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Table Of Content

Introduction Background

Vision

Strategy & Approach

Objectives

1. Chapter 1. General Information of the District

1.1. District Profile ………………………………………………………… 4

1.1.1 Geography & Climate ………………………………………………… 5

1.1.2 Temperature …………………………………………………………... 5

1.1.3 Rainfall ……………………………………………………………….. 5

1.1.4 Rivers & Tributories …………………………………………………. 5

1.2. Demography ………………………………………………………….. 8

1.2.1. Demographic Population Profile …………………………………… 8

1.2.2. Population growth rate ………………………………………………. 8

1.2.3. Density of Population ……………………………………………….. 8

1.2.4. Sex ratio …………………………………………………………… 9

1.2.5. Literary Rate ………………………………………………………. 9

1.3. Biomass & Live stock ………………………………………………. 11

1.4. Agro ecology, Climate hydrology & topography …………………... 13

1.4.1. Agro ecology ……………………………………………………….. 13

1.4.2. Climate ……………………………………………………………… 14

1.4.3. Hydrology ………………………………………………………….. 15

1.4.4. Geomorphology & Soil types ……………………………………… 20

1.5 Soil Profile …………………………………………………………. 23

1.5.1 Slope ……………………………………………………………… 24

1.6. Soil erosion & Run off Status …………………………………….. 26

1.7. Land Use Pattern …………………………………………………… 28

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2. Chapter 2. District Water Profile

2.1 Areawise Cropwise irrigation Status …………………………………. 31

2.1A. Kharip ………………………………………………………………. 34

2.1B Rabi …………………………………………………………………. 34

2.1C Summer ……………………………………………………………… 35

2.1 D Total ………………………………………………………………… 35

2.2 Production & Productivity & Major Crops …………………………… 36

2.3. Irrigation Based Classification ……………………………………… 38

3. Chapter 3. Water Availability

3.1 Status of water Availability …………………………………….…. 40

3.2 Status of Ground water Availability ……………………………….. 42

3.3 Status of Command Area …………………………………………… 46

3.4 Existing type of Irrigation …………………………………………… 47

4. Chapter 4. Water Demand

4.1. Domestic water Demand …………………………………………… 48

4.2. Crop water Requirement …………………………………………… 49

4.2.1 Crop Water requirement for irrigated crops ……………………… 50

4.2.2. Crop Water requirement for rainfed crops ………………………….. 51

4.2.3. Crop water requirement for irrigated & rainfed crops ……………… 52

4.3. Live stock water Demand ………………………………………….. 53

4.4. Industrial Water Demand ………………………………………….. 54

4.5. Water demand for power generation ………………………………. 55

4.6. Total Water demand of the district for various sectors ……………. 55

4.7. Water Budget ……………………………………………………… 56

5. Chaper 5. Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in District under PMKSY. 59

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List of Tables

Table 1.1- District Profile

Table 1.2 Demography

Table 1.2.2 Population Statics at a glance

Table 1.3 Biomass & Livestock

Table 1.4 Agro ecology, Climate hydrology & topography

Table 1.5. Soil Profile

Table 1.7 Land use Pattern

Table 2.1 Areawise Cropwise irrigation Status

Table 2.1A. Kharip

Table 2.1B Rabi

Table 2.1C Summer

Table 2.1 D Total

Table 2.2 Production & Productivity & Major Crops

Table 2.3. Irrigation Based Classification

Table 3.1 Status Of water Availability

Table 3.2 Status Of ground water Availability

Table 3.3 Status of Command Area

Table 3.4 Existing type of Irrigation

Table 4.1. Domestic water Demand

Table 4.2.1 Crop Water requirement for irrigated crops

Table 4.2.2. Crop Water requirement for rainfed crops

Table 4.2.3. Crop water requirement for irrigated & rainfed crops

Table 4.3. Live stock water Demand

Table 4.4. Industrial Water Demand

Table 4.5. Water demand for power generation

Table 4.6. Total Water demand of the district for various sectors

Table 4.6.1 Total Water demand of the district for various sectors (2015)

Table 4.6.2 Total Water demand of the district for various sectors (2020)

Table 4.7.1 Water Budget (2015)

Table 4.7.2 Water Budget (2020)

Table 5. Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in District under PMKSY

Table 5.1 Abstract of Strategic Action Plan

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Introduction:

The rainfed agriculture is the gamble of the nature.It is now prime

need to ensure at least protective irrigation to seasonal crops for the sustainability

of agriculture sector. With this goal in mind Hon.PM announced 'Pradhan Mantri

Krishi Sinchayee Yojana' (PMKSY) to ensure access to some means of protective

irrigation to all agricultural farms in the country ( 'har khet ko paani') and to

produce ‘Per drop More crop’, thus bringing much desired rural prosperity.

For planning and implementation of PMKSY village level

planning has to be done. For that District Irrigation Plan (DIPs)will be the

cornerstone for planning and implementation of PMKSY scheme. DIPs will

present holistic irrigation development perspective of the district outlining

medium to long term development plans integrating three components viz. water

sources, distribution network and water use applications incorporating all usage

of water like drinking & domestic use, irrigation and industry. Preparation of DIP

will be taken up as joint exercise of all participating departments.DIP will form

the compendium of all existing and proposed water resource network system in

the district.

The scheme will ensure the completion of long pending irrigation

projects on priority and launch the ‘Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana’

with the motto of ‘Har Khet Ko Paani’. By harnessing rain water through ‘Jal

Sanchay’ and ‘Jal Sinchan’, we will nurture water conservation and ground water

recharge. Micro irrigation will be popularised to ensure ‘Per drop-More crop’

Background:

Hon’ble President in his address to the joint Session of the Parliament of 16th Lok Sabha indicated that “Each drop of water is precious”. Government is committed to giving high priority to water security. It will complete the long pending irrigation projects on priority and launch the ‘Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana’ with the motto of ‘Har Khet Ko Paani’.

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There is a need for seriously considering all options including linking of rivers, where feasible; for ensuring optimal use of our water resources to prevent the recurrence of floods and drought. By harnessing rain water through ‘Jal Sanchay’ and ‘Jal Sinchan’, we will nurture water conservation and ground water recharge. Micro irrigation will be to ensure ‘Per drop-More crop’. Out of about 141 m.Ha of net area sown in the country, about 65 million hectare (or 45%) is presently covered under irrigation. Substantial dependency on rainfall makes cultivation in unirrigated areas a high risk, less productive profession. Empirical evidences suggest that assured or protective irrigation encourages farmers to invest more in farming technology and inputs leading to productivity enhancement and increased farm income. The overreaching vision of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) will be to ensure access to some means of protective irrigation to all agricultural farms in the country, to produce ‘per drop more crop’, thus bringing much desired rural prosperity. Vision

To use the available water resources in the district to the maximum potential in an efficient way catering to the basic needs of every living being and enhancing the livelihoods of rural population to the maximum extent thus alleviating poverty in a sustainable way without compromising the interests of future generations.

Objective:

The broad objectives of PMKSY will be:-

a) Achieve convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level.

b) Enhance the physical access of water on the farm and expand cultivable area under assured irrigation (Har Khet Ko Pani).

c) Integration of water source, distribution and its efficient use, to make best use of water through appropriate technologies and practices.

d) Improve on-farm water use efficiency to reduce wastage and increase availability both in duration and in extent.

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e) Enhance the adoption of precision-irrigation and other water saving technologies (More Crop -Per Drop).

f) Enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation practices.

g) Ensure the integrated development of rainfed areas using the watershed

approach towards soil and water conservation, regeneration of ground water, arresting runoff, providing livelihood options and other NRM activities.

h) Promote extension activities relating to water harvesting, water management and crop alignment for farmers and grass root level field functionaries.

i) Explore the feasibility of reusing treated municipal wastewater for peri-urban agriculture.

j) Attract greater private investments in irrigation.This will in turn increase agricultural production and productivity and enhance farm income.

Strategy /Approach:

To achieve above objectives, PMKSY will strategize by focusing on end-to end solution in irrigation supply chain, viz. water sources, distribution network, efficient farm level applications, extension services on new technologies & information etc. Broadly, PMKSY will focus on:-

a) Creation of new water sources; repair, restoration and renovation of defunct water sources; construction of water harvesting structures, secondary & micro storage, groundwater development, enhancing potentials of traditional water bodies at village level.

b) Developing/augmenting distribution network where irrigation sources (both assured and protective) are available or created;

c) Promotion of scientific moisture conservation and run off control measures to improve ground water recharge so as to create opportunities for farmer to access recharged water through shallow tube/dug wells;

d) Promoting efficient water conveyance and field application devices within the farm viz, underground piping system, Drip & Sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns and other application devices etc.

e) Encouraging community irrigation through registered user groups/farmer producers’ organizations/NGOs.

f) Farmer oriented activities like capacity building, training and exposure

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visits, demonstrations, farm schools, skill development in efficient water and crop management practices (crop alignment) including large scale awareness on more crop per drop of water through mass media campaign, exhibitions, field days, and extension activities through short animation films etc. The aforesaid areas only outline the broad contours of PMKSY; combination of interventions may be required depending on location specific conditions and requirements, which will be identified through District and State Irrigation

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Chapter I 1.1 General Information of The District Historical Background of Latur Latur has an ancient history, which probably dates to the Rashtrakuta period. It was home to a branch of Rashtrakutas which ruled the Deccan from 753 to 973 AD. The first Rashtrakuta king, Dantidurga, was from Lattalur (Kannada: ಲಟಲೂರು), probably the ancient name for Latur. Anecdotally, Ratnapur is also mentioned as a name for Latur. The King Amoghavarsha of Rashtrakutas developed the Latur city, originally the native place of the Rashtrakutas. The Rashtrakutas who succeeded theChalukyas of Badami in 753 AD called themselves the residents of Lattalut. It was, over the centuries, variously ruled by the Satavahanas, the Sakas, the Chalukyas, the Yadavas of Deogiri, the Delhi Sultans, the Bahamani rulers of South India, Adilshahi, and the Mughals. Later in the 19th century, Latur became part of the independent princely state of Hyderabad. In 1905 it was merged with surrounding areas and renamed Latur tehsil, becoming part of Osmanabad district. Before 1948, Latur was a part of Hyderabad State under Nizam. The chief of Nizam's Razakar army, Qasim Rizwi, was from Latur. After Indian independence and the merger of Hyderabad with the Indian Union, Osmanabad became part of Bombay Province. In 1960, with the creation of Maharashtra, Latur became one of its districts. On August 16, 1982, a separate Latur district was carved out of Osmanabad district.

1.1 District Profile The Latur District is in the southeastern part of the Maharashtra state and

falls within central Plateau zone .Latur town is situated between 17°52' North to 18°50' North and 76°18' East to 79°12' East in the Deccan plateau The district is situated on the Maharashtra Karnataka boundary. On the eastern side of the Latur is Bidar district of Karnataka, whereas Nanded is on the northeast, Parbhani on the northern side, Beed on the Northwest and Osmanabad on the western and southern side. The entire district of Latur is situated on the Balaghat plateau, 540 to 638 mtrs from the mean sea level. The area of Latur district is 7157 sq.kms. The district is divided into five subdivisions and 10 Talukas. The number of village in Latur district is 948.

9

1.1.1 Geography and Climate: Latur is situated 636 metres above mean sea level, on the Balaghat plateau, on the Maharashtra–Karnataka state boundary. Latur is bounded on the east by Bidar, Nanded is on the northeast, Parbhani on the north, Beed on the northwest, and Osmanabad on the west and south side. 1.1.2 Temperature : Annual temperatures in Latur range from 13 to 41 °C (55 to 106 °F), with the most comfortable time to visit is in the winter, which is October to February. The highest temperature ever recorded was 45.8 °C (114.4 °F). The lowest recorded temperature was 6.9 °C (44.4 °F). In the cold season the district is sometimes affected by cold waves in association with the eastward passage of western disturbances across north India. Mean temperature in summer is 30.9°C, in winter 22.4 °C and in rainy season 25.7 °C. 1.1.3 Rainfall :

Most of the rainfall occurs in the monsoon season from June to October .Average annual rainfall for last 10 years is is 765 mm.

