table of contents - riddhi foundation
TRANSCRIPT
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Table of Contents Acknowledgement ................................................................................................................................................ 6
Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................................................ 8
Executive Summary and Overview ....................................................................................................................... 9
1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 9
1.2 The Study Objectives ......................................................................................................................... 9
1.3 The Challenges and Limitations ........................................................................................................ 9
1.4 An Overview of the Tradable Bio-resources .................................................................................. 10
1.5 Specific Bio-resource Based Detailed Study ................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER - I ................................................................................................................................................... 12
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY .................................................................................................................. 12
1.1 Approach.......................................................................................................................................... 12
1.2.1 Group discussions with line departments in districts ................................................................... 14
1.2.2 Interaction with Trade Bodies ....................................................................................................... 15
1.2.3 Interaction with Individual Traders ............................................................................................... 16
1.2.4 Visits to Markets/Haats ................................................................................................................ 16
1.2.5 Interaction with Industry .............................................................................................................. 17
1.2.6 Data Collection Instruments ......................................................................................................... 18
1.2.7 Geographical Coverage ................................................................................................................. 18
1.2.8 Data Collation and Review ............................................................................................................ 20
1.2.9 Data Estimation and Analysis ........................................................................................................ 20
CHAPTER – II ................................................................................................................................................. 21
AGRICULTURE .................................................................................................................................................. 21
2.1 An Overview of Agriculture in West Bengal ................................................................................... 21
2.2 Cereals ............................................................................................................................................. 22
2.2.1.1 Aromatic Rice ............................................................................................................................. 23
2.2.1.2 By-products of Rice .................................................................................................................... 25
2.2.2 Wheat (Triticum aestivum) ........................................................................................................... 26
2.2.2.1 By-products of Wheat ................................................................................................................ 27
2.2.3 Maize (Zea mays) .......................................................................................................................... 27
2.2.4 Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) ......................................................................................................... 27
2.4 Pulses ............................................................................................................................................... 29
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2.5 Oil Seeds .......................................................................................................................................... 30
2.5.1 Data on Oil Seeds .......................................................................................................................... 30
2.6 Tea (Camellia sinensis) .................................................................................................................... 31
2.6.1 Data on Tea and Tradable Value ................................................................................................... 31
2.7 Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) ......................................................................................................... 32
2.8 Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) ........................................................................................... 32
2.8.1 Data on Sugarcane in West Bengal ............................................................................................... 33
2.8.2 Gur (Sugarcane Molasses) ............................................................................................................. 33
2.9 Natural Fibres .................................................................................................................................. 33
CHAPTER III ................................................................................................................................................... 36
HORTICULTURE ............................................................................................................................................... 36
3.1 An Overview of Horticulture in West Bengal ................................................................................. 36
3.2 Vegetables ....................................................................................................................................... 37
3.3 Fruits ................................................................................................................................................ 43
3.4 Flowers ............................................................................................................................................. 49
3.5 Spices ............................................................................................................................................... 52
3.6 Plantation Crops (other than tea) ................................................................................................... 54
3.7 Bamboo (Bambuseae dendrocalmus) ............................................................................................. 55
3.8 Broom Stick and Mat Stick .............................................................................................................. 56
3.9 Aquatic Plants .................................................................................................................................. 57
3.10 Miscellaneous ................................................................................................................................ 58
CHAPTER IV ................................................................................................................................................... 60
SERICULTURE .................................................................................................................................................... 60
4.1 An overview of Sericulture in West Bengal .................................................................................... 60
4.2 Present status of Sericulture in West Bengal ................................................................................. 60
4.3 Data on Sericulture in West Bengal ................................................................................................ 61
4.4 Cocoon Markets in West Bengal ..................................................................................................... 63
4.5 Silk Textile in West Bengal .............................................................................................................. 64
CHAPTER V .................................................................................................................................................... 65
ANIMAL RESOURCES ....................................................................................................................................... 65
5.1 Overview of Animal Resources in West Bengal ............................................................................. 65
5.2 Livestock Population in West Bengal .............................................................................................. 66
5.3 Poultry Bird ...................................................................................................................................... 69
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5.4 Ornamental or Pet Bird ................................................................................................................... 70
5.5 Hide and Skin ................................................................................................................................... 71
5.6 Production Scenario in the Livestock Sector of West Bengal ........................................................ 71
5.7 By-Product from Animal Bio-resources .......................................................................................... 72
5.8 Market Analysis of Animal Products .............................................................................................. 72
CHAPTER- VI ................................................................................................................................................. 75
FISHERIES & OTHER AQUATIC PRODUCTS ................................................................................................. 75
6.1 Overview of Fisheries Resources of West Bengal .......................................................................... 75
6.2 Fresh Water Aquaculture ................................................................................................................ 77
6.2.1 Carp Culture .................................................................................................................................. 77
6.2.2 Cat Fish .......................................................................................................................................... 77
6.2.3 Other Finned Fishes ...................................................................................................................... 77
6.2.3 Fresh Water Prawn ....................................................................................................................... 78
6.2.4 Mussels and Pearl ......................................................................................................................... 78
6.2.5 Fresh Water Fish Catch /Production in the State ......................................................................... 78
6.2.6 Brackish Water Fish Resources ..................................................................................................... 79
6.3 Fish Seed Production in West Bengal ............................................................................................. 79
6.4 Diversified Aquaculture Sub-sectors (Small Indigenous Fish & Ornamental Fish) ....................... 81
6.5 Sewage Fed Fish Culture/East Kolkata Wet Land (Bheri) Fish Culture .......................................... 84
6.6 Marine Sub-Sector Overview .......................................................................................................... 85
6.7 Catch/Production Profile from Marine Sector ............................................................................... 86
6.8 Crab .................................................................................................................................................. 87
6.9 Dry Fish ............................................................................................................................................ 88
6.10 Fish Products ................................................................................................................................. 91
6.11 Fish Markets .................................................................................................................................. 91
6.12 Export of Fish ................................................................................................................................. 94
CHAPTER VII ................................................................................................................................................. 96
FOREST AND ALLIED PRODUCTS ................................................................................................................. 96
7.1 Overview of Forests in West Bengal ............................................................................................... 96
7.2 Forest Based Bio-Resources ........................................................................................................... 96
7.3 Methodology ................................................................................................................................... 97
7.4 Major Forest Produce - Timber ....................................................................................................... 98
7.5 Non-Timber Forest Produce (NTFP) ................................................................................................ 99
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7.5.1 Honey and Wax ........................................................................................................................... 100
7.5.2 Sabai Grass and Citronella Grass ................................................................................................ 101
7.5.3 Kendu Leaf .................................................................................................................................. 101
7.5.4 Sal Leaf ........................................................................................................................................ 101
7.5.5 Sal Seed, Mahua Seed, Mahua Flower ....................................................................................... 102
7.5.6 Lac ............................................................................................................................................... 102
7.6 NTFPs of Protected Forest Areas .................................................................................................. 102
CHAPTER VIII .................................................................................................................................. 104
MEDICINAL PLANTS ........................................................................................................................... 104
8.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 104
8.2 Methodology ................................................................................................................................ 105
8.3 Collection of data from the Forest Protection Committees (FPCs) ............................................ 105
8.3.1 Medicinal Plants Collected from a Typical Forest Area (Goaltore Region) ................................. 106
8.4 Cultivation of Medicinal Plants ..................................................................................................... 107
8.5 Collection of data from Traders .................................................................................................... 107
8.6 Export of Medicinal Plants ............................................................................................................ 108
8.7 Total Trade of Medicinal Plants .................................................................................................... 108
CHAPTER IX ................................................................................................................................................ 110
BIO-RESOURCE BASED INDUSTRIES ............................................................................................................ 110
9.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 110
9.2 Industry Sector - Food Processing .................................................................................................. 110
9.3 Industry Sector: Rice based products – Rice Bran Oil .................................................................. 112
9.4 Processed Fish ............................................................................................................................... 115
9.5 Ayurveda and Unani Medicine Producing Units .......................................................................... 116
9.6 Industry Sector: Jute...................................................................................................................... 116
9.7 Industry Sector: Leather ................................................................................................................ 117
9.8 Industry Sector: Plywood .............................................................................................................. 118
9.9 Industry Sector: Cane & Bamboo .................................................................................................. 118
CHAPTER X .................................................................................................................................................. 119
WAY FORWARD ............................................................................................................................................ 119
10.1 In-depth Understanding of the Bio-resources ............................................................................ 119
10.2 Regular Data Collection from All Sources ................................................................................... 120
10.3 Capturing Data by State Government Offices ............................................................................ 120
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10.4 Sensitizing the Local Governments ............................................................................................. 120
10.5 Community Ownership and Involvement in Managing Bio-resources...................................... 121
ANNEXURE.......................................................................................................................................... 122
Acknowledgement
West Bengal Biodiversity Board decided to study on “Tradable Bio-resources in West Bengal”
and entrusted the same upon the consortium formed by Riddhi Foundation and Business Brio,
who jointly took up the work. The study team comprising members of both the organization is
grateful to the Board for reposing faith on the organizations in conducting this study as well as
in providing all possible support in completing the task.
The study team contacted the district administration of all the districts and the District
Magistrates, Additional District Magistrates and district level officials of all the departments
concerned with bio-resources and agencies associated with promotion and management of
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various bio-resources were very helpful in providing data available with them, which has been
one of the most important sources of information for the study. The state level officials starting
from the Secretary of the department concerned and heads of various directorates and other
officials were also very helpful in giving access to their data in preparing the report. The team
gratefully acknowledges their support and contribution in completing the study.
Several Government of India organizations also assisted the team by providing data available
with them. The team is thankful to all of them for extending all possible help.
The team approached several organizations engaged in production, marketing and processing
of bio-resources in the state level, district and sub-district level. The team also interacted with
many market management committees, organization of specific products and individual
grower, trader and manufacturer as well as experts in particular fields. That also includes many
members of the Biodiversity Management Committees who were very informative on bio-
resources of their areas. Much information would not have been available without their
support. The study team gratefully acknowledges their valuable contribution in completing the
study.
Business Brio Riddhi Foundation
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Abbreviations
ABS- Access And Benefit Sharing Mechanism ADM- Additional District Magistrate ARD –Animal Resource Development APEDA- Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority BMC- Bio Diversity Management Committee BPL -Below Poverty Line BLF- Bought Leaf Factories DM- District Magistrate DGCI&S- Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics EDC -Eco-Development Committee EU- European Union FGD- Focus Group Discussion FPC -Forest Protection Committee FSI -Forest Survey of India GI- Geographical Indication GP- Gram Panchayat GoI- Government of India GoWB- Government of West Bengal GS-Growing Stock GSDP- Gross State Domestic Product HFCS- High-Fructose Corn Syrup IEC- Importer Exporter Code IMC- Indian Major Carp IQF-Individually quick frozen KG- Kilogram MoA & AH- Ministry of Agriculture & Animal Husbandry MPEDA- Marine and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority MT- Metric Ton MSME -Medium, Small & Micro Enterprises NPOP -National Programme for Organic Production NPO -National Organic Programme NPCBB -National Project for Cattle & Buffalo Breeding NTFP -Non-Timber Forest Produces PBGSBS- Paschim Banga Go-Sampad Bikash Sanstha PGI- Protected Geographical Indication RKVY -Rashtriya Krishi Vikash Yojana SDP -State Domestic Product SIF -Small Indigenous Fishes SHG- Self Help Group TOF -Trees Outside Forests WBFDC-West Bengal Forest Development Corporation
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Executive Summary and Overview
1.1 Introduction West Bengal has rich bio-resources because of a combination of several factors like highly
varied agro-climatic regions, high rainfall and rich soil. Agriculture and allied activities covering
the other bio-resources contribute to around 24% of the net State Domestic Product of West
Bengal1. Share of employment of this sector is still the largest. The state is also having the
highest population density implying tremendous pressure on its bio-resources, which provides
all the basic needs for sustenance. Application of scientific knowledge to increase production
and other human interferences has made some of the resources extinct and many more
varieties are under threat. Conserving biological diversity is a global concern and India passed
the Biological Diversity Act 2002 for conserving bio-diversity of the country. Knowledge of
existing bio-resources and related issues like fair and equitable benefit sharing to the conserver
becomes very important in this context and the first step towards that is an assessment of all
bio-resources of the state and possible value addition through industrial processing.
1.2 The Study Objectives The “Study on Tradable Bio-resources in West Bengal”, commissioned by the West Bengal Bio-
diversity Board with the following objectives:
1. To get an overview of the various bio-resources being traded by various bio-resource
based industries.
2. Identify and assess volumes of those bio-resources in West Bengal and their economic
potential in order to promote their conservation, sustainable use and piloting ABS
mechanism
3. To get an inventory of bio-resource based industries of West Bengal.
The study was entrusted to a consortium formed by Riddhi Foundation and Business Brio. There
were several meetings with the members of the West Bengal Biodiversity Board and the study
was expanded to cover all the bio-resources of the state which are traded to get a firsthand
knowledge of all the tradable bio-resources and to also meet the specific objectives stated
above.
1.3 The Challenges and Limitations The study is unique in the sense that it is the first ever study in the country aimed at capturing
together the wide variety of bio-resources, which are naturally available or grown in any state
and the volume of trade of those resources. The study also attempts to document the quantum 1 Govt. of West Bengal, Finance Department, Economic Review 2011-12 (Part II)
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and value of bio-resources which are used as inputs to industry and thus have higher value
addition before ultimate consumption, which has implications in access benefit sharing for
conservation and sustainable production of the resources. The study had to face several
challenges in accessing data, particularly from the bio-resource based industries and other
organized sectors. They had the data but were not willing to share and in many cases not aware
of the actual place from where their suppliers have sourced the inputs. On the other hand the
growers or those engaged in producing or gathering the bio-resources are highly scattered and
unorganized and obtaining data from all of them was not possible within the scope of the
study. There were several limitations like shortage of time, particularly not covering all the
seasons of the year. All efforts have been made to identify all primary bio-resources and to
make the best estimate of the annual traded volume and identifying the industries which use
the bio-resources in spite of the challenges and the limitations. The methodology of the study
has been described in Chapter I.
1.4 An Overview of the Tradable Bio-resources The table below provides overall estimate of the tradable bio-resources of the state under
different broad categories. The total amount of annual traded value comes to Rs. 1,92,930
crore at current price.
Summary of tradable value of bio-resources in West Bengal
Bio-resources - broad sector Total Tradable Value (in Crore Rs.) Share in percentage
Agricultural Crops 58970.86 30.09
Horticultural Crops 68447.06 35.12
Sericultural Bio-Resources 462.25 0.24
Animal Resources 31868.90 16.58
Fisheries Resources 31383.42 16.27
Forest Based Bio-Resources 3235.00 1.68
Medicinal Plants 55.00 0.02
Total 194422.5 100
In terms of value the most important category of bio-resources of the state is horticulture,
followed closely by agriculture. Animal husbandry and fisheries have tradable values very close
to each other. The details have been provided category wise in chapters II to VIII. It has been
difficult to identify the actual quantum of inputs to various industrial processes. However, the
study could broadly identify the industries along with information on inputs they use. An
analysis of various industries and inputs used by them has been made in chapter IX. The study
also documents the list of industries using bio-resources.
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1.5 Specific Bio-resource Based Detailed Study
The quick study conducted as per scope of the present work was not adequate to identify the
details for every type of bio-resources and use and value addition in every type of bio-resource
based industries. There is need for in-depth studies in respect of some of the bio-resources
from ABS point of view. 21 bio-resources with total tradable value of Rs 95,734 crore have been
identified for this purpose. The list of such items has been provided in chapter X.
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CHAPTER - I
METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY
1.1 Approach West Bengal Bio-diversity Board has embarked on a pioneering study to make a comprehensive
inventory of tradable bio-resources and bio-resource-based industries in the state of West
Bengal. This is the first such comprehensive study that is being carried out in any state in India.
Conducting such study is complex in nature since almost the entire production of bio-resources
takes place in the unorganized sector, mostly by small farmers across the entire state and
marketing of the produces is also equally unorganized and widely distributed for almost all the
products, except in a few cases like tea etc. The commodities are mostly non-taxable and,
therefore, no record of total trade is maintained by any authority. Most of the markets are also
unorganized and there is no system of keeping any record systematically anywhere except
where the commodities are purchased as inputs by the organized sector, which is generally a
very small portion of the total trade. Many of the bio-resources, especially the plant-based (i.e.
agriculture and horticulture produces) ones are seasonal. Hence all of them are neither
harvested nor available or traded all year round. Therefore, trade related data cannot be fully
captured by visiting the markets – big wholesale markets or smaller haats at villages in a short
span of three or four months. So, the study could not be based on primary survey only for
capturing the required information.
In view of the immense importance of this study, one has to, therefore, delve into depths of
this unexplored world of information on tradable bio-resources. Not only all the tradable bio-
resources of the state with diverse geographical terrain and climate needed to be identified and
reported but relevant trade and industry bodies needed to be contacted to estimate the trade
volume and value and usage in the industry in appropriate cases. Therefore, a structured and
methodical approach had to be developed to capture both dimensions of the study - the
tradable dimension with both volume and value, and the geographical dimension covering the
entire length and breadth of the state and, the research methodology needed to address the
same.
Considering the constraints of taking up direct market survey as the only means of gathering
information, a mixed method of collecting information from the market as well as collecting
production data from the official sources of the state government was adopted to identify the
tradable bio-resources of each district as well as for collection of trade data. Since there is no
previous study conducted in this area, an inventory of bio-resources or any estimate of tradable
bio-resources in the state was not available. In this situation, data collection started by
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gathering whatever data is available at the government level – not only at the state level in
respective directorates but also at the district level. District level officers and experts, who are
specifically involved with tradable bio-resources, were approached in each district. Interactions
were organized with them with the support of the District Magistrates. Representatives of
trade bodies like chambers of commerce and market committees, industry bodies and
individual growers and traders were interviewed in each district in order to understand and
capture the tradable volume and value of bio-resources to supplement the information
received from the government.
The types of bio-resources are very diverse. For convenience of the study, the entire gamut of
tradable bio-resources has been broadly categorized under Agriculture, Horticulture,
Sericulture, Animal Resource, Fishery, Forestry and Medicinal plants. Some of the products like
honey, lac etc. are collected from forest as well as from outside the forest and those have been
covered under Forestry. In fact, Sericulture and medicinal plants also come under this category
but being very important in terms of total volume and value of silk produced in the state, and
medicinal plants as an important input in industry, the same has been discussed separately.
Important bio-resources used in industries have also been documented and the inventory of
industries that use these bio-resources has been prepared as per the stated objective of the
project and those are included in a separate chapter.
For this project, no exclusion was made in terms of tradable bio-resources as defined in the
Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and all bio-resources were included within the scope of the study.
The primary focus of the study, therefore, has been to gather data of the tradable volume and
value of the traded bio-resources as categorized above across the landscape of West Bengal,
which extends from the Sundarbans mangroves in the Bay of Bengal through the fertile
Gangetic plain to the pristine Himalayan range in Darjeeling.
1.2 Methodology
The methodology of the study involved focus group discussions (FGD), in-depth interviews and
interactions with the key stakeholders and informants. Information was also collected through
visits and observations in the markets. In order to collect data, interviews were conducted with
individuals when they were not forthcoming to share data in groups. This method was adopted
mostly with traders and representatives of trade associations at markets and haats. They were
encouraged to provide information without giving reference to any particular business unit so
that they would not feel threatened on future liability of payment of any tax etc. However, it
did not work in some cases and it proved difficult to get trade/valuation specific data.
Following group of stakeholders were contacted for data collection -
i. District level officers of the departments associated with promotion and management of
bio-resources (like agriculture, horticulture, fishery, animal resources, sericulture,
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forestry etc.) and District Magistrate (DM) or other senior officers like Additional District
Magistrate (ADM) in each district of the state.
ii. Trade bodies and some representative traders in the districts along with the Agricultural
Marketing Officer.
iii. Industry bodies and industry representatives along with General Manager DIC and
District Khadi & Village Industries Officer of the districts.
iv. Representatives of the relevant Directorates and various state level Councils/Promotion
Agencies.
v. Individuals and experts for gathering and also validating information received from
other sources.
The rationale of choosing the stakeholders, the information sourced from them and the
detailed methodology is given below.
1.2.1 Group discussions with line departments in districts
Prior to the meetings, District Magistrates were informed in every district about the importance
of the study. Meetings were organized in coordination with the district administration that
cooperated to bring the officials of relevant government departments and experts as
mentioned below:-
Agriculture
Horticulture
Animal Resource
Fisheries
Forestry
Sericulture
DIC
Agricultural Marketing
NABARD
KVIB
As the line officers are most aware of the products and developments in the districts, the above
departments associated with different bio-resources were selected. These meetings were
organized under the supervision of DMs or ADMs with district level officers concerned. These
Focus Group Discussions were conducted in 19 out 20 districts of West Bengal. No such meeting
could be organized in the district of South 24 Parganas, but information was collected from
individual offices. The sessions were mostly presided over by the respective DMs or ADMs
(generally ADM in charge of development) and organized at the Collectorate building, mostly in
the chamber of the DM/ADM in respective districts. These meetings were facilitated by the
study team which started with brainstorming for identifying the bio-resources of the district.
Brainstorming Session with District Officials of Hooghly District
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The participation was very encouraging and exciting, which also helped in sensitizing the key
officials of the districts to the knowledge
of bio-diversity of the district and
collecting more information through
their sub-district level officials where
needed. It brought into light many
species of bio-resources that are found
naturally as well as those that are being
cultivated in the districts. The exercise
also unearthed many lesser known bio-
resources that are consumed locally and
either traded in very small quantity in local markets and haats like timbur, bokrom, red round
chilli, kudrum, kaon millet, geri-googly (mollusc), different types of mushrooms, different types
of weed fish etc. or not traded at all. After exhaustive identification of the products the next
exercise was to quantify the volume of production and the market value. This was not possible
during course of the FGD and, the officials and other key informants gathered such information
subsequently from their office records as well as from the field level data and shared the same
with the research team.
1.2.2 Interaction with Trade Bodies Meetings were conducted with trade bodies and industry representatives. These were held in
group discussion mode to elicit information on bio-resources which are traded in large
quantities including those that are used as inputs to industries. Some of these meetings were
presided over by the DMs or ADMs of respective districts along with other officials including
officials of the Commercial Tax Directorate in a few cases. Individual entrepreneurs,
representatives of professional bodies and agencies engaged in promotion of select bio-
resources also participated in a few cases. There were also separate meetings with industry
representatives, held generally in presence of the GM-DIC. Representatives from more than
one hundred organizations, the list of which are given in Annexure 1.1, attended the meetings
at the district level. Types of participants, other than government officials and other public
sector representatives who attended the group discussions at their respective districts are
given below.
Producer Societies/Grower’s association/ Krishi Unnayan Samiti
Farmers club
Individual producer/entrepreneur
Cooperative Societies/Samabay Krishi Unnayan Samiti
Chamber of Commerce/Byabsayee Samiti
Industrial Associations
Society of artisans
Discussion with Officials & Others at Jalpaiguri
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Individual market based association
Nature Club
Block level Bio Diversity Management Committees (BMCs)
Research organization
Societal organization having interest in bio-resources
Experts known to be dealing with any particular bio-resources
Feedback from more than five hundred persons were captured at the district level interactions
apart from those whom the members of the study team met by visiting individual
market/organization/village etc. The study team also met state level and other important
organizations. Names of some of them are mentioned below:
Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)
Marine and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA)
Bureau of Applied Economics and Statistics
Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCI&S)
State Medicinal Plant Board
Tea Board
Office of the Jute Commissioner
West Bengal Khadi & Village Industry Board
State Pollution Control Board
Tannery Association
Bazaar Samiti in Mallickghat Flower Market, Kolkata
Byabsayee Samiti Task Force in Sealdah Kole market, Kolkata
West Bengal Poultry Federation
Indian Leather Product Association
Council for Leather Export
1.2.3 Interaction with Individual Traders In many cases the meetings mentioned above were followed up with individual interactions
(interviews) with respective trade bodies like poultry federation, vegetable growers’
association, tannery association, byabsayee samiti as well as individual traders to understand
the nature of trade and estimate the volume. Interviews with individual stockist (aratdar) and
traders in prominent markets and haats of the districts have also been conducted across
categories. However, trade bodies and traders were mostly reluctant to share data on volume
and value of trade in fear of being taxed by the government or getting caught unaware.
1.2.4 Visits to Markets/Haats Observational studies were conducted in major markets/haats in the districts as well as many
wholesale and special markets in Kolkata, Howrah and Siliguri. There are about 3000 big and
small markets in West Bengal. Some are regulated markets under government management
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and others are private markets. Stratified sampling method was used for market identification.
The first level of stratification was based on categories of bio-resources like agriculture, fishery,
animal resources etc. Then factors like diversity of products in each category, source areas and
trading hubs were considered to identify markets to be visited. Information received from Agri-
marketing department was also used for this purpose. The research team interacted with
wholesalers as well as retailers in these markets.
During the course of the study, 149 markets of different sizes covering all the bio-resource
categories and all the districts of West Bengal were visited by the research team. This included
general markets like Siliguri market in Darjeeling, Dhupguri market in Jalpaiguri, Gadamara and
Deganaga markets in North 24 Parganas, Amtala and Baruipur markets in South 24 Parganas,
Asansol Borobazar in Burdwan, Bethuadahari and Kalyani markets in Nadia, Garbeta in West
Medinipur, Egra in East Medinipur etc. where many items are traded across categories. We also
visited markets where special items are traded like Egra (East Medinipur) for dry fish;
Malancha, South 24 Parganas for fish; Falakata, Jalpaiguri for pig meat; Mechhua phal patty,
Kolkata for fruits; Rajakatra, Kolkata for chhana; coconut market in Sankrail, Howrah;
Chawkbazaar in Bankura for sal leaves; Cotton street, Kolkata for medicinal plants; Mallickghat
flower market, Kolkata; fish seed market at Rajendrapur (Naihati), North 24 Parganas, Siliguri
Gurung Basti, Siliguri for broomstick, Kumartuli (Kolkata) and Bonkapashi (Burdwan) for pith
(shola) etc. A detailed list of markets visited may be referred in Map 1.1. The focus here was to
spot unique items and interact with traders to find out the price, availability, sourcing, volume,
command area for these markets etc.
