t213 walton managing land for common good testimonianza 15-11-2014
TRANSCRIPT
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Managing land for the common good – a U.K. perspective
Gestione sostenibile dei beni comuni e rigenerazione territoriale - esperienze nel
Regno UnitoMark Walton
November / Novembre 2014
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Agenda• UK context
• Shared Assets – about our approach– Social enterprise management– Commons governance– Creative engagement
• Examples & case studies– Woodland / Farming / Public open space
• Business models– Capital / Revenue
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Introductions
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Shared Assets
We help landowners and community enterprises work together to transform under managed land into productive community spaces.
We support community management of woodlands, waterways, green spaces and coastal areas.
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UK context: political & financial
• Smaller government• Austerity• Selling of public assets (buildings & land)• Localism• Devolution• Community rights– Community Right to Bid– Community Right to Challenge– Neighbourhood Planning
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UK context: demand
• Increasing demand for land• Groups and use of land often informal• A range:– Traditional “friends of groups”– Enterprising, values-driven groups – People wanting to meet their own needs – Unorthodox groups
• Alternative currencies• Cooperative and ‘commons’ approaches
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Shared Assets approach
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Social enterprise management
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Commons-based governance
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Commons based governance
Commons = resource + community + social rules
• Clearly defined boundaries • Rules adapted to local conditions• Those using the resource participate in decision-making• Effective, accountable • Sanctions for those who violate community rules• Cheap and easy to access conflict resolution
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Creative engagement
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Creative engagement
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Opportunities
Employment
Training
Improved environment
Reinvestment
Renewable resources
Community engagement
Social connections
Under managed liabilities Productive assets
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Challenges
Contested spaces
Privatisation of public assets
Commercialisation of nature
Creating successful business models
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Examples & Case Studies
• Woodland management• Food and farming• Parks and open spaces
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Woodland management
• Woodland is largest single state-owned landholding• Managed by the Forestry Commission
• In England: – 258,000 ha– 2% of the land area – 18% of all woodland– 1500 sites
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Woodland management• 2010
Government attempted to sell of a large part of the public forest estate
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Woodland social enterprise• 60 woodland social enterprises in England (2013)• 41 (68%) formed since 2010• Small organisations
< 5 staff
< 250 ha woodland
< €65,000 / year turnover
• Insecure tenure> 50% have an informal agreement with owner< 30% own the land they work on
• Wide range of activities- education / health / creating products / woodfuel etc
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Hill Holt Wood, Newark
• 2 sites (30 ha) / 20 staff• Owned by the organisation• €1.2M / year turnover• Services:– Training & education– Conferences / weddings etc– Green space management– Sustainable architecture– Wood products
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Chiltern Rangers, High Wycombe• 14 sites (3-16 ha) / 2 staff• Owned by the local authority• Organisation ‘spun out’ of the local
authority Woodland Service• €240,000 / year turnover• Services:– Training and education– Woodland management off site– Corporate team building activities
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Food and farming• Community food sector in the UK has a combined
annual turnover of > €90M (2012 research)– Mainly from retail - community shops and markets– Only about €4.2M from farms / producers
• Small organisations– Median turnover €18,000 / year
• Over 60% established in 3 years prior to 2012• About 60% have paid staff– Making Local Food Work
- €10.2M support programme 2007-2012
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Organic Lea, London• Started as an allotment site and
market stall in 2001• Cropshare scheme enables growers
to sell surplus produce• 2010 secured 10 year lease on
disused local authority plant nursery with glasshouses
• Provide training, sell produce, seeking more land for new growers, establishing cooperative marketing
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Bosavern Farm, Cornwall
• 13 ha farm / 2 staff• Purchased in 2014 from local
authority• Sell produce• Hold community events• Developing farm buildings for
education and economic development
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Ecological Land Coop• Purchase agricultural land• Secure planning permission• Sell sites to sustainable growers• Can sell a site with planning
permission for €86,000– Similar smallholding with a house can
cost up to €600,00– Typical annual net profit for organic
smallholders is €17,000
• Leases prevent sale for profit
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Parks and public open spaces
• Under investment and decline in parks 1980s & 90s• Investment of €840M from 2000-10 – mainly capital• Current cuts to public finances risk new decline• Few existing examples but a lot of interest in
developing new models– NESTA – Rethinking Parks – 11 projects over 2 years– Cabinet Office – Delivering Differently
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Heeley Park, Sheffield• Community organisation
established in 1996 to create new public park on derelict land
• 3.5 ha• Land owned by local authority
- 125 year lease
• Raised €1.2M since 1997• Income from events and activities• Exploring potential for
membership / subscription income
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Bloomsbury, London• 9 squares in central London• Managed by local authority• Cost of maintenance €550,000 / year• Exploring potential to create new
income from:- a levy on local businesses / residents- events- voluntary donation
• 2% levy on business rates would raise > €1M / year• Potential for new ‘area wide’ governance arrangements
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Kirklees, Yorkshire
• New developments create new open spaces
• Either:- developers provide one-off payment to Council, or- residents pay a ‘ground-rent’ that pays for a private contractor
• Exploring potential for new social enterprise to manage new open spaces
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Mile End Park, London
• Regenerated area of East London
• Income earning assets built into the park
• Generates 50% of annual budget from buildings within the park
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Business models
Capital / set up•Grants•Crowdfunding•Community Shares•Membership / subscriptions•Loans (commercial banks or social investment)
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Business modelsRevenue / day to day•Community supported / cropshares•Sale of goods•Sale of services– Health / Education
•Diversification– Renewable energy / Tourism
•Capturing value– Local levies / Ground rents
•Balancing assets– Buildings / other sites that will generate income
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Business models
Reducing costs•Volunteers – community and corporate•Reducing costs of land / housing•Cooperative / collaborative approaches– Marketing– Distribution– Equipment
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• Local context– What is different?– What is the same?
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• Existing activity– What is already happening?– Who, what, where?
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• What are the local opportunities for the development of land based social enterprise?
• What are the challenges / barriers?
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• What actions are needed to enable something to develop?– Short, medium & long term?
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• What resources are available?– People, money, skills & knowledge, land