table of contents 11. noise and vibration 21 annex 1 to din 18005 noise protection in urban planning...

J339 – OMAS ESIA Page 1 of 25

TABLE OF CONTENTS

11. NOISE AND VIBRATION ............................................................................................................... 2

11.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................... 2 11.1.1 Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 2

11.2 SUMMARY OF POLICY CONTEXT ................................................................................................ 2 11.2.1 International Standards ................................................................................................. 2 11.2.2 International Conventions and Treaties ........................................................................ 2 11.2.3 European Directives ...................................................................................................... 2 11.2.4 Turkish Legislation......................................................................................................... 3 11.2.5 Project Standards .......................................................................................................... 4

11.3 SCOPE AND ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY ................................................................................ 6 11.3.1 Spatial Scope ................................................................................................................ 6 11.3.1 Temporal Scope ............................................................................................................ 6 11.3.2 Methodology .................................................................................................................. 6 11.3.3 Impact Assessment Methodology ................................................................................. 9 11.3.4 Assumptions and Limitations ......................................................................................... 9

11.4 BASELINE ............................................................................................................................... 10 11.4.1 Ambient Noise ............................................................................................................. 10 11.4.2 Background Ground Vibration Levels.......................................................................... 11

11.5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................. 11 11.5.1 Emission Sources during Construction of Access Road and Water Supply Pipeline . 11 11.5.2 Construction of Access Road and Water Supply Pipeline Noise Impacts and Mitigation Measures 12 11.5.3 Impacts and Mitigation Measures from Construction of the Powerline ....................... 16 11.5.4 Emission Sources for Onsite Construction and Operation of the Mine ....................... 16 11.5.5 Onsite Mine Construction and Operation Noise Impacts and Mitigation Measures .... 17 11.5.6 Vibration during Operation .......................................................................................... 19 11.5.7 Closure Phase Impacts and Mitigation Measures ....................................................... 20 11.5.8 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures ........................................................... 20

11.6 MONITORING REQUIREMENTS ................................................................................................. 25

Figures

Figure 11-1: Noise and Vibration Study Area .......................................................................................... 7 Figure 11-2: Noise Study Area with Baseline Noise Measurement Points ............................................. 8

Tables

Table 11-1: Turkish Ambient Noise Limits Generated by Industrial Facilities ......................................... 3 Table 11-2: Turkish Ambient Noise Limits Generated by Construction Sites ......................................... 3 Table 11-3: Noise Standards ................................................................................................................... 5 Table 11-4: Vibration Standards .............................................................................................................. 5 Table 11-5: Ambient Noise Baseline Results ........................................................................................ 10 Table 11-6: Noise Sources for Road Construction - Scenario 1 ........................................................... 12 Table 11-7: Noise Sources for Road Construction - Scenario 2 ........................................................... 12 Table 11-8: Noise Modelling Results for Scenario 1 ............................................................................. 14 Table 11-9: Noise Modelling Results for Scenario 2 ............................................................................. 14 Table 11-10: Noise Sources for Operation Phase (Excluding Crushing-Screening Plant) ................... 17 Table 11-11: Noise Sources for Crushing-Screening Plant .................................................................. 17 Table 11-12: Noise Modelling Results for Onsite Construction and Operation of the Project .............. 18 Table 11-13: Construction Phase Impacts and Mitigation Measures .................................................... 21 Table 11-14: Operation Phase Impacts and Mitigation Measures ........................................................ 24 Table 11-15: Noise and Vibration Monitoring Requirements ................................................................ 25


11. Noise and Vibration

11.1 Introduction

This Chapter of the ESIA assesses the potential impacts of the Project on ambient noise and the

potential to cause vibration impacts. The Chapter summarises potential sources of noise and vibration

and identifies receptors which may be considered as sensitive to noise and vibration impacts. Where

adverse impacts are identified, the Chapter sets out suitable mitigation measures to eliminate or

reduce adverse effects to an acceptable level.

11.1.1 Objectives

The specific objectives of this noise and vibration impact assessment are to:

identify the main sources of potential impact to ambient noise and vibration arising from the

construction, operation and closure phases of the Project;

determine, quantitatively and qualitatively, whether noise and vibration emissions could

potentially impact sensitive receptors in the vicinity of Project Area;

assess and define mitigation measures for addressing noise and vibration impacts arising from

the various phases of the Project;

identify long-term management and monitoring measures related to noise and vibration.

11.2 Summary of Policy Context

11.2.1 International Standards

EBRD Performance Requirements

EBRD Performance Requirement 3: Resource Efficiency and Pollution Prevention and Control sets

out the requirement for projects to meet the relevant EU substantive environmental standards, where

these can be applied at the project level. Projects must also be designed to comply with applicable

national law, and will be maintained and operated in accordance with national laws and regulatory

requirements. When host country regulations differ from the levels and measures presented in EU

requirements or other identified appropriate environmental standards, projects will be expected to

meet whichever is more stringent.

11.2.2 International Conventions and Treaties

There are no relevant international conventions and treaties on noise and vibration signed by Turkey.

11.2.3 European Directives

The Environmental Noise Directive (2002/49/EC) focuses on three action areas:

The determination of exposure to environmental noise, through noise mapping, by methods of

assessment common to the Member States;

Ensuring that information on environmental noise and its effects is made available to the public;

Adoption of action plans by the Member States, based upon noise-mapping results, with a view

to preventing and reducing environmental noise where necessary and particularly, where

exposure levels can induce harmful effects on human health and to preserving environmental

noise quality where it is good.


The Environmental Noise Directive also aims at providing a basis for developing community measures

to reduce noise emitted by major sources, in particular road and rail vehicles and infrastructure,

aircraft, outdoor and industrial equipment and mobile machinery.