1.2.5 Interaction with Industry Industry representatives were also approached and interviewed in Kolkata as well as in district
headquarters for information on processing of bio-resources as well as data on usage of
ingredients. Companies manufacturing Ayurvedic products in Howrah and Kolkata; meat and
milk processing companies in Howrah, Hooghly, Kolkata, Darjeeling; oil mills in Bankura and
Burdwan; Vermi-compost manufacturers in Bankura and Hooghly; fish processing units near
Kolkata and East Medinipur; floriculture and orchid growers in Darjeeling and many food
processing companies manufacturing diverse products from snacks to rice mills were met for
estimating the value of industrial input taken from bio-resources. Executives from small,
medium and large companies in these sectors were met for getting an all-round understanding
and estimate. However, due to lack of awareness about Bio-diversity Act or its benefit, they
were generally not co-operative to share data. Many craftsmen were also met to understand
usage of bio-resources like jute, bamboo, cane, shola (pith), timber in producing different types
of handcrafted and machine crafted items and their trade value.
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1.2.6 Data Collection Instruments Primarily, two instruments were used during the course of the study –
i. A data collection format was designed and circulated to collect data on bio-resources
from the line departments as well as trade bodies, traders, directorates and councils.
The format is enclosed as Annexure 1.2.
ii. Discussion guides and interview guides were also created and used for probing and
capturing information from group and individual interactions respectively.
1.2.7 Geographical Coverage As availability of bio-resources depends on geographical and climatic conditions, the research
methodology had to be developed in such a way so as to capture the unique bio-resources
found or grown in different geographical regions apart from the common ones which are grown
across geographies. Therefore all districts were covered in the primary field survey.
The research team visited each of the 20 districts of West Bengal to capture this bio-
diversity through group discussions as well as individual interactions with officials of line
departments in the government and trade.
In these interactions, emphasis was given on having relevant data on unique species of
the district apart from the common ones.
Markets and haats were also visited in these districts to spot the bio-resource (wherever
possible, given the seasonality aspect) and to estimate the trade aspect. Total 149
markets/haats were visited the list of which is given in Annexure 1.3. The locations of
the markets/haats are shown approximately in the map below.
Directorates and councils were also contacted and visited like Indian Leather Product
Association, Council for Leather Export, Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export
Development Authority (APEDA), Marine and Processed Food Products Export
Development Authority (MPEDA), Bureau of Applied Economics and Statistics,
Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCI&S), WB Poultry
Federation, Tannery Association, State Medicinal Plant Board, Tea Board, Office of the
Jute Commissioner etc. to collect aggregate level information on production and trade
related to West Bengal.
All the markets visited in each district are listed below as well as shown in the map.
19
Map 1.1: Map showing all the markets visited in West Bengal
20
1.2.8 Data Collation and Review The discussion of the sessions with government officials were captured in Minute of the
Meeting (MoM) and re-circulated to the relevant department heads for validation and further
inputs. The received data has been reviewed thoroughly – collating and crosschecking whether
it is correct and relevant. In either case, if data was found to be missing or irrelevant, the same
was referred back to the concerned official or expert to get an update or clarify the same as the
case may be. Wherever the bio-resource could not be spotted in the local market due to
seasonality factor, help of local traders, growers and experts were taken to identify and gather
data. The received data was reviewed and scrutinized by the research team and in some cases
the subject matter specialists were consulted for final validation and estimation. Rate of
different produces were collected from different markets and locations as well as Agri-
marketing department in districts. Data collected on amount of bio-resource bought and sold,
price, supply etc. from traders were noted and then verified.
1.2.9 Data Estimation and Analysis For production volume, the average of last two or three years, as available, and the market rate
have been taken to estimate the tradable value. Due to variation in price range on account of
seasonality and availability, average market price has been taken to arrive at tradable value.
Out of the total produce of bio-resources (both plant and animal-based resources), some
amount of produce is used for own consumption of farmers as well as for seed for sowing in the
next season. However, it is negligible when compared to the overall production or trade.
Though attempt was made to identify the command area (from where the commodities are
sourced) of the markets and the ultimate destination of the traded commodity, it was difficult
to do it for all the markets visited under this study. Also, there is a possibility of double counting
of tradable volume and value as the items/goods move across markets within districts and
across districts. Produces from adjoining states are also sourced and sold in different markets as
well as used as industry inputs. Total tradable value of many bio-resources was not so
significant and those have been mentioned for listing purpose.
21
CHAPTER – II
AGRICULTURE
2.1 An Overview of Agriculture in West Bengal West Bengal has been broadly divided into six agro-climatic zones based on rainfall,
temperature, soil types and topography of land. Despite having only 2.78 per cent of the
nation’s cultivable land, the state has achieved significant growth in agricultural production
over the past few decades and is now on the top in producing a variety of agricultural produces
in the country. It is one of the most important food producing states in India, producing nearly
20 per cent of the rice and 33 per cent of the potato, although accounting for only around 8 per
cent of the population of India2. Rural economy of West Bengal is primarily dependent on
agriculture (including allied activities) and related industry. Agriculture accounts for the largest
share of the labour force. Employment generated from the sector including horticulture is
nearly 57 per cent of the rural workforce (Adhikari et al.). The importance of agriculture in the
state’s economy is reflected by its contribution of about 20.69 per cent to the total net State
Domestic Product (SDP)3. The tradable value of different agricultural crops in West Bengal is
estimated to be Rs. 58,133.16 crore of broad details are given in the Table 2.1 below.
Table 2.1: Production and Tradable Value of Agricultural Crops of West Bengal
Type Production in '000 MT Total Tradable Value (Rs. crore)
Rice 10006.8 35023.75
Tea 305.6 9,170.00
Fibre 1911.9 5,066.28
Oilseeds 784.1 4,748.78
Wheat 911.9 1,550.20
Major Pulses 195.2 1,493.67
Tobacco 25.5 510.00
Sugarcane/Gur 1781.0/140 1,258.18
Maize 107.1 150.00
Total 14248.1 58,970.86
2Kali SankarChattopadhayay, Debajit Roy. 2011. Impact Study of the National Horticulture Mission Scheme in West Bengal
3Food Processing Industries Survey, West Bengal
22
Details of tradable value are given in the relevant sections below. In terms of tradable value,
rice contributes to about 60 per cent share of total agricultural crops followed by tea at 16 per
cent, jute at 9 per cent and oilseeds at 8 per cent. This is shown in Chart 2.1 below.
Chart 2.1: Share of Tradable Value of Different Agricultural Crops in West Bengal
2.2 Cereals 2.2.1 Rice (Oryza sativa)
Rice is the principal food crop and cereal of West Bengal and the state is the largest producer of
paddy in India with an annual output of around 15 million tonnes4. Rice is used in a wide range
of food categories in West Bengal. There are three rice-growing seasons - Aus, Aman and Boro.
Consumption of cooked rice in the state is 164 kg/year/person5, which contributes 64 per cent
of the total calorie intake/person/day6.
Production data of three different types of paddy crops available with the government at the
state level was collected and validated with the data collected from the districts. Production
volume for the latest years after conversion in to rice is given in Table 2.2. Comparing the
available data on production of major rice crops in West Bengal during 2012-13 and 2013-14, it
works out that Aman paddy contributes to about 70 per cent of production followed by
contribution of about 27 per cent by Boro paddy. Aus variety contributes to only balance 3 per
cent of production. Top five rice producing districts of West Bengal are Burdwan, West
Medinipur, Bankura, Birbhum and Murshidabad.
4B. Adhikari, M. K. Bag, M. K. Bhowmick and C. Kundu. Status Paper on Rice in West Bengal
5 K.S. Kavi Kumar, Kamal Karunagoda, Enamul Haque, L. Venkatachelam, Girish Nath Bahal. 2012. Addressing Long-term Challenges to Food Security and Rural Livelihoods in South Asia 6B. Adhikari, M. K. Bag, M. K. Bhowmick and C. Kundu. Status Paper on Rice in West Bengal
23
Table 2.2: Production Volume of Rice – 2012-13 and 2013-14 (‘000 MT) Crop Production in 2012-13 Production in 2013-14
Aus 310.96 325.81
Aman 6,870.95 6959.75
Boro 2,682.93 2863.17
Total 9,864.84 10148.73 Source: Table compiled on available data from Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics (for years 2012-13 and
2013-14) and market survey
The tradable volume and value of rice is given in the Table-2.3.
Table 2.3: Estimated Volume and Trade Data of Rice
Crop Production (‘000 tonnes) Market Rate (Rs/kg) Total Tradable Value (in Rs. crore)
Rice 10006.79 30 - 40 35023.75
Source: Table compiled on available data from Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics (for years 2012-13 and 2013-14) and market survey
The tradable volume of rice, averaged over the years 2011-12 to 2013-14 in the state is
100,06,786.86 tonnes which amounts to Rs. 35,023.75 crores. Apart from the three seasonal
varieties of paddy grown in the state, namely, Aman, Boro and Aus, West Bengal is also known
for cultivation of many other rice varieties based on their shape, flavour, taste, and disease
tolerance. In the next section, information on aromatic rice has been provided.
2.2.1.1 Aromatic Rice
Different varieties of aromatic rice are cultivated in many districts of West Bengal. An estimated
1,11,355 MT of aromatic rice is cultivated in the state having tradable value of Rs 835 crores. It
is about 1 per cent of total volume of rice produced and 2.5 per cent of tradable value of rice.
Gobindobhog is the most important aromatic rice of the state. Districts of Burdwan and
Bankura are the main producers of Gobindobhog rice. 48,732 MT Aromatic rice is produced in
Burdwan. About 70 per cent of rice produced in blocks of Ausgram, Bhatar, Galsi, Jamalpur,
Khandarghosh, Memari, Raina, Kalna, Katwa, Purbasthali, Manteswar, Ketugram in Burdwan is
of Gobindobhog variety. Total tradable value of Aromatic rice of Burdwan district is Rs. 366
crores. Bankura is the 2nd most important producer of aromatic rice. It produces 29,700 MT
Aromatic rice of value Rs. 223 crores. Other major aromatic rice producing districts are: West
Medinipur (production volume: 14025 MT), North Dinajpur (production volume: 9929 MT)
Hooghly (production volume: 4371.27 MT) and Jalpaiguri (production volume: 430 MT). Some
amount of aromatic rice is also cultivated in Nadia, Murshidabad and South Dinajpur districts.
The Table 2.4 shows the list of different varieties of aromatic rice and districts where those are
cultivated. Apart from the varieties mentioned in the table the research team also found an
24
attempt to introduce Basmati variety of aromatic rice in Kulgachhi village of Krishnanagar I
block in Nadia district with support of the ZARS, Krishnanagar7.
Table 2.4: Major Aromatic Rice cultivated in West Bengal
Type District (s) where cultivated
Govindabhog Hooghly, Burdwan, Bankura, South 24 Parganas, West Medinipur
Black Rice Nadia
Kalo Nunia Jalpaiguri, Coochbehar, South Dinajpur,
Katari Bhog Jalpaiguri, Coochbehar, South Dinajpur
Chorkatha rice Coochbehar
Kalabhat Rice Purulia
Radhunipagol North 24 - Paraganas
Red Rice Nadia
Sampa Rice South Dinajpur
Tulaipanji Rice North Dinajpur, Murshidabad
Tulsivog rice Coochbehar
Kanakchur North 24 – Paraganas
Badshahbhog Bankura
Source: Interactions at district levels
One of the most popular aromatic rice apart from Govindobhog is Tulaipanji. It is primarily
grown in the blocks of Hemtabad, Kaliaganj and Itahar of North Dinajpur district. The
productivity of Tulaipanji rice is 320-330 kg per bigha or about 2.4-2.5 MT/hectare. Total
production of Tulaipanji in North Dinajpur in the year 2013-14 was about 9,929 MT. Tulaipanji is
also reported to be grown in Dahapara of Murshidabad district. It is sold at an average price of
Rs. 70 – 90 per Kg. The annual tradable value of Tulaipanji is about Rs. 80 crores. Kanakchur is
grown mainly in North 24 Parganas and is used for making moa, a typical Bengali sweat using
debt palm juice and puffed rice (khoi). Kaalabhat is one of the locally grown rice of Purulia
district. It is drought resistant, high in iron-content and is said to be good for the health of
pregnant women. Shampa rice is good quality rice produced in South Dinajpur district. Kalo
nunia is grown mostly in the districts of erstwhile Jalpaiguri and Coochbehar. There are several
other varieties of aromatic rice in the erstwhile Jalpaiguri district. Table 2.5 presents the
production volume and value of such rice.
7Report from Zonal Adaptive Research Station, Krishnagar and information provided by Mr Gurudas Mandal of
Biswabharati Krishi Swambhar Gosthi, Kulgachhi, Nadia.
25
The above mentioned varieties of aromatic rice are cultivated in the state as captured through
focus group discussions at district level. The tradable volume or value is not high compared to
the total rice produced and traded in the state. Apart from these, there are many other
varieties of rice that are grown in West Bengal but the quantity of those are even smaller to get
captured in trade. Hence, there is a huge scope to promote the cultivation of these high value
(higher unit rate compared to regular rice) aromatic/scented rice in the state.
2.2.1.2 By-products of Rice By-products of rice are very important. The economics of rice milling industries is largely
dependent on commercial utilization of its by-products. Husk, bran and broken rice are the
valuable byproducts of the rice milling industries.
(i) Rice Husk: Rice husk constitutes the largest by-product of rice milling and one fourth of the
paddy by weight consists of rice husk. An estimated 3718,800 tonnes of husk is available for
use in West Bengal. Rice husk has a considerable fuel value for a variety of possible
industrial usages, such as boiler fuel, source of silica for the manufacturing of silicates, or in
glass manufacturing. Pulverized husk can be used as cattle feed on large scale. However, the
tradable value of husk could not be estimated.
(ii) Rice Bran: Rice bran is the most valuable by-product of the rice milling industry. Rice bran
oil is the oil extracted from the hard outer brown layer of rice and it amounts upto 4 – 9% of
the weight of paddy milled. Rice bran can be utilized in various ways. Refined rice bran oil is a
supplementary source of edible oil. Rice bran also contains high fat, protein, vitamins, minerals
and many other useful chemicals and is highly nutritious.
Table 2.5: Different Types of Aromatic Rice Cultivated in Jalpaiguri (erstwhile) District
Name Cultivated in Production
volume
Retail Market
Rate/kg
Total Value
(Rs. Crore )
Kalo Nunia Througout Jalpaiguri & Alipurduar 396 MT Rs. 50-55 2.10
Malsira Jalpaiguri sadar & adjoining blocks 7.92 MT NA NA
Kalsira Jalpaiguri sadar & adjoining blocks 7.92 MT NA NA
Kalojira Jalpaiguri sadar & adjoining blocks 4.95 MT Rs. 70-90 0.04
Sada Paijam Jalpaiguri sadar & adjoining blocks 2.64 MT Rs. 28-30 0.01
Masuri Paijam Jalpaiguri sadar & adjoining blocks 2.64 MT Rs. 24-26 0.01
Katari Bhog Jalpaiguri sadar & adjoining blocks 2.64 MT Rs. 40-45 0.01
Kasia Binni Jalpaiguri sadar & adjoining blocks 2.64 MT NA NA
Sada Kalam Jalpaiguri sadar & adjoining blocks 2.64 MT Rs. 23-25 0.01
Source: Report received from Department of Agriculture, Jalpaiguri District.
26
Bran from rice mill yields about 20-22 per cent rice bran oil while the yield of bran from husking
mill contains only about 7-8 per cent oil. On an average, it produces about 17 per centof rice
bran oil8. Rice bran oil is also used in the preparation of vegetable ghee.Rice bran wax, obtained
from rice bran oil, is used as a substitute for carnauba wax in cosmetics, confectionery, shoe
creams and polishing compounds. Because of its nutritional value, it is also being used as feed
for poultry and livestock. The de-oiled rice bran (DOB) is used as a major ingredient of poultry
feed and fish feed within the state as well as sent out to other states like Andhra Pradesh and
exported to countries like Vietnam.
The installed capacity of Rice bran oil in West Bengal is about 318,000 MT annually. However,
due to inadequate demand as an edible oil, the production stands at about 140,000 – 145,000
MT annually. The estimated tradable value of rice bran oil is Rs. 1,576 crores.
Solvent Extraction plants in West Bengal which produces rice bran oil are primarily located in
Burdwan district. There are also a few plants located in the districts of Hooghly, Birbhum, West
Medinipur and North Dinajpur. Most of the sellers sell the oil to bigger companies as they
consider packaging and marketing cost to be prohibitively high for them to sell under their own
brand names. A list of plants producing rice bran oil is given in Annexure 9.1.
(iii) Broken Rice: Broken rice is an important by-product of rice milling industry as
almost 16 per cent of total volume of paddy is converted into broken rice9. From nutritional
point of view, broken rice is as good as whole rice itself. Broken rice is used as a part of
animal feed. It is also used in the diet of the poor rural households of the Sundarbans, Purulia
and Bankura. Tribal people of the state also use this rice (boiled & fermented) for the
preparation of their local wine (known as Haria).
(iv) Rice based food products: In the state of West Bengal, rice based main food products are –
puffed rice (khoi), parched rice (muri) and pressed or flake rice (chiraa), rice flour etc. Many
types of snacks are made from rice and its products. Details of rice based food processing units
are covered under Industry segment in Chapter IX.
(v) Rice Straw: This is an important bye product, which is used as fodder and roofing material.
2.2.2 Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Wheat is another important cereal that is cultivated in West Bengal, predominantly in North
Dinajpur and South Dinajpur districts. Total production of wheat in the state is given in Table
2.6.
8 Based on input from Mr. Sahana, Solvent Plants Association of Eastern India
9A. Th. G. Elzebroek, Koop Wind Guide to Cultivated Plants 2008
27
Table 2.6: - Estimated Production and Value of Wheat
Production (‘000 tonnes) Rate (Rs/kg) Total Tradable Amount (Rs Crore)
911.89 16 - 18 1,550
Source: Compiled based on available data from Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics (for years
2012-13 and 2013-14), Govt. of West Bengal and district agriculture offices, market survey
2.2.2.1 By-products of Wheat Major wheat products are: coarse wheat flour (ata), refined wheat flour (maida), semolina,
macaroni products, wheat germ and wheat bran. Wheat is utilized to make products like straw
particle board (wood substitute), hand-made paper-making (wheat starch makes paper
stronger). Wheat starch is also used to make adhesives. Wheat germ oil is now extensively
being used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical products, such as hair conditioners, moisturizers,
liquid laundry detergents, water-soluble inks etc.
2.2.3 Maize (Zea mays) Darjeeling, North Dinajpur, South Dinajpur and Purulia are the major maize-producing districts
and total annual production of maize in the state during the year is 1.07 lakh MT with value Rs.
150 crore as shown in Table 2.7 below.
Table 2.7: - Estimated Production and Value of Maize
Production (‘000 tonnes) Rate Total Tradable Value (in Crore Rs.)
107.09 Rs. 13 to 15 per kg 150
Source: Compiled based on available data from Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics (for years
2012-13 and 2013-14), Govt. of West Bengal and district agriculture offices, market survey
Maize and corn have many by-products and derivatives, such as corn starch, dextrose, liquid
glucose, sorbitol, oil, gluten, germ oil, corn-flakes, high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) etc. Starch
from maize can also be made into plastics, fabrics, adhesives and other chemical products.
There are many local players in West Bengal who manufacture corn-flakes; a few are: H. R.
Food Products, M/s Sibalika, Swastick, Tai Industries Limited, Herald Food & Commodities
Private Limited. There is a growing demand for hybrid maize because of its high protein
content. ZARS, Krishnanagar is promoting production of hybrid maize seeds through
Biswabharati Krishi Swayambhar Gosthi in Kulgachhi village of the district. Total volume of
seeds produced and traded annually is around 1000 MT and the same is sold at Rs 50 a kg,
which makes the total value to about Rs 5.0 crore10.
2.2.4 Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Barley, locally known as soti, is grown in Alipurduar and Coochbehar districts. Production is very
little and it is used as powder for sweetness in Homeopathic medicine. 10
Report from ZARS Krishnanagar.
28
2.3 Minor Millets
Several minor millets are cultivated in the state. Their tradable value is not much and the same
could not be determined for some of the millets. These
are mostly consumed locally by the farmers themselves
and a small amount is also sold in local haats. The
common millets are:
i. Finger Millet or Marwa (Eleusine coracana) is
cultivated in Siliguri region. It is very adaptable to
higher elevations and is grown in the Himalaya up to
2,300 metres above the ground. Finger millet is used
as cooking item in cakes, puddings or porridge. The
grain is made into a fermented drink. The straw from
finger millet is used as animal fodder. It is also used for
a flavored drink in festivals.
ii. Buckwheat or dhenchi (Fagopyrum esculentum) is
cultivated in Alipurduar, Jalpaiguri. Total production
volume is 15 MT.
iii. Kodo (Paspalum scrobiculatum) is cultivated in
Malbazar, Meteli, Nagrakata blocks of Jalpaiguri and in
Darjeeling. In Jalpaiguri production of Kodo millet is
about 10 MT. It is used in liquor-making.
iv. Common millet/ Proso millet or cheena rice (Panicum
miliaceum) is also cultivated in small amount in
Jalpaiguri (Malbazar, Meteli and Nagrakata) and
Darjeeling districts of the state.
v. Foxtail millet or kaon (Setaria italica) is cultivated in
Alipurduar, Coochbehar, Jalpaiguri. Production of
Foxtail millet in Jalpaiguri and Alipurduar district is
about 12 MT.
vi. Barnyard millet or shyama rice (Echinochloa crusgalli, E.
colona). It is a type ofsmall grained sticky rice produced
from this grass. It is grown in small quantity in parts of
East Medinipur and Nadia districts and is said to be
Dhenchi (Fagopyrum esculentum)
Marwa (Eleusine coracana)
Cheena rice (Panicum miliaceum)
Kaon (Setaria italic)
Kodo (Paspalum scrobiculatum)
29
good for those suffering from diabetes. It is available
in the market at Rs. 70 per kg.
vii. A type of millet is also produced from the flower of
kudrum in Purulia. This millet is consumed by local
poor people for their livelihood and fodder also. Its
red colour extract from the petals is used for food
colouration.
2.4 Pulses Other major food crops of West Bengal include various types of pulses. Production of pulses in
West Bengal has increased by about 5 percent between 2012-13 and 2013-14. The tradable
value of pulses in West Bengal stands at Rs. 1493.67 crores. Major pulses produced in the state
are masur or lentil (Lens culinaris), mung or green gram (Vigna radiata), maskalai or urad dal or
black gram (Vigna mungo), chhola or Bengal gram (Cicer arietinum), matar or green pea (Pisum
sativum), arahar or red gram (Cajanus cajan) and khesari (Lathyrus sativus). Production, price
range and tradable value of major pulses are given in the table 2.8.
Table 2.8 - Estimated Production and Value of Pulses
Name Production(‘000 tonne) Rate (Rs/kg) Value (in Crore Rs.)
Lentil 61.93 90 to 100 588.29
Black gram 37.28 87 to 93 335.52
Green gram 13.31 115 to 125 159.72
Bengal Gram 29.41 45 to 50 139.70
Green pea 14.49 80 to 85 126.79
Khesari 36.73 33 to 35 124.88
Red gram 2.09 85 to 95 18.77
Total 195.23 - 1493.67
Source: Table compiled on available data from Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics (for years
2012-13 and 2013-14)
Shyama (Echinochloa crusgalli, E. colona)
Kudrum flower Kudrum grown in Purulia
30
Different kind of pulses, not mentioned above, that were found during the market survey are as
follows:
Lafa is a kind of long kidney beans, grown at Jiyaganj block of Murshidabad.
A minor pulse named kulthi kolai (Macrotyloma uniflorum) is predominantly cultivated
at Khoribari block of Siliguri and processed as dal. Its production volume is quite small
(about 1.34 tonne). It is sold in Adhikary, Ghoshpukur areas and is consumed locally. The
tradable value of kulthi kolai is about Rs. 87,000 which is very small.
A type of pulse called ‘bakram’(Vicia faba) is grown on the riversides/islands (char) in
Nadia district. This is used in food processing industry for making snacks like mixture
(chanachur). Total production of bakram in Nadia is about 81.5 tonne and tradable
value is Rs. 53 lakh. The volume of bakram is believed to be increasing due to its
growing use in food processing industry.
2.5 Oil Seeds Oilseeds are becoming one of the major agricultural crops in West Bengal. Remarkable progress
has been made during the last decade in the production of oilseeds, which increased from 0.24
million tonne to 0.55 million tonne during the last decade11. This has further gone up to 0.78
million tonne at present as per the study.
2.5.1 Data on Oil Seeds The estimated trade of oilseed in the state at present is 4,748.78 crores. Mustard is the primary
oilseed that is produced in West Bengal. Main districts which produce mustard seeds are
Murshidabad, Malda, Burdwan and South Dinajpur. Mustard oil is extracted by crushing the
seed, which is the main cooking medium of the state. De-oiled cake is a by-product of the oil
extraction process, which is used as cattle feed. Production of oil and cake from crushing are 35
per cent and 65 per cent respectively. Details of oil mills have been covered under Chapter IX.
