sziu faculty of horticultural science

Prof. Dr. Károly Hrotkó

SZIU Faculty of Horticultural Science

Dr. Hrotkó Károly Szilva, kajszi és őszibarack alanyok 2

Possible rootstocks for plum, apricot and peach

Grafting compatibility between the species exist.

Compatibility is variable!

Variable adaptability to environmentalconditions.

Vigor is variable: dwarfing tendency is largerwith larger chromosome number (4n-6n).

High density orchards are known even onvigorous rootstocks!

European plum

Salicina plum (Asian plum)

Myrabella

Dr. Hrotkó Károly

Szilva, kajszi és őszibarack alanyok

5Prof. Dr. Károly Hrotkó

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80

85

90

95

100

105

1987 1990 1993 1995 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Myrobalan Sdlg. Myrobalan C. Sdlg. St.Julian A Others

Rootstock usage in Hungary (1984-2003)


Most important plum rootstocks I.

Species Seedling Clonal rootstocks

P. cerasifera

(2n=16) ssp.

cerasifera var.

myrobalana

Selected seed

trees:

C 162, C 174,

C 359, C 679

Myrobalan B,

P. cerasifera

hibridek

(2n=16, 24,

40)

----- Marianna GF 8-1,


Myrobalan B

Myrobalan seedling


Mirobalan (P. cerasifera ssp. cerasifera)

Vigorous, seedlings turn to bearing late Native to areas with good water supply, riverside Tolerates compact and wet soil conditions Winterhard, late closing the growth in the season,

no special soil demands Easy to propagate, seedlings grow fast Too early budding is not recommended Suckers as rootstock Virus sensitivity, resistent to Meloidogyne, but

host plant for Pratilenchus nematodes, sensitive toVerticillium fungus


Important plum rootstocks II.

Species Seedlings Clonal rootstocks

Prunus

domestica

(2n=40, 48)

Agen,

Wangenheim,

Lószemű szilva

Brompton,

Wangenheim,

Fehér besztercei

Prunus insititia

(2n = 40, 48)

Kökényszilva

(Sloe plum)

C 83

St. Julien A,

St. Julien GF 655/2,

Pixy

Dr. Hrotkó Károly Szilva, kajszi és őszibarack alanyok 15St. Julien GF 655/2 Fehér besztercei


Plum (P. domestica) and St. Julien plum (P. insititia)

Vigorous or moderate vigor and moderate precocity Native to areas with good water supply, riverside Tolerates compact and wet soil conditions,

waterlogging Winterhard, no special soil demands, low tolerance to

drought, roots are sensitive to drying out at planting Easy to propagate by hardwood cuttings and seed,

young plants grow slowly in the nursery Don’ bud too late! Low or moderate suckering Sensitive to viruses, agrobacterium, less sensitive to

root asphyx

Dr. Hrotkó Károly


17

Further species Prunus Besseyii

Prunus pumila - ‘Prumina’: GF2038- ‘Pumiselect’

Prunus tomentosa

P. tomentosa


Plum rootstocks by growth vigor

Vigorous (80-

100%)

Moderate

vigorous

(60-80%)

Semi dwarf

(40-60%)

Dwarf

(25-40%)

Marianna

GF 8-1

St. Julien A St. Julien

GF 655/2

Pixy

Mirobalán Sdlg Jaspy®Fereley Wangenheim Prumina

(GF 2038)

Mirobalán B MY-BO-1 Ishtara®Ferciana Pumiselect


Bluefre on St. Jul. GF 655/2 (left) and myrobalan sdlg C679 (right)

Dr. Hrotkó Károly


20

Bluefre Stanley

Alany spacing Tree/ha kg/tree/

year

t/ha kg/tree/

year

t/ha

My.C 679 1.25 2000 11.5 23.00 18.0 36.0

1.50 1666 12.2 20.33 21.1 35.2

1.75 1428 11.4 16.28 17.0 24.3

2.00 1250 15.8 19.75 23.0 28.8

GF 655/2 1.25 2000 15.0 30.00 17.6 35.2

1.50 1666 13.1 21.82 16.1 26.8

1.75 1428 12.6 18.00 17.5 25.0

2.00 1250 13.8 17.25 14.2 17.8

Productivity of plum cultivars on two rootstocks(row dist.:4 m) (from 4th to 6th leaf)


Top worked trees


Apricot trained to compact vase


Apricot open center canopy


Apricot spindle tree

Dr. Hrotkó Károly


28

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1993

1995

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Myrobalan sdlg Myrobalan C. sdlg Apricot C. sdlg

Apricot sdlg Interstem Others


Rootstock usage in Hungary (1984-2003)


Rootstocks for apricot Apricot seedling (Armeniaca vulgaris) : C 1300, C 1301,

C 1650, C 1652 (selected seed trees). Mirobalán magoncok: C 162, C 359, C 679 Mirobalán és hibridjei klónalanyok: Myrobalan B,

Myrobalan 29C, Myrobalan GF 31, MRS 2/5, Marianna GF 8-1, Ishtara®, Jaspy®

Kökényszilva (P. insititia): C83 magonc, St. Julien A, St. Julien GF 655/2

Szilva (P. domestica): Fehér besztercei, Kisnánai lószemű, Veres szilva, Bódi szilva, Síró szilva, Wangenheim, Brompton, Torinel®

Őszibarack, mandula és fajhibridjeik: GF 305, Rubira, GF 677


Rootstocks for apricot Apricot seedling (Armeniaca vulgaris) : C 1300, C 1301,

C 1650, C 1652 (selected seed trees). Mirobalan Sdlg: C 162, C 359, C 679 Mirobalan and hybrid clonal rootstocks: Myrobalan B,

Myrobalan GF 31, Marianna GF 8-1, Ishtara®, Jaspy® Kökényszilva (P. insititia): C83 magonc, St. Julien A, St.

