkur, India.

12. Nancy R. Hooyman, Judith Gonyea,Feminist Perspectives on Femily Care(Policies for Gender Justice), 1995

13.1) Energy Law

13. Environment and Development Group


To provide students with a general informationon Energy Laws of Nepal,

To introduce them with a situation ofenforcement of Energy Laws, and

To help them assess the utility and implicationof Energy Laws.

Contents:1. Introduction

a. Meaning and Concept of Energy Lawb. Development of Energy Lawc. Impotance of Energy Law

Three Goals of Energy (Accessibility,Availability, and Acceptability)

d. Areas of Energy Laws (HydroelectricityEnergy, Solar Energy, Wind Energy, andNatural Gas Energy)

2. Forms of Energya. Traditional Energy Sourcesb. Alternative or Renewable Energy Sources

3. Hydroelectricity Lawa. Concept of Hydroelectricity and

Hydroelectricity Lawb. Hydro-electic Projects and Their Importancec. Import and Export of Electricity

Criteria for Import and Export Obligations during Import and Export

d. Sharing of Burden and Benefitse. Production of Electricity

Production by Public Sector Production by Private Sector PPP Model Responsibility in Various Activities

(Survey, Production, Extension andDistribution)

f. Quality of Electricityg. Sell and Purchase of Electricityh. National Grid Systemi. Requirements for Grid System in Trans-

boundary Supplyj. Crime and Punishment Relating to Hydro-

Electricity4. Law on Wind Energy5. Law on Petroleum Energy6. Law Relating to Solar Energy7. Energy Consumption

a. Determination of Energy Costb. Basis of Determination of Energy Costc. Energy Supply as a Serviced. Providing Continuous Servicee. Right of Peoples Around Project Areasf. Subsidies in Energy Costg. Energy Consumption and Legal Criteria

8. Energy Production and Sustainabilitya. Necessity of Sustainabilityb. Legislative Requirements for Sustainabilityc. Utilization of Energy and Energy Savingd. Environment and Sustainability in Energy

Sector9. National Policies on Energy Sector

13. Padma Lal B.K. et. al., afn clwsf/ / blntafnaflnsf, 2057

14. Sap Nepal, Gender and Development, 199915. The Conditions of Dalits ( Untouchables)

in Nepal: Assessment of Impact of VariousDevelopment Inter ventions. UNDP,Nepal/ Team Consult Pvt. Ltd. 1999.

16. UNDP, Human Development Report,1995.

17. Vijay Prasad, Untouchable Freedom: ASocial History of Dalit Community, 2000

18. Yubaraj Sangroula, Condemned toExploitation: Trafficking of Girls andWomen, Kathmandu School of Law, 2001.

19. ;fj{hlgs ck/fw P]g, @)$(

20. afnaflnsf P]g, @)$*


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a. Necessity of Liberalization Concept in EnergySector

b. Policy and Legal Issues10.Authority of Energy Law in Nepal

a. Electricity Authority (Composition, Purposeand Functions)

b. Sectoral Energy Support Authorities11. Traditional vs. Alter native Energy and

Balancing the Resources12. Dam and Its Construction

a. Construction of Dam and Its Effectsb. Responsibility of Constructorsc. Displacement of Peoples and their

Rehabilitationd. Trans-boundary Responsibility (Allocation of

Sovereign Risk)

Recommended Books1. Awareness in energy sector2. Constitutional Provision on energy3. Electricity Act and Regulations, 2049 BS4. Electricity Tarrif Fixation Regulation,

2050 BS5. Energy (Science, Policy & the Pursuit of

Sustainability), edited by Robert Bent Lloyd Orr Randall Baker, 2002

6. Energy Policy (National & RegionalImplications), Sridhar K. Klatri & HariUpreti, Nepal Foundation for Advanced

Studies (NEFAS) Coalition for Action onSouth Asian Cooperation (CASAC) inCooperation with (FES) Nepal 2002

7. Foreign Investment and TechnologyTransfer Act, 2049 BS

8. Gas Protection Rules, 2017 BS9. Hydro Power Policy, 1992 & 200110. Institutions related with energy sector11. National Electricity Policy12. Nepal Electricity Authority Act 2041 BS13. Nepal Mine Act and Regulations 2023BS/

