system dynamics (should) incorporate evolutionary psychology

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System dynamics (should) incorporate evolutionary psychology System Dynamics: Dynamics of systems containing humans as "components". It tries to model (the results of) human interactions within a (somehow) defined system. System dynamics was created during the mid- 1950s by Jay Forrester, MIT. He first applied it to successfully solve perplexing oscillations in employment at a company. SD has developed into a parallel academic subculture to the much bigger activity control engineering, which is used for technical

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System dynamics (should) incorporate evolutionary psychology. System Dynamics: Dynamics of systems containing humans as "components". It tries to model (the results of) human interactions within a (somehow) defined system. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: System dynamics (should) incorporate evolutionary psychology

System dynamics (should) incorporate evolutionary

psychologySystem Dynamics:• Dynamics of systems containing humans as

"components". It tries to model (the results of) human interactions within a (somehow) defined system.

• System dynamics was created during the mid-1950s

by Jay Forrester, MIT. He first applied it to successfully solve perplexing oscillations in employment at a company.

• SD has developed into a parallel academic subculture to the much bigger activity control engineering, which is used for technical systems.

Page 2: System dynamics (should) incorporate evolutionary psychology

• SD assumes that humans make rational decisions if they have reasonably correct information and understanding of the boundaries, structure and interactions of the system under question.

• SD also recognises that «components» change properties when they are aware of the system they inhabit (example: epidemics, blood feuds), as opposed to a system with non-thinking components.

• The above is necessary for rational decision-making.• … but I will argue – based on evolutionary

psychology - that SD is not sufficient!• But first, about SD, explained through an example:

Page 3: System dynamics (should) incorporate evolutionary psychology

System dynamics example: Should one increase road capacity to reduce

congestion?

A “causal diagram”

[From John Sterman: Business Dynamics (McGraw Hill, 2000) ]

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“-but system dynamics recognises bounded rationality”!

[From John Sterman: Business Dynamics (McGraw Hill, 2000) ]:

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… men så:

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So, when all decision makers agree to discuss based on a valid SD model, will a rational

decision be made?Enter evolutionarypsychology (“EP”):

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… a rational decision won’t necessarily be made!

• Controversies about EP exist, but it is widely agreed that some problematic in-built mental traits were favourable in producing descendants in a stone age setting.

• … hard-wired into us by evolution over tens of thousands of generations. Evolutionary selection does not apply only below the neck.

• First, for balance, some nice traits: empathy, loyalty, self-sacrifice, caring for children, curiosity, sociality, cooperativity. All contributed to having descendants that could have further descendants.

• BUT: aggression, selfishness, narcissism (we want to be noticed), greed, climbing strategies (suck up to the alphas, dump on your rivals), intrigues, herd mentality, need to be right at any cost, hostility to the outgroup, manipulativeness and cheating.

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... (continued)

• But it will help very much if our common problematic in-built mental traits were broadly recognised and openly discussed …

• … even during decision processes (whew!)• This is obviously not easy for most of us…• But it has to be done, since humans need this to

make more rational decisions.• One step in this direction is to include

evolutionary psychology in system dynamics.• BUT: Assuming that this is a wise move, this will be

especially painful for many professions - among others: academics!

Page 13: System dynamics (should) incorporate evolutionary psychology

• Grunnet teknologisk framgang og ditto økende produktivitet kan en stadig større andel av yrkesbefolkninga leve av å skrive og «å snakke»: universiteter, «profesjonalisert» politikk, jus, mediene, underholdning, reklame og «kommunikasjon».

• Forestill deg en horisontal linje, med «håndverkere» i den ene enden og «snakkere» i den andre. Hvem er mest opptatte av å «bli sett»?

snekker

flyger

kirurg

kassa-ansatt

sjåfør

pleierbonde

renholder

kontorslaveregnskap

ingeniørjournalist

politiker

reklamefolk

akademiker innen humaniora

lærer

advokat

akademiker innen teknologi

(fra nå av, norsk:) “Skravleklassen”: økende innflytelse,

problematiske trekk

poetbilledkunstner

musiker

H S

MEG!

Page 14: System dynamics (should) incorporate evolutionary psychology

• De som er langt til høyre på aksen er mer avhengige av å besitte anerkjennelse eller «kulturell kapital» (a la Bourdieu) enn de til venstre, fordi de ikke framstår som umiddelbart verdifulle eller nyttige gjennom det de gjør.

• De må derfor høste anerkjennelse (akkumulere og holde på prestisje) gjennom ikke-materielle strategier. Det er et strev etter å «bli sett».

• Kulturell k. er flyktig. Dette skaper utrygghet.

“Skravleklassen”: økende innflytelse, problematiske trekk

Page 15: System dynamics (should) incorporate evolutionary psychology

• Mitt «framtidssamfunn»: Vi kan åpent snakke om andres mulige vikarierende motiver, også i forsamlinger og i mediene. Men vi er avslappa og humoristiske, og vedgår også egen dårskap når andre peker på den. «Krenking» er ikke lenger noe man kan påberope seg.

• Samtidig er det jo personer fra skravleklassen som kontroller arenaene for offentlig samtale, og som har de største ferdigheter i å benytte disse.

• Hvis evolusjonspsykologiske innsikter om våre innebyggede dårskaps-tilbøyeligheter i større grad bør prege menneskelig interaksjon privat og i samfunnet, kan vi da forvente at slike som har mest «ansikt å tape» på ei slik utvikling, og samtidig styrer og tar mest plass i den offentlige samtale og på dens arenaer, er villige til å hjelpe til å fremme ei slik utvikling?