1.1.4 Rivers and Tributaries

Manjara is the main river which flows on the Balaghat plateau along with its tributaries: Terna, Tawarja and Gharni. The other three tributaries of Manjara are Manyad, Teru and Lendi which flow on the northern plains.

Manjara :This is the main river. Its origin is near the Gaukhadi Village of Beed district. The river flows from the nothern boundaries of the Osmanabad district and flowing across the Latur district goes to Karnataka State

Terna :This is the main tributary of Manjara which flows on the southern boundary of the Ausa taluka .

Manyad : This river takes its origin at Dharmapuri in Beed district and flows through the Ahmadpur taluka into Nanded district.

Lendi : The river has its origin in Udgir taluka and flowing through the Ahmadpur taluka joins the Tiru river in Nanded district .

Gharni : The river has its origin near Wadval and flows through Chakur taluka.

Tawarja : Tawarja originates near Murud in Latur taluka and joins the Manjara river at Shivani on the Latur-Ausa boundary

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Geographical Area 715054 ha.

District code 524

Latitude Longitude Between 17°52' North to 18°50' North and 76°18' East to 79°12' East in the Deccan plateau

Adjoining DistrictsEast : Nanded; south-west : Osmanabad; north-west: Beed; north: Parbhani; south-east: Andhra Pradesh

Major Urban Centres Latur,Ausa,Udgir Nilanga,Ahmadpur

Major Crops Soyabean,Arhar,Jowar,Gram,

Major Rivers Manjra, Terna, Rena, Manar, Tawarja, Tiru, Gharni

Total no.of Sub Divisions 5

Total no.of Tehsils 10

Total no.of Villages 948

Total no.of Grampanchayat 787

Total no.of Panchayat samiti 10

Municipl Corporation 1

Actual Population 2,454,196

Male 1,273,140

Female 1,181,056

Population Growth 17.97%

Area Sq. Km 7,157

Density/km2 343

Proportion to Maharashtra Population 2.18%

Sex Ratio (Per 1000) 928

Average Literacy 77.26

Literates 1,650,672

Table 1.1-District ProfileDistrict Profile

(Source-District socio economic review 2014, www. latur.nic)

11

Location Map Of Latur District

12

M F Total No. of HH No. of members

No. of HH

No. of members No. of HH No. of

members No. of

HH No. of

members 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Latur 121 4226 355784 327882 683666 12308 130749 1189 12019 56550 540898 70047 683666Renapur 79 4227 74023 68164 142187 5360 25357 374 1709 28821 115121 34555 142187Nilanga 152 4233 167903 157352 325255 10428 58562 2393 12913 57224 253780 70045 325255

Ausa 126 4232 160771 148800 309571 10315 52236 818 4092 57792 253243 68925 309571S.Anantpal 48 4231 42904 40624 83528 3852 18772 599 3053 16468 61703 20919 83528

Jalkot 47 4229 45058 42143 87201 4125 21601 371 1890 16621 63710 21117 87201Deoni 53 4234 50150 47448 97598 3874 19799 840 4263 18793 73536 23507 97598

Chakur 83 4230 92262 85694 177956 7221 35922 890 4456 34801 137578 42912 177956Ahmadpur 123 4228 122717 113451 236168 7674 43274 1048 5729 39154 187165 47876 236168

Udgir 97 4235 161568 149498 311066 9512 74641 992 7362 37185 229063 47689 3110661273140 1181056 2454196 74669 480913 9514 57486 363409 1915797 447592 2454196Total

Name of the District : Latur

Code of Taluka

Table 1.2 : DemographyName of the State : Maharashtra

General No of the

villages covered

Total Name of the Taluka

Population SC ST

1.2 Demography According to the Census of population of 2011, Latur district has a total population of 24.54 lakh persons; out this total population 4.80 lakh are SC category, 0.57 lakh are of ST category and 19.15 lakh are of General Category persons of which 12.73 lakh are males while 11.81 lakh are females. The sex ratio is 928 females per thousand of males.

( Source-District socio economic review 2014 Latur District) 1.2.1 Demographic population profile Latur District population constituted 2.18 percent of total Maharashtra population. In 2001 census, this figure for Latur District was at 2.15 percent. Latur has population of 2,454,196 of which male and female 1,273,140 and 1,181,056 respectively. In 2001 census, Latur had a population of 2,080,285 of which males were 1,075,257 and remaining 1,005,028 were females. 1.2.2 Population Growth Rate The population growth rate for the decade 2001-2011 is 17.97 percent whereas for the previous decade it was 24.07 percent. 1.2.3 Density of population

The initial provisional data released by census India 2011, shows that density of Latur district for 2011 is 343 people per sq. km. In 2001, Latur district density was at 291 people per sq. km.

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1.2.4 Sex Ratio With regards to Sex Ratio in Latur, it stood at 928 per 1000 male compared

to 2001 census figure of 935. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per latest reports of Census Directorate. In 2011 census, child sex ratio is 889 girls per 1000 boys compared to figure of 918 girls per 1000 boys of 2001 census data. 1.2.5 Literacy Rate

Average literacy rate of Latur in 2011 were 77.26 compared to 71.54 in 2001. If things are looked out at gender wise, male and female literacy were 84.39 and 69.63 respectively. For 2001 census, same figures stood at 82.94 and 59.40 in Latur District. Total literate in Latur District were 1,650,672 of which male and female were 932,432 and 718,240 respectively.

28%

6%

13%13%

3%3%

4%

7%

10%

13%

Blockwise Population of Latur District

Latur

Renapur

Nilanga

Ausa

S.Anantpal

Jalkot

Deoni

Chakur

Ahmadpur

Udgir

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Description 2011 2001

Actual Population 2,454,196 2,080,285Male 1,273,140 1,075,257

Female 1,181,056 1,005,028Population Growth 17.97% 24.07%

Area Sq. Km 7,157 7,157Density/km2 343 291

Proportion to Maharashtra Population 2.18% 2.15%

Sex Ratio (Per 1000) 928 935Child Sex Ratio (0-6

Age) 889 918

Average Literacy 77.26 71.54Male Literacy 84.39 82.94

Female Literacy 69.63 59.4Male Population (0-6

Age) 168,237 170,392

Female Population (0-6 Age) 149,574 156,385

Literates 1,650,672 1,254,534Male Literates 932,432 750,455

Female Literates 718,240 504,079

Table 1.2.2: Population statistics at a glance

(Source-Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan Latur District)

57486480913

1915797

2454196

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

ST SC General Total

SC,ST,General Population of Latur District

ST

SC

General

Total

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1.3 Biomass and Livestock World famous Deoni breed of cattle is the pride of Latur district. The livestock resources of Latur District are of the order of 1534190 animals comprising of cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, pigs and poultry etc. Taking into consideration the moderate price of Rs. 10,000/- per cattle unit, the livestock resources of Latur District amount to the order of 1534 crores of rupees as a fixed asset. This generates the products like milk, work (draft), meat, poultry meat, eggs, wool, skins / hides and organic manure. Latur district has total livestock population of about 15,34,190 lakhs of which 3,79,483 are large animals which includes Indigenous cows, Hybrid cows and In descriptive buffaloes. Small animals such as Pigs, goats, Sheep are 3, 42,602. About 5,97,679 of poultry birds and ducks and 2,14,426 are draft animals Details of livestock population viz. of cows, buffaloes, sheep, goats and poultry are provided in the enclosed table. (Table no.1.3)

(Source-Department of Animal Husbandry Latur)

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Poultry39%

Ducks0%

Pigs1%

Goats20%

Sheeps2%

Indigenous cow10%Hybrid cow

1%

Indescriptive Buffalo

13%

Draft Animal(Bulls)14%

Livestock Population

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

450000

Blockwise Livestock population

Small animals Large animals Draft animals

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1 2 3 4a 4b 4c 5 6 7Plain Latur 99508 99508 746.6 149.3 45Plain Renapur 57633 57633 607.6 121.5 44Plain Nilanga 110602 110602 717.9 143.6 44Plain Ausa 124520 124520 740.7 148.1 46

Plain/Hilly S.Anantpal 31022 31022 733.9 146.8 44

Hilly Jalkot 34259 34259 728.0 145.6 45Plain Deoni 33028 33028 698.9 139.8 43Plain Chakur 68992 68992 738.2 147.6 44

Plain/Hilly Ahmadpur 77716 77716 655.5 131.1 41Plain/Hilly Udgir 77774 77774 694.4 138.9 39

Average(5)

Monthly

Rainfall (mm)

No. of Rainy Days (No)

Table 1.4 : Agro Ecology, Climate,Hydrology and TopographyName of the State : MaharashtraName of the District : Latur

Types of Terrain

Agro ecological Zone

Name of Taluka

Area of Agroecological

Zone (ha)

Total Area of

Agroecological Zone

(ha)

Sr.NoAgro

Ecological Zone Type

Normal Annual Rainfall

(mm)

1

Centra Maharashtra Plateau

zone/Assured Rainfall

Zone

1.4 Agro Ecology ,climate, Hydrology and Topography

1.4.1 Agro Ecology :

Agro ecology is the application of ecological concepts and methodological design for long-term enhancement and management of soil fertility and agriculture productivity. It provides a strategy to increase diversified agro-ecosystem. So it is benefiting the effect of the incorporation of plant and animal biodiversity, nutrient recycling; biomass creation and growth through the use of natural resource systems based on legumes, trees, and incorporation of livestock. These all make the basis of a sustainable agriculture and aim to improve the food system and societal sustainability. The agro ecology supports production of both a huge quantity and diversity of good quality of food, thread and medicinal crops, together with family utilization and the market for economic and nutritionally at risk population.

Based on the rainfall,soil type and vegetation Latur district falls in agro climatic zone VII viz. Centra Maharashtra Plateau Zone /Assured Rainfall Zone (Table 1.4)

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min max mean min max mean min max mean

1 2 3 4a 4b 4c 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19Plain Latur 99508 99508 22.8 37.5 30.2 15.8 31 23.4 21.9 30.63 26.3Plain Renapur 57633 57633 22.6 37 29.8 13.6 28.9 21.3 22.5 27.9 25.2Plain Nilanga 110602 110602 23.0 36.8 29.9 15.1 30.4 22.8 23.6 28.3 26.0Plain Ausa 124520 124520 25.7 36.9 31.3 14.2 28 21.1 22.5 29.2 25.9

Plain/Hilly S.Anantpal 31022 31022 25.9 38.2 32.1 17.1 29.6 23.4 21.5 30.1 25.8

Hilly Jalkot 34259 34259 24.4 37.8 31.1 13.8 29 21.4 21.3 27.8 24.6Plain Deoni 33028 33028 25.9 38.2 32.1 17.1 29.6 23.4 21.5 30.1 25.8Plain Chakur 68992 68992 22.8 37.5 30.2 15.8 31 23.4 21.9 30.63 26.3

Plain/Hilly Ahmadpur 77716 77716 25.7 36.9 31.3 14.2 28 21.1 22.5 29.2 25.9Plain/Hilly Udgir 77774 77774 25.9 38.2 32.1 17.1 29.6 23.4 21.5 30.1 25.8

715054 715054 24.5 37.5 31.0 15.4 29.5 22.4 22.1 29.4 25.7

Winter (Oct mar)Summer (April-May

Average Weekly Temperature °C

1

Centra Maharashtra Plateau

zone/Assured Rainfall

Zone

Total

Rainy ( June Sept)Name of Taluka

Area of Agroecological

Zone (ha)

Total Area of

Agroecological Zone

(ha)

Table 1.4 : Agro Ecology, Climate,Hydrology and TopographyName of the State : MaharashtraName of the District : Latur

Sr.NoAgro

Ecological Zone Type

Types of Terrain

Agro ecological Zone

(Source-www.mahaagri.com, Oilseed Research Station,Latur) 1.4.2 Climate:

Temperature : The meteorological observatory is located at Oilseed Research Station near latur city in the district. The winter season commences by the end of November when night temperature decreases rapidly. December is generally the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 29.5°C and the mean daily minimum temperature at about 15°C. On some occasions the minimum temperature drops down to 4 or 5°C due to western disturbances. May is generally the hottest month with temperature at 41°C and mean daily minimum temperature 30.9 °C.

