SystemsEngineeringLectureI&II

WhatisSystemsEngineering?•  Thefunc.onofsystemengineeringistoguidetheengineeringofcomplexsystems.

•  System:Asetofinterrelatedelementsthatinteractwithoneanotherinanorganizedfashiontowardacommonaim.Theseelementsincludeproducts,process,people,informa.on,techniques,facili.es,services,andothersupportelements.

•  Guide:Tolead,manageordirect,usuallybasedonsuperiorexperienceinpursuingagivencoursetoshowtheway.

•  Engineering:Theapplica.onofscien.ficprinciplestoprac.calends;asthedesign,construc.onandopera.onofefficientandeconomicalstructures,equipmentandsystems.

WhatisSystemsEngineering?•  Thefunc.onofsystemengineeringistoguidetheengineeringofcomplexsystems.

•  Complex:Restrictsthedefini.ontosystemsinwhichelementsarediverseandhavecomplicatedrela.onshipwithoneanother.

•  Acomplexengineeredsystemsiscomposedofamul.plicityofcomplexlyinterrelateddiverseelements.Requiressystemsengineeringtoleaditsdevelopment.

WhatisSystemsEngineering?•  SystemEngineering:isthedefini.on,design,developmentandmaintenanceoffunc.onal,reliable,andtrustworthysystemswithincostand.meconstraints.

•  Systemengineeringisanintegralpartofprojectmanagementthatplansandguidestheengineeringeffort

•  thepartthatisconcernedwiththeengineeringeffortitself,seMngitsobjec.ves,guidingitsexecu.on,evalua.ngtheresults,andprescribingnecessarycorrec.veac.onstokeepitoncourse

Whataretheengineeringdesignprocess?1.  Defineproblem2.  Analyzetheproblem3.  Generatealterna.ves4.  Evaluatethealterna.ves5.  Selectthepreferreddesign6.  Implementanddesign

Whataretheapproachfundamentalsteps?1.  Problemdefini.on2.  SystemIden.fica.on3.  Modelformula.on4.  Solu.onprocedure5.  Solu.onvalida.on6.  Implementa.on

SystemEngineering(SE)•  Du.es(Responsibili.es):SEismanagementtechnologytoassistclientsthroughtheformula.on,analysis,andinterpreta.onoftheimpactsofproposedpolicies,controls,orcompletesystemsupontheneedperspec.ves,ins.tu.onperspec.ves,andvalueperspec.vesofstakeholderstoissueunderconsidera.on.

•  Func.on:SEisanappropriatecombina.onofthemethodsandtoolsofsystemsengineering,madepossiblethroughuseofasuitablemethodologyandsystemsmanagementprocedures,inausefulprocess-orientedseMngthatisappropriatefortheresolu.onofreal-worldproblems,o\enoflargescaleandscope.

SystemEngineering(SE)•  Purpose:ThepurposeofSEisinforma.onandknowledgeorganiza.onthatwillassistclientswhodesiretodefine,develop,anddeploytotalsystemstoachieveahighstandardofoverallquality,integrity,andintegra.onasrelatedtoperformance,trustworthiness,reliability,availabilityandmaintainabilityoftheresul.ngsystem.

Deploy=Makingsomethingwithusefulandeffec9veac9onTrustworthy=Reliableandsafe

WhatisSE?•  SystemsEngineeringisaninterdisciplinaryapproachandmeanstoenabletherealiza.onofsuccessfulsystems.

•  Itfocusesondefiningcustomerneedsandrequiredfunc.onalityearlyinthedevelopmentcycle,documen.ngrequirements,thenproceedingwithdesignsynthesisandsystemvalida.onwhileconsideringthecompleteproblem:•  Opera.ons•  Performance•  Test•  Manufacturing•  Cost&Schedule•  Training&Support•  Disposal(def:theac9onorprocessofgeAngridofsomething)

WhatisSE?•  SEintegratesotherdisciplinesandspecialtygroupsintoateameffort,formingastructureddevelopmentprocessthatproceedsfromconcepttoproduc.ontoopera.onanddisposal.SEconsidersboththebusinessandthetechnicalneedsofallcustomers,withthegoalofprovidingaqualityproductthatmeetstheuserneeds.

