t*; 1947

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Mmtbersf#iAlxim1l0 E±AdW;i~aM~i~I~ r M j&' -diciw r~which held itsfirst meeting iWashigon, D. C., on Sepeber 12. LEt.. C. Stakman, University of Minnesota;Joseph T. Wsrn, Western Reserve University, Alan Ggfiler A Baird Hastings, HarYard Medical School; G. W. Beadle, California Institute of Tehnology; Detlev W. Bronk, Johnson ResearchFoundation; and Erest W. Goodpasture, Vanderbilt University. (See News and Notes.)

Discovery of Aptitude and Achievement VariablesJ. P. Guilford

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included in this New (4th) Edition. New theories and discoveries, new methods ofdiagnosis and therapy, new tests, serums, vaccines-all this information, and more,

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but all of the discussions have practical application to clinical medicine, making thisan exceptionally useful book to the physician.By THUBraIA B. Ric:, A.M., M.D., Professor of Bacteriology and Public HFealth, Indiana University School of Medichme

dia poa. pages, 6' x 9', illustrated.

GREAVES'BACTERIOLOGY

Fifth Editi-This presentation of ele-mentary bacteriology teaches the studentthe forms, functions and characteristics ofboth beneficial and injurious microbes.From a general discussion of the funda-mentals, the subject is developed in detailin its application to the life of man-in thearts and industries-to specific diseases andto immunization.By JouM E. GAuns Ph D. Profesor of Baceeriology; andOboe~m 0. GOueAvs, iPh.D., Professor of Nutrition and Deaof the School of Home Economice, Utah State AgriculturalColleg. 613 page, i,' X 71', 19 illustrations. $4.00

McCLUNG'SGeneral Bacteriology

Laboratory ManualThis manual provides an excellentbasis for laboratory work and cabe used in conjunction with theGreaves text described on thispage, or with any other stadardtext. It contans 61 experiment.that have been carefully tested inactual teaching.By L. 5. MCCLtNG, Ph.D., Asoiate Profesor ofBacteriology India Univeity. 106 pag81t x 11'. WireO Binding. $1.2

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Vol. 106 No. 2752 Friday. September 26, 1947

CONTENTS

C O~N ENThe Discovery of Aptitude and Achieve-ment Variables: J. P. Guilford ..... 279

Educational Programs at ResearchCenters: Rawson Bennett.......... 283

News and Notes ................... 285

Comments by Readers ............... 289

Technical PapersCitrinin as an Antibiotic: Yu Wang, et al ............. 291Lactobacillus acidophilus Counts in the Saliva of Chil-

dren Drinking Artificially Fluorinated and Fluorine-free Communal Waters:Sidney B. Finn and David B. Ast ................. 292

A New Antibody in Serum of Patients With AcquiredHemolytic Anemia:Phillip Sturgeon ............... 293

Further Observations on Leptospirosis in Micronesia:F.W.Hartmann ................................ 294

Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride as a Dye for VitalTissues:A. M. Mattson, C. 0. Jensen, and R. A. Dutcher. . 294

Oxygen and Air Pressure Effects Upon the Early Devel-opmentof the Frog's Egg: Olin E. Nelsen.......... 295

Red Blood Cell Sensitivity to the Blood-Group-Enzyme: Paul M. Neuda............... ...........296

In the LaboratoryAdaptation of the Silicomolybdic Acid Method for the

Estimation of Morphine to the Photoelectric Colo-rimeter: F. E. Shideman and A. R. Kelly............ 298

Use of Phenol Formaldehyde and Vinyl Resins in Seal-ing Liquid Mounting Media on Microscope Slides:E. S. Barghoorn ................................. 299

An Effective and Nontraumatic Method of HandlingMonkeys: Paul Settlage and Harry F. Harlow....... 300

Preservation of Plasmodium vivax by Freezing:George M. Saunders and Virgil Scott ............... 300

Intraneural Bipolar Stimulation: A New Aid in theAssessment of Nerve Injuries:Frank E. Nulsen and F. H. Lewey ................. 301

Interlaboratory Comparison of Measurements of IPu1:L. F. Curtiss ................................... 302

Book ReviewsThermodynamics for chemists: Samuel Glasstone.Reviewed by Don M. Yost ....................... 303

College technical physics: Robert L. Weber, MarshW. White, and Kenneth V. Manning.Reviewed by R. B. Lindsay ....................... 303

Sequential analysis: Abraham Wald.Reviewed by Frank M. Weida .................... 303

Diseases of the nose and throat. (3rd ed.):Charles J. Imperatori and Herman J. Burman.Reviewed by W. R. Miles ........................ 304

Scientific Book Register ..... ........ 304(Cover photo by Press Association, Inc.)

