system impact study using digsilent powerfactory...basic concepts of digsilent. create a simple...
TRANSCRIPT
8/4/2016 1
SYSTEM IMPACT STUDY USING DIgSILENT
PowerFactory
Hands-on modeling sessions
Pramod Jain
Innovative Wind Energy, Inc.
http://i-windenergy.com
1 August 2016
Indonesia Clean Energy Development
SESSION 1
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• Install PF
INSTALL PF
• Activation of PowerFactory 2016:
• To activate the license, please follow these steps:
– Start the “LicenceManager” tool of your PowerFactory 2016 installation. A short-cut is available in the Windows-Start Menu.
• In the LicenceManager, select “Activate License”
• Enter the Activation Key (25-character-string) as provided within the License Agreement.
• JBG4Q-PLJFN-3PPYT-ASGUS-JPMSX
SESSION 2
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• Create a project
• Basic concepts of DIgSILENT
• Create a 2-bus model
• Run load flow
• Scenario
• Basic function buttons
CREATE A PROJECT
• Objective: Set nominal frequency, project settings, base MVA, deactivate – activate project
• Project: A complete model of the network
• A project consists of grid, grid data, list of study cases and their settings, list of scenarios and their settings, project related settings, user-defined model library, and others.
• To create a new project : File > New > Project.
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CREATE A PROJECT
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PLNExample1
CREATE A PROJECT
• Name the grid
• Set the nominal frequency
• Specify the owner name
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• Element types:
– Template with specifications that several elements of the type will use
– Example: If a grid has five 25 MW generators from the same manufacturer, we would define one generator type. All give generators would use this type
• Database
– Everything about the project is saved in a DB
• Visual representation
– Separate from DB. For example, we could have entire network defined in DB, but cannot see. Visual representation is needed only to see the network
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BASIC CONCEPTS OF DIgSILENT
CREATE A SIMPLE MODEL: EXERCISE 1
• Objective: Draw bus, draw gen, create gen type, draw a transmission line, create a TL type, draw a transformer global, create transformer type, draw load, reference generator
• Many elements in any model are:
– Generators
– Bus Bars
– Transformers
– Transmission line
– Load
• Let’s draw a two bus model
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CREATE A SIMPLE MODEL
CREATE A BUSBAR
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• Each bus element has a busbar type with nominal voltage of the bus.
• A busbar type can be used for multiple bus with same specification.
CREATE A SIMPLE MODEL
CREATE A BUSBAR TYPE
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CREATE A SIMPLE MODEL
CREATE A GENERATOR
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CREATE A SIMPLE MODEL
CREATE A GENERATOR TYPE
• Basic data used to define the nominal rating parameters
• Detail specifications like Xd, X’, X’’, H and so on can be specified in
RMS-Simulation tab
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CREATE A SIMPLE MODEL
CREATE A GENERATOR TYPE
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CREATE A SIMPLE MODEL
DISPATCH A GENERATOR
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CREATE A SIMPLE MODEL
WHAT IS A REFERENCE GENERATOR?
• In load flow, the generator used to balance the active power and
reactive power is called reference generator.
• It can either supply or absorb active and reactive power into or from
the system.
• Example:
– 3 generators in the grid, one is reference
– For 2 generators, dispatch is specified
– PF computes output of reference generator, based on loads and
losses
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CREATE A SIMPLE MODEL
CREATE A TRANSFORMER
CREATE A SIMPLE MODEL
CREATE A TRANSFORMER TYPE
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CREATE A SIMPLE MODEL
CREATE A TRANSMISSION LINE
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CREATE A SIMPLE MODEL
CREATE A TRANSMISSION LINE TYPE
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CREATE A SIMPLE MODEL
CREATE A LOAD
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CREATE A SIMPLE MODEL
COMPLETE MODEL
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• Objectives: – Run load flow– Show result box – Current, bus voltage,
active power, reactive power, -ve& +ve numbers for gens, -ve & +ve for other elements)
– Change result box. – Output calculation
RUN LOAD FLOW
RESULT BOX AND LOAD FLOW REPORT
• Result box on Buses – can display voltage in kV and p.u.