SEVs.TraditionalEngineeringDisciplines•  SEdiffersfrommechanical,electrical,aerospace,petroleum,miningandotherengineeringdisciplinesinseveralimportantways.

1.  SEisfocusedonthesystemasawhole–itemphasizesitstotalopera9on:•  Looksatthesystemfromtheoutsideaswellastheinside•  Interac9onswithothersystemsandtheenvironment•  Concernedwithnotonlyengineeringdesignbutalsoexternalfactors

SEVs.TraditionalEngineeringDisciplines2.  EventhoughtheprimarypurposeofSEistoguide,systems

engineersplayakeyroleinsystemdesign

3.  SEbridgesbridgesthetradi9onaltheengineeringdisciplinesengineeringdisciplines

SEVs.ProjectManagement•  Theengineeringofanewcomplexsystemusuallybeginswithanexploratorystageinwhichanewsystemconceptisevolvedtomeetarecognizedneedortoexploitatechnologicalopportunity.

•  Whenthedecisionismadetoengineerthenewconceptintoanopera.onalsystem,theresul.ngeffortisinherentlyamajorenterprise,whichtypicallyrequiresmanypeople,withdiverseskills,todevoteyearsofefforttobringthesystemfromconcepttoopera.onaluse.

exploit:makefulluseofandderivebenefitfromEnterprise:aproject,especiallyaboldorcomplexone.

SEVs.ProjectManagement•  Themagnitudeandcomplexityoftheefforttoengineeranewsystemrequiresadedicatedteamtoleadandcoordinateitsexecu.on.Suchanenterpriseiscalleda“project”andisdirectedbyaprojectmanageraidedbyastaff.

•  SEisaninherentpartofprojectmanagement•  thepartthatisconcernedwiththeengineeringeffortitself,seMngitsobjec.ves,guidingitsexecu.on,evalua.ngtheresults,andprescribingnecessarycorrec.veac.onstokeepitoncourse.

RelationshipbetweenSEandProjectManagement•  Thereisagreatdealofsignificantoverlapbetweenthescopeofsystemsengineeringandthescopeofprojectmanagement.

•  Thesystemsengineerworkingonaprojectwillplan,monitor,confrontrisk,anddeliverthetechnicalaspectsoftheproject,whiletheprojectmanagerisconcernedwiththesamekindsofac.vi.esfortheoverallproject.

Confront:faceuptoanddealwith(aproblemordifficulty).

RelationshipbetweenSEandProjectManagement•  Becauseofthesesharedconcerns,at.mestheremaybeconfusionandtensionbetweentherolesoftheprojectmanagerandthesystemsengineeronagivenproject.

•  AsshowninFigure,onsomeprojects,thereisnooverlapinresponsibility.

•  Onotherprojects,theremaybesharedresponsibili.esforplanningandmanagingac.vi.es.

•  Insomecases,par.cularlyforsmallerprojects,theprojectmanagermayalsobetheleadtechnicalmemberoftheteamperformingbothrolesofprojectmanagerandsystemsengineer.

DeDiningRolesandResponsibilities•  Regardlessofhowtherolesaredivideduponagivenproject,thebestwaytoreduceconfusionistoexplicitlydescribetherolesandresponsibili.esoftheprojectmanagerandthesystemsengineer,aswellasotherkeyteammembers.

•  TheProjectManagementPlan(PMP)andtheSystemsEngineeringManagementPlan(SEMP)arekeydocumentsusedtodefinetheprocessesandmethodologiestheprojectwillemploytobuildanddeliveraproductorservice.