Julien GF 655/2 Szilva (P. domestica): Fehér besztercei, Kisnánai

lószemű, Veres szilva, Bódi szilva, Síró szilva, Wangenheim, Brompton, Torinel®

Őszibarack, mandula és fajhibridjeik: GF 305, Rubira, GF 677


Rootstocks for apricot Apricot seedling (Armeniaca vulgaris) : C 1300,

C 1301, C 1650, C 1652 (selected seed trees). Mirobalan Sdlg: C 162, C 359, C 679 Mirobalan and hybrid clonal rootstocks:

Myrobalan B, Myrobalan GF 31, Marianna GF 8-1, Ishtara®, Jaspy®

St. Julien (P. insititia): C83 sdlg, clonal: St. Julien A, St. Julien GF 655/2

Plum (P. domestica): Wangenheim, Torinel®Őszibarack, mandula és fajhibridjeik: GF 305,

Rubira, GF 677

Dr. Hrotkó Károly Szilva, kajszi és őszibarack alanyok 34St. Julien GF 655/2 Fehér besztercei


Rootstocks for apricot Apricot seedling (Armeniaca vulgaris) : C 1300, C

1301, C 1650, C 1652 (selected seed trees). Mirobalan Sdlg: C 162, C 359, C 679 Mirobalan and hybrid clonal rootstocks: Myrobalan

B, Myrobalan GF 31, Marianna GF 8-1, Ishtara®, Jaspy®

St. Julien (P. insititia): C83 sdlg, clonal: St. Julien A, St. Julien GF 655/2

Plum (P. domestica): Wangenheim, Torinel® Peach, almond and hybrids: GF 305, Rubira, GF

677


Rootstocks for apricot by vigor

Vigorous

(80-100%)

Moderate

vigorous(60-

80%)

Semi dwarf

(40-60%)

Dwarf

(25-40%)

Apricot Sdlg,

Myrobalan

Sdlg,

Marianna

GF 8-1

St. Julien A,

Brompton,

Torinel®,

Jaspy®Fereley

St. Julien GF 655/2, Ishtara®,

Wangenheim.


Ceglédi óriásFehér besztercei Marianna GF 8-1


Open center canopy Spindle trees

Dr. Hrotkó Károly


40

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1993

1995

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

Peach Sdlg Almond Sdlg Amygdalopersica Sdlg

Veg. Amygdalopersica Myrobalan Sdlg Others


Rootstock usage for peach in Hungary(1984-2003)


Rootstocks for peach

Peach seedling (Persica vulgaris):- seedling of cultivars: Shipley, Elberta, Ford- selected seed trees: Cepe (C2629), C 2630, GF 305, - Red leaf: Rubira, Titan

Almond (Amygdalus communis): C 446, C 447, C 449, C 431

Mandulabarck hibridek- magoncok: Barackmandula C 410, Nemaguard, Szputnyikklónok: GF 677, Cadaman, PE-DA, PE-MA

Szilva fajok és fajhibridek: mirobalán magoncok, Marianna, MRS 2/5, St. Julien GF 655/2


Cepe Rubira

Almond sdlg

Titan





Peach x almond hybrids- sdlg: Nemaguard, - clonal: GF 677, Cadaman, PE-DA, PE-MA

Szilva fajok és fajhibridek: mirobalán magoncok, Marianna, MRS 2/5, St. Julien GF 655/2


GF 677 Citation





Peach x almond hybrids- sdlg: Nemaguard, - clonal: GF 677, Cadaman, PE-DA, PE-MA

Plum and hybrids of plum: Myrobalan Sdlg, Marianna, St. Julien GF 655/2


Rootstocks for peach by vigor

Very

vigorous

vigorou

s

Moderate

vigor

Semi

dwarf

Dwarf

Cadaman,

GF 677,

PE-DA

PE-MA

Cepe,

GF 305

Elberta

Sdlg,

Almond

Sdlg,

Rubira

St. Julien

GF 655/2,

Prumina,

P. besseyii,

P. pumila


Rootstocks for ornamental Prunus Budded on myrobalan sdlg or clonal rootstocks:

- P. cerasifera (‘Nigra’, ‘Woodi’)- P. triloba ‘Multiplex’- P. x blireana- P. tenella (‘Kati’, ‘Natasa’) (?)

Budded on peach, almond and hybrids (?)- P. tenella (?) - P. persica genetic dwarf- P. persica and davidiopersica (redleaf peaches)

Prunus insititia, P. marianna, P. amygdalus : compatibility is not known exact further trials areneeded

sziu faculty of horticultural science

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