Other relevant EU Legislation relating to noise includes:

Directive 70/157/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the

permissible sound level and the exhaust system of motor vehicles;

Directive 2000/14/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the noise

emission in the environment by equipment for use outdoors.

11.2.4 Turkish Legislation

Noise

The Turkish regulation concerning environmental noise is the Regulation on the Assessment and

Management of Environmental Noise which was published on the Official Gazette numbered 27601

and dated 04.06.2010.

The purpose of this Regulation is to define a common approach for prevention or mitigation of adverse

impacts of environmental noise. The Regulation presents the principles and procedures with regards

to environmental noise to which humans are exposed to in highly populated areas, quiet locations in

open areas, schools, hospitals and other sensitive areas. The Regulation also sets forth the principles

for noise permission.

The criteria for noise levels from enterprises, facilities and working places is given in the Regulation,

which should not exceed the limit values defined in Table-4 of Annex VII of the Regulation which are

presented below in Table 11-1. The limit values depend on the type of the areas where receptors are

located.

Table 11-1: Turkish Ambient Noise Limits Generated by Industrial Facilities

Receptor LAeq (dBA)

Day-time

LAeq (dBA)

Evening-time

LAeq (dBA)

Night-time

Noise sensitive areas - with training, culture and health

areas, summer houses and camps 60 55 50

Combination of commercial and noise sensitive areas - with

dense residential buildings 65 60 55

Combination of commercial and noise sensitive areas with

dense commercial buildings 68 63 58

Industrial areas 70 65 60

The criteria for the evaluation of noise levels emitted from construction sites and for determining the

prevention of noise is presented in the Regulation. The noise levels from construction activities should

not exceed the limit values given in Table-5 of Annex VII to the Regulation which is presented below in

Table 11-2.

Table 11-2: Turkish Ambient Noise Limits Generated by Construction Sites

Activity (construction, demolition and renovation) LAeq (dBA) Day-time

Building 70

Road 75

Other sources 70


The Regulation also specifies that the environmental noise levels at any workplace, workshop,

manufacturing facility or similar, which is close to noise sensitive receptors, and which may have

impacts on locations where there are noise sensitive receptors, should not exceed the background

noise levels by 5 dBA in terms of Leq.

Vibration

The criteria for environmental vibration to buildings arising from mining operations are set out in

paragraph (a) of Article 25 of the Regulation on the Assessment and Management of Noise. The

ground vibration caused by blasts to very sensitive and sensitive structures in the surrounding areas

must not exceed the limit values set out in Table 6 in Annex VII of the Regulation.

Daily exposure limit values for hand and arm vibration for employees are set out in the Regulation on

the Protection of Employees from Risks Associated with Vibration, issued by the Ministry of Labour

and Social Security under the Workers’ Health and Job Safety Law (Law No. 6331) and published in

the Official Gazette no. 28743 of 22/08/2013. The daily exposure limit values for hand and arm

vibration of the employees working at the site over a working time of eight hours have been

determined at 5 m/s2 and for whole body vibration at 1.15 m/s2 as per article 5 of the Regulation.

Pursuant to Article 6, the level of mechanical vibration incurred by the workers will be assessed and, if

necessary, measured and compliance with the exposure limit values will be ensured. Any risks posed

by vibration will be assessed in accordance with Article 7, Articles 8 and 9 will be complied with in

order to prevent, reduce and limit the exposure, and the workers will be informed and trained pursuant

to Article 10.

11.2.5 Project Standards

EU legislation does not specify fixed quantitative noise or vibration limits, leaving this decision to

individual Member States. When comparing the Turkish limits with other European Member States,

the Turkish Night standard of 50 dBA in residential areas was deemed too high. The Project Standard

for night time noise in residential areas is set at 45 dBA, which is comparable with Germany’s Noise

Protection Standards1. The Day and Evening levels stipulated in Turkish legislation are adopted as

Project Standards as they are considered to be comparable with European Member States, such as

Germany and Austria.

As per the Turkish Noise Regulation, the Project also adopts the specification that if the environmental

noise levels at any workplace, workshop, manufacturing facility or similar, which is close to noise

sensitive receptors, and which may have impacts on locations where there are noise sensitive

receptors, should not exceed the background noise levels by 5 dBA in terms of Leq.

As there is no Turkish or EU legislation for noise limits at the boundary fence, OMAS has adopted a

noise limit of 75 db(A) at the boundary fence during normal operations.

The Project has adopted Turkish limits for construction and operation activities vibration levels.

The Project Standards for noise and vibration are presented in Table 11-3 and Table 11-4.

1 Annex 1 to DIN 18005 Noise Protection in Urban Planning (1987), comparable with night time limit for residential areas, campgrounds and special residential areas.


Table 11-3: Noise Standards

Pollutant /

Source Receptor

Standard (dB(A)Leq 1 h) unless stated otherwise

EU Day Evening Night Project Standard

Noise Boundary fence NA NA NA NA 75 (boundary)1

Noise (off site

receptors)

Sensitive areas with

Schools, libraries

and conference

rooms, Hospitals

and health centres

- 60 55 45 60 (Day)

55 (Evening)

45 (Night)

Locations with

commercial areas

and sensitive areas

(dominated by

residential areas)

- 65 55 45 65 (Day)

55 (Evening)

45 (Night)

Locations with

commercial areas

and sensitive areas

(dominated by

commercial areas)

- 68 63 58 68 (Day)

63 (Evening)

58 (Night)

Industrial areas - 70 65 60 70 (Day)

65 (Evening)

60 (Night)

Activities

(Construction,

demolition

and

renovation)

Building2 - 70 - - 70

Road2 - 75 - - 75

Other Source2 - 70 - - 70

1 OMAS has adopted a guideline noise limit of 75 dB(A) at boundary fence during normal operations. 2 Turkish National Noise Limits for Construction Sites are based on the type of construction activity rather than receptor.