• Result box on transmission line and transformers – displays active &
reactive power and current
– -ve means power is going into the bus
– +ve means power is coming out of the bus
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RESULT BOX AND LOAD FLOW REPORT
• Result box on Load and Generator - displays active & reactive power
and current
– -ve means power is going into the element
– +ve means power is coming out of the element
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LOAD FLOW REPORT
• Output -> Output Calculation Analysis
• Different load flows report can be created
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ANALYSIS OF LFA RESULTS
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SCENARIOS
• Scenarios are used to define different conditions of a grid.
• It could be high/low wind, wet/dry season, high/low load.
• A scenario is created File > Save Operation Scenario As..
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ACTIVATE-DEACTIVATE SCENARIOS
• Scenarios are activated and deactivated in two ways:
– File > Activate/Deactivate Operation Scenario
– Right click on the scenario > Activate/Deactivate
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BASIC FUNCTION BUTTONS
• Zoom-in
• Switch on-off elements
• Connect-disconnect
• Select multiple elements
• Undo
• Element listing window
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SESSION 3
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• Load Flow Basics
• 3 bus model
• Parallel Elements
• Balance the load and generation in the dispatch sheet
• Run load flow
– Problem 1
– Problem 2
• Short circuit calculation
Power/Load Flow Analysis
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• Objectives: Create a 3–bus model, create type for all elements,
balance dispatch sheet, run load flow, solve issues observed in load flow,
short-circuit analysis.
• Use the PLNexample1.xlsx to built the model
• Following description of multiple tabs:
– GenType – Generator type specification
– TransType – Transformer type specification
– TL – Transmission line element parameters
– TLType – Transmission line type specification
– Load – Peak/Off-peak load values
– Dispatch Sheet – generation dispatch sheet for balancing load flow
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EXERCISE 2
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3–BUS MODEL
• Open the “Dispatch Sheet” tab.
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BALANCE THE LOAD AND GENERATION
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BALANCE THE LOAD AND GENERATION
• Reactive losses are 65 MVAR, which is too high.• How to reduce the reactive losses?
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PROBLEM1
• Double the # of conductors in both transmission lines. • Losses reduce to 28 MVAR.
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SOLUTION TO PROBLEM1
• Voltage on bus 3 is 0.86 p.u. • How to increase the voltage?
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PROBLEM 2
• Add SVS at bus 3
• DEMONSTRATION
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SOLUTION TO PROBLEM 2
• Short-circuit analysis (SCA) is conducted to compute following two
things:
– Short-circuit power ratio (SCPR) to determine the strength of the
grid at the point of common coupling (PCC).
– Short-circuit contribution of the connecting power plant.
• SCA is conducted at the PCC of the new power plant
• SCA is run by right click on the bus > Calculate > Short-circuit
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SHORT-CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
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SHORT-CIRCUIT ANALYSIS
• SCPR is calculated by,
– SCPR = 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡−𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 (𝑀𝑉𝐴)
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑀𝑊)
• Bigger value of SCPR means a “stronger” grid.
• SCPR norms for weak and strong grid are provided in the grid code
• SCPR range according to grid code
– < 10 is considered weak grid and improvement is needed at that
bus
– Between 10 -20 is acceptable range
– > 20 is a very strong grid
8/4/2016 FOOTER GOES HERE 43
SHORT-CIRCUIT POWER RATIO (SCPR)
• New power plant capacity = 40 MW
• SCPR = 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑟𝑡−𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑖𝑡 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 (𝑀𝑉𝐴)
𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑝𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑐𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 (𝑀𝑊)=
315.4
40
• SCPR = 7.88
8/4/2016 FOOTER GOES HERE 44
SHORT-CIRCUIT POWER RATIO (SCPR)
SESSION 4
• Transient analysis basics
• AVRs and governors
• Create an event
• Create plots
• Problem 3
• Problem 4
• Exporting plots in excel and wmf format.