Sesame and groundnut are also cultivated in large quantity in the state.The state also produces
small amount of linseed, which is processed to produce linseed oil. It is cultivated
predominantly in Khoribari, Phansidewa and Naxalbari blocks of Siliguri sub-division of
Darjeeling district. Production volume of linseed in Siliguri subdivision is 40 tonne. It is sold in
Khoribari, Ghoshpukur, Matigara, Naxalbari and Bidhannagar. About 40 per cent of the sub-
division’s production is exported out of West Bengal. The tradable value of linseed in Siliguri
subdivision is Rs. 14 lakh. Sunflower, hybrid Castor (Rerdi) and Niger are other oilseeds that are
cultivated in lesser quantity in the state. Production, price range and tradable value of major
oilseeds are given in the Table 2.9.
11
APEX Update, APEDA, Jul-Sep2012
31
Table 2.9 - Estimated Volume and Value of Oilseeds Crop Production (‘000 tonne) Rate (Rs/kg) Tradable Value (in Rs crore)
Mustard 476.46 38 to 40 1,858.17 Sesame 179.04 85 to 95 1,611.36 Groundnut 127.13 97 to 103 1,271.30 Linseed 1.45 52 to 58 7.95
Total 784.07 - 4748.78
Source: Table compiled on available data from Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics (for years 2012-13 and
2013-14)
2.6 Tea (Camellia sinensis)
Tea is one of the most important cash crops of West Bengal. Though the primary tea producing
areas in West Bengal are Darjeeling hills, Terai and Dooars; districts of Coochbehar, North
Dinajpur and Purulia also have some tea estates. There are 400 tea gardens in North Bengal
spreading across the Darjeeling hills, Terai and Dooars region. The youngest tea gardens are
Chinchula Tea Estate, Raimatang Tea Estate and Kalchini Tea Estate which are 72 years old. The
largest tea garden is Samsing Tea Estate which is spread over 1256.6 hectares. The production
season, when leaves are plucked, is from April to November. The leaves are processed in the
factories owned by most traditional gardens. Small growers, which have come up recently, sell
their leaves for processing. Tea produced is sold mostly through auction and there are three tea
auction centers in the state at Siliguri, Jalpaiguri and Kolkata.
Darjeeling tea has a Geographical Indication (GI) status that is globally recognized and was the
first GI tagged product of India. GI tagged Darjeeling tea grows in 87 gardens of Darjeeling
district. The distinctive, exclusive and rare character of Darjeeling tea is the result of several
factors. The tea gardens are situated at elevations from 610 to 2,134 meters on slopes which
provide ideal natural drainage for generous rainfall, which the area receives. On November 9,
2011, Darjeeling tea became the first non-Chinese tea to be looked after as a Protected
Geographical Indication (PGI) in the EU. This was an important recognition for its uniqueness
and special qualities and thus making its place among the world’s most well-known teas. With
the PGI registration, Darjeeling is protected in all EU Member Countries.
2.6.1 Data on Tea and Tradable Value According to a report on tea industry by West Bengal Industrial Development Corporation,
there were 309 tea estates in the organized sector in 2009 and there were also 8078 small tea
growers. The total area under tea cultivation in West Bengal was 140.44 lakh hectares in
201212. Total production of tea was 221.57 million kg in 2009 and it increased up to 312.88
million kg in 2013. The estimated tea production in 2014 is likely to be around 326 million kg.
West Bengal contributes to about 26 per cent of total tea production in India.
12
Annual Report of Tea Board 2012
32
Table 2.10: Tea Production at a glance in West Bengal
Year Production (in million kg) 2011 271.60 2012 279.30 2013 312.88
2014 (Jan to Sep) 232.22
Source : Tea Board
Tea production in small tea gardens is quite significant. It contributes to about 22-25 per cent of
the total leaf production in the state. There are six BLFs (Bought Leaf Factories) that process
tea, produced from these small tea gardens. Tea was auctioned at Siliguri and Kolkata auction
centers at a price range of Rs. 95 to Rs.130 per kg in 2012 while at the retail level, the price
ranges from Rs. 150 to Rs. 450 per kg. Price is even higher for finer varieties. Total tradable
value of tea is estimated to be 9,170 crores as given in Table 2.11.
Table 2.11: Tradable Value of Tea
Production Volume (avg. of 2012 – 14) Rate (Rs/kg) Tradable Value (Rs crore) 305.6 million kg 150 to 450 9,170
Source: Tea Board
Total tea export in India in 2013-14 was 225.7 million kg, accounting for Rs. 4,509 crores of
trade. Though the exact share of West Bengal in tea export could not be ascertained, still it is
understandable that the state contributes a large share of tea export.
2.7 Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) Tobacco is an important cash crop of Coochbehar district. Three varieties of tobacco, namely
Jati, Mansai and Jatra are cultivated mostly in Sitai, Dinhata and Mekhligunj areas of the
district. Jati variety is used as wrapper of cheroots and other varieties are used for making
snuff (nossy), gudakhu (tobacco based tooth paste) and bidi-mixture. There are a couple of
factories in Dinhata, which purchase the tobacco and produce these items for sale within and
outside the state. Total cultivated area of tobacco as on 2012-13 was around 14,000 ha and
average yield was 1.82 MT/ha. Thus, total production of tobacco is 25,500 MT. Average price of
Jati variety varies from Rs 2 lakh to Rs 2.5 lakh per MT and the other varieties fetch lesser price.
Total amount of trade of raw tobacco is estimated to be Rs. 510 crore per annum.
2.8 Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) Sugarcane is another important crop of West Bengal. It is predominantly cultivated in the
districts of Nadia, Birbhum, West Medinipur, Murshidabad, North 24 Parganas, North Dinajpur,
Hooghly, Burdwan and Malda. Productivity is the highest in West Medinipur where total
production of sugarcane (dry) during 2013-14 was 7.08 lakh MT. Total production in the state
33
during 2013-14 was 1.45 Lakh MT. The tradable value of sugarcane in West Bengal is Rs. 418.18
crores.
2.8.1 Data on Sugarcane in West Bengal The estimated volume and trade data of sugarcane has been given below in Table 2.12.
Table 2.12 - Estimated volume and Trade Data of Sugarcane
Production (‘000 tonne) Rate (Rs/kg) Total Value (Rs. crore)
1781.04 2.1 to 2.2 418.18
Source: Table compiled on available data from Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics (for years 2012-13 and 2013-14) and market survey
College Street Wholesale Market of Sugarcane, Kolkata
Sugarcane harvested from Mazdia, Karimpur of Nadia district, Katwa of Burdwan district,
Guptipara of Hooghly district, Jaigachi, Jaytara of
Howrah district and Amdanga of North 24
Parganas district is being traded at College Street
Wholesale Market in Kolkata from 8 p.m. to 8
a.m. daily. There are about 10 traders in this
market. In West Bengal, typically two varieties of
sugarcane generally grow - basmal (dark maroon
color) and samsura (greenish yellow color). One
variety known as MP comes from Madhya Pradesh. Market supply, harvest season and variety
are the major factors that cause price variation in Sugarcane. Typically, they are sold in mote
(20 strands of Sugarcane stick = 1 Mote). Though Rs. 300 to Rs. 350 is the selling prices of 5
Motes (100 strands) of Sugarcane from May to January months, the same price rises up to Rs.
700 - Rs. 750 between the months of February and April. An estimated trade of Rs. 5 crore is
carried out in College Street market in sugarcane on an annual basis.
2.8.2 Gur (Sugarcane Molasses) The study indicates that 40 per cent of cane produced in the state used for chewing purposes.
Rest 60 per cent which comes to 11.67 lakh MT, is used for production of gur. At a conversion
ratio of 12 per cent, it is estimated that about 1.4 lakh MT of gur is produced. At market rate of
Rs. 60 per kg, an estimated trade value of gur from sugarcane is about Rs. 840 crores.
2.9 Natural Fibres There are many natural fibres that are available in West Bengal. Jute is the highest produced
fibre cultivated in West Bengal. Production of jute (Corchorus olitorius and Corchorus
capsularis) and mesta (Hibiscus cannabinus) is shown in Table 2.13. There are few other natural
fibers like hemp (Cannabis sp.) and sisal (Agave sisalana) which grows in small quantity in the
Sugarcane market at College Street, Kolkata
34
state. Production of hemp in the state is about 4,688 bales i.e. 843.84 tonnes per annum, value
of which is round Rs. 2.1 crore. Small amount of cotton is grown in some of the Sundarban
blocks. Annual production of cotton is around 100 MT which is procured by the Cotton
Corporation of India at the rate of Rs. 40/kg13. The total traded value is Rs. 40 lakh. Silk cotton
(Shimul) grows in many districts and the product is mostly locally consumed. The total
estimated value of natural fibre including hemp and cotton is Rs. 5068.78 crore.
Table 2.13 - Estimated volume and trade data of Natural Fibres
Name of the
natural fibre
Production
(in ‘000 bales)
Production
(in tonnes)
Rate
(Rs/kg)
Total Tradable Value (in
Rs. crore)
Jute 10525 18,94,500 24-29 5028.00
Mesta 96.67 17,400.6 20-24 38.28
Total 10621.67 19,11,900 5066.28
Source: Data available from Jute Commissioner (for years 2012-13 and 2013-14) and market survey
2.10 Other Natural Fibres in West Bengal
Other fibres from plants used in the state are mentioned below:
Banana fibre is used for making ropes in Egra of East Medinipur. The state has potential to
produce banana fibre.
Sitalpati, is a traditional product of Coochbehar, which is woven from fibres of Muthra cane
(Schumannianthus dichotomus). Production has dwindled in West Bengal though there are
trained artisans in Coochbehar and Jalpaiguri districts and their work is suffering due to lack
of raw material supply. There are as many as 14,000 families trained to weave pati in
Ghughumari and its surrounding area in Coochbehar district14. In this area, Ghughumari
haat is a central trading hub for sitalpati. Raw material is reported to be sourced from
outside the state. Availability of cane in the district has dwindled substantially and the
artisans are mostly dependent on cane imported from Assam.
Bamboo fiber is not very malleable. It has been reported that in Murshidabad, bamboo fibre is
being treated to make it malleable for furniture making.
13
Information received from Shri Sadananda Maharaj of Nimpeeth Ramakrishna Mission. 14
Rural Craft hub – Sitalpati of Ghughumari by banglanatak.com, MSME, Govt, of WB
35
Reference:
1. Adhikari B., Bag M.K., Bhowmick M.K., Kundu C. (2011). Status paper on rice in West
Bengal. http://www.rkmp.co.in.
2. Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics. (2012- 13).
3. Bureau of Applied Economics & Statistics. (2013- 14).
4. Chattopadhyay K.S., Roy D. (2011). Impact study of the National Horticulture Mission
Scheme in West Bengal.
5. Department of Agriculture and Cooperation. (2012- 13). State of Indian agriculture.
Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.
6. Department of Finance. (2011- 12). Economic Review. Government of West Bengal.
7. Elzebroek A.Th. G. (2008). Koop wind guide to cultivated plants.
8. Jute Commissioner of West Bengal. (2012- 13).
9. Jute Commissioner of West Bengal. (2013- 14).
10. Kavi Kumar K.S., Karunagoda K., Haque E., Venkatachelam L., Bahal G. N. (2012).
Addressing long-term challenges to food security and rural livelihoods in South India.
Working Paper 75. Madras School of Economics, Chennai, India.
11. Tea Board. (2012). Annual Report.
36
CHAPTER III
HORTICULTURE
3.1 An Overview of Horticulture in West Bengal West Bengal’s six agro-climatic zones offer an extensive and diversified variety of environs for
the development of temperate, sub-tropical and tropical horticulture produce to cater to the
market round the year. Fertile soil and adequate rainfall in the plains of West Bengal highly
influence the production of a large variety of fruits, vegetables and flowers. As consumer
preferences have shifted from cereals and moved towards high-value horticultural products,
there has been spectacular change in terms of adoption of new technologies, production and
availability of fruits and vegetables. The production and availability of flowers have also
increased significantly.
Horticultural crops cover 21 per cent of net cultivable area in the state and West Bengal counts
for over 11.4 per cent of all Indian production of fruits and vegetables15.The major fruit crops
cultivated in the state are mango, banana, guava, pineapple, litchi, various citrus fruits,
jackfruit, water melon, orange etc. The productivity of pineapple, papaya and coconut is higher
than the national average. The overall productivity of fruit crop in the state was 12.5 tonne/ha
in 2009 and it is assumed that at present it has increased to about 14 tonne/ha16.
Given the large variety of fruits and vegetables grown in the state, it was an uphill task to
capture and make a list of all the major fruits and vegetables grown in different parts of the
state. Many experts and officials at the government level (at directorate and districts) as well as
knowledgeable people in the districts, people from the academia, members of local Bio-
diversity Management Committee etc. were contacted in order to make a comprehensive list of
fruits and vegetables of West Bengal that are traded. Many major haats as well as smaller
haats in different districts were visited to identify and capture information on unique products
in this segment. Support of local people has been crucial in identification of many fruits and
vegetables which are locally grown and consumed.
Since most of the fruits and vegetables are seasonal produces, their availability is also seasonal.
Hence, the market rate fluctuates heavily from season to off-season. So a range of price has
been reported here as collected from the markets and average price has been taken to arrive at
tradable valuation.
15
Chattopadhayay Kali Sanka and Roy Debajit. 2011. Impact Study of the National Horticulture Mission Scheme in West Bengal 16
Report of the West Bengal State Agriculture Commission 2009
37
Vegetables, fruits, flowers, plantation crops and spices come under horticulture category.
Based on the derived estimate, the tradable value of horticultural produces in West Bengal
works out to be Rs. 67,749.99 crore. Broad item wise estimate is shown in Table-3.1.
Table 3.1: Production and Tradable value of Horticultural crops of West Bengal
Type Production in '000 tonne Total Tradable Value (in Rs. crore)
Vegetables 27033.30 47,373.8
Fruits 3406.00 10,988.9
Debt Juice Products - 104.5
Flowers - 2,687.6
Spices 318.56 2,986.2
Plantation Crops - 4,199.3
Bamboo, Broom & Mat Stick - 35.75
Aquatic Crops - 55.98
Miscellaneous - 15.03
Total - 68447.06
Vegetable has the largest pie in horticulture sector by contributing 70 per cent of total tradable
value followed by plantation crops (20 per cent). Share of fruits is 16 per cent while spice,
flowers and plantation crops together contribute around 14 per cent of the tradable value.
During the course of this study and survey many unique bio-resources have been identified. For
example, makhna (Euryale ferox), behi, timbur, titepati (Artemisia vulgaris), gundlu, khero, khori
etc. are found in few districts of West Bengal. Details of these resources have been covered in
the relevant sections under vegetables and fruits.
3.2 Vegetables West Bengal is the largest producer of vegetables in the country. It produces about 27,033.25
thousand tonnes of vegetables per annum17. The state is the leading producer of cauliflower
(Brassica oleracea botrytus) with 23.6 per cent of the country’s total production; brinjal or
aubergines (Solanum melongena), with 22 per cent of the country’s total production; cabbage
(Brassica oleracea capitata) with 25 per cent of the country’s total production and is also the
second largest producer of potato (Solanum tuberosum) with an average annual output of 11.6
million tonnes, which is 25.5 per cent of total production of the country18. It also produces
significant quantities of other traditional vegetables like tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum),
cucurbits (includes pumpkin, bottle gourd, cucumber etc.) and okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
and non-traditional vegetables like broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica), gherkins (Cucumis
sativus), baby corn, Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera), celery (Apium
graveolens) etc. In terms of tradable value, the share of vegetables stands at 71.74 per cent of
17
Based on 2012-13 data from Directorate of Horticulture, Government of West Bengal, market survey and district horticulture data 18
Data from Ministry of Food Processing, Government of India
38
total tradable value of horticultural crops in the state19.Favourable agro-climatic conditions,
fertile soil and low cost of cultivation are identified as the growth incentives in the sector.
3.2.1 Trade Data of Major Vegetables in West Bengal
Production and value of major vegetables during 2012-13 are reported in Table 3.2 below.
Table 3.2- Estimated Volume and Tradable Value of Major Vegetables
Sl. No. Name of the Vegetables
Production in '000 MT
Market Rate (Rs/kg)
Total Tradable Value (in Rs. crore)
1. Potato20 11620.65 10-25 15,106.8
2. Brinjal 2965.60 18-40 6,524.3
3. Cauliflower 1863.00 25-50 5589.0
4. Cabbage 2179.20 10-30 4,358.4
5. Cucurbits 2177.70 16-40 4,355.4
6. Okra 869.10 15 -40 2,172.8
7. Radish 496.20 16-40 992.4
8. Onion 309.10 20-60 927.3
9. Taro 344.57 20-40 861.4
10. Beans 126.80 20-50 380.4
11. Sweet potato 236.10 20-40 590.3
12. Arum 216.67 20-40 541.7
13. Peas 132.11 20-100 396.3
14. Tomato 1125.60 20-40 3,376.8
15. Others 600.27 10-30 1,200.5
Total 25262.67 - 47,373.8
Source: Data from Directorate of Horticulture, Govt of West Bengal, market survey, district horticulture office
Thus, in terms of tradable value, potato is the highest among all vegetables at 32 per cent;
followed by 14 per cent of brinjal, 12 percent of cauliflower, 9 per cent of cabbage and another
9 per cent of vegetables belonging to cucurbit family. A wide range of vegetables within the
cucurbit family like kumro or pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), lau or bottle gourd (Lagenaria
siceraria), chal kumra or ash gourd (Benincasa hispida), potol (Trichosanthes dioica), jhinge
(Luffa acutangula), chichinga or snake gourd (Trichosanthes cucumerina), uchhe/karala or bitter
gourd (Momordica charantia), sheem or lablab beans (Lablab purpureus), kankrole or ghee
karala (Momordica dioica), kundri (Coccinia grandis) are grown widely in the state. Cucumber
(Cucumis sativus) of the same family is mostly used as salad. Other common vegetables of the
state are okra or dhyardos (Abelmoschus ficulneus), mulo or radish (Raphanus sativus), different
varieties of yam (genus Dioscorea). Comparing available data on production of major vegetables
in West Bengal during 2012-13 (as presented in Table 3.2), it can be observed that the highest
19
Based on 2012-13 data from Directorate of Horticulture, Government of West Bengal, market survey, district horticulture data 20
Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India
39
contributions have been from potato (43 per cent), brinjal (10.97 per cent) and cabbage (8.1
per cent), while the lowest contribution has been from beans (0.46 per cent).
Chart 3.2 below shows the production volume and traded quantity of important vegetables in
the state.
Chart-3.2: Rate, Production Volume and Tradable Amount of Vegetables of West Bengal
Total Tradable Value (in Rs. crore) vs. Unit Rate (Rs/kg)
(Colour indicates the name of the vegetable. Size shows production in ‘000 MT. Marks are labelled by production
in ‘000 tonne)
Apart from common brinjal, a few other varieties of brinjal are cultivated in different districts of
West Bengal. They are bigor, jhumko, kaste, muktakeshi and be (a type of wild brinjal found in
Darjeeling). Jhumko and kaste brinjals are predominantly cultivated in Coochbehar. Bigor
brinjal, which is quite large in size is mainly cultivated in North and South Dinajpur and is the
best quality of exported brinjal. Cultivation of muktakeshi brinjal is reported to be declining. In
addition to common cabbage, Chinese cabbage and red cabbage are cultivated in North 24
Parganas and Hooghly.
Varieties of potatoes that are produced in large quantities are common potato, chipsona,
Atlantic and shimlai. Contract farming of potato is being done at Hooghly and Burdwan districts.
Pepsico’s Frito Lays’ India, Gee Pee Food Products and Pailan Food Products are a few large
40
players in contract farming of potato in West Bengal. It is reported that Pepsico covered a total
acreage of 2,600 acre in the year 2009 and the farmers earn profit between Rs. 25,000 – 40,000
per acre21. In Hooghly district 4,312 tonne potato is cultivated through contract farming; which
is only 0.3 per cent of total potato production of Hooghly. Total tradable value of potato,
cultivated through contract farming in Hooghly stands at Rs. 5.61 crores.
Different types of kachu or taro roots (Colocasia esculenta), such as common taro, suji taro,
shola taro and panchamukhi taro are found in West Bengal. The last type is predominantly
cultivated in Jalpaiguri.
Vegetable market at Gadamara
A visit to Gadamara vegetable market by
the research team and interaction with
the representatives of Traders’
Association provided with valuable
information about vegetable trade in
North 24 Parganas and adjoining Nadia
districts. Cabbage, brinjal, tomato,
beetroot, potato are mostly traded
here. Vegetables in this market come
from Nadia and adjoining districts.
Vegetables are exported to other
districts of West Bengal as well as to
Delhi and urban centres of other states. There are 400 traders in Gadamara market. Total
tradable value is of Rs. 24 lakh per week. Hence, about Rs. 12 crore of trade takes place
annually in this market.
3.2.2 Other Vegetables
Group discussions and interactions with the horticultural officers, growers and traders at the
district level highlighted many lesser known and minor vegetable produces of West Bengal and
helped in identification of the same. Visits to markets and haats have also shown that the state
has rich resources of many types of leafy vegetables. The varieties of vegetables produced in
any district may be seen from the list of vegetables, may be seen from the list of vegetables
produced in Darjeeling mentioned in Annexure 3.1
21
http://www.pepsicoindia.co.in/media/Press-Releases/release_03_23_10.aspx
Gadamara Vegetable Market in N. 24 Parganas
41
Vegetable market (Sabjimandi) at Purulia (left) and trading of vegetables at Koley market
Vegetable markets at Sibaichandi (left) and Sheorafuli of Hooghly
The state produces wide types of leafy vegetables, such as palang or spinach (Spinacia
oleracea), vine spinach (Basella alba) also known as puin shaak, various types of note
shaak (Amaranthus), water spinach or kalmi shaak (Ipomoea aquatica), betua
(Chenopodium album L.), Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), gime, hinche (Enhydra fluctuans),
kulekhara (Hygrophila spinosa), lettuce (Lactuca sativa), fenugreek or methi (Trigonella
foenum-graecum) and sushni (Oxalis sp.). Most of these leafy vegetables are cultivated
in almost all the districts in varying quantities. Burdwan, West Medinipur, Hooghly, East
Medinipur, Nadia and North 24 Parganas are the major producers of such vegetables.
All these leafy vegetables have many medicinal properties. So, these are used for
culinary purpose as well as for medicinal properties to make Ayurvedic medicines. In
East Medinipur total tradable value of Oxalis is of Rs. 2 lakh and thankuni (Centella
asiatica) is of Rs. 0.9 lakh.
300 tonne seeds of Amaranthus is cultivated through contract farming in Tehatta I and II
blocks of Nadia district of value Rs. 2.4 crore. Oxalis is cultivated in Chapra block of
Nadia district, production volume of which is 6 tonne amounting to a trade value of Rs.
4.8 lakh.
42
Dhenki shaak (Diplazium esculentum),
Watercress or simrai (Nasturtium officinale)
and tamarke (Stephania glabra) are
predominantly cultivated in Darjeeling District.
Tamarke is consumed raw as well as used in
medicines; tender herbs of Tamarke are used as
leafy vegetable. Timbur is processed to make
essence for pickles.22
Other minor vegetables that are cultivated in West Bengal are discussed below.
Broccoli, green capsicum and coloured capsicum or Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) are
predominantly cultivated in Hooghly.
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) is cultivated in North
24 Parganas, West Medinipur and the Laalmati region of
Purulia. In Birbhum, Asparagus grows in wild naturally.
The climatic condition of Coochbehar is favourable for
the production of choi and machalu (type of potato).
Stem of ‘choi’ plant is used in curry; it also has medicinal
properties. It is a twining plant mostly found in the
wild23.
Chubrialu, a type of potato (Dioscorea bulbifera) is
mostly cultivated in East Medinipur.
Dhokra is a local vegetable that is found within the
boundary of North Dinajpur.
Cherry tomato is cultivated in Hooghly and North 24
Parganas.
Elephant apple or chalta (Dillenia indica), olive (Olea europaea) and rose apple
(Syzygium jambos) are predominantly cultivated in many districts including Jalpaiguri
and North 24 Parganas. In North 24 Parganas, 10 MT elephant apple is produced per
year and its tradable amount is Rs. 1.8 lakh. Production volume of olive in North 24
Parganas is 15 MT and tradable amount is Rs. 1.35 lakh per annum.
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is another minor vegetable that is reported from North 24
Parganas. Its stem is cut into pieces and sold in market as vegetable.24
Squash (Cucurbita pepo) is cultivated widely in Darjeeling and to some extent in the
foothills of Alipurduar district.
22
Information from Dr. Debrata Das, Assistant Professor, Darjeeling Govt. College 23
Information and photograph by Mr Saroj Kumar Panchanan of Tujangunj Bio-diversity Management Committee 24
Communication. ChittaranjanMallik, Gaighata, North 24 Parganas
Choi climbing a mango tree
Tamarke (Stephania glabra)
43
Red Round Chili, locally known as ‘Dallekhursani’, is a major vegetable of Darjeeling
district. This is used to make pickle and dalle paste.
A number of local foods are made from different vegetables in Darjeeling district, such
as gundruk (Fermented dry food, prepared from radish leaves and spinach), sinki
(Fermented dry food, prepared from radish and mixed pickle prepared from
radish/carrot/ginger).
Other vegetables that are cultivated in good quantity are drum stick (Moringa oleifera),
carrot (Daucus carota) and beetroot (Beta vulgaris). Fruits like fig (Ficus carica) and
chalta are also cooked as vegetable.
The list of vegetables that are cultivated in West Bengal is shown in Annexure 3.2 .
3.2.3 Export of vegetables
There are 12 traders belonging to Vegetable Export Association, who export fruits and
vegetables to Europe and Middle-East from West Bengal. London and Dubai are the two major
hubs where most of the fruits and vegetables are being exported. The total annual tradable
volume is 33.20 lakh kg estimated to 33.20 Lakh kgs, the value of which is estimated at Rs 40
crore. This is primarily sent through air route. The horticulture items for export include - snake
gourd, point gourd, spiny gourd, betel leaf, raw banana, bottle gourd, wax gourd, lablab beans,
jackfruit, sponge gourd, green chilli, green oapaya and guava. These bio-resources are mainly
sourced from the districts of North 24 Parganas, Burdwan and Hooghly25.