Note: EU Noise Directive does not specify equivalent numeric threshold limits and a combination of German and Turkish

standards are adopted as the Project Standard.

Table 11-4: Vibration Standards

Ground

Vibration 1

Sensitive

Receptors

Vibration

Frequency

(Hz)

Peak Vibration

Level (mm/s)

Vibration

Frequency

(Hz)

Peak

Vibration

Level (mm/s)

1 5 1 5

4-10 19 4-10 19

3-100 50 3-100 50

Ground

Vibration 2

Continuous

Vibration

(mm/s)

Intermittent

Vibration (mm/s)

Continuous

Vibration

(mm/s)

Intermittent

Vibration

(mm/s)

Residential

Areas 5 10 5 10

Industrial and

Commercial

Areas

15 30 15 30

1 National Vibration Limits occurring at ground at sensitive receptors close to mining operations 2 National Vibration Limits occurring at ground at sensitive receptors close to construction activities

Note: The Turkish limit values defined in Table-6 and Table-7 of Annex VII of Regulation on the Assessment and Management

of Environmental Noise (Official Gazette numbered 27601, dated 04.06.2010)


11.3 Scope and Assessment Methodology

11.3.1 Spatial Scope

The noise and vibration study area (Figure 11-1) encompasses the 10 km2 surrounding the EIA

Permitted Area. This includes the settlements of Öksüt, Zile, Gazi, Sarıca, Tombak, Yazıbaşı,

Gömedi, Epçe and Yukarı Develi and Develi, which were identified during the scoping stage as having

the potential to be affected by noise and vibration impacts from construction and operation of the

Project.

Potential impacts caused by construction of the powerline were assessed along the powerline route as

part of the national powerline EIA. Part the powerline route is shown in Figure 11-1, and the entire

route is shown in Figure 5-5.

11.3.1 Temporal Scope

The temporal scope of this assessment covers the full life of the Project. Impacts are discussed for

the construction, operations and closure phases of the Project, although with regards to noise and

vibration no post-mine legacy is anticipated; that is, following mine closure, potential noise and

vibration impacts will effectively cease.

11.3.2 Methodology

Data Collection

Data for the assessment of noise baseline conditions in the study area was collected via literature

review and field sampling. As there is no significant industry within the study area, no data was

collected related to baseline vibration conditions.

Baseline Data from the Turkish EIA

The Turkish EIA includes baseline noise measurement data. These noise level measurements were

conducted at close proximities to the neighbourhoods of Öksüt and Zile to determine the background

noise level in the surrounding areas of the project. The locations of the noise measurements are

shown in Figure 11-2, labelled as N-04 (SRK) and N-05 (SRK). Noise measurements were

undertaken in summer and winter2.

Additional Baseline Data Collection

An additional field survey was performed by Golder on July 14th-15th, 2015 to provide information on

ambient noise levels in areas that may potentially be affected by construction of the access road and

water supply pipeline.

Noise measurements were collected at the villages of Yazıbası, Gömedi and Epçe, at selected points

to represent the ambient noise levels along the infrastructure corridors as felt by the people in the

settlements adjacent to these corridors, as shown in Figure 11-2, labelled as N-01, N-02 and N-03. All

selected locations were rural and as close to the construction area as possible.

Powerline Data Collection

Noise measurements were undertaken as part of the national EIA process for the powerline. The

sensitive receptors closest to powerline construction activity were identified as two residential

buildings in Çayırözü, which are ten meters away from the tower N01. These two receptors have

been used as the worst-case scenario for the noise impact assessment. 10-minute noise

measurements were collected at each receptor during the day on 19th November 2015.

2 Measurements intended to be recorded in the village of Öksüt during winter were not possible on a 24-hour basis due to technical problems and, as it was concluded that the noise levels recorded over a short period of time didn’t reflect the background noise level, the results were removed from the study


Figure 11-1: Noise and Vibration Study Area


Figure 11-2: Noise Study Area with Baseline Noise Measurement Points


Noise Modelling

The noise modelling study was conducted using SoundPLAN Essential 3.0 software and according to

ISO 9313-2:1996.3 The model outputs are a noise map with contour lines and a modelled noise

levels for all receptors.

The following data requirements were inputted to the model:

Digital elevation model of Study Area;

Number and properties of construction and mining equipment, crushing-screening plant;

Location of open pit mining area, crushing-screening plant and access/ road;

Work durations;

The long term average value of temperature, pressure and humidity of regional area.

The noise model simulates the Study Area by creating a coordinated and rugged topographic

structure. A digital ground model is generated by using topographic input data and the noise sources

are determined with noise levels, locations, numbers, height, etc. and noise sources grouped

according to their locations. The receptors’ locations are plotted on maps and then the noise

absorption units are identified (with location, property, number, etc.). The long term meteorological

data is entered into the model.

Prior to running the model, the set-up is checked to see if the Project specifications are set properly

and are correct (e.g. working hours, calculation standards, grid distance, etc.).

11.3.3 Impact Assessment Methodology

Noise

The potential noise impact created by Project activities at sensitive receptors are considered when

there is an exceedance of any one of the Project Standards. This includes when:

The noise level created by Project activities are modelled to exceed the defined limits in Table

11-3 at identified sensitive receptors;

The sum of the measured ambient noise level and the noise level from the Project activity at the

identified sensitive receptor(s) is modelled to be above the defined limits in Table 11-3;

The difference between the modelled noise level and ambient noise level at any identified

sensitive receptor(s) is higher than 5 dBA (as per Turkish legislative requirements).

Vibration

Vibration during construction has the potential to lead to structural damage to nearby buildings.

