symposium on running injuries

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SYMPOSIUM ON RUNNING INJURIES on 15.03.2010 V.PADMA SHEELA MPT IIYEAR

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SYMPOSIUM ON RUNNING INJURIES on 15 . 03 . 2010

V.PADMA SHEELA IIYEAR

MPT

Running Injuries - Running Injury Welcome to the quest of running injury free! This site is for the thousands of runners, joggers, and walkers who are not concerned with how fast they can ... www.runnersrescue.com/ - Cached - Similar Running Injury - Common Injuries in Runners 21 Dec 2009 ... Running places extraordinary demands on an athlete's feet, legs, and entire body. Many common conditions affect runners, ... orthopedics.about.com/cs/sportsmedicine/.../ru nninginjury.htm - Cached - Similar PDF] Microsoft PowerPoint - Common Orthopedic Running Injuries File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat - Quick View Running Injuries: An Illustration. Dr. Raju

TOPICSIntroduction Biomechanics of running Common Injuries and Treatments Causes of Common Injuries Measures to Avoid Injury

BIOMECHANICS OF RUNNING

MOST COMMON RUNNING INJURIES Acute

Muscle Tears Low back pain Medial Tibial Stress syndrome ( shin splints ) Iliotibial band syndrome Quads strain Hamstring strain Runner s knee Runner s cramp Peroneal

Ankle

sprain Plantar Fasciitis Stress fractures Hip bursitis Groin pain Patello femoral pain syndrome ACL / PCL injury Meniscal injury Prepatellar bursitis Popliteal cyst

MOST COMMON RUNNING INJURIESOsgood

schlatter s disease Osteoarthritis Side stitch Athletes foot Blisters Verruca ( warts ) Hadelung deformity

o Turf toe Calcanei apophysitis Morton s neuroma Metatarsalgia Entrapment syndromes Compartment syndromes

CAUSES OF INJURIESCaused

by 1) Training errors 2) Inappropriate footwear 3) Inadequate strength 4) Inadequate flexibility 5) Poor biomechanics

FACTORS RELATED TO RISKS OF RUNNING INJURIES

Previous injury Lack of running experience Competitive running Excessive weekly running distance Low body mass

GENERAL EVALUATIONHistory Shoe

Assessment Physical Assessment

COMMON ANATOMICAL DISORDERSReduced ankle ROM Leg- length asymmetry Increased quadriceps angle Bow legs Knock knees, club foot Subtalar hyper mobility High arch/flat foot

OVER PRONATION

ACUTE MUSCLE TEAR

Treatment :Ice Strengthening Stretching

CHRONIC MUSCLE TEAR

Treatment :Stretching Strengthening

LOW BACK PAIN

Contributing factors : Weak abdominals Back muscles Tight hamstrings Foot imbalance

SHIN SPLINTS

caused by : Running on hard surfaces, Running on tip toes & sports where a lot of jumping is involved.

ILIOTIBIAL BAND SYNDROME

ITBS

SITE OF PAIN

Signs / Symptoms : Pain on outer side of knee Pain usually increases with run Subsides slowly after run

QUADS STRAINGrade I strain: C/o tightness in thigh Passive knee flexion beyond 90 painful Grade II strain : Snapping/tearing during explosive activities Grade III strain : Extremely painful & ambulation not possible.

HAMSTRING STRAINMost

frequently strained muscles in the body & are typically caused by rapid contraction of muscle during ballistic action/ violent stretch.

RUNNERS KNEE

CAUSES : Over pronation Weak quadriceps Incorrect/ worn shoes Over training

CRAMP

RUNNERS

cause of cramps is

Occurs as lack of stretching/ loosening of muscles Occur from dehydration/ electrolyte deficiency shallow breathing which ultimately leads to a lack of oxygen. cramps is eating too much / not enough before a race or workout. Some foods that take longer to digest could be in your stomach for hours &will likely make their presence known if you chose to eat & run.

SIDE STITCHExercise-induced

abdominal pain

Cramp

of the diaphragm muscle

Occurs

with fast running & uncomfortable breathing requires breathing out fully rather than panting

Treatment

PERONEAL TENDONITIS

TREATMENT : Immobilization Medications Physical therapy Bracing

ACHILLES TENDONITISDefinition :

Inflammation of the Achilles tendon most often occurring at the insertion on the back of the heel.

TOTAL RUPTURE OF ACHILLES TENDINITISCommon in older men who are recreational athletes.

CALF STRETCHES

ANKLE SPRAIN

CAUSES: Running on uneven surface. Foot imbalance Over pronation

PLANTAR FASCITIS/ HEEL PAIN

The Plantar Fascia is a broad, thick band of tissue that runs from under the heel to the front of the foot

PLANTAR FASCITIS/ HEEL PAIN

DEFINITION : Inflammation of plantar fascia most often occurring at the origin on the heel (inside edge).