3.3 Fruits West Bengal is one of the leading producers of a wide range of fruits in the country. The state is
the seventh largest producer of fruits in India by producing 3.4 million tonnes of fruits26.Out of
a variety of fruits that are produced in this state, the principal fruits are banana, mango
(Mangifera indica), papaya (Carica papaya), pineapple (Ananas comosus), watermelon (Citrullus
lanatus) and jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus). These six fruits contribute to almost 84.6 per
cent of total fruit production in the state27. Other important fruits are guava (Psidium guajava),
mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata) and sapota (Manilkara zapota), locally known as safeda or
sabeda. The state is the largest producer of pineapple and second largest producer of litchi
(Litchi chinensis). West Bengal is also the ideal destination for pineapple processing units. The
state accounts for 23 per cent of national pineapple production28. Considering the soil and
climatic conditions, the area under minor fruits in the state is increasing. Sapota is grown in
Jaoynagar, Nimpeeth areas of South 24 Parganas. Some other fruits like tamarind (Tamarindus
indica), which grows widely in south Bengal, sweet lime (Citrus limetta) and pomegranate
25
Communication: Mr. Mrinal Sinha of DMR Agro Fresh (P) Ltd 26
Based on 2012-13 data from Directorate of Horticulture, Government of West Bengal, market survey, district horticulture data 27 Based on report received from Directorate of Horticulture, Govt. of West Bengal 28
Ministry of Food Processing Industries, GOI
44
(Punica granatum) have very good potential to be grown in the western part of the state. The
list of fruits is given as Annexure 3.3.
3.3.1 Trade Data of Major Fruits in West Bengal
Table 3.3 presents data on major fruits grown in West Bengal, its volume and tradable value.
Table 3.3 - Estimated volume and trade data of Major Fruits – 2012-13
Sl. No.
Name of the Fruits Production in '000 MT Rate (Rs/kg) Tradable Value
(Rs. crore)
1. Mango 735.00 40-60 2,940.0
2. Banana 1077.80 12 to 18 1,616.7
3. Pineapple 310.00 25 to 35 930.0
4. Papaya 331.00 40-60 1,655.0
5. Guava 184.00 40-50 828.0
6. Jackfruit 193.50 20-40 580.5
7. Litchi 90.00 60-150 720.0
8. Orange 38.30 15 to 25 76.6
9. Other Citrus 71.10 40 to 60 355.5
10. Sapota 44.80 20-40 134.4
11. Watermelon 233.50 10-20 700.5
12. Temperate Fruits 30.35 40 to 70 151.8
13. Misc. Fruits 66.65 40 to 60 299.9
Total 3406.00 - 10,988.9
Source: Based on 2012-13 data from Directorate of Horticulture, Government of West Bengal, market survey, district horticulture data
Comparing available data on production of major fruit crops in West Bengal during 2012-13 (as
shown in Table 3.3), it can be observed that the higher contributions in quantity of fruits
production in the state have been from banana (31.64 per cent), mango (21.57 per cent),
papaya (9.71 per cent) and pineapple (9.1 per cent), while the lowest contribution among the
common fruits has been from mandarin orange (0.89 per cent).
In terms of trade value, mango is the highest among fruits with a valuation of Rs. 2,940 crores
of trade. Varieties of mangoes that are produced in large quantities are: Himsagar,
Laxmanbhog, Gulabkhas, Langra, Amrapali, Fazli, Aswina, Gopalbhog and Rani Pasand29.
Himsagar, Laxmanbhog and Fazli mangoes are GI tagged. Cultivation of Alfonso mangoes is
being introduced on banks of Dwarakeswar river, Ranibandh of Bankura30. Mallika is another
29
Food Processing Industries Survey, West Bengal 30
Communication. Ms. Sonali Bhattacharya, Official from Horticulture Department, Bankura.
45
variety which is being introduced in various places. Production of special varieties like Kohitur
of Murshidabad has decreased drastically over the years due to low productivity and greater
care required.
Major varieties of banana that are cultivated in West Bengal are: champa, malbhog (found in
Coochbehar, Jalpaiguri, North Dinajpur and South Dinajpur), G9 variety (cultivated mostly in
Murshidabad), kanthali, singapuri and manik-kola (produced in North Dinajpur and South
Dinajpur).
Orange is cultivated in Darjeeling and in the northern parts of Alipurduar and Jalpaiguri districts
bordering Bhutan and Bankura (Khatra Sub Division, Saltora, Chhatna, Bankura-I). Quality of
Darjeeling orange is much superior in taste but has lower shelf-life. Other citrus fruits produced
in the state include lemon (Citrus limon), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) etc.
Rate, Production Volume and Tradable Amount of Fruits of West Bengal have been presented
in Chart 3.3
Chart 3.3: Total Tradable Value (in Rs. crore) vs. Unit Rate (Rs. per kg)
(Colour shows the name of the vegetable. Size shows production in ‘000 MT. Marks are labeled by production in
‘000 MT)
Guava produced in West Bengal is consumed in the state and also distributed through market
channels to Bihar, Odisha, Delhi, Jharkhand and Madhya Pradesh.
46
Pomelain (used for losing weight) is extracted from Pineapple and the same is being done in a
limited manner.
Fruit market at Baruipur
A visit to Baruipur fruit market and interaction with the representatives of Farmers’ Association
provided the study team with valuable information about fruit trade in Baruipur and adjoining
areas of South 24 Parganas district
Primarily Guava, Litchi, Banana and Cucumber are
traded from here.
Guavas are packed in 15 kg or 30 kg cartons. During
the peak trading season (which lasts for 3 months
during Monsoon) 70-80 trucks of Guava are
exported to Delhi, Bihar, and Jharkhand. Total
exported amount is 160 MT of Guava, accounting for about Rs. 60 Lakhs.
Rose berry (golap jam) is cultivated in Loket, Baruipur and Khodarbazaar.
Rose apple (jamrul), Sapota and Water Chestnut (paaniphal) are also sold here by local
farmers and sent to Kolkata and outside the state for trade.
Fruits like orange, pomegranate etc. are brought in from Mechhuabazar, Kolkata for selling
in this market by traders.
3.3.2 Products from Date Palm and Palmyra Palm
Date Palm Juice: Date palm (khejur) trees are found in abundance particularly in the districts of
Bankura, North 24 Parganas, Nadia and South 24
Parganas. The blocks where date palm juice is
mostly produced are Simlapal, Raipur, Sarenga,
Ranibandh, Khatra, Taldangra, Indpur, Onda and
Gangajaldhati blocks of Bankura; Hura, Puncha,
Raghunathpur I & II, Neturia, Santuri and
Manbazar II blocks of Purulia; and Bangaon,
Bagda, Swarupnagar, Baduria, Deganga of North
24 Parganas. The sap is extracted from the tree
during winter months by cutting a portion of the
bark near the top of the tree, which is done by
traditional professionals, known as Shiuli or Gachhi, who cuts the tree and hang an earthen pot
there to collect the sap. The trees are tapped just before dusk and the pot containing
transparent juice is taken out in the early morning before fermentation starts. There are people
who take lease of around 300 to 500 trees in a compact area called Mahal and the juice
collected from all trees is brought for making jaggery. The juice is very refreshing before
Trading of guava in Baruipur market
Production of khejur gur
47
fermentation and is also consumed directly. It is also used to some extent as liquor, known as
tadi, by allowing the same to ferment. The juice collected is mostly converted to jaggery
through heating till it becomes thick and of burgundy colour. The jaggery, also known as gur is
sold in liquid form known as nolen gur or is allowed to solidify which is known as patali. The
flavor of the jaggery is very refreshing and is an integral part of Bengali culinary, particularly for
preparing desserts and sweetmeat items during the winter months.
Production of jaggery from one tree varies from 120 to 250 kg of sap per annum and the yield
of jaggery varies from 12 kg to 30 kg31. Total production of jaggery from date juice in the state
has been estimated to be around 5000 MT32. The price varies from Rs. 250 to Rs. 150 and total
tradable value per annum is estimated at around Rs. 100 crore.
The sap of palmyra palm (taal) tree is normally converted to tadi by fermenting the same. Tadi
can be sold only by lincesed vendors of the Excise department. According to report of Excise
department, there are 148 sites (licensee) for selling tadi in West Bengal. Average consumption
of Tadi is 30-40 thousand litres annually. With a rate Rs 12.5/litre total annual turnover of tadi
is estimated to be Rs 4.5 crore. This excludes illegal manufacturing of tadi which is consumed
locally and is very difficult to estimate.
3.3.3 Other Fruits
While making an attempt to assess the production of minor horticultural crops in the districts,
this study has been, to some extent, constrained by scattered availability of data due to
seasonality. However attempts were made to create an inventory of District-specific
horticultural crops which were identified during the group-discussions with the Horticultural
officers and traders at the district-level. Most of these fruits are grown in many districts but
only those districts have been mentioned where these are grown more.
Wood apple or bael (Limonia acidissima) grows predominantly in the districts of
Bankura, Purulia, West Medinipur, Birbhum, Hooghly and Burdwan. Morobba (made of
bael) is being processed in Birbhum.
Blackberry or jaam (Syzygium cumini) is cultivated in almost all the districts of South
Bengal with predominance in Purulia.
31 It may be interesting to know that the highest production of 37.3 kg pf jiggery per tree has been recorded
in Jessore district of Bangladesh in the year 1877, Source: http://www.palm-sugar.org/
32The estimate has been made with help of District Officers KVIB of Bankura, Purulia, North & South 24 Parganas and own survey by the study team in other districts.
48
Fishtail palm or chao (Caryota urens) is predominantly cultivated in Coochbehar. It is
used as replacement of Arecanut. Also used as dry
decorative.
Water chestnut or paanifal (Eleocharis dulcis) is
found in fresh water lakes of Howrah, North 24
Parganas, Hooghly and Nadia. Production volume of
water chestnut in North 24 Parganas is 200 MT and
tradable value is Rs. 18 Lakhs per annum.
Custard apple (Annona reticulate) is found
predominantly in Purulia, Bankura and West
Medinipur.
High volume of Date Palm fruit or desi khejur (Phoenix dactylifera) is found in Bankura,
West Medinipur and Birbhum and traded in different markets. It is also found in
Bankura, West Medinipur and South 24 Parganas but the volume or tradable value
could not be estimated as it is not yet cultivated in a systematic manner.
Dragon fruit (Hylocereus undatus) is a
comparatively newer fruit in this state and is
cultivated in Birbhum and Jalpaiguri.
Four types of Jujube, known as kool,(Ziziphus
jujube) are cultivated in West Bengal: apple
jujube and bao jujube is cultivated in Hooghly
and Purulia; boroi jujube in Alipurduar and
Coochbehar and Thailand jujube in Nadia.
However, the traditional jujube grows in
almost all the South Bengal districts.
Karonjo (Pongamia pinnata) is found in wild in Alipurduar. Oil is extracted from karonjo
seeds.
Bengal currant or karamcha (Carissa carandas) is predominantly found in South and
North 24 Parganas. Annually 5 MT Bengal currant is produced in North 24 Parganas
accounting for trade of Rs. 0.9 lakh.
Kaulo/ fampal (Wild Avocado) [cultivated variety of kaulo is butterfruit], Lapsi, Betgera
(palm fruit), Mallero, Omola, passion fruit (Passiflora edulis), peach (Prunus persica),
pear (Pyrus boissieriana), plum (Prunus cultivar), kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa), behi, timbur
(Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) are exclusively found in Darjeeling33.
33
Report received from T. R. Rai, Asst. Director of Agriculture (P. P), Darjeeling.
Market of Jujube at Moinabari, Alipurduar
Timbur (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium)
49
Pondiaspurpurea var. lutea (amra) grows in entire south Bengal and is predominantly
cultivated in North 24 Parganas. Its production volume in this district is 30 MT annually
and tradable amount is Rs. 2.7 lakh.
Latkan is cultivated in Coochbehar and Jalpaiguri.
Kodal fruit, which is found in Siliguri, is used in decorative items.
Kekole is cultivated in Burdwan and Nadia. Kekole is a small fruit that looks like lemon.
Price of Kekole fruit is Rs. 200-250/kg.
Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) is cultivated in Nadia.
Paniala (Flacourtia cataphracta) is predominantly found at Coochbehar. The fruit is
eaten both raw and processed as jam, and the bark is sometimes used for medicinal
purpose.
Kamranga (Averrhoea carambola) is cultivated in South Bengal districts. Total
production volume of Carambola in North 24 Parganas is 10 MT and tradable amount is
Rs. 1.8 lakh.
Lakucha (Artocarpus lacucha) is predominantly found in North 24 Parganas. Total 8 MT
lakucha is cultivated in this district and tradable amount is Rs. 0.72 Lakh.
Other major fruits are Indian Gooseberry (Amlaor amloki), tamarind, longan or
aanshphal (Dimocarpus longan), date palm and taal (palmyra palm). The sugary sap of
palmyra palm is fermented into tady and is consumed as liquor in rural areas.
Aquaponic crop cultivation (fruits cultivated in water) is being experimented in Burdwan
district.
Boinchi grows in bush in the western parts of the state, which is dwindling and is hardly
available now.
3.4 Flowers West Bengal enjoys favourable agro-climatic conditions and abundant water supply to grow a
variety of high-value, exotic flowers. Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa), Rose (Rosa sp. L.),
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum), Gladiolus (Gladiolus communis), Marigold
(Calendula officinalis), Jasmine (Jasminum sambac), Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Gerbera
(Gerbera jamesonii), Gypsophila (Gypsophila sp.), Balsam (Abies balsamea), China rose
(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), Cosmos (Cosmos sp.), Orchid, Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) and Lily
(Lilium candidum) are some of the major ornamental flowers grown in the state. Darjeeling has
a pioneering role in the development of floriculture in the state.
3.4.1 Data of Flowers in West Bengal
For proper assessment of tradable flowers of West Bengal those have been categorized in three
groups: Cut Flowers, Pot Flowers and Ornamental Foliage. The production data of major cut
flowers has been captured. But total volume of Pot flowers and Ornamental foliage production
is hard to assess as these are cultured and sold mostly through private nurseries, which are
50
widely scattered except the Bisnupur belt of South 24 Parganas and Rajarhaat of North 24
Parganas. Large flower markets were visited to capture the price range of cut flowers based on
availability and seasonality. Production, price range and tradable value of major cut flowers are
given in the following Table 3.4.
Table 3.4- Estimated volume and trade data of Cut Flowers– 2012-13
Sl.
No.
Name of the
Flowers
Cut Flower (Production
in crore Sticks) Rate
Total Tradable
Amount (in Rs crore)
1 Rose 79.37 Rs. 10-20 per stick 1,191
2 Chrysanthemum 13.36 Rs. 70 per 10 piece 94
3 Gladiolus 39.70 Rs. 60 per 12 piece 199
4 Tuberose 121.87 Rs. 2.5 per Spike 305
Total 254.30 - 1,789
Sl.
No.
Name of the
Flowers
Loose Flower
(Production
in '000 MT)
Rate
(Rs. per kg)
Total Tradable
Amount (in Rs.
crore)
5 Marigold 53.42 100 534.2
6 Jasmine 0.63 45 3.0
7 Seasonal flowers 7.83 200 157.0
8 Misc. Flowers 3.36 100 33.6
Total 65.24 - 727.8
Source: Based on 2012-13 data from Directorate of Horticulture, Government of West Bengal, market survey,
district horticulture data
3.4.2 Flower Market at Mallickghat
The flower market of Mallickghat trades different varieties of flowers coming from mainly East
Medinipur, Nadia, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly. The price fluctuation is so drastic that it is
very difficult to estimate an average. Multiple factors such as status of transport, climatic
conditions and religious rituals, festivals etc. have a strong influence on the price. The
commonly traded flowers in this market are Marigold, Chrysanthemum, China Rose, Rose, Bael
etc. Other big flower market is Deuli haat near Kolaghat of East Medinipur.
51
Marigold garland being sold at Mallikghat Trading of flower in Mallikghat market
3.4.3 Other Flowers
Other flowers that are cultivated in lesser quantity but have considerable economic value are
dmentioned below:
Dicentra, Rhododendron (Rhododendron ferrugineum), Orchids and Cacti are cultivated
in Darjeeling for ornamental purpose. Fruit and rhizome of Dicentra plant are exported
to Kathmandu as these are used in heart ailment.
Totolakaphul is also found in Darjeeling.
Gandhokalas, Rakto-dron (Leonurus civiricus) and Shwet-dron (Lucus aspera) are found
in Siliguri.
Amola is predominantly grown at Alipurduar. It is used in flower bouquet.
Karan, a small size flower that is grown in Panshkura of East Medinipur, and exported to
Bangalore through Mallickghat.
Sattu is produced from Dhemsi flower that is cultivated in Krantihat, Malbazaarof
Jalpaiguri. Dhemsi is cultivated on plane land, and it looks like mustard. Khoi is also
produced from it at Rabi season. Dhemsi is black in colour. The whitish portion is sold
and eaten during fast.
Water lily or shapla (Nymphia sp.), shurimala/kanaidinga are predominantly found in
Coochbehar. Shurimala is used in jaundice, and also used as decorative; colour is
produced from its petals. Fried seed of of shapla is known as ‘Dyaper Khoi’ in Jalpaiguri
and is eaten.
3.4.4 Pot Flower
Number of nurseries for flowering pots and foliage is growing in this state and some of the
areas are developing as centres for producing plot flowers. The largest such concentration is
some of the blocks of South 24 Parganas, particularly Budge Budge II Bisnupur II, Falta and
Bisnupur I blocks. Pot flowers are exported out of the state as well as to outside the country. It
has been difficult to assess the actual amount of export of pot flowers by gathering information
52
from so many nurseries. Number of nurseries and annual turnover of business of pot flower is
shown in Table 3.534.
Table 3.5: Number of nurseries and their annual turnover of different blocks of South 24 Parganas
Sl. No. Name of the Block No. of Nurseries Annual Turnover (Rs. Crore)
1 Budge Budge II 1,500 100.00
2 Bisnupur II 1,200 60.00
3 Falta 400 10.00
4 Bisnupur I 75 0.80
Total 3,175 170.80
Thus, total traded value of flowers of all types – cut flower, lose flower and pot flower works
out to be Rs 898.6 crore per annum.
Ornamental Pot Flower in Bisnupur (ready for export)
3.5 Spices Climatic conditions of West Bengal is found to be suitable for cultivation of many spices, though
both in terms of area and production, spices have much lower contribution than that of fruits
and vegetables. Red pepper (Capsicum frutescens), ginger (Zingiber officinale), turmeric
(Curcuma longa), coriander (Coriandrum sativum), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum),
black cumin (Nigella sativa), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), black pepper (Piper nigrum), garlic
(Allium sativum), large cardamom (Amomum subulatum) and radhuni (Trachyspermum
roxburghianum) are the spices grown in different districts of West Bengal based on climatic
preferences suitable for their respective cultivation.
34
Information and photographs provided by Dy Director of Horticulture, South 24 Parganas.
53
3.5.1 Data of Spices in West Bengal
Data of major spices are presented in the Table-3.5.
Table 3.5- Estimated volume and trade data of Spices – 2012-13
Sl. No. Name of the Spice Production in '000 MT
Rate (Rs/kg) Total Tradable Amount (in Rs. crore)
1. Red Pepper 97.50 120 1,170.0 2. Ginger (Fresh ) 125.28 50-80 814.3 3. Turmeric (Dry ) 39.40 100 394.0 4. Fenugreek 2.65 80-100 23.9 5. Black Cumin 1.51 120 18.0 6. Fennel 1.03 140-150 15.0 7. Black Pepper 0.06 850-1050 5.0 8. Garlic 34.14 80-90 290.0 9. Coriander 14.69 140-150 213.0
10. Large Cardamom 0.72 300 22.0 11. Radhuni 1.59 120-140 21.0
Total 318.56 - 2,986.2 Source: Based on 2012-13 data from Directorate of Horticulture, Government of West Bengal, market survey, district horticulture data
In terms of tradable value, red pepper has the highest shareof 39 percentamong all spices. It is
followed by ginger fresh (27.3 per cent), turmeric (13 per cent) and garlic (10 per cent). Rate,
production volume and tradable amount of spices of the state have been presented in Chart 3.5
below.
Chart-3.5: Unit rate (Rs. Per kg) vs. Total Tradable Value (in Rs. crore)
Colour shows the name of the vegetable. Size shows production in ‘000 MT. Marks are labeled by production in
‘000 MT
3.5.2 Other Spices
Few other spices that are cultivated here are:
54
Kachur and Curry leaves (Murraya koenigii) at Alipurduar. Kachur looks like Ginger and it
is also used as perfume.
Bay leaves (Cinnamomum tamala) at Jalpaiguri, North Dinajpur and South Dinajpur.
0.76 MT of jowan (Trachyspermum ammi) is produced in East Medinipur. Price of Jowan
being Rs. 80 per kg and the tradable value in the district comes to about Rs. 61,000.
Chandani is another spice that is also cultivated in East Medinipur. Production volume of
Chandani in the district is 0.66 MT; and tradable amount is Rs. 46,200.
Gondri seed, used as spice, is grown on the fields of East Medinipur after the paddy are
cut during the summer.
According to Regional Office of Spice-Board, favourable climatic and soil composition helps in
producing the best quality of large cardamom in Darjeeling district and black pepper in the
districts of Jalpaiguri, Alipurduar and Coochbihar.
3.6 Plantation Crops (other than tea) Common plantation crops of West Bengal are: betel leaves, areca nut, coconut and cashew nut
etc. Total value of annual production of these crops in the state is Rs. 4199.32 crore and the
details are shown in Table 3.6.
Table 3.6 - Estimated volume and trade data of Plantation Crops – 2012-13
Sl.
No.
Name of the
Plantation Crops Production in '000 MT Rate
Total Tradable Amount
(in Rs crore)
1. Betel leaves 150.00 (lakh motes*) Rs. 2,000 per Mote 3000.00
2. Arecanut 21.89 Rs 200 to Rs 300/ kg 547.25
3. Coconut 3693.81 (lakh nuts) Rs. 15/ piece 554.07
4. Cashewnut 10.842 Rs. 90/kg 98.00
Total 4199.32
*Mote is a bundle
Source: Based on 2012-13 data from Directorate of Horticulture, Government of West Bengal, market survey,
district horticulture data
Betel leaves (Piper betle) are predominantly grown in East Medinipur, West Medinipur, Nadia,
Howrah, South 24 Parganas, Alipurduar and North Dinajpur. Based on quality, shape and taste,
there are different types of Betel leaves like mithe, sachi, aaymal, kalimal, batul etc. Organic
paan lasts more and commands higher price. Betel leaves are cultivated in 6,175 hectare in East
Medinipur district and 56 lakh Motes of leaves are grown annually in that district. Total
production of West Medinipur is 19.34 lakh Motes in 2,052 Hectare area. Price varies from
1,500 to 10,000 per mote based on quality, and durability (i.e. for how many days the leaves
stay fresh). Estimated tradable value of betel leaves in West Bengal is Rs. 3,000 crores. Bamboo
55
baskets are used as container (dabla) for packing betel leaves, which results in good demand of
basket made out of bamboo another common bio-resource of the state.
Arecanut (Areca catechu) grows mostly in the districts of North Bengal, particularly Jalpaiguri,
Alipurduar and Coochbehar districts. These are exported to mostly north Indian states for
preparing pan-masala or sold to wholesalers for supply to markets and paan shops for
consumption as ingredient for chewing paan (betel leaves).
Coconut (Cocos nucifera) grows mostly in the coastal districts of East Medinipur, South 24
Parganas as well as in Howrah, Hooghly and North
24 Parganas. A substantial part is consumed as
tender coconut for drinking purposes and rest are
sold as nuts for manufacturing oil or direct
consumption
Coconut market at Sankrail:
In the district of Howrah, Sankrail is a hub of
Coconut trading. A visit to one of the ‘Gola’
(traditional name for Coconut dealer shop) of
Cocoanut revealed the following trading
information. Buying price of coconut is Rs. 10 plus
tax per piece and sold at Rs. 15 per piece. Annual tradable amount is Rs. 2 lakh for each Gola.
Currently there are four golas in Sankrail. Due to the burden of taxes, the trade is on decline.
Earlier there were twelve golas that has come down to four. Due to this tax addition and higher
price of Bengal Coconut, the Bengal Coconut traders are gradually losing market to other states.
Cashewnut (Anacardium occidental) grows in the coastal areas of East Medinipur, mostly in
Contai sub-division and in the forest areas of West Medinipur, Bankura and Purulia. The quality
of cashew nuts is not very good and the same is mostly sold in the local market. Processing of
cashew takes place mostly in the Contai sub-division of East Medinipur.
3.7 Bamboo (Bambuseae dendrocalmus) Bamboo is grown in every district of West Bengal and has versatile uses like building material,
producing various implements and utilities, manufacturing paper pulp. Pickled or stewed
bamboo shoots are edible and are regarded as delicacies. 30 different species of bamboo is
grown to grow in different agro-climatic zone of the state (Biswas S.). There are some special
varieties of bamboo such as coloured bamboo which is found in Alipuduar district. It is grown in
forest as well as in and around the villages. Total forest area where bamboo is grown is
estimated to be 164 sq km (Chakraborty, 1988). There is little commercial cultivation of
Coconuts are being traded at College Street, Kolkata
56
bamboo in the state35. It is difficult to find data on production and trade of bamboo. Based on
market survey of the study team, tradable value of bamboo in the state is estimated to be
around Rs. 25 crores per annum.
Bamboo basket is an important product for day to day use for various purposes. In Chak-bazaar
(Bankura) market visit it was observed that Bamboo baskets were traded at a rate of Rs.
25/piece in quite a few number of shops. There are 23 working units in Kenjakura supplying
such baskets.
3.8 Broom Stick and Mat Stick There are horticultural bio-resources in West Bengal like broom stick and mat stick, which are
exclusively found in few districts.
