system architecture vs optimization - ubc ecebeznosov/seeds/talks/2003/vladimir... · fuselage...
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Space:Space:System ArchitectureSystem Architecturevs Optimizationvs Optimization
Vladimir GrebenyukRaytheon Canada Limited
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Space: The Space: The First StepsFirst Steps
October 4,1957April 12, 1961July 20, 1969April 12, 1981May 15, 1987Nov. 15, 1988… 2003 ?
19571957
Sputnik
Sputnik 2
Vanguard Vladimir Grebenyuk
19581958 Sputnik 3
SputnikSputnik 2Vanguard failureSecond Vanguard
Explorer 1
Vladimir Grebenyuk
The RaceThe Race“Our Germans versus their Germans” ?
Vladimir Grebenyuk
System Architecture System Architecture -- Divide & ConquerDivide & Conquer
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Glider: Decomposition of the Form
Glider
Wing
...Fuselage Stabilizer
Body Cockpit Landing Gear Vertical stabilizer
Horizontal stabilizer
Pilot Seating
Controls
Instruments
Windshield
Front gear Rear gear
Wheel
Wheel Well
Well Lid
Retracting mechanism
Fin
Rudder
Frame
Shell
Fixed
Elevator
Decomposition and Structural Model of the Client-Server code
Client-Serverimport java.net.*;import java.io.*;
public class KnockKnockServer {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;try {
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(4444);} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Could not listen on port: 4444.");System.exit(1);
}
Socket clientSocket = null;try {
clientSocket = serverSocket.accept();} catch (IOException e) {
System.err.println("Accept failed.");System.exit(1);
}
PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true);BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream()));
String inputLine, outputLine;KnockKnockProtocol kkp = new KnockKnockProtocol();
outputLine = kkp.processInput(null);out.println(outputLine);
while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {outputLine = kkp.processInput(inputLine);out.println(outputLine);if (outputLine.equals("Bye."))
break;}out.close();in.close();clientSocket.close();serverSocket.close();
}}
Block 4Block 1 Block 2 Block 3 Block 5 Block 6
S tru c tu ra lE le m e n t
S tru c tu ra l R e la tio n s
B lo c k 1 I s lo c a te d in th e b e g in n in g o f th e c o d e
B lo c k 2 F o llo w s B lo c k 1 a n d p re c e d e s B lo c k 3
B lo c k 3 F o llo w s B lo c k 2 a n d p re c e d e s B lo c k 4
B lo c k 4 F o llo w s B lo c k 3 a n d p re c e d e s B lo c k 5
B lo c k 5 F o llo w s B lo c k 4 a n d p re c e d e s B lo c k 6
B lo c k 6 F o llo w s B lo c k 5 – e n d s th e c o d e
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Glider: Structural Model
Glider
FuselageWing Stabilizer
Body Cockpit Vertical stabilizer
Horizontal stabilizer
Front gear Rear gearFin Rudder
ShellFrame
Landing Gear
Longitudinalelement
Lateralelement
ShellFrame
Longitudinalelement
Lateralelement
Vladimir Grebenyuk
From Function to Form through ConceptFrom Function to Form through Concept
Form
Func
tion
Concept
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Glider: Zoom in Layer 1
Wing
Internal Structure
External Surface
Ailerons Flaps ...
Structural Support Creating
Lift Lift
RollControl
Flying
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Wing: Emergence of the External Function
Wing
Creating Differential Pressure
Lift
External Surface
Airfoil
Upper Surface
Lower Surface
!
Air Flow + Flow Velocity -Air Pressure
Air Flow+
Flow VelocityAir Pressure
!
Flying
-
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Concepts (Patterns) in the Design
travel in the airHigh-level concept
heavier than air lighter than air
motored
motorless
wingless
moving wing
fixed wing
The Glider
Mid-levelconcepts
Instantiation
glider
hangglider
Class
Lower-level concepts
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Concepts (Patterns) in the Design
NAVIGATIONHigh-level concept
celestial radio
astrolabe
sextant
The Sextant
Mid-levelconcepts
Lower-level concepts Instantiation
inertial
quadrantSpecializes
into
Class
Vladimir Grebenyuk
System Architecture System Architecture -- A Holistic ApproachA Holistic Approach
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Automated ATM System ArchitectureAutomated ATM System ArchitectureATMS Reference Architecture
Navigation Cluster
Surveillance Cluster
♦ radar data input ♦ plot filtering ♦ tracking ♦ radar weather ♦ RT quality control ♦ADS/B
Flight
♦ flight plan ♦ clearance ♦ trajectory profile
ATC ClusterFlight Management ToolsTraffic Management Tools
Vladimir Grebenyuk
CNC/ATM InfluencersCNC/ATM Influencers
Free Flight
ATMSATMS
VTOL
Navaids
ADS-B
GPS
Middleware
Software
?