• Importing user models
Transient Analysis
8/4/2016 IWE 46
• To add AVRs, right click on the gen > Define > Automatic
Voltage Regulator (avr)
• To add Governors, right click on the gen > Define > Governors
and Turbine (gov)
8/4/2016 FOOTER GOES HERE 47
ADDITION OF AVRS AND GOVERNORS
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ADDITION OF AVRS AND GOVERNORS
• In transient analysis, response of the system to a fault is analyzed
• An event is modeled as a fault in the system
• Following events are generally analyzed
– Largest generation loss
– Largest load loss
– WPP or SPP loss
– 3–phase short-circuit transmission line
• Steps on how to create an Event: right click on the element >
Define > Switch Event/ Short-circuit Event/Load Event
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CREATE AN EVENT
• Define when the event occurs
• Action for the event : Open a breaker or close a breaker
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CREATE AN EVENT
• To list all the Events in any given study case, click on the Edit
Simulation Events
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CREATE AN EVENT
• Before running RMS simulation, the model needs to be initialized
• To initialize the model use
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INITIALIZING CONDITIONS
• To plot the results of the transient analysis, RMS variables for each
element must be defined.
• RMS variables can be defined: right click on the element > Define
> Results for RMS/EMT simulation
• Select the required variables from the list.
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DEFINE RMS VARIABLES
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DEFINE RMS VARIABLES
• Finally with all the settings now it is time to run the simulation.
• Click on
• This windows defines length of the simulation.
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RUN TRANSIENT SIMULATION
• After running the simulation observe the results in plots
• To create plots, click on
• In the subplot window, name the subplot
• Select elements and variables to be plotted
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CREATE PLOTS
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CREATE PLOTS
• To change plot settings double-click on the plot
• Settings:
– Limits of X-Y axis
– Linear/log scale
– Auto Scale
– Legends
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MODIFY PLOT SETTINGS
• To add, click on New button
• In the calculation window, select the elements and their variables in the
Operands section
• Specify the arithmetic formula for the operands in the Formula section
• Click on Verify to check the formula
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ARITHMETIC OPERATION ON VARIABLES
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ARITHMETIC OPERATION ON PLOTS
• To increase the font size and change the font of the plots
– right click on the plot > Style > Create new Style
– Name your style
– right click on the plot > Style > Edit style
– Click on the “x-Axis” row > Font, change the font, font size,
precision, etc.
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ADJUST THE PLOT FONT
• See frequency runaway due to low headroom in the system.
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PROBLEM 3
19.94315.93411.9267.91703.9085-0.1000 [s]
1.20
0.90
0.60
0.30
0.00
-0.30
[-]
Bus1: Electrical Frequency
Bus2: Electrical Frequency
Bus3: Electrical Frequency
DIg
SIL
EN
T
• Largest generation loss, Gen 1 = 140 MW
• Other two generators are Gen2, Gen3 = 30, 20 MW
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PROBLEM 3
• Increase the rating of the Gen 2 type to 200 MVA.
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SOLUTION TO PROBLEM 3
• Frequency nadir is not acceptable, per grid code
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PROBLEM 4
19.94315.93411.9267.91703.9085-0.1000 [s]
1.0025
0.9900
0.9775
0.9650
0.9525
0.9400
[-]
Bus1: Electrical Frequency
Bus2: Electrical Frequency
Bus3: Electrical Frequency
DIg
SIL
EN
T
• Add a new generator
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SOLUTION TO PROBLEM 4
• Export image of plots to wmf/bmp format:
– File > Export > Windows MetaFile (*.WMF)/ Windows
Bitmap (*.BMP) OR right-click on the plot > Export to >
Windows MetaFile (*.WMF)/ Windows Bitmap (*.BMP)
• Export plots to Excel:
– right-click on the plot > Export to > Windows Clipboard.