Vibration modelling was undertaken for the Turkish EIA and the methodology and results have been

incorporated into this Chapter. The methodology used is that set out in the International Society of

Explosives Engineers Handbook.

11.3.4 Assumptions and Limitations

The following assumptions and limitations were taken into consideration during the noise modelling:

An assumed typical road construction equipment list is used for representing the road

construction phase;

The Turkish EIA was used to source the machinery and equipment list;

3 ISO 9613-2: Acoustics -- Attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors - Part 2: General method of calculation, ISO, 1996


The route of the access road has been updated since the modelling was conducted in

September 2015. The modelled access road route did not include the section of road that runs

parallel to the public road between Gömedi and the Epçe turning, as the Project was going to

use the public road. The addition of the section of road between Gömedi and the Epҫe turning

will not affect the results of the noise modelling as the new route is located farther from receptors

than those modelled in 2015. It is not considered that the addition of this section of the road will

change the outcomes of the modelling (and may lead to reductions in actual noise at receptors).

The national powerline EIA was used to source baseline and impact assessment information to inform

the effect caused by noise from construction of the powerline.

11.4 Baseline

11.4.1 Ambient Noise

The villages in the study area are typical of Anatolian villages, where the main noise sources are

agricultural activities and special community gatherings (i.e. bazaars, festive activities and similar).

The villages are not near heavy traffic, intensive residential areas and industrial areas and have rural

characteristics. The existing ambient noise levels can be considered to be low. For this reason, the

study area is classified as being a noise sensitive area - as per the Turkish legislation that informs the

Project Standards.

During the baseline measurements, there were no unexpected noise levels. As expected, day time

noise levels were higher than evening and night time noise levels, since the agricultural and man-

made activities cause an increase in the noise levels. The baseline noise level results are low (as

expected to be in any rural area) and ranged between:

day: 40.7 – 53.4 dBA

evening: 38.7 – 48.9 dBA

night time: 41.0 – 49.1 dBA

The noise measurement results for the study area and a comparison with the Project Standards are

presented in Table 11-5.

Most baseline measurements are all lower than the Project Standards and are consistent with rural

characteristics. Night time ambient noise levels in Öksüt and Zile were slightly over the Project

Standard in August 2014. There is no industrial activity or major noise generating activity in the area.

Any noise sources would create nuisance to the human receptors. Thus, the receiving receptor has a

moderate natural resilience to imposed stresses of nuisance induced by increased noise levels. In

the light of this the sensitivity of the receptor is determined as medium.

Table 11-5: Ambient Noise Baseline Results

Point

No. Location Date

DAY

Lday / Leq

[dB(A)]

EVENING

Levening /

Leq [dB(A)]

NIGHT

Lnight /

Leq [dB(A)]

Lgag / Leq

[dB(A)]

Leq / Leq

[dB(A)]

SRK-

N-01 Zile

December 2013 51.0 40.6 45.0 52.4 48.8

August 2014 51.2 48.9 49.1 55.8 50.3

SRK-

N-02 Öksüt August 2014 46.5 45.6 46.8 53.0 46.5

N-01 Yazıbaşı July 2015 45.7 38.7 43.0 - -

N-02 Gömedi July 2015 40.7 42.0 41.0 - -

N-03 Epçe July 2015 53.4 43.0 44.0 - -

1 Çayırözü November 2015 39.41 - - - -


Point

No. Location Date

DAY

Lday / Leq

[dB(A)]

EVENING

Levening /

Leq [dB(A)]

NIGHT

Lnight /

Leq [dB(A)]

Lgag / Leq

[dB(A)]

Leq / Leq

[dB(A)]

2 Çayırözü November 2015 43.37 - - - -

Project Standards 60 55 45 - -

11.4.2 Background Ground Vibration Levels

Due to the lack of existing industry in the study area, background vibration levels are considered to be

minimal.

11.5 Impact Assessment

Scoped In

This impact assessment considers potential impacts caused by:

construction of the access road and water pipeline4;

construction of the powerline, which has the potential to cause noise impacts, and was assessed

as part of the national powerline EIA;

onsite construction and operation activities (i.e. activities occurring within the EIA Permitted

Area).

Scoped Out

The Project has designed the access road to bypass local neighbourhoods in order to avoid

noise nuisance impacts in local communities. Projected Project traffic volumes using the access

road are considered to be low (outlined in Chapter 5: Project Description), with approximately 55-

60 vehicles per 24 hour period during the construction phase once the road is operational, and

70-75 vehicles per 24 hour period during operations (there will be three shifts of eight hours).

Based on the projected low volumes of project traffic, the route of the access road which avoids

passing through neighbourhoods, and the materials used to construct the roads (bitumen

surface), it is not considered that use of the access road will cause significant noise and vibration

impacts. Noise monitoring in neighbourhoods along the access road will be carried out and a

grievance procedure is in place to ensure that appropriate action is taken if any issues arise.

Vehicle noise along the bypass has therefore been scoped out of the ESIA.

Construction-related vibration has also been scoped out as blasting will only be used on an

exceptional basis during construction.

Operation of the powerline is scoped out, as there are no identified noise and vibration impacts

associated with operation of a powerline.

11.5.1 Emission Sources during Construction of Access Road and Water

Supply Pipeline

The exact numbers of construction machinery cannot be estimated at this phase of the Project,

therefore a typical road construction equipment list has been used. Two scenarios were modelled:

4 Access road and water supply pipeline will be constructed concurrently in the same corridor. The same equipment and machineries will be used for these 2 activities in the same timeline.


Scenario 1 – “Worst Case”

For the purpose of assessment for the worst case, all machinery and equipment were assumed to

operate at the same point at the same time (scenario 1). The noise sources are given below in Table

11-6.

