2 Volume 08 February 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS

“BIO-FABRICATION MATERIALS” 3Ar.S.Chinnadurai M.Arch Head of the department

LANDSCAPE SOLUTIONS FOR POLLUTION ARISING IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY 4Ar.M.Priyadarshini M.Arch Assistant Professor ARCHITECTURAL FORM AND AESTHETICS 5Ar.T.Josephine Sabena B.Arch Assistant Professor

MATHEMATICALLY INTERESTING BUILDINGS IN THE WORLD 6Ms.R.Maria Anushiya M.Sc Assistant Professor GREEN CONCRETE 7Er. R. Relin Geo ME Assistant Professor SEISMIC RESISTANT REINFORCING BARS 8Er. E.M. Jerin Shibu M.E Assistant Professor

3 Volume 08 February 2020

“BIO-FABRICATION MATERIALS”Ar.S.Chinnadurai M.ArchHead of the department

In current main global issue is resources scarcity. We are innovating new technology and technique to wisely use the existing resources efficiently. But still consumption on resources is not in control. Building sector is the second sector to consume more natural resource next to mining. In modern trends mostly we started to use prefabricated materials, which have so many advantages in energy saving aspects. But when we see mostly of the prefabrication are mostly steel, concrete. These materials made in manufacturing units and industries with modern technology and ensure quality with minimum energy and resources used.

After the invention of these two materials leads to global warming and green house effects and lot of resources were consumed from nature and loss of flora and fauna because of this. So now it’s time to manufacture the products which will ensure that it is bio degradable and also not contribute to the manmade disaster in the future. Bio-fabrication materials will sure reduce the energy consumption which can be an alternate to the conventional prefabrication materials .recently a quote is very popular is “Use less but Produce more”. All prefabrication materials should keep this principle in mind before the manufacture. The materials which produce in the name of Bio- fabrication should not give any negative effects to the environment.

4 Volume 08 February 2020

LANDSCAPE SOLUTIONS FOR POLLUTION ARISING IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY

Ar.M.Priyadarshini M.ArchAssistant Professor

Biological Treatment of a Textile Effluent -to remove colour • Biological treatment- most economical • Microbial degradation fungal decolourization, adsorption by (living or dead) microbial biomass. • Bioremediation systems - applied to the treatment of industrial effluents because many microorganisms such as bacteria, yeasts, algae and fungi are able to accumulate and degrade different pollutants.

Phyto sorption: Adsorption of contaminants by dried plant biomass Phytoremediation: An eco-friendly sol for environmental pollution using plants Phytoaccumulation(Salinity)Accumulation of the contaminants by plants

Bioremediation 1. Microbial Remediation - Mycoremediation Phycoremediation 2. Phytoremediation - synthetic dyes Aquatic Plants Terrestrial Plants

Sustainable green design 1. Increased energy efficiency through facility design or rehabilitation and renewable energy technologies. 2. Cogeneration or collecting and using otherwise ―wasted‖ heat from the electrical generation process. 3. Energy cascading, which involves using residual heat from a primary process to provide heating or cooling to a later process. 4. Water cascading.

Greening buffer 1. Problems -a linear green buffer need to be injected into the textile gathering zone 2. noise problem (80-120db) - 20m-30m wide transition area - large green canopy (decrease noise largely). 3. Buffer should go along the edge between village and textile mills. 4. Water pollution -the green buffer as water treatment function

Transformation of on-site potential 1. The construction of water treatment system. 2. Sedimentation pond, deep water aeration pool, phytoremediation area 3. Shallow water control, water transportation and water retention 4. Waste fishponds to sedimentation ponds or deep water aeration, 5. Abandoned farmland- phytoremediation area. 6. Abandoned ditch or channel –water transportation, 7. Water go through the whole treatment process & water recycled - agricultural irrigation and industrial use.

5 Volume 08 February 2020

ARCHITECTURAL FORM AND AESTHETICS

Ar.T.Josephine Sabena B.ArchAssistant Professor

Aesthetics is an important link between technology development, design and architecture. It is a connecting as well as separating element between philosophy of technology and philosophy of architecture as well as design. It is the branch of philosophy that deals with the nature, art and expression of beauty.

Architecture is a design or creating process which involves planning, designing, erecting, constructing and executing construction of various types of spaces that are functionally efficient, economical, and aesthetically pleasing for the users. In architecture the two most important factors in the design of building are Form and function. Functionality is the most important aspect of space design. The other important aspect is form or aesthetics which is mainly related to feelings and emotions. Architectural form is the visual characteristic of a building that gives a unique identity to the structure and differentiates it from others.

Aesthetics can be concerned with bringing art or essence into the daily lives of the people. People like to live and work in places that are planned, beautifully designed and are aesthetically pleasing to the eye. study of design of spaces, it is recommended that the aesthetical elements such as light, color, texture, harmony, rhythm, feelings, emotions, etc. as interesting design elements in architecture which can lead to the creation of dynamic, redefined spaces based on these aesthetical elements.