3.8.1 Broom Stick
Broom Stick (locally known as Kuchu/kuche) is another
important horticultural commodity that is grown in the
wild in the districts of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri. The
study team visited Broomstick Merchants Association in
Darjeeling District located at Siliguri. The association has
about 50 members. They procure raw material from
Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts. Some materialsare
also sourced from Sikkim and North-East. January to
March is the season of flowering. 1 kg raw broom gives
650 gm of final dried broom. Therefore, almost 30-35 per cent goes during drying. 1 kg
broomstick gives 3 – 4 pieces of brooms. Annually 250-300 trucks are exported and 2 -2.5 tons
broomsticks are loaded per truck. Price of broomsticks is on average Rs. 20/kg in the local
market while it fetches about Rs. 40 – Rs.50 per piece in city markets. Loose broomsticks go to
Delhi, Kolkata and Western part of the country. About 10,000 people are involved in broomstick
growing/drying/making/tying in these districts during the peak season. The remnant after
cutting the tree is used as bio-fuel. The estimated value of trade for broomstick is about Rs. 10
crores per annum.
3.8.2 Mat Stick
Matstick is cultivated in Potashpur block of East Medinipur and Sabong, Pingla, Narayangarh of
Pashchim Medinipur. Total tradable amount of Matstick in East Medinipur is 4,500 bundles, the
tradable value ofwhich is Rs. 75 Lakh per annum.
35
National Bamboo Mission, Annual Monitoring Report 2007-08, accessed from www.westbengalforest.gov.in
Broom sticks cottage units at Siliguri
57
3.9 Aquatic Plants Makhna (Euryale ferox) is grown in marshy
lands and wetlands of Malda and North
Dinajpur. In Malda 10.4 thousands Quintal
Makhna is grown. Total tradable amount of
Makhna is 46.8 Crores. It is exported
mainly to Middle-East.
Hogla (Typha elephantina) grows naturally
in the marshy lands of the state and the
biggest concentration is in and around Uluberia, like Amta and Kulgachhia etc. of Howrah
district and to some extent in the adjoining East Medinipur district. The plant grows to a
height of around 20 ft. The same is harvested around the month of September by cutting
at a point 2 to 3 ft above their root and is bundled for transportation. Such bundle is
called ‘Galda’ and usually weighs around 70 to 80 kg. The Hogla leaves are dried and used
to prepare Chhai by stitching the leaves with rope, which is used mostly for temporary
roofing of make shift houses. Chhai is traded in Nimdighi market near Uluberia and some
of the nearby markets like Bazarpara, Gangarampur and Alpukur etc. There are around
100 big traders and around 1,000 labourers are engaged in stitching and handling of
Chhai. Price of one Chhai varies from Rs 80/ to Rs 200/ depending on the quality. Around
5 lakh Chhai are traded every year and a substantial part of the same is used for
Gangasagar mela. Total value of Chhai traded is around Rs. 8 crore a year.
Shola or pith (Aeschynomene aspera) grows naturally in the marshy land in South
Bengal. It grows predominantly in Burdwan, South 24 Parganas (Mandirbazaar and Kulpi
Blocks), Nayanjali, and East Medinipur (Kolkaghat Block). Production volume of Shola is
3 lakh pieces per month. Total tradable amount is Rs. 1 Crore 10 lakhs per year. Shola
works of Rs. 2.5 to 3 Lakhs are sold in Kumartuli
during Durga puja36. Shola work is done at Habra
(North 24 Parganas), Uluberia (Howrah),
Joynagar (South 24 Parganas), Baharampur
(Murshidabad) and Kumartuli (Kolkata).
Azolla (Azolla sp.) is grown at several districts
including Salanpur and Barakar of Burdwan
district for vermicompost & medicinal purpose.
36
Information received from Mr. Jayanta Sarkar, Jt. Secretary, Traders’ Association, Kumartuli.
Hogla for sale at Uluberia
Shola work of Burdwan
58
3.10 Miscellaneous Mushroom: Edible mushrooms are used extensively in cooking. They are known as the
"meat" of the vegetable world. Edible mushroom is cultivated in indoors under artificial
environment and strict hygiene. Using aerial space, mushroom cultivation multiplies the
cultivable floor and thereby produces highest amount of protein per unit area compared
to any other agricultural or animal resource. The foothills of Himalayas and the hilly
region of Darjeeling are a haven for wild edible and medicinal mushrooms. Key types of
Mushrooms cultivated in West Bengal are as follows: Kurkuri, Oyster, Button, and Paddy
Straw Mushroom. Kurkuri is sold at Rs.100-150/kg and Korom at Rs. 250/kg in Bankura
district. Per day 2,000-3,000 kg Mushroom is cultivated in North Bengal.37 Total annual
production of mushroom in the state is sestimated to be Rs. 15 crore per year.
Khero is an exclusive and popular vegetable of Birbhum. Price of Khero is higher than
bottle gourd (lau).
Khori is grown in fields of betel leaves; predominantly found in Potashpur-1, 2, Moyna,
Sorkathi of East Medinipur. It is used for making baskets. Total tradable volume in East
Medinipur is 100 bundles and total tradable amount in the district is Rs. 0.5 Lakhs.
June grass is cultivated in Egra- I, II, Contai-III, Moyna, Nandakumar, Panshkura, Tamluk
blocks of East Medinipur district. It is used for rope-making. Total production volume is
5000 kg and total tradable amount is Rs. 2 lakh.
West Bengal is a rich hub of many other horticultural bio-resources such as,
Bhagreshishnu (Darjeeling), Gandhokalas (Siliguri), Gherkin (Jalpaiguri), Simaltorul
(Darjeeling), Titepati (Siliguri), Gnuarshuti (Burdwan), Shapne (Hoogly), Gundlu (Purulia).
Kagde (Daphne canabina) is grown in Darjeeling and used for handmade paper.
Total value of all these products per annum is estimated at Rs. 15.03 crore.
Reference:
1. Biswas S. (2004). Bamboo diversity and conservation in India, accessed from
www.biodiversityinternational.org
2. Chakraborty D. (1988). Utilization of bamboo as raw material in the handicraft
industries in Tripura. Indian Forester 114(10): 635-636.
3. Chattopadhyay K.S., Roy D. (2011). Impact study of the National Horticulture Mission
Scheme in West Bengal.
4. Department of Agriculture and Cooperation. (2014). Handbook on horticulture
statistics. Ministry of Agriculture. Government of India.
37
Communication. D.K. Mazumdar of Mushroom Biotech, Jalpaiguri.
59
5. Indian horticulture database. (2012- 13). Directorate of Horticulture, Government of
West Bengal.
6. National Bamboo Mission. (2007- 08). Annual monitoring report, accessed from
www.westbengalforest.gov.in
7. Report of West Bengal state Agriculture Commission. (2009).
8. www.palm-sugar.org
60
CHAPTER IV
SERICULTURE
4.1 An overview of Sericulture in West Bengal
Sericulture is a farm-based, labour intensive and commercially attractive economic activity. It is
particularly suited for rural-based farmers, entrepreneurs and artisans, as it requires low
investment with potential for relatively higher returns. It provides income and employment to
the rural poor especially, farmers with small land-holding and marginalized and weaker sections
of the society. Women have been contributing to all the activities related to sericulture starting
from on-farm activities to reeling and weaving. The involvement of women in different
activities of sericulture is well above 53 percent38 (Gangopadhyay, 2008).
4.2 Present status of Sericulture in West Bengal
West Bengal has the unique distinction of producing all the four varieties of silk produced by
different worms viz., domesticated mulberry silk (Bombyx mori), semi-domesticated Eri silk
(Samia cynthia ricini), wild tasar silk (Antheraea mylitta) and exclusive muga silk (Antheraea
assamensis), the wild golden silk being unique to India. Except mulberry, other varieties of silks
are generally termed as banya silks (wild silks or natural silks). In 2011-12, 7471.76 hectares of
land were available for the production of vanya silk, of which 6320.49 hectares were used for
tasar silk followed by eri (609.97 hectares) and muga silk (541.30 hectares)39.
Silkworms are introduced through DFLs (Disease Free Layings, i.e. a bunch of approximately 500
disease-free silkworm eggs). DFLs are generally provided by the Sericulture Directorate, which
the farmers release in the host trees. In the financial year 2011-12, 472.89 lakh mulberry, 8.74
lakh tasar, 1.61 lakh eri and 0.46 lakh muga DFLs were produced40. Maximum DFLs producing
district was Malda, followed by Murshidabad, Birbhum and Bankura. There are 62 basic seed
farms, 16 egg production centres (grainages) and 59 technical service centers throughout the
state under Directorate of Textiles (Sericulture Division) to serve those engaged in sericulture.
38
Source: Sericulture Industry in India – A review by D Gangopadhyay, 2008 39
Annual Production Return of Sericulture Industry of the Year 2011-12, Directorate of Textiles (Sericulture), Government of West Bengal. 40
Annual Production Return of Sericulture Industry of the Year 2011-12, Directorate of Textiles (Sericulture), Government of West Bengal.
61
Sericulture, as an agro-based cottage industry, is providing
employment and livelihood to more than one lakh families
of whom 60 per cent of the work force is women and
consequently a large population of women folk reaps the
benefit of various developmental schemes.
4.3 Data on Sericulture in West Bengal
The production as well as trade data of different types of silk produced in West Bengal is given in Table 4.1. Total trade in silk is worth Rs. 462.24 crores.
Relative share of tradable value of different types of silk yarns in West Bengal during 2011-12,
2012-13 and 2013-14 has been shown in the Pie Chart 4.1.
Table 4.1: Data on Sericulture, West Bengal
Sl. No. Particulars Average of Years 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14
Production MT Rate Lakh/MT Amount (Rs. lakh)
1. Mulberry Raw Silk 1990.00 22.71 45199.67
2. Tasar Raw Silk 43.31 20.48 886.94
3. Eri Spun Silk 8.55 13.52 115.59
4. Muga Raw Silk 0.22 90.75 22.36
Total 2042.08
462,24.56 Source: Based on the report received from Directorate of Textiles (Sericulture), Govt. of West Bengal for the years 2011-12, 2012-13 and 2013-14 and Market Studies.
Reeling of Muga Cocoon by SHG Members
62
4.3.1 Mulberry Silk
Mulberry silk worm is reared at household levels and
chopped leaves of mulberry trees (Morus indica, M.
alba, M. multicaulis, M. bombycis) are fed to the
worms. It has been observed that there is a steady
growth in production of mulberry silk in West
Bengal. Malda is the major producer of mulberry silk
in the state. During the year 2013-14 the district
produced 13,817 MT of mulberry cocoon of
value Rs. 290 crore and 1527 MT of mulberry silk yarn, value of which is Rs. 381.75 crore.
Murshidabad, Birbhum, Nadia, Bankura districts have also contributed to the total production
of the state in significant amounts. The total production of mulberry silk yarn in West Bengal
during the year 2013-14 was 1990 MT with market value of Rs. 452 crore.
4.3.2 Tasar Silk
Over the years, there is a gradual trend of
decline in tasar silk production in West Bengal.
The tasar silk worm is mostly grown in host trees
like arjun (Terminalia arjuna) and asan
(Terminalia tomentosa) within forests or its
fringe areas in the western part of the state.
Decline in host trees is a problem in growth of
tasar silk. There was a decline in total production
by 3.57 per cent in the financial year of 2013-14
as compared to that in the previous year.
Proper planning is essential for maintaining the existing Tasar host trees and in regularly
pruning them. This will in turn, facilitate more breeding and thereby more growth of tasar
cocoon.
Bankura is the largest producer of tasar cocoon with a tradable production of 230.58 lakh MT
amounting to Rs. 479.52 lakh and is well ahead of other districts in West Bengal. It has
produced 16.77 MT of tasar silk yarns that amount to Rs. 368.94 lakh41. It is followed by the
districts of Purulia, Birbhum, West Medinipur and Burdwan.
41
Dy Director of Sericulture, Bankura
Mulberry Silk Rearing in Coochbehar ehar
Mulberry Silk Worm
63
4.3.3 Eri Silk
Eri silk is produced mostly in Alipurduar district of the state and the worm is grown in castor
plants (Ricinus communis). In the financial year of 2013-14, production of Eri cocoon is 4 MT
amounting to Rs. 14 lakh while 20 MT of Eri pupae amounting to Rs. 20 lakh has been traded as
food in that district42. Alipurduar is the largest producer of Eri cocoon followed by Jalpaiguri,
South Dinajpur and small amount of Eri is also grown in the South 24 Parganas. Production of
Eri silk in the state is on decline. There has been 6.22 per cent decrease in production of Eri silk
in the financial year of 2013-14 as compared to its previous year. Measures need to be taken to
stop deforestation and destruction of host plantation of castor. Inadequate market
accessibility, poor linkage among different stake holders and frequent price fluctuation are the
detrimental factors that need to be addressed.
4.3.4 Muga Silk
Muga silk is produced mostly in the districts of Coochbehar
and to some extent in Alipurduar, Jalpaiguri, Darjeeling and
Uttar Dinajpur. Muga silkworms feed on som (Machilus
bombycina) and sualu (Litsaea polyantha) leaves.
Coochbehar district produced 50 lakh Muga cocoon of value
Rs 8 lakh during the year 2013-14. Muga yarn produced
during the year in the district was 158 kg of value Rs 20
lakh43. Alipurduar district produced 2 lakh Muga cocoon in
the financial year of 2013-1444. Other districts, such as,
Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Coochbehar and North Dinajpur also
contribute to the total production of Eri reeling cocoon.
Trend shows muga silk production in West Bengal is not
stable. Although there was an increase by 12.17 percent in
the financial year 2012-13, but it again went down by 28.3
percent in the year of 2013-14.
4.4 Cocoon Markets in West Bengal There are a few cocoon markets in the state such as tasar cocoon market and Bishnupur
Sericulture Complex in Bankura district, Dinhata cocoon market in Coochbehar, Belpahari and
Kaliachak cocoon markets in Malda district.
42
Dy Director of Sericulture, Jalpaiguri 43
Dy Director Sericulture Coochbehar, who also provided the photographs used in this chapter. 44
Dy Director of Sericulture, Jalpaiguri
Muga Silkworm
Muga Silkworm Moth and Cocoon CCCocoons
64
4.5 Silk Textile in West Bengal West Bengal is a place for traditional weaving of silk using handloom. The Paschim Banga
Resham Shilpi Samabaya Mahasangha Ltd. markets the products of 16 primary cooperative
societies engaged in reeling and weaving of silk fabrics. However, much of the trade is in the
private sector. Nagar and Margram are the two places in Murshidabad district where silk kora
thaan, silk shirting are being fabricated. Baluchari silk saree is fabricated at Bishnupur and
Panchmura-Sabrakone of Bankura district. Apart from this, silk thaan and silk scarf are also
made in Bishnupur. Tasar thaan, saree and other garments are being fabricated in
Raghunathpur, Manbazar and Puncha of Purulia district. Tantipara of Birbhum is one big centre
where Tasar thaan is fabricated while traditional Silk thaan is fabricated in Margram Baswa,
Bishnupur and Tentulia of Birbhum district. Silk saree is fabricated at Sabdhan in Uttar Dinajpur
district.
Reference
1. Directorate of textiles (Sericulture). Annual production return of sericulture industry of
the year 2011- 12.
2. Gangopadhyay D. (2008). Sericulture industry in India – A review. Science and
Technology, India.
65
CHAPTER V
ANIMAL RESOURCES
5.1 Overview of Animal Resources in West Bengal Farmers in the state have been rearing different varieties of animal species for centuries for
their living. Tradable animal resource of the state includes domestic livestocks like cattle (Bos
taurus), buffalo (Bubalus arnee), sheep (Ovis aries), goat (Capra aegagrus hircus), yak (Bos
grunniens) pig (Sus scrofa domesticus), rabbit (Lepus curpaeums), horse (Equus ferus caballus),
donkey (Equus africanus asinus) and birds like duck (Anas platyrhynchos), chicken (Gallus gallus
domesticus), etc. These indigenous species, though underdeveloped, have continued to retain
invaluable and distinct physical characteristics.
West Bengal abounds in cattle population of which the yield of milk is very poor. There is no
recognized breed of cattle in the state. The buffalo population is negligible in spite of the
climate being congenial. Though a good infrastructure has been created for collection and
processing of milk from the rural produces and marketing the same to consumers of urban
areas by co-operatives, private sectors as well as government, dairy sector of the state is
dwindling due to the absence of any recognized highly productive breed of cattle. Negligible
buffalo population of the state only adds to the woe.
The total bovine population of the state as per the 18th Livestock Census (2008) is about 19.95
million out of which 16.55 million is non-descript indigenous cattle, 2.64 million is crossbred
cattle and buffalo population is only 0.76 million45. Thus, the crossbred population is only 13.5
per cent of the total cattle population. The non-descript type of cattle in the state yields a
meager amount of milk, about 400 litres in 300-lactation days. Annual milk production of the
state is 4906.20 MT46. Per capita availability of milk is merely about 143.30 gm per dayand.
Annual egg production within the state is 4,746 million47.
The tradable animal bio-resources of the state are milk (from cattle, buffalo, goat), egg (from
fowl and duck), meat (poultry bird, pig, goat, sheep, buffalo and cow) and wool from sheep and
the estimated annual production is around Rs. 31,869 crores. Maximum amount is of raw meat
of various types amounting to total Rs. 15,299 crores, followed by milk of Rs. 13,443 crores and
egg of Rs. 2,808 crores. The data has been compiled from ‘Basic Animal Husbandry & Fisheries
Statistics’ 2013, MoA & AH, GoI; Annual Report, 2011 of the Department of Animal Resources
45
18th All India Livestock Census ,Agriculture, Implements & Machinery , Fishery Statistics, West Bengal, Dt of AH & ARD, GoWB 46
Source: Report from Dt. of AH & ARD, 2013-14 47
Source: Ibid.
66
Development, GoWB; Report from Nimpith Krishi Vigyan Kendro and market survey conducted
during this study. A quick view of total tradable volume and value of Animal Resources of the
state is shown in Table 5.1 and item wise details of these have been mentioned in subsequent
paragraphs.
Table 5.1: Overview of Animal Based Products of West Bengal
Sl. No. Name of the Product Average Annual
Production
Total value of Annual Trade (Rs. in
crores)
1 Milk & chhana 44.97 lakh MT 13,696.0
2. Meat (total) 5.77 lakh MT 15,299.0
3. Egg 40.12 lakh in nos. 2,808.0
4. Skin & Hides 1.20 million
pieces 60.0
5. Sheep Wool 705.00 MT 3.5
6. Ornamental bird/pet bird 24,000 pair 0.7
Total - 31,867.2
Apart from the primary products as mentioned in the above Table 5.1, there are many by-
products too. Bird feathers are extensively used in handicrafts industries. Various parts of the
animal carcasses are utilised in manufacturing beneficial goods like shoe, bag, knife handle,
belt, comb, glue, brush, candle, buttons, furniture, packets, etc. Bones of cattle are collected
and grinded in mills. The by-products like chhana, ghee, cheese and curd cater to the high
demands of the people, mainly in big cities and small towns. Production and marketing of these
products provide livelihood to a large section of the population and help many households to
generate income. These products are sold in the entire state through retail shops. Sweetmeat
shops, restaurants, café and tea stalls utilise livestock products like meat, egg, milk, butter and
cheese in substantial quantity and on regular basis. This study has tried to capture the trade of
aforesaid by-products, but there is limited information available from the private sectors and
entrepreneurs and no centralised data is available. However, based on the available
information captured from the State Government agencies and some of the producers and
businessmen, estimates have been made of total volume and value of these products and these
are presented below item-wise.
5.2 Livestock Population in West Bengal As per the Livestock census of 2008, a total of 30.34 million livestock population is available in
West Bengal. The Livestock comprises cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, horse and pony, mule,
donkey, camel, mithun and yak as well as 52.8 million poultry birds, which include total birds in
the poultry farms and hatcheries. The cattle population is predominantly non-descript with
little productivity of milk compared to crossbred cattles.
67
5.2.1 Bovine
Cattle and buffalo count for this category of animals. A total of 19.95 million bovine population
is available in the state. They are used to produce milk and support in agricultural operations
like ploughing, drawing carts, threshing crops, squeezing sugarcanes and oilseeds and other
activities like mud mixing and mud pressing. A small number of yaks are also available in the
high altitudes of Darjeeling district.
5.2.1A Cattle
Out of the 19.18 million cattle population, more than 90 per cent belong to the indigenous
variety. In different parts of the state, they differ in built, structure and production capacity. In
general, these are small in size, non-descript and produce little milk per lactation. The
indigenous breeds are less prone to diseases and require very low or no care as far as cattle
management is concerned. However, they provide pivotal service in agricultural works, such as
ploughing. In order to increase the production capacity of milk among the indigenous variety,
efforts are being made for improvement by breeding with other indigenous varieties such as
Shahiwal, Haryana, Gir etc. and with foreign breeds, such as Jersey and Holstein Friesian. The
villagers in the state use the natural forest or uncultivated lands for grazing the animals. Use of
concentrated feed is not much popular as yet as the owners do not find it much economical.
There are some families, who keep cows in a larger scale for selling milk as their major source
of income and use concentrated feed and modern management practices for cattle rearing.
5.2.1B Buffalo
The entire cattle and buffalo development in the state has been entrusted upon an agency
called “Paschim Banga Go-Sampad Bikash Sanstha (PBGSBS)”, acting under the aegis of the
state government. A comprehensive centrally sponsored National Project for Cattle & Buffalo
Breeding (NPCBB) has been launched in the state since 2001-02 and the PBGSBS has become
the State Implementing Agency for this project. These bodies have nurtured the growth of 0.86
million buffalo population in the state.
5.2.1C Yak
Total 1,088 yaks exist in the state, which graze in the high altitudes and produces milk, which is
converted in to chhurpi and meat. However, it has very little impact on the traded volume of
either milk or meat.
5.2.1D Goat
West Bengal is the breeding tract of Black Bengal goat. The Black Bengal goat is famous for its
excellent quality of meat, high fecundity and good quality of skin (glace-kid). Small livestock
makes valuable contributions to farming systems and to people’s livelihoods. They are of
68
Free ranging non descriptive pig rearing by the tribal in Dubrajpur,
Birbhum
Semi intensive rearing by tribals in Nagrakata, Jalpaiguri
special value to the poorer households and provide support to the
state’s poverty reduction strategies. To augment meat production
in the state by way of generating of better productive local Black
Bengal stock through selective breeding with quality male animals,
State Animal Resource Development Department has initiated a
project on “Conservation of threatened breed” Black Bengal Goat at
Koltulpur in Bankura district. The state houses around 15.09 million
of goat population48. Total annual sale of goat meat in the state has
been estimated to be 233.30 thousand MT of value Rs. 9,332 crores.
5.2.1E Pig
Three typical pig-keeping systems are presently in vogue
in different parts of the state:
i. Free-range scavenging pig keeping: A more or less
extensive system whose main purpose is to
guarantee the household emergency fall-back funds,
whilst also supplying it with a little meat
occasionally, without any major investment of time
or money with non-descriptive type of deshi pig. This
domestic scale is very typical of small farmer mixed
holdings.
ii. Semi-intensive pig keeping: A system where the
animals are housed in a more attentive ambience for
keeping eyes especially to their health and feeding. Its
aims remain those of domestic pig keeping, but given
a modest amount of inputs, its production is higher.
iii. Intensive pig keeping: Housing, feeding and regular
vet care is the modus operandi of this practice.
Taking all these three types, around 8,14,600 pigs thrive in
West Bengal at present. The Ghungroo pig is famous for its meat quality and high fecundity.
Total sale of pig meat per annum has been estimated to be 26,000 MT of value Rs. 481 crores.
5.2.1F Sheep
Sheep is a multi-faceted animal producing wool, meat, milk, skin and manure. It provides a
dependable source of income to the owners. The advantages of sheep farming are: i) a low key
48
All the population no. is quoted from 19th
Livestock Census-2012 All India Report Ministry Of Agriculture Department Of Animal Husbandry, Dairying And Fisheries Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi
A woman carrying Black Bengal Goat
69
Box 5.1
In the unorganized sector, a programme to
distribute chicks (from a day old to 28 days old)
amongst women members of self-help groups
has been continuing since 2008-09 and being
continued taking fund from Rashtriya Krishi
Vikash Yojana (RKVY). 20 lakh chicks amongst 2
lakh women members involving 20,000 SHGs are
being distributed under this programme with a
view to develop social empowerment of women
and reduction of gender inequality and also for
improvement of food security of the rural BPL
families.
( Source: Report 2013, ARD Dept, GoWB)
investment in housing and labour can rear the sheep well. ii) The foundation stock is relatively
cheap and the flock can be multiplied rapidly. iii) Sheep are economical converter of grass into
meat and wool. iv) The sheep's diet includes a variety of plants, as compared to other kinds of
livestock. Thus they gain the status of an excellent natural weed destroyer. v) Unlike goats,
sheep hardly damage any tree. vi) The by-products like wool, meat and manure, only equates
with money for the shepherd. vii) The structure of their lips helps them to clean grains lost at
harvest time and thus convert waste feed into profitable products. viii) Mutton is one kind of
meat against which there is no prejudice by any community in the state and further
development of superior breeds for mutton production will only ensure to the developing
economy of the state. Garole sheep found in the Sundarbans is an exquisitely adapted animal
and a cherished agricultural resource. The renowned Merino sheep had been developed by
isolation of Boorula and Fec-B gene from Garole sheep. Garole sheep is also known for its taste.
However, because of lack of pasture the number of sheep being reared is rather low and
number of sheep in the state has been estimated to be 15,77,193 in the 18th Livestock Census
conducted during the year 2008.