DeDiningRolesandResponsibilities•  ThePMPisthemasterplanningdocumentfortheproject.Itdescribesallac.vi.es,includingtechnicalac.vi.es,tobeintegratedandcontrolledduringthelifeoftheprogram.

•  TheSEMPisthemasterplanningdocumentforthesystemsengineeringtechnicalelements.ItdefinesSEprocessesandmethodologiesusedontheprojectandtherela.onshipofSEac.vi.estootherprojectac.vi.es.

•  Note:SEMPissubpartofPMP.

OriginofSE•  NospecificdatecanbeassociatedwiththeoriginsofSE

•  SEprincipleshavebeenprac.cedatsomelevelsincebuildingofthepyramids&probablybefore.

•  Recogni.onofSEasadis.nctdisciplineiso\enassociatedwiththeeffectsofWWII

•  Esp.1950’s&1960’swiththepublica.onoftextbooksonSE

OriginofSE•  Ingeneral,SEasadisciplineevolvedasaresultofrapidgrowthoftechnology&itsapplica.ontomilitary&commercialopera.onsduringthe2ndhalfofthe20thcentury•  Highperformanceaircra\•  Militaryradar•  GermanV1&V2missiles•  Atomicbomb

•  Thesewerecomplexsystemsthatrevolu.onizedtheapplica.onofenergy,materials&info;requiredmul.pledisciplines;poseddevelopmentalchallenges;compresseddevelopment.meschedulesduetowar.meimpera.veslettoSEtomeetthesechallenges

OriginofSE•  Duringthecoldwarofthe1950’s–70’smilitaryrequirementscon.nuedtodrivethegrowthoftechnology•  Jetpropulsion•  Controlsystems•  Materials•  Solid-stateelectronics•  Digitalcomputer&associatedso\ware•  Replacementofhumancontroltoautoma.on•  Computercontrolincreasingcomplexityofsystems

OriginofSE•  Therela.onofmodernSEtoitsoriginscanbeunderstoodintermsofthreebasicfactors:

1.   Advancingtechnology:providesopportuni.esforincreasingsystemcapabili.es,butintroducesdevelopmentrisksthatrequireSE•  Risks•  Growthofautoma.on

2.   Compe66on:requireseekingsuperior&moreadvancedsystemsolu.onsthrutheuseofsystems-level(trade-offs)

3.   Specializa6on:requirespar..oningofthesystemintobuildingblocksthatcanbedesignedandbuiltbyspecialists,andstrictmanagementoftheirinterfacesandinterac.ons

ExamplesofsystemsrequiringSENon-Complexsystem:Thegenericdefini.onofasystem“asetofinterrelatedcomponentsworkingtogetherasanintegratedwholetoachievesomecommonobjec.ve”fitsmostfamiliarappliances.

•  Washingmachine•Refrigerator•Microwaveoven•Dishwasher•Vacuumcleaner•Radio•Television

•  However,theseappliancesinvolveonly1or2disciplines,&thedesignisbasedonwell-establishedtechnology.

•  Thustheyfailthecriterionofbeingcomplex.

ExamplesofsystemsrequiringSE•  Complexsystem:Sincethedevelopmentofmodernsystemsisstronglydrivenbytechnology,weshalladdonemorecharacteris.ctoasystemrequiringSE,i.e.someofitskeyelementsuseadvancedtechnology.

ExamplesofsystemsrequiringSE•  Thecharacteris.csofasystemwhosekeydevelopment,test,andapplica.onrequiretheprac.ceofSEarethatthesystem:

1.  Isanengineeredproductandhencesa.sfiesaspecifiedneed

2.  Consistsofdiversecomponentsthathaveintricaterela.onshipswithoneanotherandhenceismul.-disciplinaryandrela.velycomplex

3.  Usesadvancedtechnologyinwaysthatarecentraltotheperformanceofitsprimaryfunc.onsandhenceinvolvesdevelopmentriskando\enrela.velyhighcost

ExamplesofsystemsrequiringSE

ExamplesofsystemsrequiringSE