Science, a weekly journal, is published each Friday by the AmericanAsociation for the Advancement of Science at Mt. Royal & GuilfordAvenues, Baltimore 2, Maryland. Founded in 1880, it has been since1900 the official' publication of the AAAS. Editorial, Advertising, andCirculation Offices, 1515 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington 6,D. C. Telephone, EXecutive 8060 or 6061. Cable address SCIMAG,Washington, D. C Entered as second-class matter January 17, 1947, atthe postoffice at Baltimore, Maryland, under the act of March 3, 1879.Articles offered for publication should be sent to the Editor, 1515

Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington 5, D. C. Membership cor-respondence for the AAAS should be sent to the Administrative Secre-tary, 1515 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Washington 5, D. C.Annual subscription, $7.50; single copies, $.25; foreign postage (out-

side the Pan-American Union), $1.00 extra; Canadian postage, $.50 extra.

Remittances and orders for subscriptions and single copies, and noticesof changes of address should be sent to the Circulation Department,Claims for missing numbers will not be allowed if received more than60 days from date of issue. No claims allowed from subscribers in Cen-tral Europe, Asia, or the Pacific Islands other than Hawaii or because offailure to notify the Circulation Department of a change of address orbecause copy is missing from the files.

Change of address. Four weeks notice is required for change of ad.dress. When ordering a change, please furnish an address stencil labelfrom a recent issue. Address changes can be made only if the old as wellas the new address is supplied.

The American Association for the Advancement of Science also pub.ishes THE SCIENTIFIC MONTHLY. Subscription rates on request.

2

Acting Editor Business Manager

Publications Committee

Roger Adams, John E. Fly, Kirtloy F. Mather,Walter R. Miles, W. J. Robbins, Malcolm H. Soule cience; iMildred Atwood Thoo. J. Christen

New Helps to Modern Science Teaching

JONES

INORGANIC CHEMISTRYThis text was written to meet the needs of stu-dents and teachers in today's world of chem-istry. It faces each problem in a convincing,realistic manner, presenting chemistry as anessential cultural and practical attainment inthe life of the modern student. Many helpfulteaching devices are utilized so that the stu-

dent, whether he has had high school chemistryor not will understand and enjoy the work.

By W. NORTON JONES, JR., Ph.D.Colorado State College of AA.&M.A.

247 Illus. 55 Portraits 866 Pages $4.50 (1947)

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LABORATORY EXERCISESIN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

This manual outlines a laboratory course thatwill clarify, illustrate and augment the regularfirst-year course in elementary college chem-istry. The exercises are new and inspiring.The author combines exercises which illustratesome of the fundamental principles of chem-istry with others devoted to descriptive in-

vestigations of properties. The necessity ofcare, development of proper technics, andthoughtful observation are emphasized. De-tachable sheets to be filled-in and returned tothe instructor are provided in the manual.

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ECONDARY-SCHOOL SCIENCEThis new book provides modern techniques forteaching science and aids the teacher in hisinterpretation of the findings of science to

pupils and the community. Educational valuesare appraised as practical, disciplinary andcultural. It will help the teacher prepareyouth to make adaptations that will result insuccessful living and intelligent utilization ofthe facts and materials in the world of scienceabout him.A special plan for unit teaching is presented in

TEACHINGdetail and other plans are adequately treated.Numerous modern teaching aids are discussedsuch as charts, slides, moving pictures, illustra-tions, workbooks, models, diagrams, exhibits,radio, etc.

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element of their education is the qualityof the instruments they study with.

It is penny-wise and pound-foolish toplace in the hands of our potentialscientific leaders student-type instru-ments that cost less but fail to meet thehighest standards of precision and per-formance. The skill, and scope of scien-tific knowledge, acquired by the stu-dents is lessened. Too, they must, inmany cases, gain an entirely new inter-pretation of the specimen when they

come to use fine precision instrumentsfor the first time in the professional orindustrial laboratory."We must leave America's future in

science," says Carl L. Bausch, Vice-President in Charge of Research andEngineering, "to men capably educatedto utilize fully the finest, most preciseinstruments optical science can pro-duce. We at Bausch & Lomb will do ourpart by continuing to further the prog-ress of optical science, and by develop-ing and building better, more efficientinstruments, for educational needs."

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Princeton after a long illness.