Summer winter Rainymax 37.5 29.5 29.4min 24.5 15.4 22.1mean 31 22.4 25.7

05

10152025303540

Temperature

19

Rainfall : Most of the rainfall occurs in the monsoon season from June to September. The normal annual rainfall over the district varies from 650 to 800mm and it increases from southwest to northeast. The average annual rainfall for 2006-2015 is about 706 mm.

1.4.3 Hydrology:

Almost entire district is underlain by the Basaltic lava flows of upper Cretaceous to lower Eocene age. The shallow Alluvial formation of Recent age also occur as

narrow stretch along the banks of major rivers flowing in the area but it does not

form potential aquifer.

(Source-www.cgwb.gov.in)

813.4743.8

797.6

668.4 692.5763.8 754.3

804.6 794.2 815.9

Average annual Rainfall (mm)Average annual Rainfall (mm)

20

Deccan Trap Basalt Deccan Traps occurs as Basaltic lava flows, which are normally horizontally disposed over a wide stretch and give rise to tableland type of topography on weathering also known as plateau. These flows occur in layered sequence ranging in thickness from few metres to 50 m. Flows are represented by massive portion at bottom and vesicular portion at top and are separated from each other by marker bed known as bole bed

Ground water in Deccan Trap Basalt occurs under phreatic conditions at shallow depths upto 15 to 20 m. At deeper levels, the ground water occurs under semi-confined to confined conditions. The weathered and fractured trap occurring in topographic lows, form the main aquifer in the district. The vesicular portion of different lava flow varies in thickness from 15 to 25 m and forms the potential zones. The yield of dugwells tapping upper phreatic aquifer ranges between 25 to 250 m3/day, whereas that of borewells varies form 0.50 to 52.00 m3/day depending upon the local hydrogeological conditions. The exploration data of CGWB and borewell data of Groundwater Surveys and Development Agency (GSDA) reveals the presence of promising deeper confined aquifers even below 100 m. Suitability of Ground Water for Drinking Purpose

The suitability of ground water for drinking purpose is determined

keeping in view the effects of various chemical constituents in water on the biological system of human being. Though many ions are very essential for the

growth of human, but when present in excess, have an adverse effect on human body.

It is seen that the potability of ground water in the wells is mainly affected due to the Nitrate (NO3) as its concentration exceeds more than MPL. Overall, the ground water quality in the wells monitored in the district is affected because of high NO3 concentrations. Suitability of Ground Water for Irrigation Purpose

The water used for irrigation is an important factor in productivity of

crop, its yield and quality of irrigated crops. The quality of irrigation water

depends primarily on the presence of dissolved salts and their concentrations.

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Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) are the

most important quality criteria, which influence the water quality and its

suitability for irrigation. Electrical Conductivity (EC)

The amount of dissolved ions in the water is best represented by the parameter electrical conductivity. The classification of water for irrigation based on the EC values is as follows.

Low Salinity Water (EC: 100-250 µS/cm): This water can be used for irrigation with most crops on most soils with little likelihood that salinity will develop.

Medium Salinity Water (EC: 250 – 750 µS/cm): This water can be used if moderate amount of leaching occurs. Plants with moderate salt tolerance can be grown in most cases without special practices for salinity control.

High Salinity Water (EC: 750 – 2250 µS/cm): This water cannot be used on soils with restricted drainage. Even with adequate drainage, special management for salinity control may be required and plants with good salt tolerance should be selected. Very High Salinity Water (EC: >2250 µS/cm): This water is not suitable for irrigation under ordinary condition. The soils must be permeable, drainage must be adequate, irrigation water must be applied in excess to provide considerable leaching and very salt tolerant crops should be selected. It is found that maximum number of samples (76%) falls under

the category of high salinity water while nearly 19% of samples fall in medium salinity water category. This shows that the ground water in the pre-monsoon

season from shallow aquifer in the district should be used for irrigation with proper soil and crop management practices.

Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC)

Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) is considered to be superior to EC as a measure of sodicity particularly at low salinity levels. It is found that the overall quality of ground water in the monitoring wells is good for irrigation purpose

22

Status of Ground Water Development

Ground water development depends on many factors viz., availability, crop water requirement, socio-economic fabric and on the yield of the aquifers existing in that area. Ground water is predominantly used for irrigation, as it is the major ground

water utilising sector. The total number of dugwells are 50153 and the total

number of tubewells is 78205.

Ground Water Management Strategy

Ground water has special significance for agricultural development in the

district. The ground water development in major parts of the district has reached

a critical stage resulting in decline of ground water levels over a period of time.

There is thus a need to adopt an integrated approach of development of ground

water resources dovetailed with ground water augmentation to provide

sustainability to ground water development.

Ground Water Resources

Central Ground Water Board and GSDA have jointly estimated the ground water resources of Latur district based on GEC-97 methodology.

As per the estimation the annual replenishable groundwater resource is

126264 ha.m with the natural discharge of 6744 ha. m, thus the net annual

ground water availability comes to be 119520 ha.m. The total gross draft for all

uses is estimated at 93702 ha.m with irrigation sector being the major consumer

having a draft of 91637 ha.m. The draft for domestic and industrial sectors is

worked at 2065 ha.m. The overall stage of ground water development for the

district is 78% which is quite high. Out of 10 talukas, Latur, Renapur, Chakur,

Nilanga and partly Ausa and Shirur Anantpal taluka has been categorised as

“ Over Exploited and Semi-Critical”, all the remaining watersheds falls in

“Safe” category. Similarly, the ground water resources were also assessed for all 39 watersheds,

23

out of which 29 watersheds have been categorised as “Safe”, 3 watersheds (MR

16B, MR 24, MR 26) have been categorised as “Semi Critical”, and 7 watersheds (GV 97C, MR 15, MR 19, MR 33, MR 39, MR 43 and MR 44) have

been categorised as “Over-Exploited”.

In all these, “Semi-Critical” and “Over-Exploited” watersheds and “Semi-Critical” watersheds , future ground water development is not recommended

without adhering to the precautionary measures i.e., artificial recharge to

augment the ground water resources and adoption of ground water management practices. Ground Water Development Entire district is underlain by Deccan Trap Basalt. The eastern,

extreme southern and western parts of the district comprising parts of

Ahmedpur, Nilanga, Latur and Ausa talukas have low ground water

development potential. The areas with medium ground water development

potential are observed in northern, central and southern part of the district

comprising entire Shirur-Anantpur taluka and parts of Renapur, Udgir, Nilanga,

Ausa and Latur taluksa. The entire Deoni taluka, northern parts of Chakur,

southern parts of Renapur and Udgir, eastern parts of Latur and extreme south-

western part of district have high ground water development potential. In these

areas, the ground water can be developed through dugwells, dug-cum-bored

wells (DCB) and borewells. However, the sites for borewell need to be selected

only after proper scientific investigation and they should only be used for

drinking water supply and not for irrigation. Also in Latur ,Renapur, Chakur,

Nilanga, and Ausa talukas which are categorised as “ Over Exploited and Semi-

Critical”, the ground water development needs to be carried out with proper

care and planning. The yield of dugwells in the district may be expected to

range from 75 to 250 m3/day, depending on the local hydro geological

conditions.

24

Water Conservation and Artificial Recharge In Basaltic area, the artificial recharge structures feasible

are check dams, gully plugs, percolation tanks, nala bunds, etc. The structures

like gully plugs, contour bunds are most favorable in the hilly area. Existing

dugwells can also be used for artificial recharge; however, the source water

should be properly filtered before being put in the wells.

These sites need to be located where the hydrogeological conditions are

favorable, i.e., where sufficient thickness of unsaturated/de-saturated aquifer

exists and water levels are more than 5 m deep. The post monsoon depth to

water level map and pre monsoon water level trend map gives a good idea of

areas suitable for artificial recharge of ground water and they are located in

major parts of Nilanga, Ausa, Latur, Renapur and Ahmedpur talukas, where

water levels are deep and falling water level trends are also observed.

1.4.4 Geomorphology and Soil Types:

Geomorphologically, Balaghat plateau running eastwards is the main

geomorphological unit. In general the area of the district shows uneven

topography with residual hills belonging to Balaghat ranges. The altitude of the

area ranges between 500 to 715 m above mean sea level (m amsl).

Physiographically, the district can be divided into two parts i.e., Higher

Elevated Plateaus, which occurs in the western and southern parts of the district

in Latur, Ausa, and Nilanga talukas and Lower Elevated River Valleys, which

comprises valley plains of Manyar and Lendi rivers in Ahmedpur and Udgir

talukas and valley plains of Manjra and Tavarja rivers and plains of Terna River

and its tributaries. The district forms a part of Godavari basin.

25

Manjra River, a tributary of Godavari River flowing south-easterly is the

major river in the district. Tawarja and Terna rivers are the main easterly

flowing tributaries while Gharni and Rena rivers are southerly flowing

tributaries of Manjra River. The rivers show dendritic and rectangular drainage

pattern.

26

The district can be divided into the two zones based on soil characteristics

i.e., the first zone which occurs in eastern part of the district comprising of

Ahmedpur, Udgir and parts of Latur and Ausa talukas. It consists of light and light

medium soil of inferior type. They are not retentive of moisture and are therefore

suitable for the cultivation of Kharif crops only. The soil in some parts of Nilanga

taluka is of Lateritic type and the second zone which occurs in western part of the

district comprising parts of Latur and Ausa talukas. They are heavy deep black

cotton soils. Owing to the peculiarity of the soil, both Kharif and Rabi crops are

cultivated in this zone

27

Black Soil Red soil Sandy soil

Sandy loam Others

1 Latur 43677 17574 2594 2759 22994 895982 Renapur 29924 9377 1763 2500 17503 610673 Nilanga 60209 14130 2596 0 42547 1194824 Ausa 45593 16114 3626 2686 32163 1001825 S.Anantpal 15435 4653 1861 1240 8686 318756 Jalkot 9934 5392 693 770 6082 228717 Deoni 23663 5743 731 530 2535 332028 Chakur 24866 12284 2125 0 18085 573609 Ahmadpur 26949 14672 1165 0 18318 6110410 Udgir 21597 10669 1179 1685 17407 52537

301847 110608 18333 12170 186320 629278

Soil Type (Area in ha.)Name of the

talukaSr. No. Total

Total

1.5 Soil Profile:

The district can be divided into two zones based on soil characteristics i.e., the first zone which occurs in eastern part of the district comprises of Ahmedpur, Udgir and parts of Latur and Ausa talukas. It consists of light and light medium soil of inferior type. They are not retentive of moisture and are therefore suitable for the cultivation of Kharif crops only. The soil in some parts of Nilanga taluka is of Lateritic type and the second zone which occurs in western part of the district comprising parts of Latur and Ausa talukas. They are heavy deep black cotton soils. Owing to the peculiarity of the soil, both Kharif and Rabi crops are cultivated in this zone. The Latur district is situated on plateau and low hills of extended Balaghat ranges of main Sahyadri ranges from Marathwada region which are made up of Deccan Trap basaltic flows. They have NW – SE strike direction. Deccan volcanic, being horizontal in disposition. Show the development of flat surfaces. They are very often covered by thick piles of alluvial soil. At places, they are characterized by high degree of weathering and subsequent erosion. All these factors are very important for the occurrence of shallow water table conditions

Major soil types in Latur district is shown in following table:

Source-Strategic Research Extension Plan of Latur District 2013-14)

28

1.5.1 Slope Slope of land is also one of the important physiographic aspects influencing the land use of an area. The effect of slope on agriculture may be both direct and indirect. The most obvious direct influence of slope is in the form of the restrained on cultivation and accessibility. The indirect effect of slope manifests itself in pedological and climatic modification including the position of water table, development of soils, air drainage, and relative freedom from frost. This classification gives information regarding slope percent classes in the study area.