5.3 Poultry Bird
Poultry eggs and meats provide high quality
proteins, minerals and vitamins, which are
required to balance the human diet at a cheap
rate. Specially developed varieties of layer birds
are now available with abilities of quick growth
and high feed conversion efficiency, which will
aggrandize the production of eggs. Although
West Bengal is enjoying the leading position
with respect to the poultry production in
eastern India, it has to depend on the southern
states for meeting the shortage of eggs. There is
scope to augment production of eggs since
marketing is not a problem.
With a low emphasis on infrastructural demands, the backyard farming of poultry is a
flourishing practice among the farmers. Basically, it can be grouped under ‘No-Input Farming’.
This is a well-furnished procedure for a steady flow of income to the underprivileged women, as
confirmed by the last two Censuses, which suggest existence of a population of 64.2 million
poultry birds in the state. Out of these, 12 millions are duck, which are mostly reared at home
traditionally. A small portion of these are crossbred with Khaki Camble variety, which increases
egg production. Chicks are also being reared as a part of composite culture for intensive
farming. Rest of the poultry birds are chicken, both traditional as well as cross-bred varieties.
70
Box 5.2
Though it is mentioned in Table 5.2 that the state produces 40 lakh of eggs per annum on average, but the
provisional figure received from ARD, GoWB for the year 2013-14 says the production of total egg from deshi
fowl, improved fowl and duck is 47 lakh. 47 per cent (22.10 lakh) of the total egg is received from deshi fowl
whereas 25 per cent (11.60 lakh) is received from improved poultry and rest 28 per cent (13.30 lakh) from
duck.
There are also other types of birds like Quail, Turkey etc. whose total number is 2,53,439 and
has good market.
5.4 Ornamental or Pet Bird Ornamental bird is gaining popularity as a tradable bio-resource
and rearing of such birds is providing, albeit in a very small scale,
an alternative livelihood option in the districts of South 24
Parganas, Nadia and North 24 Parganas. After successful
demonstration, the technology was disseminated by Nimpith
Krishi Vigyan Kendra to a large area of those three districts.
Damkal village in Kultali block of south 24 Parganas district is
known as ‘Ornamental Bird Village’ by the local community,
where nearly 50 farm women are employed in growing such
birds, which fetch a substantial income. The birds are sold at
their doorstep by middlemen, who transport those to the
markets in Kolkata. Price of such birds at Kolkata market is given
below in Table 5.2.
Table 5.2: Trading of Ornamental Birds
Name of the birds
which are traded
Approximate market
price (Rs)
Budgerigar 240/pair
Cocktail 1300/pair
Java 1200/pair
Love bird 1400-1800/pair
Finch 130/pair
Few birds which are illegally sold include birds from the parakeet family like Alexandrine
Parakeet (Psittacula eupatria), Rose-ringed Parakeet (Psittacula krameri), Blossom-headed
Parakeet (Psittacula roseata), Red-breasted Parakeet (Psittacula alexandri), Chestnut- tailed
Starling (Sturnia malabarica), Black-headed Oriole (Oriolus larvatus), Asian Koyel (Eudynamys
scolopaceus) and Red Myna (Acridotheres sp.). Around 24,000 pairs of ornamental birds are
sold per annum, the market value of which is around Rs. 0.72 crores.
Middleman carrying ornamental birds from villages
71
5.5 Hide and Skin Production data of hide and skin is not centrally available. This has been worked out in the
district of Hooghly with the district level officials of the ARD Department and it is estimated that
a total of 62,509 pieces of skin and hides (skin 26,229 and hide 36,280) are produced per
annum in the district49. The district is home to 3.5 per cent of the total Bovine and small
ruminant population (around 17,57,349). Based on this, total production of hide and skin in the
state has been estimated to be 1.2 million pieces per annum.
5.6 Production Scenario in the Livestock Sector of West Bengal Mainly thirteen types of primary products are sold in the market from the livestock sectors.
These are raw milk, chhana (casein), goat meat, poultry meat, sheep meat, pig meat, buffalo
meat, cow meat, processed meat, egg, skin and hides, sheep wool and ornamental birds. An
estimated production of these items is presented below in Table 5.3.
Table 5.3: Annual Production and Trade of Animal Resources in West Bengal
Sl. No.
Name of the Product Average Annual
Production Retail Market Price
(Rs) Total value of Annual
Trade (Rs. crore)
1. Milk 44.81 lakh MT 25-30/kg 13,443.0
2. Chhana 0.16 lakh MT - 252.7
3. Meat (total) 5.77 lakh MT 120-480 15,299.0
3.1 Goat 2.33 lakh MT 380-420 9,332.0
3.2 Poulty 2.75 lakh MT 140-170 4,262.5
3.3 Sheep 0.26 lakh MT 300-350 845.0
3.4 Pig 0.26 lakh MT 170-200 481.0
3.5 Buffalo 0.15 lakh MT 120-150 202.5
3.6 Cow 0.11 lakh MT 150-170 176.0
4. Processed Meat* 65.10 MT 260-300 1.9
5. Egg 40.12 lakh in nos. 5-7/pc 2,808.1
6. Skin & Hides 1.2 million pcs 150-900/pc 60.0
7. Sheep Wool 705.0 MT 40-50/kg 3.5
8. Ornamental bird/pet bird 24,000 pairs 250-350/pair 0.7
Total - - 31868.9
*Includes processed meat produced in private sector mentioned at paragraph 5.8.4
49
“REPORT ON TRADEABLE BIO-RESOURCES IN THE DISTRICT HOOGHLY”,2014, submitted by ADM , Hooghly as follow up of a meeting held in the district.
72
5.7 By-Product from Animal Bio-resources Chicken meat and pig meat are processed by the state Govt. agencies as well as private
entrepreneurs. Pork nuggets, sausages, salami are the products sold in the market. Few
processed chicken meat and dressed quail are also
sold in the market. An average of 1,775 kg of pork
product worth Rs. 6.46 lakh has been sold in the
market during 2011-12 to 2013-14. Similarly, on an
average, 2,248 kg of processed chicken product is
sold, which has fetched an earning of Rs. 8.30 lakh.
Other processed meats like dressed quail, meat of turkey, vitamin
enriched eggs etc. have earned a valuation of Rs. 1.17 crores per annum during last 3 years.
5.8 Market Analysis of Animal Products
5.8.1 Pig Market
Market related to pig rearing can be divided into input and output markets. Input market
comprises of all inputs related to keeping pigs (e.g. piglets, fodder, vet care support, etc.).
Output market comprises of sale of pig for meat. Since Jalpaiguri is a conspicuous market in the
pig meat production of the state, a study has been carried out on the pork market of this
terrain. The finding of the survey is shown in Table 5.4.
Table 5.4: Weekly market-wise demand in Nagrakata
Name of the Market
Day of the Market
Market demand
Annual Demand
(Q) Peak
(December to March)
Q/Day
Peak season
demand (Q)
Mean (September
to November)
Q/Day
Mean season
demand (Q)
Lean (April
to August) Q/Day
Lean Season
Demand (Q)
Mal Sunday 1.0 16.0 0.8 9.6 0.7 14 39.6
Odlabari Sunday 4.5 72.0 3.5 42 2.0 40 154.0
Damdim Sunday 2.5 40.0 2.0 24 1.4 28 92.0
Meteli Sunday 4.5 72.0 4.0 48 3.5 70 190.0
Mangalbari Sunday 4.5 72.0 3.5 42 2.5 50 164.0
Garubathan Monday 5.0 80.0 4.5 54 3.0 60 194.0
Chalsa Tuesday 1.5 24.0 1.0 12 0.7 14 50.0
Lataguri Wednesday 1.5 24.0 1.0 12 0.8 16 52.0
Damdim Wednesday 2.0 32.0 1.5 18 0.8 16 66.0
Chalsa Thursday 3.5 56.0 3.0 36 2.0 40 132.0
Jholong Thursday 2.5 40.0 2.0 24 1.5 30 94.0
Mainglass Thursday 1.2 19.2 1.0 12 0.7 14 45.2
Total (Quintal) 547.2 333.6 392 12272.8
No. based on average size of 50 kg/pig 1094 667 784 2546
Pork Sausage Lean Pork
73
Pig Market in Nagrakata Block
There are two ways the product is sold. In weekly hatia, the butchers sell the pork. It is found
that 50 per cent of the total produce sold alive and transferred to the hills from the valley.
The pork sale is season specific and the seasons are divided in peak, mean and lean periods
across the year. The peak season belongs to the four
winter months; mean spans for three months and the
summer months (five) prove to be the lean months.
This demarcation has been made on the basis of
weekly demands in the local markets. There has been a
detail assessment of pork sale in the area in local
weekly markets as shown in Table 5.4. The study found
that average weight of pigs sold is 50 kg. The Table 5.4
shows that during peak season monthly demand is 274
pigs per month (from December to March) and the
same comes down to 157 pigs per month during the
lean season (April to August).
5.8.2 Milk Market
There are milk collectors in Jalpaiguri district who collect milk from the households on a weekly
payment basis. The distribution of collection villages are mutually fixed by the collectors and
they operate under a ‘milk collectors’ union’ based at Malbazar. These milk vendors access
multiple outlets to supply the milk namely household consumers, sweet shops, tea shops and
some of the restaurants. Some of the collectors locally process the milk to produce ghee,
paneer, curd and chhurpi (in few cases). Though the vendors are to fix purchase and sale rates
of milk on fewer stances, mostly they have to accord with the rates fixed by the Union. Conflicts
among the vendors are also resolved by the Union.
Milk is sold mostly to household consumers, sweet shops, tea stalls etc. Some of the traders
also produce ghee and paneer simultaneously for higher profits. Consumption of milk for the
sweet shops varies across different seasons, with peak demand during September to March.
The mean and lean periods are between April to June and July to August respectively. In the
Darjeeling hill areas milk is converted to chhurpi. A local producer who supplies the produce to
a couple of outlets at Odlabari in Jalpaiguri district mentioned that "chhurpi has tremendous
market" and one family can earn up to Rs. 18,000/ per month if they produce both chhurpi and
ghee. 100 litres milk produces almost 5 kg of ghee and fetches Rs 1,200 by selling at Rs. 240-
280/kg which helps in higher price realization. However, production of chhurpi is not much
since the production process is labour intensive and also requires machinery support.
74
5.8.3 Chhana Market
Primary survey reveals that 1706.20 thousand MT of chhana50 is produced and traded from 18
developmental blocks in Hooghly district per annum, the value of which is about Rs. 26.77
crores. The total milk production in the district in 2013-14 was 5,19,798 MT which shows that
about 0.33 per cent of the milk is converted in to Chhana (Annexure-5.1). Therefore, an
extrapolation indicates that the entire state is producing approximately 16104.29 MT of Chhana
which is traded with an amount of Rs 252.66 crores. Chhana is produced at household level and
then traded in the local markets. From there, it further moves to urban markets to cater the
need of sweetshops. An example can be cited here, which has revealed from our primary study
that 50 persons bring chhana in Sibaichandi market of Hooghly from adjoining areas. They bring
approx. 50 kg each per day. This chhana is next transported to Seoraphuli market, further to
Howrah and Kolkata markets51.
5.8.4 Other processed product from Private Sector
Keventers Co. Ltd in Darjeeling produces different animal resource based processed products,
which are sold in local markets as well as in Siliguri market. About 18 MT of processed product
is produced per annum from this outlet, which is valued as Rs. 57.60 lakh52. The products and
their values are shown in Table 5.5.
Table-5.5 Production of Processed Meat by Keventers Co. Ltd Darjeeling
Chicken sausage @320/- per Kg Chicken Salami @320/- per Kg Meat loaf@340/- Per Kg
Chicken meat ball@320/-Per kg. Cart let @320/- per Kg Pork sausage@280/- per Kg
Ham@340/- per Kg Pork Salami @320/- Per Kg. Chicken meat ball@320/- Per kg
Reference:
1. Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries. (2012). Nineteenth Livestock
Census All India Report. Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.
2. Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries (2013). Basic animal husbandry
and fisheries statistics. Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.
3. Directorate of Animal Resources and Animal Health (2013-14). Provisional Annual
Report. Government of West Bengal
4. Directorate of Animal Resources and Animal Health. Eighteenth All India Livestock
Census. Agriculture implements & machinery, Fishery statistics. Government of West
Bengal.
50
“REPORT ON TRADEABLE BIO-RESOURCES IN THE DISTRICT HOOGHLY”,2014, submitted by ADM , Hooghly as follow up of a meeting held in the district. 51
Source: Ananta Dey , Field surveyor in Hooghly 52
Source: Dr. Debabrata Das, Assistant Professor of Botany, Darjeeling Govt. College, Darjeeling
75
CHAPTER- VI
FISHERIES & OTHER AQUATIC PRODUCTS
6.1 Overview of Fisheries Resources of West Bengal Fish and other aquatic products are important bio-resources of the state and are major sources
of protein with per capita consumption of 9 kg/year. This sector makes substantial contribution
towards economic development and employment in the state. Fish production and allied
activities contributed 2.44 per cent of the State Domestic Product and generated 20.36 lakh
person-days during the year 2012-1353. Pisciculture is accepted as a vehicle for promotion of
rural livelihood and in providing food security. West Bengal is the only state in India, where fish
cultivation takes place in all possible types of water bodies, i.e. brackish water, sweet water,
sewage water and marine water as well. The entire state is bestowed with natural water
bodies in different forms. However, only about 85 per cent of the available 3.34 lakh hectares
of ponds, tanks, beels, baors and sewage fed fisheries for freshwater aquaculture and 98
percent of a total potential brackish water resource of 0.6 lakh hectares are being utilized at
present54. The state also has around 4.22 lakh hectares of potential open water system like
reservoir, river, canal etc55. In spite of having the highest productivity of fish in the country and
total production of more than 15 lakh MT of fish per annum, there is a gap between demand
and supply of the order of 0.9 lakh MT. More research & development support, strong linkages
between research and practice, increased investment and establishment of aquaculture
estates, feed mills and ancillary industries have all been identified as integral in hastening the
growth of this sector. The total production of fish during 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12 are
shown in Table 6.1. Fish production is likely to reach 18.50 lakh MT by the end of 12th plan
period. The total value of fish produced in the state in the year 2011-12 was Rs. 31,383 crores.
Table 6.1: Fish Production in West Bengal at a Glance
Fish Production Year of Production
2009-10 2010-11 2011-12
Inland Fish (lakh MT) 12.46 12.9 13.38
Marine Fish (lakh MT) 1.97 1.82 1.52
Shrimp (lakh MT) 1.44 1.47 1.49
Fish Seed (millions) 13,453 13,846 15,002
53
Hand Book of Fisheries Statistics, 2012-13, Dept. of Fisheries, Govt. of West Bengal 54
Ibid Table: 1 & 2 in page 1 55
Ibid
76
Table 6.1 shows that production of carp fish in fresh water and shrimps in brackish water
constitute the major production of aquatic bio-resources in the state and marine aqua-culture
has a small share in total fish production of the state. The total production and value of
different categories of pisciculture is presented below in Table 6.2.
Table 6.2: Estimated Volume and Value of Trade (Average of 2009-10 to 2011-12)
Primary & Processed product from Fish Resource Avg. Annual
Production (lakh MT)
Retail market price (Rs per Kg)
Amount of trade
(Rs crore ) 1. Inland fresh water fish
1.1 Indian major carp ( Rui, Catla, Mrigal etc) 7.88 120-140 10244.00
1.2 Indian minor carp ( Bata, Calbau etc) 0.46 120-150 621.00
1.3 Exotic carp ( Silver,Grass carp etc) 1.42 100-120 1562.00
1.4 Murrels ( Lata etc) 0.22 150-200 385.00
1.5 Cat fish ( Singi, Magur etc) 0.31 200-400 930.00
1.6 Other fish 0.57 250-350 1710.00
1.7 Shrimp ( fresh water & Brackish water) 1.06 350-400 3975.00
1.8 Fish seed spawn 15,002 million pc 350 per lakh pc 5.25
1.9 Fish seed fry 0.15 120-130 187.50
2. Marine
2.1 Shrimp 1.06 350-450 4240.00
2.2 Marine fish 1.75 100-300 3500.00
3. Production from beel, baor 0.35 150-250 700.00
4. Production from sewage fed fisheries 0.24 120-150 324.00
5. Production from reservoir 0.026 120-150 35.00
6. Production from cold water 0.004 150-200 7.00
7. Capture from River & Canal 0.043 120-150 58.05
8. Capture from other waterlogged areas 0.49 120-150 661.50
9. Ornamental fish 93 -124 lakh pieces 4-250/- per pc 99.20
10. Ornamental fish-exported (MPEDA) 11 ton 2.88
11. Dry fish 0.40 60-160 440.00
12. Processed fish & fish products- exported
12.1 Frozen Shrimp 0.28 1313.35
12.2 Frozen fish 0.08 147.42
12.3 Frozen Cuttle fish 0.029 49.28
12.4 Dried items 0.067 64.48
12.5 Live items ( includes crab also) 0.02 24.01
12.6 Chilled items 0.12 94.72
12.7 Others 0.003 2.78
Total Trade (in Rs. Crores) 31,383.42
Sources: i) Hand Book of Fisheries Statistics 2012- 13; Deptt. of Fisheries, Govt. of WB; ii) Communication from MPEDA, GOI; iii) Report from Mr. Ujjal Nag, Fish Processor, iv) Market survey during this study and V) Verbal communication from Mr. Naren Santra, Ornamental fish Trader, Tejendranath Das; Secretary, Kakdwip Fishermen Association; Bablu Ghosh Rajendrapur, Naihati and others.
77
6.2 Fresh Water Aquaculture 6.2.1 Carp Culture Carp forms the most important species farmed in fresh water in West Bengal as well as in India.
The three Indian major carps, namely, catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita) and mrigal
(Cirrhinus mrigala), contribute to more than 50 per cent of the total aquaculture production in
the state. In terms of productivity, this is followed by silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix),
grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio), which were
introduced as fast growing carp species for polyculture in the country in 1970s. The
technologies of induced carp breeding and polyculture in static ponds and tanks have virtually
revolutionized the fresh water aquaculture sector and turned the sector into a fast growing
one.
6.2.2 Cat Fish Among the cat fishes, magur (Clarias batrachus) is the species which has received maximum
attention. Stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis), locally known as Singhi, is another air-
breathing cat fish species, being cultured, to a certain extent, in the swamps and derelict water
bodies, especially in the southern part of the state. Attempts have been made in recent years to
develop the culture of non-air breathing cat fishes like Pangasius pangasius, Wallago attu,
Sperata seenghala, S. aor and Ompok pabda.
6.2.3 Other Finned Fishes
Other finfish species of importance include climbing perch (Anabas testudineus), murrels
(Ophiocephalus striatus and C. marulius) and tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus and
Oreochromis niloticus). Tilapia is available and cultured in most parts of the backyard ponds in
rural areas of the state.
Singhi-Heteropneustes fossilis
Magur- Clarius batracus
78
6.2.3 Fresh Water Prawn
Among the fresh water prawns, Macrobrachium rosenbergii is the most important species
followed by the monsoon river prawn, M. malcolmsonii.
6.2.4 Mussels and Pearl Although West Bengal possesses several other potential species of finned fish and shell fish,
production of these is still very low. Generally, three species of commonly available fresh water
mussels viz. Lamellidens marginalis, are found to produce pearl experimentally.
6.2.5 Fresh Water Fish Catch /Production in the State The three Indian Major Carps (IMCs), namely catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita) and mrigal
(Cirrhinus mrigala) contribute to the bulk of production of fresh water fishes. The state has
produced 8,47,383 MT of IMCs like catla, rohu, mrigal, calbaus etc, in the year 2010-11 out of
which 8.2 lakh MT has been cultured in ponds and lakes and rest 0.27 lakh MT has been
captured from open water bodies. This production has slightly gone down in 2011-12 with a
total of 6,61,420 MT. It has again gone up to 8,55,340 MT during 2012-13. Similarly, 47,383 MT
and 45,689 MT of Indian minor carp (bata, etc) has been produced in 2010-11 and 2011-12
respectively. An average 22,430 MT of murrels (Ophiocephalus sp. etc) has been captured from
open water non-cultured tanks and ponds in last 3 years i.e. 2010-2013. Exotic carps (silver
carp, grass carp and common carp) are produced from culture ponds, beels and baors. An
average of 1,41,667 MT has been harvested during the year 2010-13. Cat fishes like Wallago
attu, Rita rita etc. are produced in culture ponds, and also harvested from open water like beels
and baors. Average harvests of these species were 31,528 MT in the last three years. Apart
from these, other fresh water indigenous species have contributed 67,006 MT of harvest on
average during the last three years.
Production of giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is around 23,801 MT per
annum. Production of inland penaeid, which is produced through monoculture practices, is
74,583 MT per annum. This sector has been witnessing increased diversification with the
inclusion of high-valued species, including medium and minor carps, cat fishes, murrels etc.
While carp and other finned fishes are grown for the domestic market, a large proportion of
fresh water prawn production is exported. The study shows that prawn-cum-carp culture in
fresh water is widely practiced in Barasat and Basirhat Sub-Divisions of South 24 Parganas along
with some more blocks of the Sundarbans. Around 30 per cent of total fresh water prawn
production of these districts is exported and the balance is sold in Kolkata and other markets.
Polyculture with carp and prawn is practiced in areas like Swarupnagar which spreads over to
Dutapara, Balti, Bithari, Bankara and Nirman under North 24 Parganas and has potential for
growth. The total area under polyculture is about 21,250 hectares and about 550 farmers are
engaged in this activity. Production and productivity of scampi is shown in Table 6.3
79
6.2.6 Brackish Water Fish Resources The first two districts have much higher area as shown in the adjoining pie chart. In contrast to
fresh water fish culture, the development of
brackish water aquaculture has been confined to
a single species, Penaeus monodon, the scientific
farming of which began only during the early
1990s. The area devoted to shrimp farming
extends to as much as 58,357 hectares producing
approximately 23,907 MT, the majority of which is
exported.
There are three different types of aquaculture in the tide water fed backwaters (bheries) of the
state. These are extensive (traditional), modified extensive (which has higher stocking density)
and Semi intensive monoculture (of shrimps). The first one is eco-friendly culture and does not
pose any environmental hazards and is practiced by the small farmers either on their own
ponds or on leased ponds. The other two types are more capital and technology intensive,
which are mostly located in the Sundarban blocks.
West Bengal possesses nearly 30 per cent of the total pool of brackish water resources in the
country and is the second highest producer of shrimps. During the year 2012-13, 1,11,654 MT
of shrimp was harvested in the state. Total production in the previous two years i.e., in 2011-12
and 2010-11 were 1,06,886 MT and 99,977 MT respectively, indicating gradual increase in
production. Average export of shrimp from the state during the last three years ending in 2012-
13, as per data of the MPEDA, was 1,06,172 MT and average earning of foreign exchange per
year was Rs. 1,400 crore.
6.3 Fish Seed Production in West Bengal West Bengal is the pioneer and leader in production of fish seed in India. It contributes
approximately 54 per cent of the total fish seeds produced in the country. The production has
grown from 12,200 million spawn during 2004-2005 to 15,002 million spawn of estimated value
of Rs. 5.25 crore in the year 2012-13. Commercial production of carp seed in the state functions
like an industry and a number of hatcheries have come up in the private sector. Out of total 604
carp hatcheries, 8 are run by the government and the rest 596 are private hatcheries.
Table 6.3: Average Scampi production per hectare in WB
Year Type of prawn
Area developed (ha)
Area utilised (ha) Production
(MT) Productivity
(MT/ha/year)
2011-12 Scampi 48,558 45,999 0.95 1.0
Source: Annual Report of 42nd Annual General Meeting of Seafood Exporters Association of India(SEAI) ,2011-12
80
Carp hatcheries in both public and private sectors have contributed towards the increase in
seed production in India from 6,321 million spawn/fry in 1985-86 to over 15,002 million
spawn/fry at present. Rapid increase in the area under pisciculture has promoted production of
quality fish seed under controlled conditions on a large scale both in the Chinese type and eco-
hatcheries.
West Bengal has limited success in scampi seed production. Although, at least eleven
hatcheries are trying to produce scampi seeds but only two have started commercial
production. So, to meet the huge demand of seed, West Bengal is importing the scampi seeds
from other states, mostly by air. There are four ornamental fish hatcheries in the state.
Production of the hatcheries is mostly sold in the fish seed market at Rajendrapur near Naihati
of North 24 Pargana district.
Box 6.1
A unique fish seed market exists at Rajendrapur in Naihati area in North 24 Pargana, which is perhaps the largest
fish seed market of the country. This is a private market managed by the “Naihati Fish seed Suppliers Welfare
Association”. Approximately 670 traders sell fry and fingerling of different fish in this market. During peak season
i.e., post monsoon, each trader sells 100-110 kg fry/ fingerling per day on average, cost of which varies as per the
fish species and size. Sri Bablu Ghosh, President of the Association, has estimated that the average price is Rs. 120-
130 per kg. The season continues for six months, after which the sale reduces to 25-30 kg per day per trader for
the remaining six months. This seed goes to different parts of the state and to other states of the country. Around
10,000 fish seed buyers come to this market. Annual sale from this market, as estimated by Sri Ghosh, is Rs 181
crore56
.
6.3.1 Indian Magur Seed:
Since 1990s there is a growing trend of diversification of pisciculture to meet the demand of
consumers. One important species, which has higher demand, is the Indian magur (Clarias
batrachus) due to its nutritional value and taste. In fact, it occupies 7th position in order of
priority based on demand and taste as per one recent market survey, (Sinha, M.et al.2014) yet
there is a gap between demand and supply, which results in a higher price of around Rs. 400-
500 per kg of the fish. There is huge demand of 3” Indian magur fingerling since natural sources
of seeds have dwindled due to several ecological factors. A few entrepreneurs have
standardized the protocol for breeding magur in captivity, which bridges the gap between
demand and supply of magur fingerlings to some extent. It is estimated that 20-25 lakh
fingerlings are required per year in West Bengal whereas only 2-3 lakh fingerlings could be
supplied to the growers by 5-6 magur seed farms, which exist in the state57.