TREATMENTS OF PLANTAR FASCIITIS

METATARSAL STRESS FRACTURE

CAUSES :Abnormal

concentration of stress Bones insufficiently strong Abnormal foot structure / mechanics.

HIP BURSITIS

REHABILITATION :Icing ,

NSAIDs , rest , u / s , IFT . Strengthening of hip abductors . Stretching for ITB , hip flexor , hamstring , gluteus .

GROIN PAIN

TREATMENT:

Phase I : Static adductor exercise Abdominal curls Phase II : Gluteal leg raise Single leg squats Slide board skating

PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN SYNDROME

ACL INJURY

MANAGEMENT : CPRICE CROM within pain free limits CStrengthening exercises CCV fitness CBalance & proprioception CFunctional activities.

C

POSTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT INJURY

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS : Milder cases : Intense pain & sense of stretching . Total rupture : characteristic pop / snap is felt . Effusion & hemarthrosis occur rapidly .

MENISCAL INJURY

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS: o Localized pain & joint line tenderness. o Pain will occur on rotation & extreme flexion of knee (deep knee squats) o May experience popping, grinding/clicking sensation

PREPATELLAR BURSITIS

TREATMENT : Ice therapy A compressive wrap NSAIDs Avoid activities that irritate the condition Corticosteroid injections.

POPLITEAL CYST Baker

cyst is swelling caused by fluid from the knee joint protruding to the back of the knee. When an excess of knee joint fluid is compressed by the body weight between the bones of the knee joint, it can become trapped & separate from the joint to form the fluid-filled sac of a Baker cyst.

OSGOOD SCHLATTERS DISEASE

TREATMENT: vReduce running & jumping activities vIcing vStretching quads.

OSTEOARTHRITIS

DEFINITION :Osteoarthritis

(also called degenerative joint disease) is the degradation and degeneration of this articular cartilage

ATHLETES FOOT

CAUSES : Due to excessive sweat. Fungi thrive in warm, moist environments . Not changing your socks . A common port of infection is in changing rooms in the gym as this condition can spread between individuals.

BLISTERS

Blisters can occur anywhere on the foot but they are more likely to occur on the toes & the sole of the foot due to friction & traction forces.

VERRUCA (WARTS)

HAGLUND DEFORMITY Is

a bony enlargement on the back of the heel. The soft tissue near the Achilles tendon becomes irritated when the bony enlargement rubs against shoes. This often leads to painful bursitis, which is an inflammation of the bursa (a fluid-filled sac between the tendon and bone).

FLAT FEET

CAUSES : COver pronation CHereditary factors

TURF TOETurf toe can occur after a very vigorous upward bending of the big toe

SEVERSDISEASE/APOPHYSITIS CALCANEI

TREATMENT: Rest Icing, NSAIDs Heel lifts, heel cups Strapping the foot Flexibility exercise Strengthening exercise

NEUROMA

MORTONS

SYMPTOMS: 1. Numbness / tenderness in the foot 2. Pain, numbness, burning & tingling sensations can radiate around the foot. 3. Severe pain may be present at weight bearing.

METATARSALGIA

Mechanism of Injury : qFaulty distribution of weight on the forefoot. qSudden trauma

ENTRAPMENT NEUROPATHIESFemoral

Neuropathy Sciatic Neuropathy Meralgia Paresthetica Common Peroneal Neuropathy Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome Tibial nerve entrapment Sural nerve entrapment Distal Peroneal Neuropathy

COMPARTMENT SYNDROMES Exertional

compartment syndrome deep posterior compartment (2030%)

Lateral

compartment(1020%) Anterior compartment syndrome (50-60%)

HOW TO AVOID INJURYProper shoes

Warm-up

Training methods

Stretching

Muscle strengthening

SIDELINE PREPARATION FOR TEAM PHYSICIAN

GOAL : Adequate onsite medical care & the safety of every athlete . This goal can be accomplished by intergrading medical systems that include Preseason planning Game - day planning & Post - season evaluation

DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS & ATHLETICSReasons for taking supplements: Recommended by family member/friend Recommended by coach/trainer Recommended by nutritionist/dietician Recommended by physician/pharmacist Inadequate diet Improve athletic performance

Contd.Feel

better/increased energy levels Prevent illness Prevent disease Build muscle

THE AGING ATHLETE: RISKS & BENEFITS OF EXERCISEPhysiological changes of cardiopulmonary system that affect exercise. Decline in cardiac output Decline in max. HR Decline in VO2 max Decrease capillary- muscle peripheral blood flow Decrease myocardial muscle mass.

Physiological changes in MS that affect exercise after age 50. Decreased collagen water content Decreased lean body/muscle mass Decreased strength Decreased type II muscle fibres Decreased type IX articular cartilage Increased body fat

SOME BASIC TIPSCDo not increase mileage by more than 10% a week. CDo not run more that 45 miles a week. CDo not run / stand on uneven surfaces. CDo not run on sand. CDo not run through pain. CIce often. CChange your running shoes every 450 miles. CWork regularly on strengthening.