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SYMBIOSE

A Modeling & Simulation Platform for Environmental PPPPollutant Risk Assessment

CHEN Victor Tao, GARCIA-SANCHEZ Laurent, GONZE Marc-André,LE DIZES Séverine, METIVIER Jean-Michel, MOURLON Christophe

IRSN Cadarache

Sponsored by EDF (Electricité de France)

Goldsim User Conference Las Vegas (Nevada), October 10-13, 2004

Rappel titre - date- N°X/Y

I. Environmental Pollutant Risk Assessment (ERA)

II. Modeling Approach

III. Implementation in Goldsim

IV. Application

V. Conclusion

SYMBIOSE – Goldsim User Conference 2004

Plan


Some scenarios of interest

Nuclear accident (crisis)• Acute release from a Nuclear Power Plant (NPP)• Fate & transport of radionuclides in the neighboring continental environment

(30 km, 3 years) • Dose to man • Efficiency of protection actions

ERA 1


Normal releases • Long-term, low-level discharge of pollutants from a Waste Disposal Facility• Fate & transport of pollutants in semi-natural ecosystems & geosphere• Dose to fauna & flora• Effects on biota populations (mortality & reproduction rates, etc.)


Trends in ERA modeling

1. Integration• Human Health &Biota Protection • Radiological & chemical risk • Multiple interacting media, spatially-distributed & dynamic systems• Parametric vs structural uncertainties

ERA 2

2. Modularity• Easy building of specific simulators • Library of reusable modules• Alternative modules (varying levels of complexity)

3. Transparency (& Traceability)• Modules content (structure, data & methods) • Down to an appropriate level• Reinforce confidence & credibility

… Collaborative development, User-friendliness



Pollutant dynamics : Mass Transfer Matrix

Modeling Approach 1

RIVER SYSTEM

RAW WATER

WATER

SUSPENDED MATTER

ABIOTIC

PHYTO-PLANKTON

BOTTOM SEDIMENT

ANIMAL FOOD CHAIN

REST Of RIVER

SYSTEM

REST Of BIOSPHE

RE

RIVER SYSTEM

RAW WATER

WATER Advection Dispersion

Sorption Sorption Sorption Accumulation OutwardMig ration

SUSPENDED MATTER

Desorption ABIOTIC Advection Dispersion

Deposition Ingestion OutwardMig ration

Desorption PHYTO-PLANKTON

Advection Dispersion


Desorption BedErosion BOTTOM SEDIMENT

ingestion

ANIMAL FOOD CHAIN

Excretion

InwardMig ration

InwardMig ration

InwardMig ration

REST Of RIVER

SYSTEM

RunOff Deposition

Erosion REST Of BIOSPHE

RE



Pollutant dynamics : Mass balance

,

,, ][ )( iijp

pji

pijiii SMRMTMTMMχ

t++−+−

∂∂ ∑= FM....∇∇∇∇

Modeling Approach 2


Spatial migrationMass exchange p(i↔ j)

Physico-chemicaltransformations

Source term

Concentration of MIn phytoplankton (mol/kg)In soil solution (mol/cm3)

Population densityPhytoplankton biomass (kg/m)Moisture content in soil (cm3/cm3)

Stock of MIn phytoplankton (mol/m)In soil solution (mol/cm3)


Input(flux, conc.,…)

Mediating system or pathway p Output ?

(flux, conc.,…)

Pollutant dynamics : Transfer function

Modeling Approach 3

Migration & transfer processes

∫ −−−=t

dtftfInputtOutput Mp

0 )( ,...) ,( )( ),( 00 ττττ xx,xx

physico-chemical transformations


Ingestion fluxMediating system

or pathway p Milk conc. ?

CowAtmospheric

deposition fluxOutlet

stream conc. ?

Watershed run-off & erosion


A Feasibility Prototype

Modeling & Simulation

• Module library (GoldSim)• Customized simulators (Goldsim)• Complex calculations (DLL)

Information Management

• Data Bank (Excel)• Documentation system (Word)• Bank of simulation results (GoldSim)

System Analysis & Decision-support

• Uncertainty analysis (GoldSim)• Sensitivity analysis • Mass pathways analysis• Spatial analysis (ArcInfo)• Remediation action testing, etc.

*Not implemented

Implementation in Goldsim 1



Module features


!m_Modulem_Modulem_Modulem_Modulem_Module1. Computational

• Autonomous, reusable, plugable software component • Encapsulates all relevant data, information & calculation • Provides users/rest of the system with a specific service


2. Scientific

• TASK

• Pollutant dynamics, fluid/ecological dynamics, …• Dose, effect calculation, …• Information processing, system analysis, …

• DOMAIN

• Material system : (a)biotic compartments, migration & exchange processes• Chemical system : species, physico-chemical forms & processes• Time frame : window, continous/discrete…type, step size, …• Space frame : coverage, network/grid...type, dimension, mesh size, …


!m_Modulem_Riverm_Riverm_Riverm_River


Compute :• Water dynamics (hydraulics)• Sediment dynamics• Radionuclide dynamics

TASK

MaterialRIVER

SYSTEM

RAW WATER


Sorption-Desorption

Sorption-Desorption

Sorption-Desorption

Accumulation OutwardMig ration

SUSPENDED MATTER

ABIOTIC Advection Dispersion


PHYTO-PLANKTON



BedErosion BOTTOM SEDIMENT

ingestion

ANIMAL TROPHIC

CHAIN

Excretion

InwardMig ration

InwardMig ration

InwardMig ration

REST Of RIVER

SYSTEM

RunOff Deposition


RE

12

345

6

789

10

111213

141516

1720

1918

1

45

3 2

678

910

12

345

6

789

10

111213

141516

1720

1918

1

45

3 2

678

910

Space1D Network Smallest resolved scale ~ 103m

Window = Hydrological season Continuous solutionSmallest resolved scale ~ 0.25hour