Table 11-6: Noise Sources for Road Construction - Scenario 1

Source No Lw

Truck 6 110.0

Excavator 2 111.0

Loader 1 107.0

Grader 1 105.0

Roller 1 112.0

Compactor 1 83.8

Road Paver 1 82.2

Scenario 2 - “Most Likely”

A second scenario was considered for a reduced number of construction equipment working at the

same time, as shown in Table 11-7 below.

Table 11-7: Noise Sources for Road Construction - Scenario 2

Source No Lw

Truck 1 110,0

Excavator 1 111.0

Loader 0 107.0

Grader 0 105.0

Roller 1 112.0

Compactor 1 83.8

Road Paver 1 82.2

11.5.2 Construction of Access Road and Water Supply Pipeline Noise Impacts

and Mitigation Measures

Western Villages

For the four months of construction activities prior to completion of the access road, the existing

tracks from Yukarı Develi and Zile will be used for initial groundwork access and to enable on-site

haulage road development to begin concurrently with the access road construction from Epçe.

Impact Assessment

Impact Noise from use of tracks to access the EIA Permitted Area, prior to completion of the

access road.

Receptor

Sensitivity

Yukarı Develi and Zile.

These settlements are of medium sensitivity.

Impact

Magnitude

The impact is expected to be:

Direct as it is a direct result of site access;

Of medium term duration as it will last until the access road is constructed;


Localised as it is expected to only spread within the immediate vicinity of the areas

surrounding the tracks;

Certain to occur due to the nature of construction (i.e. all equipment activities will

create noise emissions).

The impact magnitude is medium, based the combined parameters of the impact described

above.

Significance The effect will be of minor adverse significance (medium receptor sensitivity and medium

impact magnitude).

Mitigation

The following mitigation measures will be applied to minimise noise impacts during use of the Yukarı

Develi and Zile tracks:

Continue engagement with Yukarı Develi muhtar and only use the Zile track if necessary, after

prior agreement with Zile muhtar;

OMAS Grievance Procedure (OMAS-HSEC-PRC-003) to record and immediately respond to any

complaints in relation to noise emissions;

Implement measures outlined in the OMAS Transport Management Plan (OMAS-ESMS-TMP-

PLN-001) and Community Health, Safety and Security Management Plan (OMAS-ESMS-CHSS-

PLN-001).

Residual effect

The residual effect is expected to be negligible.

Eastern Villages

The villages of Epçe, Gömedi and Yazıbaşı may be affected by the noise from the construction of the

access road in addition Epçe may be affected by the noise from the construction of the water supply

pipeline. The other receptors are far away from the road construction area; the neighbourhoods of

Zile and Öksüt are approximately 10 km away (and the other side of the mountain) from the road

construction area. No significant noise impact is therefore, expected at these receptors.

Scenario 1

Noise will be generated from the use of construction machinery during the road construction phase of

the Project. This will increase ambient noise levels and may create nuisance impacts at sensitive

receptors. Three worst case scenarios (1a-1c) were modelled where it was assumed that all the

machinery outlined in Table 11-6 was operating in the same place, at the same time; and located as

close to the road route as possible to the receptor:

Scenario 1a (worst case scenario at Yazıbası): All noise sources were located on the access

road route as near as possible to the village boundaries of Yazıbaşı.

Scenario 1b (worst case scenario at Gömedi): All noise sources were located on the access

road route as near as possible to the village boundaries of Gömedi.

Scenario 1c (worst case scenario at Epçe): All noise sources were located on the access

road route as near as possible to the village boundaries of Epçe.

The modelled result at each receptors is given in Table 11-8 below. Noise modelling maps are

presented in Annex K.


Table 11-8: Noise Modelling Results for Scenario 1

Lday / Leq [dB(A)]

Receptor Measured Ambient

Noise Levels

Modelled Sound

Levels from

Construction

Activities

Modelled Sound

Levels from +

Ambient Noise

levels5

Difference between

ambient and modelled

sound levels

Yazıbaşı 45.7 53.8 54.425 +8.1

Gömedi 40.7 55.7 55.835 +15

Epçe 53.4 21.1 53.702 0.3

Project Standard 60 - ≤+5

The calculated day time noise levels are below the Project Standard of 60 dBA. However, the

difference between the ambient noise level and the modelled result is more than 5 dBA at Yazıbası

and Gömedi in Scenario 1, which exceeds the Project Standard. No Project Standards are modelled

to be exceeded at Epçe.

Scenario 2

A second scenario was modelled, which assumed that not all noise sources would be operating at

exactly the same time and in the same place, providing a more realistic, if not worst case, scenario.

For Scenario 2, it was assumed that all the machinery outlined in Table 11-7 was operating in the

same place, at the same time; and located as close to the road route as possible to the receptor:

Scenario 2a (less machinery operating concurrently at Yazıbası): The reduced numbers of

noise sources were located on the access road route as near as possible to the village

boundaries of Yazıbaşı.

Scenario 2b (less machinery operating concurrently at Gömedi): The reduced numbers of

noise sources were located on the access road route as near as possible to the village

boundaries of Gömedi.

The modelled result at each receptors is given in Table 11-9 below. Noise modelling maps are

presented in Annex K.

Table 11-9: Noise Modelling Results for Scenario 2

Lday / Leq [dB(A)]

Receptor

Measured Ambient

Noise Levels

Modelled Sound

Levels from

Construction

Activities

Modelled Sound

Levels from +

Ambient Noise

levels6

Difference between

ambient and modelled

sound levels

Yazıbaşı 45.7 49.3 50.873 +3.6

Gömedi 40.7 51.2 51.57 +10.5

Project Standard 60 - ≤+5

The calculated day time noise levels are again below the Project Standard of 60 dBA. However, the

difference between the ambient noise level and the modelled result is still more than 5 dBA at

Gömedi, which exceeds the Project Standard.