56
Personal communication with Mr Bablu Ghosh,President Naihati Fish seed Suppliers Welfare Association. 57
Verbal information from Sri Milon Sinha, Bijoynagar, South 24 Parganas, a magur seed grower
81
6.4 Diversified Aquaculture Sub-sectors (Small Indigenous Fish & Ornamental Fish) 6.4.1 Small Indigenous Fish (SIF)
A participatory survey conducted by the study team in a typical village of West Bengal indicated
that five types of water bodies were found in the village and all were utilized for freshwater
aqua-culture or capture. These are small domestic ponds, big ponds (either owned by
individuals or few families), rain-fed canals, land-shaping ponds (mainly excavated for
agricultural irrigation purpose) and low-lying inundated paddy fields. A wide range of fresh
water indigenous species are found in these water bodies. In coastal or riverine areas, different
water bodies in the same village host different categories of fish: marine, brackish water and
fresh water.
West Bengal has the richest species diversity of fish as compared to any other state in India,
with a total number of 574 species58. Many of the species are available in certain regions only,
like boroli and rai khoira in the Teesta river system of North Bengal, etc. In the name of
eradication of predatory and trash fish for scientific fish culture, the community has lost many
wanted and preferred species. Many of the fish species such as pabda (Ompokpabda), a
predatory indigenous fish species, are immensely popular. Ease of culture without any
supplementary feed, good marketability, taste and food preferences were ignored while
promoting scientific pisciculture introduced from the 1980s. In spite of repeated efforts to
discourage culture of predatory species like Channa striatus (sol), Anabus testudineus (koi),
Mystus vittatus (tangra) and Ompok pabda (pabda), these are grown due to consumer
preferences along with some 'weed' fish like Amblypharyngdon mola (mourala), Puntius ticto
(punti), Colisa fasciatus (kholse) etc. in fresh water fish farms. However, there is short supply in
the market and retail price of these fishes is around Rs. 300-600 per kg. There are many other
Small Indigenous Fishes (SIF) in the state the list of which is mentioned in Table 6.4. SIF
category of fish is high in demand, which is increasing in spite of higher prices of such fishes. It
has been difficult to assess production of SIF in the state since the State Government data also
includes other fishes with this variety. This has been worked out from the actual figures
obtained from district fisheries officers of Hooghly, Burdwan, Jalpaiguri and Darjeeling districts.
Burdwan district produced 2,323 MT of indigenous cat fish, 2,903 MT of SIF including 2 MT of
sorpunti in the year 2013-14. 54 varieties of SIF have been reported as available in the district of
North 24 Parganas. A total of 15,000 MT of SIF and 3,000 MT of cat fish which includes 1,800
MT of riverine cat fish and 12,000 MT of fresh water fish (tangra etc), were harvested in that
district during the year 2013-14. It is reported from Howrah district that although commercial
culture of SIF (mourala, koi, kholse etc), crabs (Scylla), minor prawn (chapra chingri) are yet to
be taken up in this district and these species are captured from natural water bodies and are
sold at high price in the market.
58
WB state Biodiversity strategy and Action Plan 2002.dept. Enviorn. GOWB, p-153
82
Table 6.4: A list of Common Indigenous Fish Species Reported in Culture
Sl. No. Cultured Species Sl. No. Captured Species
1. Ompok pabda (Pabda) 1. Gilli pungti (Puntius gelius)
2. Tilapia (Orechromis niloticus) 2. Kalo bele(Eleotris fusca)
3. Nandos(Nandus nandus) 3. Pabda ( Ompok pabda)
4. Bhetki (Lates calcarifer) 4. Kakle ( xenentodon cancila)
5. Chital(Notopterus chitala), 5. Dheney (Esomus dandricus)
6. Khorsula ( Rhinomugil corsula) 6. Techokha (Panchax panchax)
7. Sol ( Channa striatus) 7. Potke chingri ( Acetes indica)
8. Singhi ( Heteropneustes fossilis) 8. Dim chingri( M. rude)
9. Magur ( Clarias batrachus) 9. Chanda (Chanda nama, Chanda ranga)
10. Koi ( Anabus testudineus) 10. Guri Kholse (Colisa lalius)
11. Tangra ( Mystus vittatus) 11. Kholse (Colisa fasciatus)
12. Mourala(Amblypharyngodon mola) 12. Pankal (Mastacembelus pancalus)
13. Punti ( Puntius ticto) 13. Kunche ( Amphipnous cuchia)
14. Golda Chingri (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
14. Batasi Tangra (Pseudeutropius antherioides)
15. Fouli (Notopterus notopterus) 15. Boroli (Barilius vagra)
16. Lata ( Channa punctatus) 16. Bogo (Xenentodon cancila)
17. Sor Punti ( Puntius sarana sarana) 17. Bele (Glossogobius giuris)
18. Sol ( Channa striatus) 18. Ban ( Mastacembelus armatus)
19. Rai Khoira( Cirrhinus reba)
20. Chela (Salmostoma bacaila)
6.4.2 Ornamental Fishes
Ornamental fishes are one of the most popular pet throughout the world at present. More than
1000 ornamental fish species have been reported worldwide from various aquatic niches and
environments. India has a large repository of ornamental fishes with over 100 varieties of
indigenous species in addition to a similar number of exotic species that can breed in captivity.
Furthermore, with the presence of varied ecosystems and natural resource bases, India has an
edge over other potential Asian countries like Singapore, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Indonesia, Hong
Kong and Thailand, which offers great scope and promises of commercial fresh water
ornamental fish production and export. The internal market is also growing because of
increasing popularity. By volume of the business the domestic demand is more than the current
export turnover.
83
Puntius filamentosus Puntius terio
West Bengal is the pioneering state for the ornamental fish trade in India. The breeding and
rearing activities of ornamental fishes are gradually picking up in West Bengal and
consequentially ended up in the foundations of more than 500 units which have come up in the
districts of Howrah, Hooghly and 24 Parganas surrounding Kolkata.
The districts of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri having a number of rivers, canals, jhoras and
innumerable hill streams are the potential sources of a large number of indigenous ornamental
fishes. A survey (Paul et al, 2010) had collected 67 indigenous ornamental fish species of 3
families like Cyprinidae, Cobitidae and Sisoridae. Some common species are Danio
aequipinnatus, Esomus danricus, Puntius conchonius, Puntius sophore, Puntius ticto, Botia dario,
Botia lohachata, Mystus vittatus, Pangasius pangasius, Badis badis, Xenentodon cancila etc.
Gradually indigenous species are getting good price in the market. A total of 115 varieties of
native species have been identified as ornamental fishes across the state. Out of these, 65
species have good export potential. Ornamental fishes are mainly being traded at weekend
(Sunday) markets in Galif Street near Shyambazar in Kolkata. There are also scattered outlets in
Kolkata, Howrah and in other towns of West Bengal.
There is little data available on total trade of ornamental fish in the state. The study team has
estimated the same through survey of the market in Kolkata and Howrah. It is estimated that
around 100-120 species are sold in the market and 1500-2000 pieces of each species is sold on
average per week. Thus total number of ornamental fishes sold per annum in the state is
estimated to 90 lakh to 115 lakh pieces. Total value of the traded ornamental fishes is around
Rs. 94 crore per annum. That apart, ornamental fish is also exported through Kolkata port and
the value of export during the years 2011-12 and 2012-13 is shown in Table 6.5 below.
Table 6.5: Ornamental Fish is also exported through Kolkata Port
2011-12 2012-13
Quantity Value Quantity Value
Tons Rs. Lakh Million US $ Tons Rs. Lakh Million US $
12 298.02 0.63 11 288.10 0.54
84
6.5 Sewage Fed Fish Culture/East Kolkata Wet Land (Bheri) Fish Culture East Kolkata Wetlands, which is a unique eco-system and is recognized as a Ramsar site (No.
1208), is a model of multiple use wetlands. It provides an alternative low-cost methodology of
resource recovery through aquaculture and agriculture by using the same water in multi-
type/tier options to reduce the pressure of freshwater supply. The wetland provides facility for
treating the city's waste water and utilizing the treated water for pisciculture and agriculture
through the recovery of nutrients in an efficient manner. The water flows through fish ponds
covering about 3,633 ha, and the ponds act as solar reactors and complete most of the bio-
chemical reactions with the help of solar energy. The system which has been developed by local
people through ages has saved the city of Kolkata from the cost of constructing and maintaining
waste water treatment plants. Thus, the system is described as "one of the rare examples of
environmental protection and development management where a complex ecological process
has been adopted by the local farmers for mastering the resource recovery activities". (Ghosh.
Dhruabajyoti, 1999)
This multifunctional wetland ecosystem is of an area of 12,500 hectares and it comprises of 254
sewage fed fisheries (bheries). Out of total 12,500 hectares area of east Kolkata wetland, water
body constitutes approximately 3,633 hectares, which provides about 0.244 lakh MT of
common table fish per year, which finds easy market in nearby Kolkata as well as in nearby
districts. As reported by the Department of Fisheries, Government of West Bengal, an
estimated area of 616 hectares of sewage fed fisheries are available in Hooghly, Nadia districts
of the state. A variety of sweet water fishes are produced in the bheries. The main varieties in
the existing practice of polyculture include:
Indian Major Carp – Rohu (Labeo rohita), Catla (Catla catla), Mrigal (Cirrhinus
mrigala),
Indian Minor Carp – Bata (Labeo bata)
Exotic Variety – Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), Common Carp (Cyprinus
carpio), Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Tilapia- Nilotica (Oreochromis niloticus), Mosambica (Tilapia mossambica)
Other varieties – Punti (Puntius japonicus), Sol (Ophicephalus striatus), Lata
(Ophiocephalus punctatus), Chyang (Ophiocephalus gachua), Singi (Heteropneustes
fossilis), Magur (Clarias batrachus), Folui (Notopterus notopterus), Pungus
(Pangasius sutchi), etc.
Production from the sewage fed fisheries is shown in Table 6.6.
85
Table 6.6: Sewage Fed Fisheries Production Pattern
Size of Bheri Total Harvesting Period (days /year) Avg. Quantity Harvested (per day)
Between 30-50 ha 120-135 days 150-200 Kg
Between 50-80 ha 150 days 200-300Kg
Between 80-100 ha 180-200 days 350-380 Kg
Above 150 ha 250 days 500 Kg
Source: Survey Saha,D. 2005
The villagers (mostly women) living around the East Kolkata Wetlands wade through the
shallow ponds slowly having a container on their waist and collect snails from the bottom of the
pond. The harvested snails are sent to “Alaghar”, the site office of the fishery establishments
(bheries). These snails are sold both for human consumption and as duck feed (Ghosh, 2014).
6.6 Marine Sub-Sector Overview West Bengal has a coastline of 158 km, and East
Medinipur and South 24 Parganas are the two
major coastal districts of the state. Department
of Fishery of the state government includes
North 24 Parganas as a coastal district because
of its estuarine areas but it has hardly any direct
coastline59. However, saline water flows well
into the district from the Bay of Bengal through
the numerous rivers and channels, and brackish
water aquaculture is practiced widely in blocks
like Sandeshkhali-I, Sandeshkhali-II, Hingalgunj,
Hasnabad and Basirhat-II blocks.
The marine resource base of the state comprises of 777 sq. km of inshore area (up to 10 fathom
depth), 1,813 sq. km (between 10 fathom and 40 fathom depth) and a continental shelf of
17,049 sq. km (up to 100 fathom depth). Brackish water areas in the deltaic region encompass a
territory of 60,000 hectare (of which only 59,000 is under culture)60. In contrast, the state has a
potential resource of 3,94,000 hectares of inland water bodies like ponds, tanks, reservoirs, etc.
(of which 3,45,000 hectares are under culture), and another 1,80,000 hectares in the numerous
rivers and canals61. Consumer preference in the state is also strongly inclined towards inland
water fish, with marine fish traditionally consumed in coastal areas and by some of the tribal
59
Table 10, West Bengal Coastal Areas Development Project-Inception Phase, Concept paper, available from the
web link: enrap.org.in/PDFFILES/IFAD%20project%20inception%20Paper_Final_%20_Main%20Txt.pdf. 60
Hand Book of Fisheries Statistics 2012- 13, page 1. 61
Ibid, page 1.
Fish Landing Jetty at Kakdweep
86
people in the hilly areas of North Bengal. Failure of the supply of inland fish to increase in line
with demand has caused prices to rise steeply over the years, leading to consumption of fresh
marine fish spreading to other areas in the state. However, our survey reveals that
consumption of marine fish is prevalent in poorer regions and regions with high concentration
of Muslim population.
The marine fisheries sector in the state has started to develop only from the late 1950s.
However, the pace of development has accelerated only in the 1980s, with creation of berthing,
landing and post-harvest facilities, motorization of fleets, infrastructure development, fisher
folk welfare measures, diversification of fisheries and development of the brackish water farms.
The coastline stretches 158 km, out of which 90 km is available as fishing base. There are 78 fish
landing centers (khutis) out of which 37 fish landing centers are in south 24 parganas and 41
khutis are in East Medinipur.62
Average catch of marine fish during the last three years (2010-11 to 2012-13) was 1.77 lakh
MT63. The important types of marine catches are Hilsa, Sea cat fish, Sardinella, Croackers, Seer
fish, Bombay duck, Latarius, Silverbellies, Eels, Mullets, Parches, yellow-fin Tuna, penaeid and
non-penaeid prawns, crabs etc.
6.7 Catch/Production Profile from Marine Sector
6.7.1 Shrimp Seed Collection
Another source of by-catch in traditional sector is the shrimp-seed collection, locally known as
“meen dhara”, in Matla and adjoining rivers and rivulets in South and North 24 Pargana
districts64. Although legally banned, shrimp seed, i.e., meen collection continues at many places.
In that process juveniles of almost all commercial fishes are captured and the target being the
black tiger shrimp seed (P. monodon) other species are thrown away leading to their deaths
and decline in supply of those fishes. It is reported that a large number of shrimp seed
collectors, mostly the womenfolk, are operating in the Sundarban islands as a part of their
livelihood (Anon, 1994). The annual family income from shrimp seed catch ranged between Rs.
8,032 to Rs. 10,946 (Mahapatra et al. 1995).
6.7.2 Marine Fishing
About 85,000 fishermen earn their livelihood wholly or partially from marine fishing in the two
maritime districts of South 24 Parganas and East Medinipur. Motorization of fishing craft was
first attempted in the late ’50s, but the tempo increased only from the late ‘7Os, 4,618
62
Ibid, page 15 63
Hand Book of Fisheries Statistics 2012- 13, page 39 64
Meen Dhara: The activity of catching prawn PL in the creeks of Sunderban and on coasts. Also, the person who carry out this activity.
87
mechanised boats and 583 non-mechanised boats are in operation in the two districts for
fishing in the coast and sea65.
The main fishing methods in West Bengal are drift gillnetting for Hilsa and behundi (bag nets)
for other species. They are used both in the estuary, during
summer, as well as in the open sea, during the winter
months. Bottom-line fishing and gillnets are also used, but to
a lesser extent, in both the maritime districts. Seasonal gear,
such as boat seines and encircling gillnets are also employed
besides shore seines. In recent times, bottom trawling has
been observed in East Medinipur.
Average annual harvest of 32 categories of marine fish and
shrimp inclusive of penaeid and non-penaeid varieties during last three years have been 1.75
lakh MT and 1,06,106 MT respectively. Other than penaeid other important species are Hilsa
(partly captured from tidal rivers), Pomfret, Mackeral and Indian Oil Sardine (Sardinella
longiceps). Table 6.7 gives the annual catch of these species and the value.
Table 6.7: Annual Capture and Value of Some Important Marine Species of Fish
Species Trade volume (2012-13) Estimated trade (Rs. crore ) 1. Hilsa i. Marine ii. Riverine
i. 8510 MT ii. 1603 MT
505.65
2. Pomfret 9924 MT 347.34
3. Mackeral 8094 MT 202.35
4. Indian Oil Sardine 3139 MT 94.17 Source: Jt. Director( M.E &MS) , Deptt. Of Fisheries, Govt. of WB
6.8 Crab Four tradable species of crab found in the state are Scylla serrata, Scylla tranquebarica, Scylla
paramamosain and Scylla olivacea.
The female crabs taste better due to higher fat content and also fetch higher market value,
which may be even two to three times higher than male crabs. The price is decided on the
weight and that hovers between Rs. 150-Rs. 800 per kg. Crabs weigh between 300 gms and 800
gms and the larger ones have higher market price. The price, based on weight, varies from Rs.
400 - Rs. 600/kg for crabs with weight above 500 grams. For those with weight less than 500
grams the market price varies from Rs. 150 - Rs. 350/kg.
65
P.41, HBFSWB-2012-13
Icing in Marine fish landing Jetty
88
6.9 Dry Fish 6.9.1 Overview of Dry Fish Sector in West Bengal
There are around forty-odd fish drying centers of various sizes on the
coasts of East Medinipur and other thirty-odd centers are in South 24
Parganas. Fishermen and labourers are organized into a number of units
called khuti, in which anything between a few to 10-12 boats, a number of
fishermen (3-5 persons per boat including the owner) and a number of
mostly women labourers (for drying fish) gather together during the
season (usually four to five months between October and March) 66. The
size of these drying centers, determined by the number of workers
(labourers) and fishermen camping during the season varies from a few
hundred to 10,000 – 12,000. Of the forty-odd khutis in East Medinipur, four are quite large.
These are Jaldah (with around 10,000 people during season, is the largest one), Junput (around
5000 people), Kharpai/Dadanapatrabar
(around 4000 people), New Jaldah (about 3500
people), Dash Number (about 1000 people)
(Ghosh.et al 2008). Other centres in East
Medinipur and those in South 24 Parganas are
much smaller with a few hundred people
gathering during the season.
There are two major wholesale markets for dry
fish around Kolkata – Uluberia (in Howrah
district) and Sheorafuli (in Hooghly), from
where the Kolkata market is fed. The market of
Howrah is located at Fuleswar Egaro Fotok,
where there are around 50 stalls for trading dry fish. Traders of Kolkata and head-load retailers
buy dry fish from these two markets. The retailers in and around Kolkata enjoy a margin of
around Rs. 10/kg. Traders from distant markets in North Bengal, North-East and Bangladesh
directly come to the fish drying centres for buying dry fish. Not all varieties of fish go for human
consumption. Certain varieties of dried fish, and that too if the quality of the product is good
(i.e., dried properly, without dusts, sands and other impurities), are used for human
consumption. The market for such dried fish is spread over entire North-East, parts of West
Bengal, and Bangladesh. Poorer qualities of dry fish are used as poultry feed. While in East
Medinipur, especially around Contai and Ramnagar, there are a number of poultry feed
manufacturing units. These units buy the fish meal from intermediaries. Some of the paikars
66
Khuti: A fish drying unit consisting of a few fishing boats and a number of labourers. Such units migrate to drying area on a sea coast for four-five months in a year (in West Bengal) from November to March
Net mending by fisher women in
Namkhana
Fish drying in Purba Medinipur
89
(who are involved in fish drying sector) directly sell to these units, while another layer of
intermediary comes into play who buys from the paikars at fish drying center and sells to these
units in East Medinipur. In the fish drying belt of South 24 Pargana (Fraserganj, Kalistan,
Mousuni, etc.), there is only one poultry feed manufacturing unit. However, a few such units
exist in Namkhana and Kakdwip. Nevertheless, the fish meal from fish drying belt of South 24
Pargana primarily goes to Kolkata. The involvement of intermediary, who arranges for credit
and other materials for fish drying, and boats and boatmen, enjoy a substantial portion of the
value of dry fish. Our surveys indicate that such middlemen enjoy around 20 per cent margin.
Then there are the wholesalers near Kolkata who also enjoy a margin (for dry fish that are
consumed in and around Kolkata).
Box 6.2: Socio-Economic Profile of Jaldah Khuti
The khuti (Jaldah) is located at a distance of 7 km from the Digha-Kanthi state highway. Around
300 boats come to Jaldah from various places to catch fish. One such boat can store up to 1,200
kg fish. They do not carry ice while going for the catch. They use behundi net (bag-net) for
fishing. Rest of the people is engaged in other activities (drying fish, loading and unloading,
auctioning, etc.). Permanent population of the village is about 500-600; while about 10,000
people migrate there during the season, which extends for 4-5 months, from other areas (from
the same and different districts). Varieties like Pomfret, Chela, Chandi etc. are sent with ice to
auction center at Digha mohana. Ice is procured from Choddomile (12 km away) and/or
Shankarpur (20 km away). Other varieties of fish are dried on open sand on the shore. The dried
fish goes to the nearby auction center at Balighai near Ramnagar (about 15 km from Jaldah).
Wholesale traders from Tripura, Assam, and even Bangladesh also come to the khuti for buying
dry fish directly. Price of dry fish for fish meal is Rs. 11-13/kg. Prices of various types of dry fish
for human consumption are Chhuri: Rs. 16/17 per kg, Bomla: Rs. 30/kg, Tapra: Rs. 22/kg, etc.
Earning of each fisherman varies between Rs. 10,000 – Rs. 40,000 over the entire season
spanning over 4 to 5 months. A vast majority of the people gathering at the fish drying center
get involved as labourer in fish drying. The workers get paid on the basis of quantity of fish
dried. The wage varies slightly with the type of fish. For example, the wage rate for fish drying is
Rs. 50/ tray of bomla if the fish is one day old, Rs. 30/tray for fresh bomla; the wage rate for
handling (e.g., shuffling) the fish is Rs. 50 /day (with food consisting of 2 meals a day), or Rs.
70/day without food.
6.9.2 Marketing and Value Chain of Dry Fish
As the field survey was conducted not during the drying season, there was no scope to interact
with all the intermediaries in the value chain. However, there were some interactions with few
of the labourers and fishermen, and also a few retailers in Kolkata. It was not possible to assess
the margin that traders from outside the state enjoy.
90
In this system the people involved in processing of dried fish are called fish processor. In the
processing industry two categories of workers are common. The first group comprises owners
of drying enterprises and the others are labourers. The latter group also includes female
workers, children along with men. Big traders, also known as Byaparies, are relatively large and
professional traders who buy dried fish from fish processors and generally sell it to the
wholesalers and retailers in wholesale markets. Major varieties that are dried for human
consumption are bomla, chhuri or fite (ribbon), ruli, and pata. Most striking feature of the value
chain of dry fish for human consumption is that the retail price (in big retail markets in Kolkata)
is Rs. 80 per kg for all varieties, even though the price of dry fish that producers get varies
according to variety. The drying process uses up 15 – 20 per cent, paikars (traders) consume
another 15 – 24 per cent, wholesaler retains 25 – 56 per cent, and retailer account for 18 – 25
per cent of the price mark-up in case of dry fish for human consumption in Kolkata, as shown in
Table 6.8
# Of which, cost of drying is Rs. 8-10/kg for dry fish for human consumption
* Company in same district (PMDP) buys at this rate from middlemen (paikaar) – 20 km distance.
** Company in other district buys at this rate from middlemen (paikaar).
The market remains most active during the winter season (October to January) as the supply
and climate remains most consistent. Rest of the season the supply of the fish falls.The dry fish
trading system in West Bengal depends on several stakeholders like fish processor, Beparis,
Aratdars, wholesalers and retailers. It is estimated that 14000 to 18000 tons of dried fish move
through Egra regulated market per annum (Ghorai,S. 2014), Further estimated that
approximately 12000-14000 MT dry fish is marketed in Kakdwip & Namkhana market in South
24 Parganas.67
The rate of dry fish varies according to the quality of the product; the lower grade one is sold at
Rs. 50-60 per kg whereas the good quality one fetches Rs. 150- 160 per kg.
67
Verbal Communication with Mr. Tejendranath Das, Secretary, Kakdwip Fishermen Association..
Table 6.8: Price Mark-Up at Various Stages in the Supply Chain of Dry Fish for Domestic Consumption
Dry Fish Variety Producer gets Middlemen Sell at Wholesale Market
Kolkata# (Rs. per kg)
Wholesale Price Kolkata
(Rs. per kg)*
Retail Price Kolkata
(Rs. per kg)** Bomla – early season
Rs. 40-45/kg Rs. 50-60/kg 70 80
Bomla – latter half of the season
Rs. 30-35/kg Rs. 40-45/kg 70 80
Chhuri/Fite Rs. 15/kg Rs. 25/kg 70 80
Ruli Rs. 17-18/kg Rs. 20-25/kg 70 80
Pata Rs. 25-35/kg Rs. 35-50/kg 70 80 For fishmeal Rs. 5-6/kg Rs. 15-16/kg* Rs. 19-20** NA
91
6.10 Fish Products 6.10.1 Pituitary Gland
Pituitary gland is sold in the market, which is used for carp breeding. Few years back the
demand of pituitary gland was more. Presently, many hatcheries are using synthetic hormone,
therefore, demand for pituitary gland has decreased. However, as estimated after primary
survey, a total of 80-90 lakh pituitary glands are collected by local youths at onset of monsoon
till peak monsoon, which is sold at Rs. 5-8 each.
6.11 Fish Markets Consumption preference of the population is predominantly oriented towards inland fish. Even
though the state is the highest producer of inland fish, it remains a fish-deficit state so long as
inland fish is considered. Discussions with wholesale traders in large auction markets (in Digha,
Diamond Harbour and Kolkata) indicate that West Bengal exports primarily marine varieties
(prawn, crab, pomfret, and other sea fish) and cultured prawns to other countries, and
predominantly Hilsa to other states within the country. Export of 61,915 MT marine catch
(chilled fish) was reported through ports of Kolkata and Haldia in 2011-1268. On the other hand,
import of 1,14,625 MT fish by the state from other states (Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Madhya
Pradesh, Bihar etc.) predominantly constitutes inland carps (Rui, Katla, etc.). Discussions with
large traders and intermediaries in auction markets in Digha, Diamond Harbour, Canning,
Barasat, Basirhat and Kolkata indicate that certain low-value marine fishes (especially those
which are either not exported at all or are exported if the size is larger than some cut-off mark)
are consumed by poorer people. Some examples of such fish are Amadi, Bombay Duck, Fite
(Ribbon), Aila, etc. A snapshot of total production and consumption of fish in the state is shown
in Table 6.9.