6 Volume 08 February 2020

MATHEMATICALLY INTERESTING BUILDINGS IN THE WORLD

Ms.R.Maria Anushiya M.ScAssistant Professor

THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA It’s the most important and oldest of the 3 pyramids, but there’s plenty of math behind one in every of the seven wonders of the Ancient world. The pyramid’s perimeter is 365.24 that is that the range of days within the year. That the pyramid’s perimeter divided by twice its height is equal to pi (22/7=3.141)THE EDEN PROJECT There’s even more math to be found in the building structure, which is derived from phyllotaxis, the mathematical basis for most plant growth (opposite spirals are found in many plants, from pine cones to sunflower heads).THE SAGRADA FAMILIA The Sagrada Familia also features a magic square within the passion façade - an arrangement where the numbers in all columns, rows and diagonals add up to constant total. Here they used hyperbolic paraboloid structures, which can be seen within particular facades.PARTHENON The width to height ratio of 9:4 governs the vertical and horizontal proportions of the temple, for example the spaces between the columns. It’s also been suggested that the parthenon’s proportions are based on the Golden Ratio (found in a rectangle whose sides are 1:618)

GIZA SAGRADA FAMILIA

PARTHENON EDEN PROJECT

7 Volume 08 February 2020

GREEN CONCRETE

Er. R. Relin Geo MEAssistant Professor

Green concrete skilled for sustainable progress is categorized by application of industrial wastes to reduce ingesting of natural capitals and energy and pollution of the environment. Marble sludge powder can be used as filler and helps to diminish the total vacuums content in concrete. Natural sand in many parts of the country is not classified properly and has excessive silt on other hand quarry rock dust does not contain silt or organic foams and can be produced to meet desired gradation and fineness as per condition. Therefore, this pays to improve the strength of concrete. This paper presents the possibility of the usage of quarry rock dust and marble sludge powder as hundred percent substitutes for natural sand in concrete. An effort has been made to durability studies on green concrete likened with the natural sand concrete. Application of green concrete is an effective way to diminish environment pollution and improve durability of concrete under severe conditions.

Use of quarry rock dust as a fine aggregate in concrete attractions firm attention of researchers and detectives. Marble powder has a very high Blaine fineness value of about 1.5 m

2/g with 90% of

subdivisions passing 50 μm sieves and 50% under 7 μm. The maximum compressive and flexural strengths were experiential for specimens containing a 6% waste sludge when compared with regulator and it was also found that waste mud up to 9% could effectively be used as a stabilizer material in cement. To avoid the corruption and reuse the waste material, the present study is carried out. As the properties are as good as the sand, the marble sludge powder and quarry dust is used as fine aggregate in the cement concrete.

8 Volume 08 February 2020

SEISMIC RESISTANT REINFORCING BARS

Er. E.M. Jerin Shibu M.EAssistant Professor

When a large civil structure is subjected to a strong earthquake, it goes through several cycles of high strains. The performance of reinforced concrete structure, under static and dynamic loads, can be quite complex involving highly non-linear behaviour. This leads to cracking, loss of containment, and softening. The reinforced concrete members will undergo large inelastic deformation for adequate energy dissipation. Quality of TMT Steel reinforcing bars determines the flexural capacity & post yield behaviour of a reinforced member. Thus the mechanical properties of TMT Steel Bars like yield strength, ultimate tensile strength to yield strength ratio, elongation percentage are very important.

Fig 1: Placement of Reinforcement

Role of steel reinforcement in making buildings seismic resistant

Different grades of TMT steel can be produced by tweaking the TMT process. If the steel is quenched more, the outer martensite layer will become thicker at the expense of soft inner core. Such TMT bars have more strength but less ductility. The Bureau of Indian Standards has set the minimum ductility in grades like Fe 415, Fe 500 & Fe 550 as 14.5%, 12%, 8% elongation respectively. Thus reductions in ductility have grave consequences for the buildings, especially during earthquakes.

Studies have brought out the difficulties associated with the use of higher strength grades like Fe 500, Fe 550 etc under cyclic loading, particularity seismic zone 3 & 4. So while considering seismic performance of TMT Steel bar grades, all the higher strength grades are not suitable for using in seismic prone zones. Only options left are Fe 415 and higher strength grades with ‘S’ (seismic) extension like Fe 500S,the best option for earthquake resistance among Fe 415 and higher strength grades like Fe 500S. Theoretically both are suitable for use in seismic zones. But practically it is proved that Fe 415 TMT bars have the right mix of tensile strength and ductility that is appropriate for buildings in regions under seismic zones. Building might have to face dynamic and seismic loads, during their life time. The ductility of Fe 415 steel bars enables them to beat such loads. But in the case of TMT grades like Fe500S, it is difficult to achieve and maintain the yield strength and ductility through TMT process alone.