Time

137Cs, 106Ru, …Radioactive decay

Chemical



!m_Modulem_Riverm_Riverm_Riverm_River


RIVER SYSTEMRIVER SYSTEM

!Calculator

!In Viewer

Listener

!Out

i HelpHelp



Coupling ModulesImplementation in Goldsim 5


Module 2Module 2

Viewer

Listener

!Out!

Calculator!In

Module 1Module 1

!Calculator

Listener

!Out

!In Viewer

!m_Modulea_Adapter

Adapter Adapter

Calculator

In

Out

If domain1 <> Domain2If Domain1 <> Domain2

through Adapters


RIVER SYSTEMRIVER SYSTEM

!Calculator

!In Viewer

Listener

!Out

i HelpHelp


Nesting Modules

BIOTABIOTA

!Calculator

!In Viewer

Listener

!Out_

i HelpHelpANIMAL FOOD CHAIN


Radionuclide concentrations in water, sediment, etc.


Application 1



Application 2



Application 3



Application 4



Soil contamination (t=2 years)137CsSurface layer

Rooting layer 137Cs

Application 5



A few words to conclude …

1. Prospective developments

• Module library enrichment• Spatial pre/post-processing• Information Management System

• Relational-Object Data Base• Web technologies

… Thank you for your attention

Conclusion

2. Interactions with other projects10

• ERICA (EC Program, ~15 organizations)

• Development of an integrated framework & tool for Ecological Risk Assessment

• ECOLEGO (Facilia, Sweden)

• Development of an integrated assessment tool under Matlab/Simulink/Java • Sponsored by SSI (Sweden), NRPA (Norway), POSIVA (Finland)


ANNEXE


Institute for Radiological Protection & Nuclear Safety

1. Who are we ?• Public establishment of an industrial & commercial nature • Joint authority of the Ministers of Defense, Environment, Industry,

Research & Health • 1500 experts & researchers• Budget : 250 MEuros

2. Missions• Technical support to the public authority• Research & Expertise within the fields of

• Nuclear safety• Protection against ionizing rays • Control & protection of nuclear materials • Protection against acts of malevolence



3. Locations

ParisParisParisParis



Risk Assessment

ERA

& Management process

Action• Controling release • Reinforcing protection • Rehabilitating media • Analyzing cost/benefit

Risk• Dosimetric impact• Health & ecological effect• Economic impact• Risk

Source• Pollutant forms • Toxicity• Release characteristics

Exposure• Targets• Ecosystems, pathways• Space & time scales • Mass (& energy) cycling

Uncertainty• Sources• Quantification method



Hierarchical Mass Transfer Matrix

Modeling Approach

RIVER SYSTEM

RAW WATER

WATER

SUSPENDED MATTER

ABIOTIC

PHYTO-PLANKTON

BOTTOM SEDIMENT

ANIMAL FOOD CHAIN

REST Of RIVER

SYSTEM

REST Of BIOSPHE

RE

RIVER SYSTEM

RAW WATER


Sorption-Desorption

Sorption-Desorption

Sorption-Desorption

Accumulation OutwardMig ration

SUSPENDED MATTER

ABIOTIC Advection Dispersion


PHYTO-PLANKTON



BedErosion BOTTOM SEDIMENT

ingestion

ANIMAL FOOD CHAIN

Excretion

InwardMig ration

InwardMig ration

InwardMig ration

REST Of RIVER

SYSTEM

RunOff Deposition


RE

PHYTO-PLANKTONAttributes• Definition• Unit • BiomassDensity • Concentration, Stock • ExternalDose, InternalDose • BiomassGrowthRate

Methods• ComputeBiomassDensity()• ComputeStock()• ComputeDose()

Bibliography[1] Smith et al., …

Sorption-Desorption

Attributes• Definition• Unit • Flux• KdCoefficient, DesorptionKin eticRate

Methods• ComputeFlux()

Bibliography[1] Johnson et al., …



Ecological/Fluid dynamics : Mass balance

Ecoi

jp

pji

pijii t

χTTχt

∂∂

+−+−=∂∂ ∑

,,, )(F....∇∇∇∇

Population density (Ui/Uri)

Modeling Approach 2

i

jSpatial migration processes

Mass exchange processes p(i↔ j)

tt

Population growth/decay processes

Animal population density (individual/m2)Phyto-plankton biomass (kg/m3)Water content in soil (m3/m3)Water section in a river reach (m3/m) etc.



Pollutant dynamics : Mass balance

,

,, ][ )( iijp

pji

pijiii SMRMTMTMMχ

t++−+−

∂∂ ∑= FM....∇∇∇∇

Stock (mol/Uri)Concentration (mol/Ui)

Modeling Approach 3

Spatial migration processes

Pollutant exchange processes p(i↔ j)

Physico-chemicaltransformations

Source term

Stock in an animal population (mol/m2)Stock in a phyto-plankton population (mol/m3)Stock in soil water (mol/m3)Stock in river water (mol/m)etc.


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