(Source-MRSAC,Latur)

46%

16%3%2%

33%

Major Soil Types Black soil Red soil Sandy soil Sandy loam soil other

Major Soil Classes Area (ha) 1-3 %(ha) 3-5 %(ha) 5-10 %(ha) 10-15 %(ha) 15-35 %(ha)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7

Latur IIes,IIsw,IIws,IIIs,IIIes, IVse,IVes,VIes,VIIes 99508.00 72822.89 20969.09 248.91 54.16 -

Renapur IIes,IIsw,IIws,IIIs,IIIes, IVse,IVes,VIes,VIIes 57633.00 46643.07 7215.65 286.77 38.62 21.68

Nilanga IIw,IIes,IIsw,IIws,IIIs,IIIes, IVse,IVes,VIs,VIes,VIIes 110602.00 79001.63 23452.54 1921.96 270.63 37.07

Ausa IIsw,IIws,IIIs,IIIes, IVse,IVes,VIes,VIIes 124520.00 87793.92 29441.48 275.19 13.47 38.61

S.Anantpal IIsw,IIws,IIIs,IIIes, IVse,IVes,VIes,VIIes 31022.00 22432.52 7992.46 304.03 35.4 19.8

Jalkot IIws,IIIs,IIIes, IVse,IVes,VIes,VIIes 34259.00 11946.88 17664.55 3618.16 292.08 106.95

Deoni IIsw,IIws,IIIs,IIIes, IVse,IVes,VIs,VIes,VIIes 33028.00 25119.39 13652.96 201.17 - 3.7

Chakur IIsw,IIws,IIIs,IIIes, IVse,IVes,VIs,VIes,VIIes 68992.00 37876.76 19956.07 6076 1600.14 596.62

Ahmadpur IIws,IIes,IIsw,IIIs,IIIes, IVse,IVes,VIs,VIes,VIIes 77716.00 37528.23 30815.59 3443.11 722.17 269.17

Udgir IIw,IIes,IIsw,IIws,IIIs,IIIes, IVse,IVes,VIs,VIes,VIIes 77774.00 27121.68 3092.39 8743.92 1460.24 1791.9

715054.00 448286.97 174252.78 25119.22 4486.91 2885.5Total

Table 1.5 : Soil profileName of the State : MaharashtraName of the District : Latur

Land SlopeName of the

Taluka

Soil Type

29

Latur Renapur Nilanga Ausa S.Anantpal Jalkot Deoni Chakur Ahmadp

ur Udgir

1-3 %(ha) 72822.89 46643.07 79001.63 87793.92 22432.52 11946.88 25119.39 37876.76 37528.23 27121.68

3-5 %(ha) 20969.09 7215.65 23452.54 29441.48 7992.46 17664.55 13652.96 19956.07 30815.59 3092.39

5-10 %(ha) 248.91 286.77 1921.96 275.19 304.03 3618.16 201.17 6076 3443.11 8743.92

10-15 %(ha) 54.16 38.62 270.63 13.47 35.4 292.08 0 1600.14 722.17 1460.24

15-35 %(ha) 0 21.68 37.07 38.61 19.8 106.95 3.7 596.62 269.17 1791.9

0100002000030000400005000060000700008000090000

100000

Area

(ha)

Bolckwise Land slope (ha.)

30

1.6 Soil Erosion & Runoff Status :-

Soil erosion is a naturally occurring process that affects all landforms. In

agriculture, soil erosion refers to the wearing away of a field's topsoil by the

natural physical forces of weather and wind or through forces associated with

farming activities such as tillage.

Erosion, whether it is by water, wind or tillage, involves three distinct

actions – soil detachment, movement and deposition. Topsoil, which is high in

organic matter, fertility and soil life, is relocated elsewhere "on-site" where it

builds up over time or is carried "off-site" where it fills in drainage channels. Soil

erosion reduces cropland productivity and contributes to the pollution of adjacent

watercourses, wetlands, and lakes.

Soil erosion can be a slow process that continues relatively unnoticed or can

31

occur at an alarming rate, causing serious loss of topsoilThe greater the intensity

and duration of a rainstorm, the higher the erosion potential. The impact of

raindrops on the soil surface can break down soil aggregates and disperse the

aggregate material. Lighter aggregate materials such as very fine sand, silt, clay

and organic matter are easily removed by the raindrop splash and runoff water;

greater raindrop energy or runoff amounts are required to move larger sand and

gravel particles.

Soil movement by rainfall (raindrop splash) is usually greatest and most

noticeable during short-duration, high-intensity thunderstorms. Although the

erosion caused by long-lasting and less-intense storms is not usually as spectacular

or noticeable as that produced during thunderstorms, the amount of soil loss can be

significant, especially when compounded over time. There is no sedimentary monitoring station in the district.Also data of soil erosion is not available for this district. Remote sensing based soil erosion map is attached.

32

1.7 Land use pattern: The conservation and development of land resource is

in area needs special focus. It needs well thought and rational planning, which in

turn depends upon minute observation of land use pattern. The aim of this study is

clear visualization of local land environment. The intense and focused study of the

details of land use puts us in a position to conserve the important elements of the

nature, which otherwise lead in a direction of destruction and consequently

threaten the social strata. The present study focuses mainly on dimension, which is

very important from the sustainability point of view that is distribution of different

groups of land use, i.e. their ratios in the region. Therefore, it becomes very

complex and diversified to study all the groups available at micro-level,

homogenous groups are generalized to reduce the number of groups, and these

simplified groups of land use are called generalized land use classification

Land use classification by Statistical Department of Government of India.

I. Geographical Area - Area calculated by Survey Department.

II. Reported Area (Statistical area related to land use)

1. Forest .

2. Land not Available for Cultivation . a) Land Put to Non- Agricultural Use.

b) Barren and Uncultivable Land.

3. Other Uncultivable and excluding Fallow Land. a) Permanent Pastures and

Other Grazing Land. b) Miscellaneous Tree Crops and Gardens.

c) Culturable Waste Land.

4 Fallow Land a) Fallow Other than Current Fallow b) Current Fallow

5. Cultivated Land a) Net Sown Area, b) Area Sown More Than Once.

I. Net Irrigated Area.

II.Total Irrigated Area.

33

Out of total geographic area (7,15,054 ha.) of the district area under Agriculture use viz. net cultivated area is 6,29,278 ha (91%) whereas gross cultivated area is 8,29,684 ha. Area under forest is 3,534 ha (0.50 %) and area under non-agricultural use and non cultivable land is about 30,578 ha (6%). And area under other use is 15,638 ha (3 %). It is alarming that area under forest is very negligible against 33% expected. The area under Rabi season is double cropped area that is area sown more than once.Therefore cropping intensity of the district is 132 %.

(Source-District Socio economic Survey 2014 of Latur District)

91%

0.50%6%

3%

Land use pattern(Ha.)

Agriculture

Forest

Wasteland

Other

34

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

Blockwise Land use Pattern

Net Sown area (2) Area under ForessSeries 2 Wasteland Other use

35

CHAPTER II : District Water Profile

2.1 Areawise,Cropwise Irrigation Status

Out of total geographical area of Latur district, Gross cultivated area is 8,29,684 ha. Out of which normal area under kharip crop is 580408 ha. including 1800 ha. is irrigated and about 578608 ha. is rainfed area. Rabbi crop area is 1,87,500 ha which includes rainfed are of 1,29,115 ha. and irrigated area 58,385 ha. In Summer season area under Irrigation is 52,396 ha.which includes 46396 ha. sugarcane.The area under horticulture and vegetable is 9,380 ha.out of which 4298 is irrigated and 5082 is rainfed.Prominantly in Latur district major cropped area is rainfed.The area under irrigation is about 14 percent only.

(Source-Agriculture Department of Latur)

Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total

Cereals 0 93700 93700 30778 23922 54700 2600 0 2600 0 0 0 33378 117622 151000

Coarse Cereals 0 1100 1100 0 500 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1600 1600

Pulses 0 144400 144400 27607 82993 110600 0 0 0 0 0 0 27607 227393 255000

Oilseeds 0 337408 337408 0 21700 21700 3400 0 3400 0 0 0 3400 359108 362508

Fibre Crops 1800 2000 3800 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1800 2000 3800

Any Other Crops(Sugarcane ) 0 0 0 0 0 46396 0 46396 0 0 0 46396 0 46396

Horti. &Veg. crops 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4298 5082 9380 4298 5082 9380

Total 1800 578608 580408 58385 129115 187500 52396 0 52396 4298 5082 9380 116879 712805 829684

Table 2.1 : Areawise,Cropwise Irrigation Status

Kharif (Area in ha) Rabbi (Area in ha) Summer Crop (Area in ha) Horti. &Veg. crops (Area in ha) Total

Name of the State : MaharashtraName of the District : Latur

Crop Type

36

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Kharip Rabbi Summer Horti & veg.Rainfed 578608 129115 0 5082Irrigated 1800 58385 52396 4298

Areawise Irrigation Status (Ha.)

Cereals C. Cereals Pulses Oilseeds Cotton Sugarcane Horti.&Veg.

Irrigated 33378 0 27607 3400 1800 46396 4298Rain fed 117622 1600 227393 359108 2000 0 5082

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

Are

a (H

a.)

Cropwise Irrigation Status

37

1%

5%

21%

24%

2%3%0%

40%

4%

Area Ha.)Cotton

R. jowar

Wheat

Gram

S.Maize

S.Groundnut

S.Sunflower

Sugarcane

Horticulture & vegetables

38

2.1 A Kharip

2.1 B Rabi

Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total

Latur 0 10900 10900 0 100 100 0 22500 22500 0 42600 42600 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 76100 76100Renapur 0 5900 5900 0 100 100 0 7100 7100 0 29500 29500 130 170 300 0 0 0 130 42770 42900Nilanga 0 12550 12550 0 200 200 0 19600 19600 0 78408 78408 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110758 110758

Ausa 0 17850 17850 0 200 200 0 30000 30000 0 45100 45100 44 56 100 0 0 0 44 93206 93250S.Anantpal 0 3200 3200 0 100 100 0 5500 5500 0 14300 14300 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 23100 23100

Jalkot 0 5200 5200 0 100 100 0 5700 5700 0 22300 22300 174 326 500 0 0 0 174 33626 33800Deoni 0 6800 6800 0 0 0 0 10600 10600 0 14400 14400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31800 31800

Chakur 0 10300 10300 0 100 100 0 14700 14700 0 33000 33000 40 60 100 0 0 0 40 58160 58200Ahmadpur 0 10500 10500 0 100 100 0 15200 15200 0 34800 34800 1395 1305 2700 0 0 0 1395 61905 63300

Udgir 0 10500 10500 0 100 100 0 13500 13500 0 23000 23000 17 83 100 0 0 0 17 47183 47200

Total 0 93700 93700 0 1100 1100 0 144400 144400 0 337408 337408 1800 2000 3800 0 0 0 1800 578608 580408

Vegetables TotalCerealsName of Taluka

Coarse Cereals Pulses Oilseeds Cotton2.1 A) Kharip Season

Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total

Latur 4348 4284 8632 0 75 75 5635 12645 18280 0 1100 1100 0 0 0 9983 18104 28087

Renapur 2842 2169 5011 0 51 51 3554 10433 13987 0 1100 1100 0 0 0 6396 13753 20149

Nilanga 6576 3746 10322 0 88 88 7375 19912 27287 0 6400 6400 0 0 0 13951 30146 44097

Ausa 6248 6063 12311 0 70 70 4767 11950 16717 0 5300 5300 0 0 0 11015 23383 34398

S.Anantpal 1785 2077 3862 0 31 31 1130 6157 7287 0 1100 1100 0 0 0 2915 9365 12280

Jalkot 1027 850 1877 0 18 18 1006 1686 2692 0 600 600 0 0 0 2033 3154 5187

Deoni 775 1158 1933 0 26 26 1086 4303 5389 0 2000 2000 0 0 0 1861 7487 9348

Chakur 1969 1920 3889 0 35 35 980 7207 8187 0 1400 1400 0 0 0 2949 10562 13511

Ahmadpur 2563 810 3373 0 52 52 1008 4379 5387 0 1400 1400 0 0 0 3571 6641 10212

Udgir 2645 845 3490 0 54 54 1066 4321 5387 0 1300 1300 0 0 0 3711 6520 10231

Total 30778 23922 54700 0 500 500 27607 82993 110600 0 21700 21700 0 0 0 58385 129115 187500