5 The sound levels predicted with the model at the receptor point is added to the ambient sound levels measured at the same receptor point and compared with the Project Standards. 6 The sound levels predicted with the model at the receptor point is added to the ambient sound levels measured at the same receptor point and compared with the Project Standards.


Impact Assessment

Impact Noise from Road Construction

Receptor

Sensitivity

Yazıbaşı and Gömedi are the nearest settlement to the access road. These settlements are

of medium sensitivity.

Impact

Magnitude


Direct as it is a direct result of construction of the road;

Of short term duration as it may last throughout the road construction period;

Localised as it is expected to only spread within the immediate vicinity of the road

construction area;


create noise emissions).

The impact magnitude is medium, based on modelling results using the combined

parameters of the impact described above.

Significance The effect will be of minor adverse significance (medium receptor sensitivity and medium

impact magnitude).

Mitigation

The following mitigation measures are defined to minimise noise impacts created during road

construction activities:

Minimise the number of construction equipment running at the same time near Yazıbaşı and

Gömedi;

OMAS Grievance Procedure (OMAS-HSEC-PRC-005) to record and respond to any complaints

in relation to noise emissions;

Conduct construction activities during day time;

Select equipment with lower sound power levels;

Install silencers for fans used by construction machinery;

Install suitable mufflers on engine exhausts and compressor components;

Install acoustic enclosures for equipment casing radiating noise;

Restrict engine idling of equipment and vehicles;

Regular maintenance of construction equipment.

Residual Effects

The calculated sound level and measured ambient noise level was performed at the boundaries of

Gömedi and as close as possible to potential construction area. The buildings in the village will also

create noise barrier effect and the noise levels at the central parts of Gömedi may be decreased.

The construction location will be moved away from the Gömedi on the access road step by step

during the construction period. The construction noise level will decrease while the construction

location is moved away from the Gömedi.

The residual effect will be negligible in Yazıbası and minor adverse in Gömedi after implementation

of mitigation measures.

A noise monitoring system will be in place where the noise values at the closest house to the

construction area and at Gömedi Middle School and any other sensitive location is monitored.


The implementation of OMAS grievance system will ensure the reporting and recording of any noise

impact and associated complaints in Gömedi. In the event of a received complaint the additional

noise monitoring will be performed at these locations.

11.5.3 Impacts and Mitigation Measures from Construction of the Powerline

Construction of the powerline is expected temporarily to generate noise emissions from vehicles and

machinery, and from site preparation and any hole boring activities. As the powerline construction is

transient in nature, impacts are not expected to last for more than 2 days in the same location.

The national powerline EIA calculated that noise levels at the nearest 2 receptors in Çayırözü would

be between 74.65 dBA and 84.55 dBA, depending on the type of construction activity. These values

are higher than the Project Standards of 60 dBA, but would be of short-term duration

Impact Assessment

Impact Noise impact on:

Dwellings which are close to the powerline construction corridor.

Receptor

Sensitivity


Impact

Magnitude


Direct as it is a direct result of construction of the powerline;

Of short-term duration as construction of the powerline is transient;

Localised as it is expected to only spread within the immediate vicinity of the towers

being constructed;

Certain to occur due to the nature of construction (i.e. use of machinery).

The potential impact magnitude is medium, based on the transient nature of powerline

construction and therefore the impact will be temporary.

Significance The effect will be of minor adverse significance (i.e. medium receptor sensitivity and

medium impact magnitude)

Impact Mitigation

Beyond the mitigation measures outlined in Section 11.5.3 above, and as the constrıction activity will

be performed during day time and will last 1-2 days, no additional technical mitigation measures are

suggested.

OMAS will inform occupants of nearby residential buildings of impending works and duration of works

and this has been included as part of the Stakeholder Engagement Plan.

Residual Effects

The residual effect will be remaining of minor adverse significance, even after implementation of mitigation measures. The effect will however be short-term.

11.5.4 Emission Sources for Onsite Construction and Operation of the Mine

For modelling purposes, the mine construction and operating activities are assumed to be performed

concurrently as a worst case scenario. The mine construction activities will have the same spatial

distribution as operational activities. Construction activities such as topsoil stripping, installation of

screening-crushing are performed at the same time with open pit mining activities. Noise sources are

grouped according to their locations such as open pit area, crushing-screening plant etc.

The exact number of machinery and equipment cannot be estimated at the time of writing for this

phase of the Project. The machinery and equipment list has been sourced from EIA and is presented

in Table 11-10. Additional equipment list is defined by OMAS and is presented in Table 11-11. For


the purpose of an assessment of the worst case scenario, the maximum amount of machinery and

equipment is located within the fence line, and this scenario is modelled with all noise sources

working at the same time.

Table 11-10: Noise Sources for Operation Phase (Excluding Crushing-Screening Plant)

Source No Lw

Trucks 29 110.0

Excavators 4 111.0

Drillers 4 106.0

Graders 3 105.0

Dozers 2 106.0

ANFO Truck 1 106.0

Crane 1 106.0

Loader (Ore/waste rock dumping) 1 107.0

Loader (other) 1 104.0

Light vehicles 10 106.0

Table 11-11: Noise Sources for Crushing-Screening Plant

Source No Lw

Primary Crusher (Jaw) 1 112.0

Secondary Crusher (Cone) 1 90.1

Screens 2 112.0

Conveyors 4 69.2

Rock Breaker 1 96.5

11.5.5 Onsite Mine Construction and Operation Noise Impacts and Mitigation

Measures

The noise model results are given below in Table 11-12 and are presented with the Project

Standards. A noise dispersion map is presented in Annex K. Project activities will not create

noticeable noise level impacts at Yazıbaşı, Gömedi and Epçe due to the distance between Project

activities within the fence line and the settlements.