2042 BS14. Nepal Petroleum Act, 204015. Nepal Petroleum Regulation 2041 BS16. New trends in development of energy

Sector17. Nutural Resource Conservation and

Sustainable Development in Nepal, H.D.Lekhak & Binod Lekhak, KshitizPublication, Oct 2003

18. Small Hydro-power, China’s Practice, TongJiandong, 2004, (China Water Power Press)

19. Water Resource Act 2049 BS, Regulation2050 BS

20. Water Use and Waste Water Management,Nishi Dixit, Vista International) PublishingHouse, Delhi, 2006, 1st ed.

Note: At least 1 month field visit to differentsector


To provide students with a basic knowledgeon Civil Aviation and Tourism Law

To help them build capacity to analyse thesituation of Civil Aviation and Tourism Lawsand policies; and

To familiarize them about of utility andimplications of Civil Aviation and TourismLaws in Nepal.

Contents:Part-A- Civil Aviation law1. Concept of International Air Law2. The Origin and Development of

International Air Law3. Concept of Five Freedoms4. Universalization of Air Law5. Sources of Air Law6. Bodies Governing the Civil Aviation

a. International Bodies

ICAO IATA

b. National Bodies - Civil Aviation Authority

7. Aircraft and Air Servicea. International Aircrafts

Definition Nationality Registration/Deregistration and Marking Certification Equipment and Maintenance

b. Domestic Aircrafts Definition Nationality and Registration Certification Document Records

8. Aircraft Operationa. International

Rights in Air Space Non-Scheduled Flight

13.2) Civil Aviation and Tourism Law


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Scheduled Flight Exclusive Sovereignty Concept,

Obligations and Limitationsb. Domestic

Air Operation and Air WorthinessCertificate

Crew Flight Rules

9. Accident Investigationa. International Legal Mechanismb. National Legal Mechanism

10. Carriage by Aira. Warsaw Conventionb. Hague Protocolc. Carriage by Air Laws in Nepald. Air Carrier’s Liability

11. Civil Aviation Crimea. Aircraft Hijackingb. Tokyo, Hague and Montreal Conventionsc. Crime Against Civil Aviation in Nepal

12. Commercial Dealing in Aviationa. Wet and Dry Leaseb. Sale and Purchasec. Mortgagesd. Liability of Manufacturers

13.Insurance and Air Transport Servicesa. Contract of Aviation Insuranceb. Aviation Insurance Policyc. Re-insuranced. Insolvency

Part-B-Tourism Law1. Meaning and Importance of Tourism Law2. Concept of Tourism Law3. Development of Tourism Law in Nepal4. Current Nepalese Tourism Laws

a. Tourism Act Objectives Definition of ‘Tourist’ and Different

Forms of Foreigners

Main Provision Under the Tourism Act Sectoral Institutions and Their

Obligations (Guiding, Hotel, Travel andMountaineering)

Mountaineering Legal Barriersb. Immigration Law and Tourist

Objectives Provision Regarding to Visa for Tourists

c. Nepal Tourism Authority Board Act General Introduction Rights, Duties and Function of Board

5. Facility Under the Law to the Tourist inNepal

6. Control Over the Tourista. Liaison Officer- Rights, Duties, and

Obligations7. Concept of Village and Eco-tourism

Recommended Books:1. Civil Aviation Act and Regulations2. D.J. Harris , Cases and Materials on

International Law, 4th ed. 19983. Immigration Act4. J.G. Stark, Introduct ion to International

Law, 10th ed. Aditya Books, India (1994)5. Malcolm N. Shaw, International Law, 4th

ed. Cambridge University Press, (1996)6. Related International Conventions.7. Tourism Act and Regulations8. Tourism Authority Board Act

Note: 1. Lesson plan formulated by the concerned teachershall give detail description, methods of teaching,teaching strategy, allocated time frame, internalevaluation system and specific materials to beused.

2. Teacher must prepare model questions andguidelines for examiner of the papers. Theguidelines must state the scope of each contentand text books on which the orientation isbased.


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Contact Us

Kathmandu School of Law (KSL)Dadhikot-9, Bhaktapur, NepalP.O.Box: 6618Tel: 977-01-6634455, 6634663Fax: 977-1-6634801E-mail: [email protected]: www.ksl.edu.np

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