Vegetables TotalName of Taluka

Cereals Coarse Cereals Pulses Oilseeds2.1 B) Rabi Season

39

2.1 C Summer

2.1 D Total

Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total

Latur 4748 15184 19932 0 175 175 5635 35145 40780 0 43700 43700 9453 0 9453 0 0 0 56 742 798 509 0 509 20401 94946 115347

Renapur 3142 8069 11211 0 151 151 3554 17533 21087 500 30600 31100 6595 0 6595 130 170 300 263 525 788 280 0 280 14464 57048 71512

Nilanga 6876 16296 23172 0 288 288 7375 39512 46887 500 84808 85308 5936 0 5936 0 0 0 278 498 776 204 0 204 21169 141402 162571

Ausa 6648 23913 30561 0 270 270 4767 41950 46717 400 50400 50800 6131 0 6131 44 56 100 852 941 1793 274 0 274 19116 117530 136646

S.Anantpal 1985 5277 7262 0 131 131 1130 11657 12787 300 15400 15700 2618 0 2618 0 0 0 22 408 430 225 0 225 6280 32873 39153

Jalkot 1127 6050 7177 0 118 118 1006 7386 8392 300 22900 23200 2957 0 2957 174 326 500 73 461 534 196 0 196 5833 37241 43074

Deoni 875 7958 8833 0 26 26 1086 14903 15989 400 16400 16800 2672 0 2672 0 0 0 4 221 225 131 0 131 5168 39508 44676

Chakur 2269 12220 14489 0 135 135 980 21907 22887 300 34400 34700 1242 0 1242 40 60 100 5 225 230 121 0 121 4957 68947 73904

Ahmadpur 2763 11310 14073 0 152 152 1008 19579 20587 300 36200 36500 6335 0 6335 1395 1305 2700 39 595 634 361 0 361 12201 69141 81342

Udgir 2945 11345 14290 0 154 154 1066 17821 18887 400 24300 24700 2457 0 2457 17 83 100 25 466 491 380 0 380 7290 54169 61459

Total 33378 117622 151000 0 1600 1600 27607 227393 255000 3400 359108 362508 46396 0 46396 1800 2000 3800 1617 5082 6699 2681 0 2681 116879 712805 829684

2.1 Total SeasonTotal

Name of TalukaCereals Coarse Cereals Pulses Oilseeds Sugarcane Cotton Fruit Vegetables

Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total Irrigated Rainfed Total

Latur 400 0 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9453 0 9453 509 0 509 56 742 798 10418 742 11160

Renapur 300 0 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 500 6595 0 6595 280 0 280 263 525 788 7938 525 8463

Nilanga 300 0 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 500 5936 0 5936 204 0 204 278 498 776 7218 498 7716

Ausa 400 0 400 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 0 400 6131 0 6131 274 0 274 852 941 1793 8057 941 8998

S.Anantpal 200 0 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 0 300 2618 0 2618 225 0 225 22 408 430 3365 408 3773

Jalkot 100 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 0 300 2957 0 2957 196 0 196 73 461 534 3626 461 4087

Deoni 100 0 100 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 0 400 2672 0 2672 131 0 131 4 221 225 3307 221 3528

Chakur 300 0 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 0 300 1242 0 1242 121 0 121 5 225 230 1968 225 2193

Ahmadpur 200 0 200 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 0 300 6335 0 6335 361 0 361 39 595 634 7235 595 7830

Udgir 300 0 300 0 0 0 0 0 0 400 0 400 2457 0 2457 380 0 380 25 466 491 3562 466 4028

Total 2600 0 2600 0 0 0 0 0 0 3400 0 3400 46396 0 46396 2681 0 2681 1617 5082 6699 56694 5082 61776

Fruit TotalName of Taluka

Cereals Coarse Cereals Pulses Oilseeds2.1 C) Summer Season

Sugarcane Vegetables

40

Crop Category Area(Ha) Production (Tn/Yr)

Productivity of yield (kgs/ha)

Cost of cultivation

(Rs/Ha) Area(Ha) Production

(Tn/Yr)

Productivity of yield (kgs/ha)

Cost of cultivation

(Rs/Ha) Area(Ha) Production

(Tn/Yr)

Productivity of yield (kgs/ha)

Cost of cultivation (Rs/Ha)

Cereals 93700 124340 1327 33628 0 0 0 0 93700 124340 1327 33628Coarse cereals 1100 385 350 0 0 0 0 0 1100 385 350 0

Pulses 144400 135158 936 44474 0 0 0 0 144400 135158 936 44474Oil seeds 337408 575955 1707 45245 0 0 0 0 337408 575955 1707 45245Cotton 2000 4650 2325 58992 1800 4914 2730 65626 3800 9564 2517 124618Cereals 23922 22152 926 21786 30778 56478 1835 39692 54700 78629 1437 61478

Coarse cereals 500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 500 0 0 0Pulses 82993 67473 813 30884 27607 36773 1332 36659 110600 104246 943 65543

Oil seeds 21700 12846 592 0 0 0 0 0 21700 12846 592 -Cotton 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Cereals 0 0 0 0 2600 3900 1500 0 2600 3900 1500 0

Coarse cereals 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Pulses 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Oil seeds 0 0 0 0 3400 4417 1299 0 3400 4417 1299 0Cotton 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0Cereals 117622 146492 1245 0 33378 60378 1809 0 151000 206869 1370 0

Coarse cereals 1600 385 241 0 0 0 0 0 1600 385 241 0Pulses 227393 202632 891 0 27607 36773 1332 0 255000 239404 939 0

Oil seeds 359108 588802 1640 0 3400 4417 1299 0 362508 593218 1636 0Cotton 2000 4650 2325 1800 4914 2730 0 3800 9564 2517 0

Sugarcane 0 0 46396 2783760 60000 160303 46396 2783760 60000 160303Fruit Crop 5082 50820 10000 1617 27489 17000 6699 78309 11690 0Vegetable 0 0 0 2681 3753.4 1400 2681 3753 1400 0

712805 116879 829684TOTAL

C ) Summer

Total

Table 2.2 : Production and Productivity of Major Crops

Name of the District : Latur

A ) Kharif

B) Rabi

Name of the State : Maharashtra

Season

Rainfed Irrigated Total

2.2 Production and Productivity of Major Crops: The Latur district is known for oilseeds and pulses.About 65% area of Kharip

season is covered by soyabean,a prominent oilseed crop which has proved the sustainability for rain fed farmers crop. Areawise Arhar (pigeon pea) contributes second position. In rabbi season Gram is widely sown as a rainfed crop which has ability to yield more with 1-2 protective irrigations. Area under cereals is at third position which has dual value as foodgrain and fodder.

Processing units like soyabean solvent plants and dal mills have required raw material of soyabean, arhar and gram.These industries have developed their brand at national level and has helped to boost the agriculture sector economy of the Latur district. Sugar factories are also running successfully.

Overall production of oilseeds is 5.93 lakh tons,pulses 2.39 lakh tons,cereals 2.07 lakh tons per year.This production is mainly from rainfed area.The per hacter average productivity of cereals is 1370 kg, pulses 939 kg, oilseed 1636 kg, and sugarcane is 60 ton. The fruit crops viz. grape, mango, and vegetables like tomato and chilli. The major area of cereals ,pulses and oilseeds is rainfed.so the productivity is low. By providing 1-2 protective irrigations to the rainfed area the productivity can be enhance upto 1.5 to 2 times.

41

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

Cereals Pulses Oil seeds Sugarcane Fruit & vegetableCrop

Crop Categoriwise Production & Productivity

Area(Ha) Production (Tn/Yr)

42

Table 2.3 : Irrigation based classificationName of the State : MaharashtraName of the District : Latur

Gross Irrigated area

Net irrigated area

Partially irrigated / protective irrigtation

Un-irrigated

1 Latur 32191 28392 0 37992 Renapur 18250 15276 0 29743 Nilanga 29129 22021 0 71084 Ausa 15349 11547 0 38025 S.Anantpal 8886 5638 0 32486 Jalkot 7840 5555 0 22857 Deoni 7651 5326 0 23258 Chakur 11303 6636 0 46679 Ahmadpur 30415 20317 0 10098

10 Udgir 16011 11089 0 4922 TOTAL 177025 131797 0 45228

Rain fed(area in ha)

Total

Irrigated(area in ha)

Sr.No Name of the block

2.3 Irrigation Based Classification:

Latur district is benefited by two major projects namely Manjra dam situated in Beed district towards western part of Latur,another Lower Terna project situated in Osmanabad district towards southern part of latur district with 4168 ha. Irrigation potential.The completed Medium irrigation project in district are 8 viz. , Gharni, Tavarja, Vhati, Sakol, Masalga, Devarjan, and Giraknal with 16858 ha. Irrigation potential.The completed minor irrigation project are 132 number with 62737 ha. Irrigation potential.

Apart from this one Uppar Manyad lift irrigation scheme is partially completed with present irrigation potential of 2000 ha.Also 14 barrages KT weirs on Manjra River are incompleted with irrigation potential of 15836 ha.

The barrages/KT weirs with 2788 ha. Irrigation potential are in progress. The irrigation potential of about 3000 ha. is created by local sector (Water consevation) and Zilla parisha minor irrigation.

The gross irrigated area is 1,77,025 ha. and net irrigated area is 1,31,797 ha.The highest irrigated area is in Latur, second Nilanga, and third is Ahmadpur taluka. S.Anantpal, Jalkot, Deoni are at par with nearly 5500 ha. net irrigated area (see Table no. 2.3)

(Source-Irrigation Department,Latur)

43

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

Blockwise Irrigation Status

Gross Irrigated area Net irrigated area

44

1 Surface irrigation

i) Canal (Major & Medium Irrigation) 0.07281 0.132255 0.0000 0.205065ii) Minor irrigation tanks 0.066915 0.067419 0.0000 0.134334iii) Lift Irrigation / Diversion 0.009914 0.051743 0.0000 0.061657

iv) Various water bodies including rain water harvest 0.0136582 0.0956075 0.0273164 0.136582

v) Treated effluent Received from STP - - - -vi) Untreated Effluent - - - -vii) Perennial source of water - - - -

Total ( 1) 0.1632972 0.3470245 0.0273164 0.53763812 Ground Water

i) Open well 0.0217796 0.152457 0.0435592 0.217796ii) Deep Tube well

iii) Medium Tube well

iv) Shallow tube wells 0.0326694 0.2286858 0.0653388 0.326694Total (2) 0.0544490 0.3811430 0.1088980 0.5444900

0.2177462 0.7281675 0.1362144 1.0821281TOTAL (1+2)

Table 3.1 : Status of Water AvailabilityName of the State : MaharashtraName of the District : Latur

Total (BCM)

Kharif Rabbi Summer Total Sr.No Sources

CHAPTER-III

Water Availability

3.1 Status of water availability:

Water availability for irrigation in Latur district is 1.0821281 BCM It is taken as 95% of total availability. In this different sources contribution occur viz Surface irrigation (Canal, minor irrigation tanks, lift irrigation, rain water harvest) and ground water (open well, shallow tube well).Out of this total water availability water available from surface irrigation source 0.5376381 BCM, and water availability from ground source is 0.544900 BCM

(Source – Irrigation Department & GSDA, Latur)

45

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

Surface water

Ground water

Existing seasonwise Surface and Ground water availability (BCM)

Kharip

Rabi

Summer

46

3.2 Status of Ground water availability:

The rainfall data analysis indicates that the probabilities of occurrence of

moderate drought varies from 18% at Latur to 30% at Ausa. The entire district

comes under “drought area”. In major parts of the district, falling/declining water

level trends have been observed in almost entire Nilanga, Ausa, Latur and Renapur

talukas and northern part of Ahmadpur and southern part of Udgir taluka. These

areas also coincide with deeper premonsoon water levels in the range of 10 to 20 m

bgl. The talukas categorised as “Over Explioted and Semi-Critical” viz.,

Latur,Renapur, Ausa, Nilanga and Chakur, talukas where the stage of ground water

development has already reached about 70% or more also coincide with the deeper

water level and declining trend areas. Thus future water conservation and artificial

recharge structures in the district may be prioritised in this part of the district. Also

future ground water development is not recommended without adhering to the

precautionary measures i.e., artificial recharge to augment the ground water

resources and adoption of ground water management practices.There is potential of

ground water use in taluka viz. Devni, S.Anantpal and some parts of

Ahmadpur,Udgir,Jalkot.

