BTS 1013INTRODUCTION TO LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS GRAMMATICAL ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE :

SYNTAX

WHAT IS SYNTAX ? The study of the principles and rules for constructing

sentence in natural languages.

The part of grammar that represents a speaker s

knowledge of sentences and their structures.

What the Syntax Rules Do? Combine words into phrases and phrases into sentences. The rules specify the correct word order for a language. Example : 1. Aliff buy a new laptop. ( It is grammatical because the words occur in the right the right order. ) 2. Laptop buy Aliff new a. ( It is ungrammatical because the word order is incorrect. )

The syntax rules also describe the relationship between the meaning of a particular group of words and the arrangement of it.

For example : 1. He burps what he means. 2. He means what he burps.

Contain the same words, But the meaning are different.

y It is also specify the grammatical relations of a sentences such as

subject and direct object. Examples : Nadzmu chase his best friend, Syasya.y The rules of syntax also specify other constrains that sentences must

adhere to.

Hierarchical Structure This hierarchical structure shows the arrangement of words in sentences. Sentence : 1.(Synthetic buffalo) hides. 2. Synthetic (buffalo hides).

synthetic

buffalo

hides

synthetic

buffalo

hides

CONSTITUENT AND CONSTITUENCY TEST Natural grouping of a sentence is called constituent.. Here we include three type of test that we have done

to reveal constituent in a sentence . the stand alone test if a word can stand alone it can be a constituent .. Example: Found a ghost.

This word found a can`t stand alone

This word a ghost can stand alone

y REPLACEMENT BY PRONOUNS y PRONOUNS CAN SUBSTITUE NATURAL GROUPy EXAMPLE : Where did you found the baboon?

I found it in the car park.

substitute the baboon

y MOVE AS A UNIT y if a group of word can be move it can be constituent y example : it was a baboon that Abu found..

a baboon was found by Abu

y The arrangement of word shows the constituent

structure y Example: the baboon played in the garden.. y This sentence can be shows as hierarchical

the baboon played

in

the

garden