TCASCPDLC
RadarsAirspace Avionics
HardwareSystemLevel
DomainLevel
IndustryLevel
Vladimir Grebenyuk
CNS/ATM CNS/ATM -- HighHigh--Level ViewLevel View
ATMS&
ATC-Sim
Air Traffic
NAVAIDS
ATC Agency
CNS/ATM
Beneficiaries
Needs:
Environment
Trainees
RDPS
GPS
CPDLC
COMMS
Product
Developing RCL-RF
National Economy
Competition
Technology
Regulations
Security
Legal
Environment
Society
Shareholder
Workforce
Vladimir Grebenyuk
CNS/ATM CNS/ATM -- Holistic FrameworkHolistic Framework
ATMS&
ATC-Sim
Air Traffic
NAVAIDS
Agency
CNS/ATM
Customers
Needs
Training
RDPS
GPS
CPDLC
COMMS
Product
DevelopingEnterprise
Global Economy
International Relationships
National Economy
Competition
Technology
Regulations
Security
Legal
Environment
Society
Shareholder
General PublicNature
Intellectual Property
Workforce
Vladimir Grebenyuk
The Final FrontierThe Final Frontier
Comparative technical specification:Comparative technical specification:Space ShuttleSpace Shuttle EnergiaEnergia--BuranBuran
123,00025,00037,2523.80
18.3x4.615,0785,440
220Non/a
105,00030,00036.3723.92
18.6x4.714,86617,600
450Yes
103,000
Total structure (kg)Max payload (kg)Length (m)Wingspan (m)Cargo bay (m)Orbit engine thrust (kgf)Orbit engine impulse (s)Maximal orbit (km)Automatic landingNon-orbiter payload (kg)
19591959
19681968
Buran-Energia
The CarrierThe Carrier
ENERGIAENERGIA”Pure Energy””Pure Energy”
May 15, 1987
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Vladimir Grebenyuk
FlightFlight
Stages
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Race to the Moon: the StartRace to the Moon: the Start
Vladimir Grebenyuk
Vladimir Grebenyuk
special delivery
Is There Place For Optimization ?Is There Place For Optimization ?
Problem SettingProblem SettingAntenna, installed on a moving vessel, does not allow use of a fixed orientation. Moving water under the vessel also makes it impossible to use a rigid tracking algorithm (i.e. one with no feedback loop).
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Tracking PhaseTracking Phase
Tracking is performed in a “quasi-rectangular” pattern.
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‘Star’ Track‘Star’ Track
One can expect further improvement with an attempt to approach the source of the signal even closer, or even intercept it.This approach proved to be correct.Antenna moves in a ‘star’-like pattern.
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Analysis Analysis
These results can be explained by looking at the radio-signal distribution diagram.The higher the area we are working in, the flatter the signal level.“a” is an area of the rectangular track“b” is an area of the ‘star’ track
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
-10 -5 0 5 10
a
b
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The Perfect BlendThe Perfect Blend
GalileoGalileo
mid-1970s: Jupiter Orbiter Probe study 1977: mission approved by NASA1982: planned launchJanuary 1986: planned shuttle launch (direct to Jupiter)October 18, 1989: launch from Atlantis
Conclusion …
System Architecture• should be flexible enough to accommodate optimization of the local parameters
Optimization• should serve as a tool to implement architectural ideas
The perfect blend of System Approach and Optimization
Websites:http://www.iki.rssi.ruhttp://www.space.hobby.ru http://www.russianspaceweb.comhttp://history.msfc.nasa.govhttp://www.nasa.govhttp://www.jpl.nasa.govhttp://www.thespacereview.comhttp://www.systemsguild.comhttp://www.mit.edu
The Sources :The Sources :
Books:Rechtin, E. Systems Architecting:
Creating and Building Complex Systems. Prentice-Hall, 1991
Rechtin, E. and Maier, M. The Art of Systems Architecting. CRC Press, 1996
Rechtin, E. Systems Architecting of Organizations: Why Eagles Can’t Swim. CRC Press, 2000
Schefter, James. Space Race.CRC Press, 2001
Thank YouThank You !!Vladimir Grebenyuk Software Technical Authority Raytheon Canada Limited
2003 Air Defense Systems 1996 - 2002 Air Traffic Management /ATC Sim1994 - 1995 Satellite Telecommunication 1983 - 1993 Energia-Buran Space System 1980 - 1982 Aerodynamic Research Laboratory1980 Master of Aeronautical Eng.,
Kharkiv Aviation Institute, Ukraine