Ground water quality is adversely affected by nitrate contamination in 62%

of the samples collected in May 2011. Continues intake of high nitrate

concentration water causes infant methaemoglobinamea, popularly known as Blue

Babies disease. Thus all the wells used for water supply should be first analysed

for nitrate contents and if the nitrate content is found beyond permissible limit the

ground water may be used for other purposes than drinking. Adequate sanitary

protection to the wells may be provided to control the nitrate contamination.

Ground water availability in the Latur district as per watershed shown in Table no 3.2. The overall stage of ground water development for the district is 78% which is quite high. The ground water resources were also assessed for all 39 watersheds, out of which 29 watersheds have been categorised as “Safe”, 3

47

watersheds ( MR 16B, MR 24, MR 26) have been categorised as “Semi Critical”, and 7 watersheds (GV 97C, MR 15, MR 19, MR 33, MR 39, MR 43 and MR 44) have been categorised as “Over-Exploited”.

7

3

29

Status of watershedOverexploited Semi Critical Safe

48

Name of Taluka covered

Over Exploited Semi critical Safe Draft Recharge Gap1 GV 96 B Ahmadpur Safe 0.00167 0.00268

2 GV 97 C Ahmadpur Over Exploited 0.00194 0.00185 -0.000090

3 MR 14 Renapur Safe 0.00266 0.00322

4 MR 15 Renapur Over Exploited 0.01943 0.01803 -0.00140

5 MR 16 B Latur Semi critical 0.01799 0.01919

6 MR 19 Latur Over Exploited 0.02783 0.01974 -0.00809

7 MR 20 Latur,,Ausa Safe 0.02491 0.03787

8 MR 21 B Ausa Safe 0.02456 0.03540

9 MR24 Latur Semi critical 0.01286 0.01539

10 MR 25 Renapur Safe 0.00386 0.00537

11 MR 26 Latur Semi critical 0.01947 0.02187

12 MR 27 Latur Safe 0.00955 0.01497

13 MR 28 Ausa Safe 0.01575 0.01986

14 MR 29 Ausa Safe 0.02286 0.03277

15 MR 31 A Ahmadpur,Chakur,Renapur Safe 0.02065 0.03200

16 MR 32 A Latur,Chakur Safe 0.00815 0.01272

17 MR 32 B Renapur Safe 0.00744 0.00941

18 MR 33 Latur,Chakur,S.Anantpal,Ausa Over Exploited 0.01783 0.01216 -0.00567

19 MR 34 Ausa,Nilanga Safe 0.02580 0.03518

20 MR 35 Ausa,Nilanga Safe 0.01351 0.02406

21 MR 36 B Nilanga Safe 0.00924 0.01083

22 MR 37 Ahmadpur Safe 0.00814 0.01418

23 MR 38 Ahmadpur,Chakur Safe 0.01980 0.03052

24 MR 39 Chakur Over Exploited 0.02100 0.01705 -0.00395

25 MR 40 Chakur,S.Anantpal Safe 0.00972 0.01694

26 MR 41 S.Anantpal Safe 0.01433 0.02037

27 MR 42 Nilanga,S.Anantpal Safe 0.01064 0.01613

28 MR 43 Nilanga Over Exploited 0.01697 0.01305 -0.00392

29 MR 44 Nilanga,Ausa Over Exploited 0.01729 0.01546 -0.00183

30 MR 45 Nilanga Safe 0.02239 0.02669

31 MR 46 B Ahmadpur,Jalkot Safe 0.00823 0.01659

32 MR 47 Chakur,Udgir,Jalkot,Ahmadpur Safe 0.01935 0.03157

33 MR 48 Udgir,Deoni,S.Anantpal Safe 0.01199 0.02600

34 MR 51 A Ahmadpur,Jalkot Safe 0.01159 0.02150

35 MR 52 B Jalkot Safe 0.00403 0.00747

36 MR 53 B Udgir Safe 0.01234 0.01964

37 MR 54 Udgir,Deoni Safe 0.00988 0.01282

38 MR 55 Udgir,Deoni Safe 0.01448 0.01913

39 MR 56 B Deoni Safe 0.00436 0.00684

Total 39 7 3 29 0.54449 0.71652 -0.02495Source : GSDA

3.2 Status of Ground Water Availability

Sr. No. Watershed Name

Status of watershed as per Central Ground water board notification Ground Water (BCM)

49

Category of Watershed of Latur District

Over Exploited-7 Semi-critical- 3

Safe-29

50

Total Area Developed area

Underdeveloped

area

Total Area

Developed area

Underdeveloped area

Total Area

Developed area

Underdeveloped area

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11Latur 22219 22219 0 6173 0 6173 28392 22219 6173

Renapur 13238 13238 0 2038 0 2038 15276 13238 2038Nilanga 19730 19730 0 2291 600 1691 22021 20330 1691

Ausa 10661 10661 0 886 0 886 11547 10661 886S.Anantpal 5615 5502 113 23 0 23 5638 5502 136

Jalkot 4593 4593 0 962 760 202 5555 5353 202Deoni 5302 5302 0 24 0 24 5326 5302 24Chakur 5630 4552 1078 1006 433 573 6636 4985 1651

Ahmadpur 18306 17354 952 2011 0 2011 20317 17354 2963Udgir 9312 8854 458 1777 0 1777 11089 8854 2235

114606 112005 2601 17191 1793 15398 131797 113798 17999Total

Name of the District : Latur

Name of District

Name of taluka

Information of canal Command Information on the other services Command Total

Latur

Table 3.3 : Status of Command AreaName of the State : Maharashtra

3.3 Status of command area:

Total command area in osmanabad is 1,31,797 ha. Out of which 113798 ha. area is under developed command and 17999 ha. area undeveloped command area. ( Table no. 3.3 )

(Source- Irrigation Dept. Latur)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Blockwise ststus of command area (Ha.)

Total area

Developed area

Underdeveloped area

51

Govt. Canal

Community /

pvt canal

Community ponds including

small

Indivitual / pvt ponds

Govt. Reserveoir /

Darms Govt. Pvt. Govt. Pvt. Govt. Pvt.

Latur 15 - 18 1392 108 1533 - - - 12537 - 17535 30072 1033 - 27527 - - 32638 27527

Renapur 8 - 5 687 46 746 - - - 6033 - 6592 12625 449 - 11584 - - 13820 11584

Nilanga 24 - 44 770 96 934 - - - 6704 - 12416 19120 1752 - 20015 - - 21806 20015

Ausa 21 - 36 1356 137 1550 - - - 5318 - 11531 16849 1220 - 25264 - - 19619 25264

S.Anantpal 2 - 11 342 51 406 - - - 5049 - 2706 7755 48 - 5305 - - 8209 5305

Jalkot 13 - 50 127 97 287 - - - 1884 - 1889 3773 180 - 8426 - - 4240 8426

Deoni 13 - 6 233 84 336 - - - 3212 - 3625 6837 226 - 4930 - - 7399 4930

Chakur 25 - 8 557 125 715 - - - 2889 - 7966 10855 947 - 10612 - - 12517 10612

Ahmadpur 35 - 18 739 184 976 - - - 2746 - 5063 7809 1195 - 7231 - - 9980 7231

Udgir 19 - 48 598 169 834 - - - 3781 - 8882 12663 547 - 8000 - - 14044 8000Total 175 - 244 6801 1097 8317 - - - 50153 - 78205 128358 7597 - 128894 - - 144272 128894

Table 3.4 : Existing type of IrrigationName of the State : MaharashtraName of the District : Latur

Source of irrigation

Blocks

Canal Based Tanks/Ponds/Reservoirs

Water extracting unit

(4+5+6)

Other sources

including trational WHS (3)

Treated effluent

dishcharged form

STP

Water extraction divices / lift

Surface irrigation(1) Ground Water (2)

Total Total

Total Tube wells

Irrigation source (1+2+3)

Open Wells Bore well

Electircity pump (4)

Diesel pump (5)

Other (6)

3.4 Existing type of irrigation:

The existing irrigation source in Latur District consist of surface irrigation source, Ground water draft and water harvesting structure. The Canal based irrigation projects in district are nearly 175 other surface sources are village community ponds, farm ponds and Govt. reservoirs/ dams viz. percolation tank, KT weires, barrages, storage tanks etc. with 8142 in numbers the water harvesting structure like earthen bunds & cement check dams are about 7597. Ground water draft is from open wells & borewells numbering about 50153 and 78205 respectively. During 2014 and 2015 district ratio only 450mm rainfall i.e. nearly 50% of the annual average borewells for irrigation purpose. It has resulted in deeping underground water. The watersheds classified as semi-critical and safe may turned into category of over exploited.

(Source – Irrigation Department, GSDA, Latur.nic.in, MSEB Latur)

52

Block Population in 2015

Projected population in 2020

Gross water demand 2015 (BCM)

Gross water Demand 2020 ( BCM )

LATUR 726595 776468 0.023227408 0.02337097RENAPUR 146603 151479 0.002140404 0.002211593NILANGA 337276 350833 0.005926147 0.006217158

AUSA 321218 334235 0.005693182 0.005976609S.ANANTPAL 86112 88987 0.001257235 0.00129921

JALKOT 89909 92900 0.001312671 0.00135634DEONI 222011 236635 0.006342671 0.006844308

CHAKUR 183483 189586 0.002678852 0.002767956AHMADPUR 245905 256929 0.004808999 0.005083187

UDGIR 205456 212290 0.002999658 0.003099434 TOTAL 2564568 2690342 0.056387228 0.058226766

Table 4.1 : Domestic Water DemandName of the State : MaharashtraName of the District : Latur

CHAPTER-IV

4.1 Domestic water demand: According to Froukh the term ‘domestic water demand’ is the amount of water required for domestic uses. Water demand forecasting is essential to water utilities, both for day-to-day operations and for long-term planning. A number of factors like climate, culture, food habits, work and working conditions, level and type of development, and physiology determine the requirement of water. The domestic use of water is for drinking, cooking, bathing, washing cloths, washing of utensils, cleaning of houses and flushing of latrines etc.

Latur district has population of 25,64,568 lakh and projected population in 2020 will 26,90,342 lakh & for this population domestic water requirement up to 2020 is 0.058226766 BCM (see Table No.4.1)

According to census 2011 latur district has population of 25,90,342 and projected population in 2020 is 26,90,342 presently the urban population in district is 6.78 lakh. and rural population 18.86 lakh. The projected figures for 2020 all 7.42 and 19.48 lakh respectively. The domestic demand for urban is assumed as 110 Lit. per day per capita & for rural area its is 40 lit per day per

53

capita. The present domestic water demand is 0.56387228 BCM and it is projected as 0.58226766 BCM in 2020.

4.2 Crop water requirement:

The crop water requirement of crop is the total quantity of water required

from its sowing time up to harvest. Naturally different crops may have different

water requirements at different places, depending upon the climate, type of soil,

method of cultivation, effective rain etc. The total water required for crop growth is

not uniformly distributed over its entire life span which is also called crop period.

Actually, the watering stops same time before harvest and the time duration from

the first irrigation during sowing up to the last before harvest is called base period.

Though crop period is slightly more than the base period, they do not differ from

practical purposes. The total depth of water required to raise a crop over a unit area of land is usually called delta. It is measured in mm.Crop water requirement is calculated based on water depth required for each crop.

Crop water requirement is saperately computed for irrigated crops (Table no.4.2.1), for rainfed crops water requirement is computed for 1-2 protective irrigations (Table no. 4.2.2).The cumulative water requirement for rainfed and irrigated crops is given in (Table no.4.2.3).