Table 11-12: Noise Modelling Results for Onsite Construction and Operation of the Project

Parameter

Leq [dB(A)]

Zile Öksüt Project

Standard

Day Modelled noise level 25.2 26.4

60 or >5 of

background

noise level

Measured ambient noise 51.0 / 51.2* 46.5

Modelled noise plus ambient noise levels 51.011/51.21* 46.5

Evening Modelled noise level 25.2 26.4

55 or >5 of

background

noise level



Night Modelled noise level 25.2 26.4

45 or >5 of

background

noise level



* Ambient noise levels were measured at 2 times (winter and summer period).

Based on the above assessment, night time ambient noise levels already exceeded the Project

Standard of 45 dBA. Calculated noise levels are less than 0.1 greater than night time baseline levels.

This is less than the Project Standard exceedance of background noise levels of 5 dBA. It is not

considered that the Project will not create additional noise of any impact at any sensitive receptors.

Blasting noise originates from air pressure waves generated by explosions, and noise generated by

blasting differs from continuous modelled noise (such as from vehicle engines or other equipment).

Air overpressure is a transient impulse that travels through the atmosphere. Much of the air

overpressure produced by blasting has a frequency below the audible limit of 20 Hz. According to

the vibration study conducted as part of the Turkish EIA, a health protection band with a width of 150

m around the open pits was recommended. Noise from blasting is not expected to cause any noise

impacts at any sensitive receptors, as the nearest settlement is 4 km from the EIA Permitted Area.

Impact Noise from Project activities within the EIA Permitted Area

Receptor

Sensitivity

Öksüt, Zile


Impact

Magnitude


Direct as it is a direct result of construction and operation activities;

Of long term duration as it may last throughout the construction and operation period;

Localised as it is expected to only spread within the immediate vicinity of the Project

Area;


cause noise).

The impact magnitude is negligible, based on modelling results using the combined

parameters of the impact as described above.

Significance The effect will be of negligible adverse significance (medium receptor sensitivity and

medium impact magnitude).


Impact Mitigation

The following mitigation measures are suggested to ensure minimised noise emissions during

operation7:

Monitoring of noise levels at sensitive receptor locations such as schools, health care facilities in

Öksüt and Zile, the closest villages to operational activities;

OMAS Grievance Procedure (OMAS-HSEC-PRC-003) to record and respond to any complaints

in relation to noise emissions;

Selection of equipment with lower sound power levels;

Installing silencers for fans;

Installing suitable mufflers on engine exhausts and compressor components;

Installing acoustic enclosures for equipment casing radiating noise;

Installing vibration isolation for mechanical equipment;

Restrict engine idling of equipment and vehicles;

Regular maintenance will be made for the construction equipment to ensure high noise levels

are avoided.

Residual Effects

Implementation of the proposed impact mitigation measures will lead to a residual effect of negligible

significance (medium receptor sensitivity and negligible impact magnitude).

11.5.6 Vibration during Operation

Ground acceleration (PPV) was calculated at 0.024 mm/s at the nearest settlement. This value

remains approximately 200 times below the peak value permitted by Turkish regulations.

The Zamantı Tunnel is located at a distance of 5 km to the pit shells and will not be affected from the

explosion-induced vibrations.

Vibration may occur from vehicles and process units (crushers and mills) to be used in the course of

general mining operations at levels which may affect the human health. For the purpose of controlling

and limiting of such vibration, the provisions of the Regulation on the Protection of Employees from

Risks Associated with Vibration will be adhered to8.

Blasting can be an emotive issue for residents around an opencast site. Good liaison between

operator and residents is essential to prevent unnecessary anxiety. Wherever possible, the operator

should inform each resident of the proposed times of blasting and of any deviation from this

programme in advance of the operations.

On each day that blasting takes place it should be restricted as far as practicable to regular periods.

Each blast should be carefully designed to maximize its efficiency and reduce the transmission of

noise.

7 US, Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration defines the quantitative mitigation measures levels in decibels e.g. Reductions of 10 dBA or more can be achieved with optimal muffler systems; reductions of up to 5 dBA can be achieved using dampening materials. Shields such as sound skins may achieve reductions of 20 dB at high frequencies and 10 dB in the middle frequency range. Sound aprons may achieve noise reductions up to 10 dBA: (https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/noise/construction_noise/special_report/) 8 Issued by the Ministry of Labour and Social Security under the Workers’ Health and Job Safety Law (Law No. 6331) and published in the Official Gazette no. 28743 of 22/08/2013.


11.5.7 Closure Phase Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Exact decommissioning time and details of the work are not known at this stage. It is assumed that

decommissioning phase of the project will not generate higher levels of noise and vibration than

calculated construction phase noise levels. Similar machinery as used in the construction phase will

be used in decommissioning activities. There will therefore be a negligible effect of noise during

decommissioning.

11.5.8 Summary of Impacts and Mitigation Measures

A summary of potential impacts and proposed mitigation measures as described above are

summarised in Table 11-13 and Table 11-14.


Table 11-13: Construction Phase Impacts and Mitigation Measures

Impact Receptor Receptor

Sensitivity

Impact

Categorisation

Magnitude

of Impact

Potential

Effect

Significance

Design and Mitigation Measures Management Plans,

Policies and

Procedures

Residual

Effect

Significance

Noise from

use of tracks

Yukarı

Develi and

Zile

Medium Type

Direct

Duration

Medium Term

Extent

Localised

Likelihood

Certain

Medium Minor Continue engagement with Yukarı Develi muhtar and only use the Zile track if

necessary, after prior agreement with Zile

muhtar.

OMAS Grievance Procedure (OMAS-HSEC-PRC-003) to record and immediately

respond to any complaints in relation to

noise emissions.