Selig Hecht, 55, professor of bio-physics, Columbia University, and a well-known authority in the field of vision,died September 18 of a coronary throm-bosis at his home in New York City.

bzyReaders

The British Association for theAdvancement of Science, under theauspices of its Division for Social andInternational Relations of Science, on

May 10 held a conference on "The Placeof Universities in the Community."The following resolution, proposed bySir Henry Dale, president of the Associa-tion, and passed unanimously, has sincebeen approved by the Council: "ThisConference recommends to the Councilof the British Association that they shouldmake representations to the competentauthorities of all Universities of theBritish Commonwealth, urging that no

contract should normally be acceptedby the Scientific Departments of theseUniversities, if its terms include anyrestriction on freedom of publication."

Ludwig Silverberg remains unlocatedin Europe. A recent search failed to dis-close his whereabouts. Dr. Silverberg leftGermany in 1936, and until recently hisaddress has been "The Hague, Nether-lands." Since further information isdesired concerning 'some of his inventions,any assistance which can be given inlocating Dr. Silverberg would be greatlyappreciated. Communications should beaddressed to: Reed Research, Inc., 1048Potomac Street, N.W., Washington 7,D. C.

Make Plans forAmerican Public Health Associa-

tion, October 6-10, Atlantic City, NewJersey.

American Association of CerealChemists, New York Section, October7, 2 Park Avenue, New York City.

American Academy of Ophthalmol-ogy and Otolaryngology, October 12-17,Chicago.

This communication Is written In thehope of opening a constructive discus-sion of the editing of scientific papers.That the subject deserves airing is certainfrom the continued grumbling we all hearand often swell. As editor of several jour-nals and contributor to many more, I haveboth sinned and been sinned against. Atthe moment, several adventures in publi-cation have put me more on the sinnedagainst side, which prompts this note. Itwill be restricted to the problem of form;content is an independent subject.Every journal is entitled to insist on

certain style uniformities. If a certainspelling of a word (fiber rather than fibre)is preferred, if particular abbreviationsare used or rejected (hr. for hour, but not% for percent), if a particular form ofliterature citation is demanded, the au-

thor who objects should submit his paper

elsewhere. Good sense should prevent an

unyielding application even of such rules-"Hrs. later conduction failed," or even,

"After hrs... .," would hardly do; but theeditor is arbiter of usage. Further, no au-

thor will complain about correction oferrors in spelling, punctuation, grammar,

citation, fact (providing they are errors);and few, about suggestions of improvedsentence structure, or organization, oreven the nuances of style. But here thependulum swings over, and the author,not the editor, has become final arbiter.The editor may only suggest.An editor may properly reject a paper

solely on the basis of obscure or verbosepresentation, or may offer to accept it sub-ject to improvement, or may generouslydetail the revisions demanded for accept-ability and others recommended for im-provement of the presentation. The deci-sion is then the author's: to submit hispaper elsewhere, to sweat over it further(perhaps with the aid of a more literatecolleague), or to welcome the editor'sproffered help and accept those revisionswhich seem good to him. There is one

absolute essential in editor-author rela-tions that I am saving for the "punchline"; with that operative, the balanceindicated can work admirably.

SCIENCE, September 26, 1947

I know editors who have performedminor and major surgery on hundreds ofmanuscripts; who have, in special cases,as when highly important results were

poorly presented, literally rewritten an

article completely. (One condensed, byrewriting, a 75-page manuscript, by a mansenior in age and achievement, into one of23 pages.) And no anguished cries re-sulted. On the contrary, it was generallytrue that the more drastic the operation,the more grateful the subject. The reason?Adherence to the critical condition.

I know authors who have been awed tofind an incorrect page number in an ob-scure reference questioned by the editorialoffice; who have been delighted to haveheadings of comparable tables recast intocomparable form, and pleased to notecorrection of misspellings or of infelicitousconstructions; who have been sadly toler-ant, mostly, when commas have been de-leted or adjectives substituted (for some

sprinkle their commas and choose theirwords with considerable care, and theresults are as intended); and who havebeen, sometimes, extremely annoyedwhen sentences have been recast, materialomitted, style altered, meaning changed.Why annoyed? Because the critical condi-tion was not always adhered to.The editor should have final say as to

what appears in his journal. The authorshould have final say as to what appearsunder his name. Between reasonable menagreement is readily attained, when ade-quate opportunity exists for exchange ofreasons and preferences. In a case I knowof, an invited article in a symposium on a

highly controversial issue, the editor mademany and serious changes from the orig-inal manuscript. The author restored theoriginal form in galley proof and wrote a

full explanation of his wish to retain hispresentation. This letter was not acknowl-edged and some of the objectionable edi-torial changes remained in the publishedarticle.By all means, have the editor "vet" each

manuscript. Let him alter it to the best ofhis ability and his available time. Let himindicate which changes are demanded if

289

American Association for theAdvancement of Science, 114thMeeting, December 26-31, Chi-cago, Illinois.