54

Disrict Crops Area sown (ha Normal)

Irrigated area (Ha )

Crop water demand (mm)

Water potential required (CUM)

Water potential required (BCM)

Existing water

potential (BCM)

Water potential to be created

(BCM) Paddy 4600 0 0 0 0Kh. Jawar 79600 0 0 0 0 Bajara 3100 0 0 0 0 Maize 6400 0 0 0 0 Other Cereals 1100 0 0 0 0 Tur 106100 0 0 0 0 Mung 14900 0 0 0 0 Udid 22500 0 0 0 0 Other Pulses 900 0 0 0 0Groundnut 2400 0 0 0 0Seasamum 2700 0 0 0 0Niger 1900 0 0 0 0 Kh. Sunflower 2900 0 0 0 0Soybean 327008 0 0 0 0Other oilseeds 500 0 0 0 0cotton 3800 1800 750 13500000 0.0135Total Kharip Season 580408 1800 750 13500000 0.0135 0 0R.Jowar 27100 6178 400 24712000 0.024712Wheat 24600 24600 500 123000000 0.123R. Maize 3000 0 0 0 0Other Cereals 500 0 0 0 0Gram 109900 27607 350 96624500 0.0966245Other Pulses 700 0 0 0 0R. Seasamum 0 0 0 0 0Safflower 13900 0 0 0 0Linseed 600 0 0 0 0 Rb.Sunflower 6100 0 0 0 0Other Rb. Oilseed Crop 1100 0 0 0 0Total Rabi Season 187500 58385 1250 244336500 0.2443365 0 0S. Maize 2600 2600 750 19500000 0.0195S.Groundnut 3000 3000 950 28500000 0.0285S.Sunflower 400 400 500 2000000 0.002Total Summer Season 6000 6000 2200 50000000 0.05 0 0Total Cereals 152600 33378 1650 167212000 0.167212 0 0Total Pulses 255000 27607 350 96624500 0.0966245 0 0Total Oilseeds 362508 3400 1450 30500000 0.0305 0 0Fiber Cotton 3800 1800 750 13500000 0.0135 Sugarcane 46396 46396 2800 1299088000 1.299088Horticulture & Vegetable 9380 4298 900 38682000 0.038682

Gross Cropped Area 829684 116879 7900 1645606500 1.6456065 0 0

LATUR

Table 4.2.1 : Crop Water Requirement for irrigated CropsName of the State : MaharashtraName of the District : Latur

4.2.1 Crop water requirement for irrigated crops

55

Disrict Crops Area sown (ha Normal)

Rainfed Area (Ha )

Crop water demand (mm)

Water potential required (CUM)

Water potential required (BCM)

Existing water

potential (BCM)

Water potential to be created

(BCM) Paddy 4600 4600 200 9200000 0.0092Kh. Jawar 79600 79600 100 79600000 0.0796 Bajara 3100 3100 100 3100000 0.0031 Maize 6400 6400 200 12800000 0.0128 Other Cereals 1100 1100 100 1100000 0.0011 Tur 106100 106100 200 212200000 0.2122 Mung 14900 14900 100 14900000 0.0149 Udid 22500 22500 100 22500000 0.0225 Other Pulses 900 900 100 900000 0.0009Groundnut 2400 2400 200 4800000 0.0048Seasamum 2700 2700 100 2700000 0.0027Niger 1900 1900 100 1900000 0.0019 Kh. Sunflower 2900 2900 200 5800000 0.0058Soybean 327008 327008 200 654016000 0.654016Other oilseeds 500 500 100 500000 0.0005cotton 3800 2000 300 6000000 0.006Total Kharip Season 580408 578608 2400 1032016000 1.032016 0 0R.Jowar 27100 20922 150 31383000 0.031383Wheat 24600 0 0 0 0R. Maize 3000 3000 200 6000000 0.006Other Cereals 500 500 100 500000 0.0005Gram 109900 82293 150 123439500 0.1234395Other Pulses 700 700 100 700000 0.0007R. Seasamum 0 0 0 0 0Safflower 13900 13900 100 13900000 0.0139Linseed 600 600 100 600000 0.0006 Rb.Sunflower 6100 6100 250 15250000 0.01525Other Rb. Oilseed Crop 1100 1100 150 1650000 0.00165Total Rabi Season 187500 129115 1300 193422500 0.1934225 0 0S. Maize 2600 0 0 0 0S.Groundnut 3000 0 0 0 0S.Sunflower 400 0 0 0 0Total Summer Season 6000 0 0 0 0 0 0Total Cereals 152600 119222 1150 143683000 0.143683 0 0Total Pulses 255000 227393 750 374639500 0.3746395 0 0Total Oilseeds 362508 359108 1500 701116000 0.701116 0 0Fiber Cotton 3800 2000 300 6000000 0.006 Sugarcane 46396 0 0 0 0

Horticulture & Vegetable 9380 5082 500 25410000 0.02541

Gross Cropped Area 829684 712805 4200 1250848500 1.2508485

Table 4.2.2 : Crop Water Requirement for Rainfed CropsName of the State : MaharashtraName of the District : Latur

LATUR

4.2.2 Crop water requirement for rainfed crops

56

Disrict Crops Area sown (ha Normal)

Irrigated Area (Ha )

Crop water demand (mm)

Water potential required (CUM)

Water potential required

(BCM)

Existing water

potential (BCM)

Water potential to be created

(BCM) Paddy 4600 0 9200000 0.0092Kh. Jawar 79600 0 79600000 0.0796 Bajara 3100 0 3100000 0.0031 Maize 6400 0 12800000 0.0128 Other Cereals 1100 0 1100000 0.0011 Tur 106100 0 212200000 0.2122 Mung 14900 0 14900000 0.0149 Udid 22500 0 22500000 0.0225 Other Pulses 900 0 900000 0.0009Groundnut 2400 0 4800000 0.0048Seasamum 2700 0 2700000 0.0027Niger 1900 0 1900000 0.0019 Kh. Sunflower 2900 0 5800000 0.0058Soybean 327008 0 654016000 0.654016Other oilseeds 500 0 500000 0.0005cotton 3800 1800 19500000 0.0195Total Kharip Season 580408 1800 0 1045516000 1.045516 0 0R.Jowar 27100 6178 56095000 0.056095Wheat 24600 24600 123000000 0.123R. Maize 3000 0 6000000 0.006Other Cereals 500 0 500000 0.0005Gram 109900 27607 220064000 0.220064Other Pulses 700 0 700000 0.0007R. Seasamum 0 0 0 0Safflower 13900 0 13900000 0.0139Linseed 600 0 600000 0.0006 Rb.Sunflower 6100 0 15250000 0.01525Other Rb. Oilseed Crop 1100 0 1650000 0.00165Total Rabi Season 187500 58385 0 437759000 0.437759 0 0S. Maize 2600 2600 19500000 0.0195S.Groundnut 3000 3000 28500000 0.0285S.Sunflower 400 400 2000000 0.002Total Summer Season 6000 6000 0 50000000 0.05 0 0Total Cereals 152600 33378 0 310895000 0.310895 0 0Total Pulses 255000 27607 0 471264000 0.471264 0 0Total Oilseeds 362508 3400 0 731616000 0.731616 0 0Fiber Cotton 3800 1800 19500000 0.0195 Sugarcane 46396 46396 1299088000 1.299088Horticulture & Vegetable 9380 4298 64092000 0.064092Gross Cropped Area 829684 116879 0 2896455000 2.896455 0 0

Table 4.2.3 : Crop Water Requirement for Rainfed & Irrigated CropsName of the State : MaharashtraName of the District : Latur

LATUR

4.2.3 Cumulative crop water requirement for rainfed & irrigated crops

57

Block Total number of livestock

Present water demand ( BCM)

Water demand in 2020 (BCM)

LATUR 105191 0.00125613 0.001319RENAPUR 57177 0.000672755 0.000706393

NILANGA 296157 0.001656814 0.001739655AUSA 115561 0.001398216 0.001468127

S.ANANTPAL 33738 0.000406928 0.000427275

JALKOT 48944 0.000512975 0.000538624DEONI 35056 0.000408958 0.000429406

CHAKUR 76749 0.000882071 0.000926174

AHMADPUR 85490 0.00104359 0.00109577UDGIR 82448 0.000932833 0.000979475

Total 944779 0.00917127 0.009629834

Table 4.3 : Livestock Water DemandName of the State : MaharashtraName of the District : Latur

4.3 Livestock water demand:-

In developing countries like India where the whole system of rural economy has revolved around livestock production. Providing enough quality water is essential for good livestock husbandry. The daily water requirement of livestock varies significantly among animal species. The animal's size and growth stage will have a strong influence on daily water intake. Consumption rates can be affected by environmental and management factors. Air temperature, relative humidity and the level of animal exertion or production level. Table 4.3 gives block water demand for livestock for current year and for 2020. Livestock water requirement for Large animals is 40 liters per day whereas small animals require 4 litres per day.Based on this information Gross livestock water demand for whole district in current year(2015 ) is 0.00917127 BCM and water demand as in 2020 is 0.009629834 BCM (See table no 4.3)

(Source –Department of Animal Husbandry,Latur)

58

Block Number of industry

Water Demand (BCM)

Water demand in 2020 ( BCM)

MIDC Latur & Addl.Latur 1303 0.004108 0.008108

MIDC Ausa 169 0.000562 0.001162

MIDC Nilanga 71 0.000114 0.000154

MIDC Ahmadpur 16 0.000124 0.0001254S.Anantpal - - -

Renapur 2 0.000108 0.000108Jalkot - - -Deoni 1 0.000054 0.000054Chakur 1 0.000054 0.000054Udgir 1 0.000054 0.000054Total 1564 0.005178 0.0098194

Table 4.4 :Industrial Water DemandName of the State : MaharashtraName of the District : Latur

4.4 Industrial water demand :-

The main sources of water for the industrial sector are groundwater and surface water

In Latur district about 1564 industries are functionaincluding 12 sugar factories. Presently net water demand for industries is 0.005178 BCM . Industrial water demand for the year 2020 is estimated at 0.0098194 BCM

00.00020.00040.00060.0008

0.0010.00120.00140.00160.0018

Blockwise Livestock water demand (BCM)

Present water demand(2015) Water demand in 2020

59

Power requirement MW Water demand ( BCM) Water demand in

2020 ( BCM) Existing water

potential ( BCM) Water potential to be created ( BCM)

Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

Table 4.5 :Water Demand for Power GenerationName of the State : MaharashtraName of the District : Latur

1 LATUR 0.023227408 0.311929 0.00125613 0.004108 - 0.3405205382 RENAPUR 0.002140404 0.2232025 0.000672755 0.000562 - 0.2265776593 NILANGA 0.005926147 0.230068 0.001656814 0.000114 - 0.2377649614 AUSA 0.005693182 0.2346905 0.001398216 0.000124 - 0.2419058985 S.ANANTPAL 0.001257235 0.092042 0.000406928 - - 0.0937061636 JALKOT 0.001312671 0.048851 0.000512975 0.000108 - 0.0507846477 DEONI 0.006342671 0.088014 0.000408958 - - 0.0947656288 CHAKUR 0.002678852 0.1209025 0.000882071 0.000054 - 0.1245174229 AHMADPUR 0.004808999 0.210219 0.00104359 0.000054 - 0.2161255910 UDGIR 0.002999658 0.085683 0.000932833 0.000054 - 0.089669491

0.056387228 1.645602 0.00917127 0.005178 0 1.716337998Total

Table 4.6.1 : Total water demand of the district for various sectors (2015)Name of the State : MaharashtraName of the District : Latur

Total BCM Sr. No. Block Power generationIndustrial Livestock Crop Domestic

Components

4.5 Water demand for power generation

Presently,in Latur district there is no power generation unit and also in future there is no proposal for it. so water requirement for power generation is not mentioned .(See table no 4.5)

4.6 Total water demand of the district if various sectors:

Present water demand (2015)

60

1 LATUR 0.02337096825 0.4726235 0.001318936 0.008108 - 0.505421405

2 RENAPUR 0.00221159340 0.3353325 0.000706393 0.001162 - 0.3394124863 NILANGA 0.00621715815 0.4364855 0.001739655 0.000154 - 0.4445963134 AUSA 0.00597646255 0.445392 0.001468127 0.0001254 - 0.4529619895 S.ANANTPAL 0.00129921020 0.158274 0.000427275 - - 0.1600004856 JALKOT 0.00135634000 0.101268 0.000538624 0.000108 - 0.1032709647 DEONI 0.00684430845 0.1610155 0.000429406 - - 0.1682892148 CHAKUR 0.00276795560 0.2492555 0.000926174 0.000054 - 0.253003639 AHMADPUR 0.00508318710 0.345976 0.001095770 0.000054 - 0.35220895710 UDGIR 0.00309943400 0.1908275 0.000979475 0.000054 - 0.194960409

0.058226618 2.896450 0.009629834 0.0098194 0 2.974125852Total

Industrial Power generation

Table 4.6.2 : Total water demand of the district for various sectors (2020)Name of the State : MaharashtraName of the District : Latur

Sr. No. Block

Components

Total BCM Domestic Crop Livestock

Projected water demand in 2020

The current water demand of the district for domestic, crop, livestock and industrial sector is 1.716337998 BCM .With rise of 73% the projected water demand in 2020 is 2.974125852 BCM. The demand has raised by 1.257787854 BCM due to provision of 1-2 protective irrigations for the rainfed crops.