Implement measures outlined in the OMAS Transport Management Plan (OMAS-ESMS-

TMP-PLN-001) and Community Health,

Safety and Security Management Plan

(OMAS-ESMS-CHSS-PLN-001).

OMAS Grievance

Procedure (OMAS-

HSEC-PRC-003)

OMAS Transport

Management Plan

(OMAS-ESMS-TMP-

PLN-001) and

Community Health,

Safety and Security

Management Plan

(OMAS-ESMS-

CHSS-PLN-001).

Negligible

Noise from

Road

Construction

Yazıbaşı

and

Gömedi.

Medium Type

Direct

Duration

Short term

Extent

Localised

Likelihood

Certain

Medium Minor Minimisation of the number of construction equipment running at the same time near

the Yazıbaşı and Gömedi.

Monitoring of noise emissions at locations such as schools, health care facilities in

Gömedi and in close distance to

construction activities.

Grievance Procedure for Gömedi to record and respond any complaints in relation to

noise emissions.

Conduct construction activities during day time.

Selection of equipment with lower sound power levels.

Installing silencers for fans.

Installing suitable mufflers on engine exhausts and compressor components.

Installing acoustic enclosures for equipment

Noise and Vibration

Management Plan

(OMAS-ESMS-NV-

PLN-001)

Environmental

Monitoring and

Measurement

Procedure (OMAS-

HSEC-PRC-009)

Negligible.



Sensitivity

Impact

Categorisation

Magnitude

of Impact

Potential

Effect

Significance


Policies and

Procedures

Residual

Effect

Significance

casing radiating noise.

Installing vibration isolation for mechanical equipment.

Restrict engine idling of equipment and vehicles.

Developing a Procedure to record and respond to complaints.

In addition, regular maintenance will be made for the construction equipment to

ensure decreasing the possible high noise

levels generated by the equipment.

Noise

emissions

during

construction

of powerline

Residents

along the

powerline

route.

Medium Type

Direct

Duration

Short term

Extent

Local

Likelihood

Certain

Low Minor Beyond the mitigation measures outlined in Section 11.5.3 above, OMAS will inform

occupants of nearby residential buildings of

impending works and duration of works and

this has been included as part of the

Stakeholder Engagement Plan.

Stakeholder

Engagement Plan

Grievance Procedure

Minor

Adverse

Noise from

Project

Construction

inside EIA

Permitted

Area

Öksüt,

Zile,

Medium Type

Direct

Duration

Long term

Extent

Localised

Likelihood

Certain

Negligible Negligible Monitoring of noise emissions at locations such as schools, health care facilities in

Öksüt and Zile and in close distance to

construction activities.

Grievance Procedure to be in place for Öksüt and Zile to record and respond any

complaints in relation to noise emissions.



Installing suitable mufflers on engine

Noise and Vibration

Management Plan

(OMAS-ESMS-NV-

PLN-001)

Environmental

Monitoring and

Measurement

Procedure (OMAS-

HSEC-PRC-009)

Negligible.



Sensitivity

Impact

Categorisation

Magnitude

of Impact

Potential

Effect

Significance


Policies and

Procedures

Residual

Effect

Significance

exhausts and compressor components.

Installing acoustic enclosures for equipment casing radiating noise.




In addition, regular maintenance will be made for the construction equipment to

ensure decreasing the possible high noise

levels generated by the equipment.


Table 11-14: Operation Phase Impacts and Mitigation Measures


Sensitivity

Impact

Categorisation

Magnitude

of Impact

Potential

Effect

Significance


Policies and

Procedures

Residual Effect

Significance

Noise from

Project

Operation

Activities inside

the fence line

Öksüt,

Zile,

Medium Type

Direct

Duration

Long term

Extent

Localised

Likelihood

Certain

Negligible Negligible Monitoring of noise emissions at locations such as schools, health care

facilities in Öksüt and Zile and in

close distance to construction

activities.

Grievance Procedure to be in place for Öksüt and Zile to record and

respond any complaints in relation to

noise emissions.



Installing suitable mufflers on engine exhausts and compressor

components.

Installing acoustic enclosures for equipment casing radiating noise.




In addition, regular maintenance will be made for the construction

equipment to ensure decreasing the

possible high noise levels generated

by the equipment.

Noise and Vibration

Management Plan

(OMAS-ESMS-NV-

PLN-001)

Environmental

Monitoring and

Measurement

Procedure (OMAS-

HSEC-PRC-009)

Negligible.


11.6 Monitoring Requirements

All monitoring requirements are set out as part of the OMAS Noise and Vibration Management Plan

(OMAS-ESMS-NV-PLN-001) and are also reproduced in Table 11-15 below.

Table 11-15: Noise and Vibration Monitoring Requirements

Topic/Aspect Monitoring Location Parameters Frequency

Noise Level Two locations within

the fence boundary in

the direction of the

villages of Zile and

Öksüt as outlined in the

Turkish EIA

Leq dB(A)

LAeq, LA10, LA90

Number of Grievances

Monthly, including day,

evening and night

readings, and to

coincide with blasting

activities.

Noise Level Locations as defined in

the ESIA, (the nearest

residential receptor to

access road) in

neighbourhoods of

Yazıbaşı, Gömedi and

Epҫe

Leq dB(A)

LAeq, LA10, LA90

Number of Grievances

Weekly during access

road construction,

including day, evening

and night readings

Noise Spectrum Various, including on-

site and off-site

sensitive receptor

locations

Noise Spectrum

Analysis

Annually, including day

and night readings

Blast Ground Vibration Various, including on-

site and off-site

sensitive receptor

locations

Nm and seismogram Annually, during blasts

Workplace Inspections All main workplaces NA Daily

table of contents 11. noise and vibration 21 annex 1 to din 18005 noise protection in urban planning...

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