– Select variables which need to be exported and click
Execute
– Open an Excel sheet and paste
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EXPORTING PLOTS
• To export,
– Deactivate the project
– File > Export > Data (*.pfd, *.dz)
– Select the project and define the location to save
– Click Execute.
• To import,
– Deactivate the project
– File > Export > Data (*.pfd, *.dz)
– Select the pfd file and click Execute.
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IMPORT – EXPORT OF MODEL
• Import the WTG model, File > Import > Data (*.pfd, *.dz)
• Copy the model to the existing project,
– Open Data Manager
– Copy the model from imported file
• Library > Templates
– PLNExample1 > Library > Templates
– Paste the model in this folder
• Drawing tools > General Templates
IMPORTING WTG MODEL
– In the Template Window, select the WTGTemplate
– Place it in the grid
– Add a 33 kV bus
– Attach the model to the new bus
– Add transformer from 33kV to 70 kV bus
– 33kV/70kV transformer add specifications
IMPORTING WTG MODEL
SESSION 5• Exercise 4.1: Voltage issue
• Exercise 4.2: Adding WTG model
• Exercise 4.3: Adding PV model
• Import the larger model
• Review the dispatch sheet
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EXERCISE 4.1: LARGER MODEL
• Run the load flow on the model
• Check for high voltages
• Kendari has voltage at 1.052 p.u.
• How do we reduce the voltage?
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PROBLEM 1
• Reduce the power factor of the generator in Kendari
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SOLUTION TO PROBLEM 1
• Select WTG model from template
• Create a 33 kV bus
• Create a 33 kV/ 150 kV transformer
• Connect the transformer to the 201 L Punagaya bus
• Change the number of parallel unit for transformer and WTG model
• Adjust the dispatch
• Check for voltage issues
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EXERCISE 4.2
• Select PV model from template
• Create a 33 kV bus
• Create a 33 kV/ 150 kV transformer
• Connect the transformer to the 3 L Mamuju bus
• Change the number of parallel unit for PV model to 60
• Adjust the dispatch
• Check for voltage issues
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EXERCISE 4.3
SESSION 6• Exercise 4.4: Transient analysis
• Exercise 4.5: WPP loss
• Exercise 4.6: Transmission line loss
• Run generation loss transient analysis
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EXERCISE 4.4
• Frequency runaway
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PROBLEM 1
14.92111.9178.91255.90842.9042-0.1000 [s]
52.50
50.00
47.50
45.00
42.50
40.00
[Hz]
DIg
SIL
EN
T
• Switch on “S-18-PLN-GP” gen to increase the headroom in the
system
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SOLUTION TO PROBLEM 1
15.12712.0829.03615.99082.9454-0.1000 [s]
50.10
49.90
49.70
49.50
49.30
49.10
[Hz]
DIg
SIL
EN
T
• Wind Power Plant loss
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EXERCISE 4.5
17.32413.83910.3546.86963.3848-0.1000 [s]
50.14
50.04
49.94
49.84
49.74
49.64
[Hz]
DIg
SIL
EN
T
• 3-phase short-circuit transmission line fault
• Voltage & Active Power plots
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EXERCISE 4.6
1.86791.47871.08950.70040.3112-0.0779 [s]
90.00
70.00
50.00
30.00
10.00
-10.00
[MW]
WTG 01: Total Active Power
DIg
SIL
EN
T
1.86791.47871.08950.70040.3112-0.0779 [s]
1.50
1.20
0.90
0.60
0.30
0.00
[p.u.]
DIg
SIL
EN
T
Thank You
INDONESIA CLEAN ENERGY DEVELOPMENT II
Implemented by Tetra Tech
Menara Jamsostek, North Tower 14th Floor
Jl. Gatot Subroto No.38 | Jakarta12710 INDONESIA
Main: +62 21 5296 4445 | Fax: +62 21 5296 4446
www.iced.or.id
8/4/2016 83FOOTER GOES HERE
Contact Person:
Pramod Jain, Ph.D., President,
Innovative Wind Energy, Inc.
+1-904-923-6489
http://i-windenergy.com