4.7 Water Budget of Latur district :

Present scenario of water availability and use The average rainfall of Latur district is about 706 mm (last ten years

average) and total geographical area is 7,15,054 ha. Accordingly the total

amount of water received through precipitation is 5.04828124 BCM . Out of it;

surface runoff losses 2.2414062 BCM (50 percent) , 1.76689843 BCM (35

per cent) water is lost due to evapo-transpiration. Currently, out of total amount

of water received through precipitation; 1.082128 BCM water is available for

utilization. It includes water stored on surface through Major, Medium and

Minor irrigation projects (0.401056 BCM) and Water stored on surface

61

Latur 0.5376381 0.5444900 1.08212810 1.716342998 2.974130852 -0.634215

Table 4.7.1 :Water Budget 2015Name of the State : MaharashtraName of the District : Latur

Present Surface Water

Ground Water

Total (BCM)

Water Gap (BCM)

Name of district

Present Projected(2020)

Existing Water avaliability(BCM) Water Demand

Sr.no Particulars TCM BCM

1 Total Amount of water received through Rain 5048281.24 5.048281242 Surface Runoff Losses 2241406.2 2.24140623 Evapo-transpiration Losses 1766898.43 1.766898434 Groundwater recharge 716520 0.71652

5Water stored on surface through Major, Medium and Minor irrigation projects 401056 0.401056

6Water stored on surface through Soil conservation structures,farmponds,community ponds,etc. 136582 0.136582

7 Water extracted from ground water (Draft) 544490 0.544498 Water available for utilization (5+6+7) 1082128 1.0821289 Water required for domestic use 56387 0.05638710 Water required for Livestock 9171 0.00917111 Water required for Industrial use 5178 0.00517812 Water required for Agriculture use 1645607 1.64560713 Deficit Water Availability (8-(9+10+11+12)) -634215 -0.634215

Water Budget of Latur district-2015

through Soil conservation structures, farm ponds, and community ponds

(0.136582 BCM) whereas water extracted from ground (Draft) is 0.843298

BCM. For meeting current need of water required for domestic use, livestock,

industrial and agricultural use in Latur district there is deficit of 0.634215

BCM .

62 Latur 1.0219215 0.7165200 1.73844150 2.974130852 -1.23569

Projected (2020) Projected (2020)

Table 4.7.2 :Water Budget 2020Name of the State : MaharashtraName of the District : Latur

Name of district

Water avaliability(BCM)

Total (BCM)

Water demand Water Gap (BCM)

Surface Water

Ground Water

Sr.no Particulars TCM BCM

1 Total Amt of water received through Rain 5048281.24 5.048281242 Surface Runoff Losses 2241406.2 2.24140623 Evapo-transpiration Losses 1766898.43 1.766898434 Groundwater recharge 716520 0.71652

5Water stored on surface through Major, Medium and Minor irrigation projects 759554 0.759554

6Water stored on surface through Soil conservation structures,farmponds,community ponds,etc. 262367.5 0.2623675

7 Water extracted from ground water (Draft) 716520 0.716528 Water available for utilization (5+6+7) 1738441.5 1.73844159 Water required for domestic use 258226.618 0.058226618

10 Water required for Livestock 9629.834 0.00962983411 Water required for Industrial use 9819.4 0.009819412 Water required for Agriculture use 2896455 2.89645513 Deficit Water Availability (8-(9+10+11+12)) -1235689 -1.235689352

Projected water budget of Latur district in 2020

Projected water availability and use in 2020

Due to population growth and rise in living standard, industrial growth,

huge water requirement for agriculture sector particularly for the provision for

protective irrigation to rainfed agriculture (Har Khet Ko Pani)

the water requirement in 2020 is projected as 2.974125852 BCM .It is 73

percent higher than the present water demand.The deficit has risen to

1.235689352 BCM

63

Chapter V

Strategic Action Plan

Presently there is acute deficit of water availability in all sectors. Due

to climate change and environmental factors there is reduction of average

rainfall in the district. The behavior of rainfall changed. It is somewhat erratic.

The untimely rains with hailstorms are experienced.In 2014and 2015

consequently for two years the district received only about 50 percent of

annual average rains.

Water is essential for sustaining life and at the same time, it is an

important component for almost all developmental plans. Obviously the

schemes for development of water resources for beneficial use of the society

have been taken up since the time immemorial. Considerable progress has been

made in respect of water resources development.The efforts are being made to

harvest more and more water through surface storage and underground recharge

There has been appreciable development in the areas of drinking water

supply and other uses. However, growing population, urbanization and

industrialization has led to considerable increase in demand of water for various

purposes e.g., irrigation, domestic needs, industrial requirements etc.

In this regard, it may be mentioned that the water sector has very strong

linkages with all other developmental activities. In view of fast changing

development scenario, it is emphasized that the key priorities and identified

strategies cannot be considered as static and firm. These need to be reviewed and

improved upon from time to time. In this regard a comprehensive “Strategic Plan

for District Irrigation” has been prepared through geospatial approach.

64

To nullify the deficit of required water in Latur district

emphasis has to be given to bring more and more area under irrigation

through development of ongoing major, medium and minor irrigation

projects and various watershed development activities especially

Cement Nala Bund, earthern nala bund,farm ponds and recharging

structures like compartment bunding. Subsequently it is need of a hour to

promote use of micro-irrigation techniques which helps in reducing need

of water required for irrigation by about 60- 70 per cent.

In this context it has planned to create additional water potential of

0.37305919 BCM water in next 5 years which will cover about 95019 ha area

under micro irrigation and about 118257 ha. under irrigation including

protective irrigation by investing total financial outlay of Rs. 1082.24 crores.

65

Strategic Action Plan For Irrigation in District –Latur

Sr. no

Concerned ministry/dept.

Component Activity Total no. Capacity(MCM) Command area/irrigation potential(HA)

Period of implementation(5/7yrs)

Estimated cost(in

lakh RS) 1 MoWR state

irrigation department

AIBP Major irrigation

2 MoWR Medium irrigation 3 MoWR Surface minor irrigation 4 MoWR Har Khet Ko Pani lift irrigation 14.3 1000 4 5600 5 MoWR Ground water development 5000 Wells 15.4827 5000 5 2500 6 MoWR RRR of water bodies 7 MoWR Construction of Field

Channels

7.1 MoWR Lined Field Channels 7.2 MoWR Unlined Channels

8 MoWR Micro irrigation 9 MOV & FW

Dac & FW (ARG. DEPT.)

Per drop more crop(micro irrigation)

DPAP Drip 46597 46597 5 23643.28

10 MOV & FW Dac & FW

DPAP Sprinkler 36012 36012 5 4681.64

11 MOV & FW Dac & FW

Non DPAP drip 6991 6991 5 3565.44

12 MOV & FW Dac & FW

Non DPAP sprinkler 5419 5419 5 704.48

13 MOV & FW Dac & FW

Per drop more crop(Supplymentry water management activity)

Toping up of MGNREGA

14 MOV & FW Dac & FW

Drought profit through check dams/Water harvesting structrures

15 MOV & FW Dac & FW

Secondary storage structures ponds with plastic sheet

0.0125 2000 5 1000

16 MOV & FW Dac & FW

On farm development(distribution pipe/raised brd & furrow system etc.)

17 DOLR-MoRD PMKSY Watershed Newly Created WHS 17.1 DOLR-MoRD Farm ponds 10000 10 10000 5 500 17.2 DOLR-MoRD Check dams 942 10.032 1800 5 9120 17.3 DOLR-MoRD Nala bunds 1219 4.876 2400 5 6095 17.4 DOLR-MoRD Percolation tanks 17.5 DOLR-MoRD Other Ground water

Recharge Structures 1. Compartment bunding

86511 38.93 19465 5 7080

2. CCT 37704 16.96599 8485 5 763.96

66

Sr. no

Concerned ministry/dept.

Component Activity Total no. Capacity(MCM) Command area/irrigation potential(HA)

Period of implementation(5/7yrs)

Estimated cost(in

lakh RS) 17.6 DOLR-MoRD Fishery ponds/Cattle Ponds

18 DOLR-MoRD PMKSY Watershed Rennoved WHS 18.1 DOLR-MoRD Farm ponds 18.2 DOLR-MoRD Check dams 1200 12 1200 5 24.09 18.3 DOLR-MoRD Nala bunds 18.4 DOLR-MoRD Percolation tanks 198 26.76 4950 5 9.9 18.5 DOLR-MoRD Other Ground water

Recharge Structures

18.6 DOLR-MoRD Fishery ponds/Cattle Ponds 19 DOLR-MoRD Convergance with

MGNREGA Newly Created

19.1 DOLR-MoRD Water conservation compartment budding

10000 4.5 2250 5 1600

19.2 DOLR-MoRD Water harvesting FAM PONDS

2000 2 2000 5 84

19.3 DOLR-MoRD Creation of irrigation channels and drains

19.4 DOLR-MoRD Providing infrastructure for irrigation

19.5 DOLR-MoRD Land development 20 DOLR-MoRD Renovation

20.1 DOLR-MoRD Renovation of water bodies including desiting

20.2 DOLR-MoRD Renovation and maintains of irrigation canals and drains

21 State planned scheme of irrigation

21.1 State irrigation department

sate irrigation department

Major irrigation Manajara project construction of 14 Bandharas & Lining of Canal

14 85.64 14398 5 4600

State irrigation department

Terna project construction of 9 Bandharas & Lining of canal

9 11.79 5 1950

21.2 State irrigation department

Medium irrigation Medium Irrigation Projects / Construction of 3 Bandharas on Rena River

3 Bandharas 1.Ghansagargaon

2.Renapur 3.Kharola

22.525

21.3 State irrigation department

Surface Minor Irrigation Constrction of 7 Minor Irrigation scheme with 3k.T.Weir Below Sangamwadi MI Tank

1. Satala Project 2.Bhada project

3.Vairagad Project4

19.38 3800 5 5028

4 Borsuri Project 5.Dhondihilpparaga

67

Sr. no

Concerned ministry/dept.

Component Activity Total no. Capacity(MCM) Command area/irrigation potential(HA)

Period of implementation(5/7yrs)

Estimated cost(in

lakh RS) 6.Chaudi Project

7.Sangamwadi Surface Minor Irrigation Percolation tanks 25 3 625 5 543.02 K.T.Weir 17 2 425 5 528.68

22 State Irrigation Dept.

Name of Scheme

23 Small Scale irrigation (W.C )

Check dams 1850 19.61 9805 5 18500

Agriculture dept Check dams Repair 750 2.625 1500 5 1575 Small Scale

irrigation (W.C ) Nala Deepening /Strenthing 900km 6750 5 1800

Small Scale irrigation (W.C )/ZP

Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan Percolation tanks Repair 940 9400 5 7900

KT Weir Repair 250 2500 5 1875 Zila Parishad Dug Well Recharge 5000 5 5 500 GSDA Recharge Shaft 2000 5 100 People

Participation Desiltatier 450 3 1500 5

Forest Dept. Deep CCT (Ha) 500 0.84 5 55 Zila Parishad Gabian Structure 200 30 6000 5 800

24 Externally Aided Projects

Name of Scheme

25 Other Loan Projects Like NABARD

Name of Scheme

Total 203272 5 112824.2