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Page 1: t * i:p i!i ffl i:p,t)ffli!i J M Zll!I - .. - jj,t i!ii M I...popularized in South Asia to encode temple architecture with generative power. Using a diagram found in key locations

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Essence and Applications of Building Archaeology in China and Europe

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Page 2: t * i:p i!i ffl i:p,t)ffli!i J M Zll!I - .. - jj,t i!ii M I...popularized in South Asia to encode temple architecture with generative power. Using a diagram found in key locations

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ISBN 978-7-112-23157-7

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Page 3: t * i:p i!i ffl i:p,t)ffli!i J M Zll!I - .. - jj,t i!ii M I...popularized in South Asia to encode temple architecture with generative power. Using a diagram found in key locations

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jfjj�llit, �OOffi��;i;::�

( Vanderbilt University),

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( United States Naval

Acadeny)

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Geometry, Cosmology, and the Design of Early Buddhist Architecture in China: The Plan of the Songyuesi Pagoda

�ij�IJi I Tracy MILLER

2rt3ltJL if I Translated by ZUO Lala

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Abstract: This article argues that the plan of the Songyuesi Pagoda reflects design strategies

popularized in South Asia to encode temple architecture with generative power. Using a diagram

found in key locations of the abacus and miniature hall supported by the Yicihui Pillar, the author

demonstrates how the circle could be used to produce an infinitely regenerating lotus blossom.

The same design scheme was employed both to determine the calumniation of the Yicihui Pillar

miniature hall, but also the interior and exterior proportions of the Songyuesi Pagoda plan. It was

also used to layout the Vastupuru$a mar:,9ala, the building diagram used as a ground plan for

lndic temples ( Hindu as well as Buddhist) developing during the early centuries CE. Its appear­

ance in later divinatory diagrams preserved at Dunhuang suggests an association with attempts

to control time and the future in early imperial China. The use of this design technique to enliven

the structure and enhance the efficacy of Buddhist architecture may have helped prove the truth­

fulness of Buddhist teachings in East Asia.

Keywords: Songyuesi; Yicihui Pillar; pagoda; Vastupuru$a mar:,9ala; Divinatory diagrams;

Buddhist architecture and ritual

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on Earth: Temples, Ritual, and Cosmic Sym­

bolism in the Ancient World ( The University of

Chicago Oriental Institute Seminars, No. 9 ), ed.

Deena Ragavan ( Chicago: University of Chi­

cago Press, 2013), 17-39; "Of Palaces and

Pagodas: Palatial Symbolism in the BuddhistArchitecture of Early Medieval China," Frontiers of History in China 10.2 ( 2015 ): 222-263, and

"Perfecting the Mountain: On the Morphology of Towering Temples in East Asia," Journal of Chi­nese Architecture History 2014 ( 10 ): 419-449.

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��-'t'OO'i!:i"ft■R�. m-fi, ��t±�, -�� �;>IJIR, m=i:& [M]. it*: 't'�■Rifttl:lli&t±, 2009. *-T';)(.{-t&;)(.f\'J:..t-WfLiaJOOff�ttS,El�ll;lrn■m 't' 89 ill ffl, • m Lillian Lan-ying Tseng.Picturing

Heaven in Early China[M). Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Asian Center, 2011: 37-88.

® iiEtr.slrrliF9��iJJ\g*8iAiRiLl't'�mliW■m't'ttl'sJ�e

��•tt, �fflK&�ttMITT@a�mD't'o •m William H. Coaldrake, Architecture and Authority in Japan[M]. London and New York: Routledge, 1996: 62.

(J) ¥},J;:�i�j Jinah Kim tt�i'lii.Jllfil...t�:X.al� o

® f1t9�t��7il$iliffltt•��lm■m't'�1iEEPM9 �$ttt�'F�o �□ Debala Mitra, Pramod Chandra,

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■�@Wlmfi�*�T,Jm9ffi■, �-mI&&� ��-!§"7Kim13:�9;w�■m�■i�o i$IB DebalaMitra.Buddhist Monuments[M).Calcutta: SahityaSamsad, 1971: 21-56, especially 52; Pramod Chandra.On the Study of Indian Art[M]. Cam­

bridge: Harvard University Press 1983: 22.

® tt�•�w••�1m. ff��a•��!§"••�*� 8@�i,q::$i,1IB O IBs*s. ))(_F.!fi1t�:Z1t� [M]. it;*:

't'OOt±��4$tl::J\liiJ±, 1997; �jj<:;fli. ■m@f�& !§"Y:1-t [M]. it;*: 't'OO■Rifttl:lli&t±, 2005. �i�1

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@) ��x1EPm9�!m ■R�ea:XIB�Wt�*§ Stella Kramrisch. The Hindu Temple. 2 Volumes[M].

Delhi: Shri Jainendra Press reprint ed., 1980, especially Vol. 1, pp. 21-97. Kramrisch x1 ((r-�))

"PB'.1-�.lis lffli.tWtl!l:: "ff��a•*��fl���75"m 89 ··· ···'8��:..t��T,J=.J'fclff3. :7\it%. J\,it)_ifJ�:..t&� ffiH.RB'.l�m�M'�t-'f��1iI�x'.." Kramrisch 1980, Vol. 1, 21.

@ Kramrisch 1980, Vol. 1 , 30. @ Marc Kalinowski, "Time, Space And Orienta­

tion: Figurative Representation of t11e Sexage­nary Cycle in Ancient and Medieval China," in Graphics and Text in the Production of Technical Knowledge in China: The Warp and the Weft, ed. Georges Meiailie.Vira Dorofeeva-Lichtmann, and Francesca Bray[M]. Leiden: Brill, 2007:

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welfare, pledging everlasting prosperity, glory

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