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Stepping Through Microsoft® Office 2003 – Introductory

Also for use with Business Computer Information

Systems - IPresentation Pro

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What Makes Your Computer Go?

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Types of Computer Systems Multiuser computers

Mainframes Supercomputers Minicomputers Professional workstations

Multiuser computers such as mainframes and professional workstations are

generally used in a large company or government office.

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Types of Systems (cont’d)

Personal computers Apple computers

First available in 1976 User-friendly and

graphics oriented IBM and IBM-compatible

computers First IBM in 1981 IBMs widely used in

office settings Other companies

created IBM clones

Personal computers make it possible for people to use applications not only at work

but at home, at school, while traveling—almost anywhere in the world.

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Hardware Components

____________—physical components of a computer

Hardware includes: _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________

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Hardware Components (cont’d) The system unit includes:

Motherboard _________ _________ _________ _________ Plug-in boards Internal speaker

The motherboard contains the central processing unit (CPU), RAM and ROM

chips, and expansion slots.

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Hardware Components (cont’d)

Input devices include: _____________ _____________ _____________ ________ ________ Pointer or touchpad Graphics tablet

Input devices such as the __________and _______ transfer data into the system unit.

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Hardware Components (cont’d) Output devices include:

__________ __________ __________

Flat-screen monitors save a great deal of room on a workstation or desk.

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Hardware Components (cont’d)

Storage devices include: _________ _______ Secondary storage

devices ________ ________ ________ ________ ____-_____ _______

Flash memory for small, handheld devices

The ______ ______ is the storage device at the heart of most computer systems. Newer hard drives can hold over 40 GB of data.

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Operating Systems

___________ _________—the software that oversees and controls computer operations

A computer needs an operating system to: Pass data to and from memory and peripheral

devices Run programs Maintain the filing system for storage devices Display the user interface

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Operating Systems (cont’d)

Computers run two types of software: ________ software—operating system and utility

programs that operate and maintain computer system

___________ software—programs that allow users to perform specific tasks

The combination of computer system and operating system is the platform

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Operating Systems (cont’d)

Evolution of operating systems: Unix Xerox PARC system MS-DOS Windows MacOS Linux

___________ ________ is currently the most popular operating system in the

world.

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Utility Programs

Utility programs perform “behind the scenes” duties

Utility program duties include: File management Accessibility Communication and entertainment Security

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Utility Programs (cont’d)

File management utilities: Cleaners Error checking Defragmentation File compression Backup

Use a _________ utility to create a copy of data that you can turn to in

case of disaster to restore data.

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Utility Programs (cont’d)

Accessibility utilities: Screen magnifier Screen reader Onscreen keyboard Speech recognition

A utility such as Windows XP’s Magnifier gives a magnified view of

the screen that can help sight-impaired users see screen details.

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Utility Programs (cont’d)

Communication and entertainment utilities: Remote control Small office/home office (SOHO) network setup Internet setup Sound recorder Audio/video file players

Windows’ Sound Recorder utility allows you to record

speech or other sounds to add to presentations or other files.

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Utility Programs (cont’d)

Security utilities: Antivirus Firewalls Data encryption File wiping

McAfee is a popular security utility that allows you to scan for viruses

and set up a personal firewall.

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Putting the Computer to Work

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Application Software

__________ software—programs that allow users to perform specific tasks

Application software can be categorized by: How it is acquired How it is used

Tip

To see what kind of application software is stored on your computer, click the

____ button and then click All Programs.

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Application Software (cont’d) How software is acquired:

Commercial software—sold in retail stores or online, or “bundled” with a new computer

Custom (proprietary) software—developed by programmers for specific users

Shareware—sold in small groups by programmers Freeware—distributed without cost by developer

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Application Software (cont’d) How software is used:

Horizontal application software—designed to be used for a wide variety of purposes General productivity programs Graphics programs Browser and e-mail programs

Vertical application software—designed to be used for very specific purpose Games Educational programs

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Application Software (cont’d) General productivity

programs include: Word processing

programs--___________ Spreadsheet programs--

__________ Database management

programs--__________ Presentation programs--

____________ Personal information

management programs

Programs are packaged as: Standalone (single)

programs Integrated programs Program suites

Integrated programs combine two or more programs into one program. Program suites are packages of standalone programs that can be used independently but allow for

easy data sharing.

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Application Software (cont’d) Graphics programs include:

Paint programs Images produced by “painting” pixels Paint images also called bit-map graphics Small files, but graphics cannot be resized

Draw programs Images produced using mathematical formulas Draw images also called vector graphics Large files, but graphics can easily be edited

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Application Software (cont’d) Browser and e-mail programs include:

Web browsers Browsers allow you to display Web pages Browsers convert HTML code into formatting features

such as fonts, margins, tables, and graphics E-mail clients

E-mail client programs send and receive messages E-mail programs also allow you to manage addresses,

set up distribution lists, and attach files to messages

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Telecommunications

Telecommunications—technology of long-distance electronic communication

Connection types: Analog phone line ISDN DSL Cable Satellite

Many people maintain Internet connections using

satellite telecommunications.

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Internet Communications

To access the Internet, users need: A computer with a browser An Internet connection An ________ ________ __________ (ISP)

ISPs provide access to the Internet for their subscribers ISPs also provide other services such as e-mail

Users may also subscribe to an online service Online services provide direct access to information

maintained outside the Internet

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Internet Communications (cont’d) Types of Internet services include:

FTP Internet relay chat Instant messaging Newsgroups and

bulletin boards E-commerce Internet telephony Video conferencing

Video conferencing allows meeting participants at different locations to see

and hear each other just as if in the same room.

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Networks

__________—two or more computers linked to each other by cabling or other media

Types of networks: Local area network (LAN)—connections within a

home, an office, or a building Metropolitan area network (MAN)—connections

within a small region Wide area network (WAN)—connections across

long distances

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Networks (cont’d)

Network components: Node—any device on a network File servers—data storage for the nodes Physical media—cabling or connections that

transmit data on the network Network interface card (NIC)—connects the

computer to the network Network operating system—establishes and

maintains connections between nodes and file servers

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Networks (cont’d)

Network topologies include: Bus topology—single cable runs the length of the

network Star topology—each node connects to a hub

through which data travels to the file server Ring topology—each node connects to the next in

a circular arrangement

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Networks (cont’d)

Network protocols—standards that describe how different network devices communicate with each other

When data is transmitted from a sending computer, it travels through layers Each layer has a specific function and has its own

protocols A protocol stack is the series of layers through

which data moves

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Networks (cont’d)

LAN standards Ethernet

Used with bus and star topologies Can transmit data at 10 Mbps; Fast Ethernet can

transmit data at 100 Mbps Token Ring

Used with ring topology Can transmit data at 4 or 16 Mbps

LocalTalk Macintosh system uses phone cables and bus topology Can transmit data at 230 Kbps