Table 6.9: Production and Consumption of Fish in West Bengal in 2012-13
Production/Consumption Inland Marine Total (1000 MT)
Production69 1490 152 1477
Import from Other States Primarily inland* 114
Export to Other Countries Negligible Primarily marine (shrimp,
pomfret, crab and others)* 25
Export to Other States Negligible Raw fish like hilsa and dried fish
(raw weight 35-50)* 45-65
Consumption within the State
Primarily inland fish
Hilsa and small quantities of low-value sea fish
2704
Source: Table 6.2, p.52 and Table 3.2, p.31 of Hand Book of Fisheries Statistics 2012- 13 and, * Information received from wholesale traders in Kolkata, Digha and Diamond Harbour.
68
Table 6.1, p.52, HBFSWB-2012-13 69
Table 3.1& 3.2, p. 31, HBFSWB-2012-13
92
The survey suggests that low value sea fishes (which do not have an export market under the
current status of processing and handling capability) are mainly consumed by poorer people.
That is, there might be a substitution from inland fish to sea fish among the poorer section of
the state’s population.
6.11.1 Marketing System of Fish for Domestic Consumption
After catch, fish travels through two distinct channels to reach different final destinations, viz.,
domestic consumption and export. Major types of fish that go for domestic consumption are
low value sea fish, Brackish water fish (prawn, parshe, bhetki, etc.) and pond fish (carps like rui,
katla, etc.). Major types of fish that go for export are prawn (aquaculture and marine), pomfret,
ribbon, sol, mackerel, cat fish, sardine, etc., and crab. The marketing system and involvement of
intermediaries are slightly different in the two channels.
Marine fish, brackish water fish and pond fish meant
for domestic consumption from the districts of
south 24 Pargana and East Medinipur and brackish
water aquaculture fish and pond fish (meant for
domestic consumption) from north 24 Pargana
reach the retailers across the state in two different
manners after the catch. First, a small portion of the
total catch goes for local consumption. Such fish
travels from auction market to retail centers without
ice (ice is removed from the fish before weighing at the auction center); and goes to places that
can be covered within two hours in any means of transport engaged. After reaching the
retailing point (which is usually a nearby town, where price and availability of ice is better than
at the auction center like Digha mohana), ice is applied to the fish to preserve the fish for the
period until which the stock is sold out. Second, a significant portion of the catch goes to distant
places within the state. Primary among these are Kolkata and Howrah (200 km from Digha
mohana, 65 km from Diamond Harbour, 49 km from Canning, 110 km from Raidighi, and 100-
125 km from Kakdwip, Namkhana, and Fraserganj). Fish also
goes to the urban centers in districts surrounding Kolkata and
Howrah (Barasat, Basirhat, Hasnabad, Hooghly, etc.) and in
distant districts like Murshidabad and districts in North Bengal
(most important center is Siliguri). For better preservation ice
flakes are used instead of ice cubes. Fish is auctioned for the
second time in these urban centers before reaching the retailers.
The type of fishes sent to urban centres for domestic
consumption are primarily low-value sea fish, some quantities of
Egra Fish Market
Interview with Aratdar at Raidighi Market
93
high-value sea fish like pomfret (for premium consumers in Kolkata and adjoining areas),
brackish water fish like parshe, bhetki, prawn (usually smaller ones) and pond fish like carps
(rui, katla) etc.
6.11.2 Marketing System of Fish for Export
Fishes that are exported are primarily prawn (both marine and inland) and sea fishes like
pomfret (most important), ribbon, varieties of cat fish, and few other varieties in small
quantities. In this case, the fish is exported from primary auction centers to the fish processing
units in Kolkata directly. Thus, fish reaches the processing units usually after one auction. Crab
is another important item of export, which also reaches the processing unit in a similar manner.
The first level of intermediaries is the aratdars or auctioneers. The producer brings his fish to
the aratdar for primary auction. Aratdar usually charges a fixed commission to the seller on the
value of fish auctioned. Thus, income of aratdar depends on the price of fish, and he has
incentive to ensure that fish is auctioned at a higher price than lower. However, there is
pressure from the other side too – if price of fish is too high for a particular aratdar, wholesale
traders will move to a different aratdar for procuring fish. Aratdars are also present in
secondary auction markets and tertiary auction markets. Aratdars provide credit to the
fishermen to catch/produce fish, and to paikars for buying fish in primary auction centers and
deliver to secondary auction centers. The system of supply is shown in Figure 6.1.
Figure 6.1: Supply Chain of Fish for Export
Commission rate of the aratdar varies across regions between 4-7 per cent. In most places, a 2
per cent higher commission is charged from producers/fish farmers who have taken dadan
(credit) from the aratdar. Total 636 wholesale fish markets are in operation in all the 19
districts including Kolkata. Similarly there are 3,208 retail fish markets in the state. The numbers
of retail markets in south 24 parganas are highest among all the districts where as Uttar
Dinajpur is having only 31 retail fish markets.
Some of the big wholesale fish markets are:
94
Howrah fish market, near Howrah station, which is the largest fish market in eastern
India
Diamond harbour market, the biggest sea fish market in West Bengal
Wholesale Markets in Kolkata: Baithakkhana Market, B. K. Pal Market, Bantala Fish
Market, Bagha Jatin Bazar, Chingrighata Fish Market & Orphangunj Market.
Wholesale Market in 24 Pargana (South): Malancha Market especially for shrimp
Wholesale Market in 24 Pargana (North): Patipukur Market for a variety of fishes.
There are three major wholesale markets of crab in Canning, Basanti and Diamond Harbour.
Each day at each of these markets the tradable volume ranges from 50 MTs to 90 MTs. Most of
these products goes to processing unit and exported. Average estimated tradable volume is 70
MT per day.
6.11.3 Ornamental Fish Market
There are two types of traders who control the entire Kolkata and Howrah markets. About 15
to 18 traders sell ornamental fishes within Kolkata. Another 6-8 traders in Howrah export the
fish to other states like Delhi, Mumbai and Andhra Pradesh etc. Big traders procure from them
and finally export the fish outside India. It is gathered from Galif Street market (around 1,800-
2,000 pieces of about 100 species are sold per week). The rate varies with the species and
quality of the fish e.g. Guppy is sold at Rs. 4-6 per piece, whereas Discuss fetches Rs. 2000 per
piece. Therefore, it is difficult to directly estimate the value of total trade. However, after
discussing with a group of traders of that market it is estimated that about 10-12 lakh
ornamental fish of value Rs. 1.2-1.5 crore is marketed through these two markets.70
6.12 Export of Fish Export of marine fish beyond boundaries of the country earned handsome revenue of Rs. 700
crore in the year 2009-10. West Bengal occupies the 4thposition in the country in terms of
export of sea food products. Fishes are exported primarily through Kolkata and Haldia port to
mostly Japan followed by Vietnam and China. Annual export to Japan is of the order of Rs. 650
crore. Out of the total exports 90 per cent are shrimps and the rest includes ornamental fish,
crab and fresh water prawns.
During 2012-13, six categories of fishery based items have been exported i.e. frozen shrimp,
frozen fish, frozen cuttle fish, dried items, live items, chilled items and other miscellaneous
items. A total 66,941 MT of products has been exported which has earned Rs. 1819.08 crore.
Following is the detail shown in Table 6.10.
70
Verbal discussion with Mr. Naren Santra, Ornamental Fish trader , Galif Street Kolkata
95
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4. Ghosh D. (2014). Ecosystem management towards merging theory and practice,
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5. Ghosh T.P., Dutta G., Sinha C., Bhattacharya I. (2008). Marketing and value chain
analysis of marine fishery sector in West Bengal; Report submitted to IFAD India country
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6. Mahapatra B.K., Saha D., Datta N.C. (1995). Destruction of shellfish and finfish seed
resources of the Sundarbans, West Bengal and suggestions for their conservation.
Journal of Inland Fisheries Society India, 27(1): 35- 39.
7. Paul M., Gupta S., Basu A., Banerjee S. (2010). Indigenous ornamental fish resources of
Darjeeling district.
8. Saha D. (2005). Utilization of waste water wetland – a biological module for its
conservation. In Compendium Pub. By Zoological Survey of India, Alipore, Kolkata.
9. Seafood Exporters’ Association of India. (2011- 12). Annual Report. 42nd Annual General
Meeting.
10. Sinha M., Mahapatra B.K., SahaD., Maitra N. (2014). Mass scale seed production of
Magur, Clarias batrachus at farm level through improvised modifications. International
Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 2(2): 210- 214.
11. West Bengal Coastal Area Development Project. Inception Phase Concept Paper.
Available at enrap.org.in/PDFFILES/IFADprojectinceptioPaper_Final_MainTxt.pdf.
12. West Bengal State Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan. (2002). Department of
Environment, Government of West Bengal.
Table 6.10: Export of Fish (Quantity in MT and value in Rs. crore)
Year Exported
Item Frozen shrimp
Frozen Fish
Frozen Cuttlefish
Dried items
Live items
Chilled items
Others
2011-12 Quantity 26566.00 8244.00 2614.00 4665.00 1382.00 9329.00 247.00
Value 1290.42 141.91 29.57 46.33 27.83 56.07 2.37
2012-13 Quantity 30004.00 8526.00 3343.00 8853.00 1618.00 14278.00 3.19
Value 1336.28 152.93 68.99 82.63 44.20 133.38 0.67
96
CHAPTER VII
FOREST AND ALLIED PRODUCTS
7.1 Overview of Forests in West Bengal
Forest is the father of land biodiversity. Forest provides important resources for the mankind to
survive. People depended heavily on forest for food, fodder, building materials, medicines etc.
from the very beginning of the civilization. West Bengal has different varieties of forests. It
includes the sub-alpine, temperate and subtropical forests in the Himalayan region within
Darjeeling district having trees like Rhododendrons, conifers like Silver Fir (Abies alba), Hemlock
(Tsuga sp.), Pines (Pinus palustris) etc and broadleaved species such as, Oaks (Quercus velutina),
Laurels (Laurus nobilis), Katus (Castanopsis), Birch (Betula pendula) etc., and tropical moist
deciduous and semi-evergreen forest in the foothills of the Himalayas with Sal (Shorea robusta)
and its associates and the dry deciduous Sal and miscellaneous forests in the western lateritic
zone. The most common species in the plains of North Bengal and south western tract is the
Sal. Around one third of the world’s largest mangrove forest, the Sundarbans, is also located in
the south-eastern part of the state in the districts of South 24 Parganas and the North 24
Parganas. High rainfall and rich soil make home for wide varieties of flora and fauna in the
forests of the state. The state has five national parks and ten wild life sanctuaries, though total
coverage under the forest is only 14 per cent of the land mass compared to national average of
23 per cent. Major forests are available in the Indian Sundarbans in the south, the Himalayas in
Darjeeling district and sub-Himalayan foothills and plains in Jalpaiguri and Coochbehar districts
and western part of the state covering West Medinipur, Bankura, Birbhum, Bardhaman and
Purulia districts. All these regions are rich in bio-resources.
7.2 Forest Based Bio-Resources The resources which are available from forests have been traditionally classified into major and
minor forest produces. Major forest produce generally includes round timber, sawn timber,
poles, roughly fashioned timber, like clogging sleepers, charcoal, plywood and pulp wood.
Whereas minor forest produce, known as Non-Timber Forest Produces (NTFP) includes all other
non-wood and non-timber forest produce such as medicinal plants and products there from like
catechu, wood-oil, resin, natural varnish, bark, lac, flower and seeds of sal, mahua and other
species, decorative parts of plants, grasses, creepers, reed and moss; silk, cocoon, honey and
wax etc. The list of important NTFPs of the state is shown in Annexure 7.1. Roots, barks, leaves
etc of large number of plants have medicinal use and all such plants, commonly known as
medicinal plants, is a major and important forest resource regularly collected and used in
97
Ayurvedic and Unani medicines and in cosmetic industries. Total amount of forest and allied
produces, as mentioned in this chapter is around Rs. 3,235 crore.
7.3 Methodology
Apart from accessing available secondary data including published reports, much of the
information on forest based bio-resources have been collected through interaction with the
District Forest Officers, Range Officers, Beat Officers and some of them were also separately
interviewed for in depth understanding of the produces and the marketed volumes. A couple of
Forest Range Offices were separately visited. It was easier to collect information on major
forest produces like timber since the entire marketing is done by the West Bengal Forest
Development Corporation.
Collecting data for NTFP has been more difficult. Data for these produces have been collected
from all possible sources, starting from the State Medicinal Plants Board and the West Bengal
Tribal Development and Finance Corporation which deals with some of the minor forest
produces, at the state level up to the Forest Protection Committees (FPCs) at the village level.
Some of the studies conducted for the Sundarbans and North Bengal forests have also been
useful in identifying the NTFPs71. Other secondary data on NTFP consulted has been mentioned
at the end of this chapter, which has helped to identify the bio-resources but those were of
little use to quantify the volume of trade.
The research team visited some of the FPCs and had interactions with their members to have
an estimate of NFTPs collected from the forests and how those are marketed. Some of the
produces like medicinal plants and Sabai grass are also grown outside the forests and similarly
honey is also collected from outside the forest areas. Information was collected by visiting
those areas and collecting information from some key informants. A number of forest produce
based industries were also visited for more specific information. Attempt was made to track the
entire supply chain and consumption pattern of medicinal plants by industries. Such produces
are traded by individual persons in different locations though there is some concentration of
such traders in Burrabazar area of Kolkata. However, little information could be collected by
meeting some of those traders. A good quantity of medicinal plants are collected clandestinely
and traded. The other difficulty is that the inputs to industries are sourced from West Bengal as
well as adjoining states like Jharkhand and share of West Bengal of these produces is much less
compared to those sourced from elsewhere. It has also become difficult to assess the produces
sourced from West Bengal. Because of these it was difficult to quantify tradable volume of 71 Dhaundiyals S - NTFP in Buxa Tiger Reserve along with their harvest, season and Uses; Vyas P. - Biodiversity
Conservation in Indian Sundernban in the Context of Anthropogenic Pressure and Strategies for Impact Mitigation
98
medicinal plants grown within the state. Total volume and value of different types of forest
based produces along with a few commodities, which are produced from both within and
outside forests are presented below.
7.4 Major Forest Produce - Timber
Among major forest produces, the most important is timber. Timber grows naturally all over
the state and is also raised as plantation crops. The most important naturally grown timber
specie is Sal, extensive forests of which exist in the plains and foothills of North Bengal. Teak/
Segun (Tectona grandis) was planted in fairly large scale in the past, as a result of which some
quantities of this quality timber also flow to the market, mainly in sawn form or as plywood, ply
veneers. Total production and value of timber and wood based products of the state harvested
and marketed by the WBFDC is given in the table below72.
Table 7.1: Total production and value of timber and wood based products of the state
Sl. No. Item Quantity Rate (Rs.) Total value (Rs. lakh)
1. Round timber 28,389 cu.m 30,000 8519.40
2. Sawn timber 4,561 cu.m 60,000 2736.60
3. Poles 10,70,620 Nos 200 2141.24
4. Cogging sleeper 18,13,600 Nos 80 1450.88
5. Pulp wood 92,122 cu.m 3,000 2763.66
6. Fire wood 56,263 cu.m 2,000 1125.26
Total 187,37.04
Trees grown outside the forest are also extensively used to meet the demand of timber in the
state. Direct estimation of total traded volume of timbers collected from outside the forest or
fire wood sold is very difficult. However, an indirect estimate can be made from the total stock
of available timber outside the forest. Forest Survey of India (FSI) has estimated, over the years
the Growing Stock of forests and treelands outside forests in all the states of India. The results,
as published in India State of Forest Report 2013, indicate that the total Growing Stock in
recorded forest area in West Bengal is 83.31 million cu.m, whereas the Growing Stock for trees
outside forests (TOF) is 41.74 million cu.m. TOF thus has a potential production of timber. The
FSI has also estimated a quantum of 33.51 million cu.m. of GS in Agro forestry systems in the
state. They have further estimated total timber and fire wood available in the state annually to
be 1.436 million cu.m, and 0.529 million cu.m respectively73. From the State Forest Report
2011-12 of West Bengal, it is found that there were 1531 nos. of sawmills and other wood-
based industries in the state with a total installed capacity of 2.408 milliion cu.m. From personal
communication with the officials concerned it is learnt that the number has grown to 2,108. It
72
Information received from the W.B.Forest Development Corporation 73
Forest Survey of India: Annual State of the Forest Report, 2011
99
may be interesting to note that the Supreme Court has restricted the number of such units to
2,296 with an annual capacity of 1.425 million cu.m. If these run at 50% of installed capacity,
the requirement of timber for these would be 1.204 mcm. So, the estimate of total production
of timber, out of TOF is to be around 1.4 million cu.m seems reasonable. Price of timber from
TOF, being less compared to forest species, it is estimated to be Rs. 20,000/- per cu.m and total
annual traded value comes to around Rs 2,800 crore. In respect of fire wood assuming a price of
Rs 2,000/- per cu.m, the rate at which WBFDC is selling timber, the total annual turnover comes
to Rs 106 crore. Thus, total volume of traded timber, fire wood and other products mentioned
in the table above comes to around Rs 3093.37 crore.
7.5 Non-Timber Forest Produce (NTFP)
Non-timber forest produces, also known as minor forest produces, are of many types of and are
used as food, fodder, medicinal plants, input for industries and in some cases for decorative
purpose. NTFPs provide livelihood to many poor households in different ways.
An innovative NTFP based income generating activity at Biharinath Hills in Bankura district
‘Biharinath Parbat’ is a forest mouza located in Tuluri Beat under Saltora Range of Bankura (North) Division. It is
endowed with a forest having only Bel (Aegle marmelos) trees on account of a specific microclimatic variation in
this location. The area is around 1,000 hectares and there are about 5,000 Bel trees in this forest. The trees are of
short height and the fruits are also of small size. There is a Forest Protection Committee named Biharinath Parbat
FPC. The Committee has 268 families, out of which, about 100 families remain engaged in an interesting pursuit
during mid July to mid August (Bengali month of Sravan), when Bel leaves are in extensive use for worship of Lord
Shiva. Around five members from each of these families make a trip daily to the forest and each member collects
one sac-load of Bel leaves for which they are paid Rs. 60/- each. Thus, each family earns Rs. 9000/- during the
month and the total earning of the 100 families work out to Rs 9 lakh. This way a substantial income accrues to the
FPC members in a short period. There are around 3000 trees which bear good amount of fruit, which are collected
by people from outside the village who are skilled in processing these and making garlands out of these, which also
have a market among the religious persons. The FPC collects Rs. 25/- per tree and that generates an additional
income of Rs. 75000/- for them.
Source: Centre for Biosocial Advancement on behalf of the Dept of Development & Planning, Govt of WB. ‘Study on Impact of Forestry on the Livelihood Pattern of People in the districts of Bankura and Malda and the scope of its enhanced role' in 2006.
NTFPs of the state which are most important from trade point of view are the following.
Medicinal Plants
Honey and wax
Kendu Leaf
Sal leaf
Sabai grass, Citranella grass
Lac
Sal seed, Mahua seed, Mahua flower
100
Medicinal plants are one of the most important NTFPs. However, plenty of medicinal plants are
also available outside forests and hence, this has been discussed separately in the next chapter.
7.5.1 Honey and Wax
Honey and wax are grown naturally by the honey-bee in large forest area. For assessment of
availability of honey and wax the bee-keepers association was consulted and data was also
collected from the Forest Department. Tradable volume and money value of honey is given
below:
Table 7.2: Total production and value of timber and wood based products of the state
Sl No. Item Quantity traded Rate Money value
1. Honey 5,000.0 MT Rs. 1,50,000 /MT Rs 75.00 Crore
2. Wax 250.0 MT Rs. 2,50,000 /MT Rs 6.25 Crore
A good number of flowering trees and plants in the forests induce honey-bee to live and form
honeycomb. One important source of honey in the state is the Sundarbans for which permit is
issued to the collectors by the Forest Department. Honey is also collected by keeping boxes in
villages near the forest areas of Sundarbans.
Honey Collected from the Sundarbans
Around 100 bee-keepers collect honey from Sundarbans regions of the state every year by putting their boxes in
villages which are separated from the forests by narrow creeks, over which the honey-bee can fly to reach the
forest. The number of boxes which are used to collect honey are around 20,000 in Hingalgunj block (Samsernagar
village of Kalitola GP and Hemnagar village of Jogesjgunj GP); 30,000 in Gosaba block (in villages within Kumirmari,
Mollakhali, Satjelia, Lahiripur, Gosaba, Rangabelia and Bali II GPs); 5000 boxes in Jharkhali GP of Basanti block and
another few thousands boxes in Kakdwip and Namkhana blocks. Total around 56,000 to 60,000 boxes are deployed
between mid-Februrary to mid-April when Goran and Kholsa trees have flowers. The honey-bees collect honey
mostly from forest and a part is also collected from the flowering crops in nearby fields and thus the honey
produced in these boxes is mixed types. Total honey collected annually is around 1500 MT, which is traded at
around Rs 22.5 crore with market price of Rs 150/kg74
. Honey is also collected by ‘Moule’, the traditional honey
collectors who take license from the Forest Department and sale the same to the Forest Deptt. Total honey sold by
Forest Department, collected from Sundarbans and elsewhere through the WBFDC is 39,150 kg, which is sold @
Rs. 222/- per kg and total amount comes to Rs 86.91 lakh.
Honey is also cultivated by private individuals through honey-bee boxes. The boxes are kept in
areas during flowering season of crops like mustard, litchi, mango etc. The areas where such
collections are made are predominantly Murshidabad, South and North 24 Parganas, Bankura
etc. Small amount of honey, known as Putka honey and is produced by a small type of honey
bee, is collected in Darjeeling district. Honey is used for preparation of Ayurvedic medicines,
personal consumption as well as to some extent for religious purposes. The raw honey is de-
waxed and refined and the wax is available as a by-product. 74
Information gathered from Mr Kanal Lal Sarkar, an employee of Rangabelia Tagore Society, Gosaba.
101
7.5.2 Sabai Grass and Citronella Grass
The Forest Protection Committees are allowed to cultivate Sabai grass on forest land in the
fringe area of forest. The same is also cultivated in fallow and infertile land in the western
plateau areas of Purulia, West Medinipur and Bankura. Sabai grass is used for making ropes.
Cultivation or and collection of Sabai grass and making ropes or other value added products are
important source of livelihood of the people living in areas within parts of Jhargram subdivision
of West Medinipur, Khatra sub-division of Bankura and the blocks of Purulia adjoining
Jharkhand, where such grass is grown. Ropes are brought to local haats from where the traders
purchase the same and are mostly taken out of the state for making cots. About 1,250 MT Sabai
grass and 195 MT of Sabai ropes are sold annually in the markets of the Sabai growing areas,
the total value of which comes to around Rs. 35 crore.
Citronella grass is grown mostly in Jalpaiguri district and oil is extracted from the grass by the
Forest Department. The annual production is around 100 litre, only the price of which is Rs 15
lakh (at the rate of Rs. 1,500 per litre). The oil is used mainly as insect repellent.
Quantity of Sabai grass and rope and Citronella oil produced and traded is given in the table
below:
Table 7.3: Data on Quantity of Sabai grass and rope and Citronella oil
Sl. No. Item Quantity traded Rate (Rs per kg) Money value (Rs. crore)
1. Sabai grass 1250 MT 18 22.5
2. Sabai rope 195 MT 65 12.7
3. Citranella oil 100 litre 1,500/litre 0.2
7.5.3 Kendu Leaf
Kendu leaf is used to roll bidi. Kendu leaf is collected by the members of Forest Protection
Committees (FPCs) and sold through LAMPS only. Data on trade of Kendu leaves has been
collected from the West Bengal Forest Development and Finance Corporation, which is the
state level apex body for LAMPS. The same is given in Table 7.4 below.
Table 7.4: Data on trade of Kendu leaves
Item Quantity traded Rate Money value
Kendu leaf 6,000 Quintals Rs. 30.00 1.8 Crore
7.5.4 Sal Leaf
Sal leaves are collected from forest by the FPCs during the period from Mid March to Mid June.
A small part of the collected leaves are used locally by small vendors for wrapping ready to eat
food or other edible items like pan in the rural markets, mostly in areas adjoining Sal forests.
Remaining leaves are stitched in to plates, mostly by women, which provides livelihood to a
large number of poor families in those areas. In West Medinipur district, alone 55,957
102
households belonging to 1,149 FPCs within the four forest divisions are engaged in collection
and stitching of Sal leaves and around 8 lakh plates are prepared every day during the
collection season75. The stitched plates are moulded using machine to improve utility and value.
It is estimated that around 25 lakh moulded plates are produced per day in the entire state and
value of the same is around Rs. 17 crore per year.
7.5.5 Sal Seed, Mahua Seed, Mahua Flower
Sal seed, Mahua seed and Mahua flower are important bio-resources, which are abundantly
available in the forests. But none of these are used for commercial purpose. Sal seed had good
market but recently Sal seed could not be traded by the authority for lack of market. Mahua
seed is collected by the local people to extract oil for household use only. Mahua flower is used
as cattle fodder in the forest villages. Mahua flower contains good amount of fermentable
starch. Local people ferment Mahua flower to get alcohol locally. The Directorate of Excise was
contacted to get an estimate of availability and use of Mahua flower for preparation of spirit.
But no data was available from that source.
7.5.6 Lac
Lac is grown mostly in the district of Purulia on trees like Kusum, Palash and Kul. However, the
production of lac has declined in the recent past in that district. Lac is also being grown in West
Medinipur by cultivating Semialata Flamingia, which is known to be better host plant. Yield of
lac per tree of Kusum, Palash and Kool is around 10.5 kg per year. Total yield from these trees is
around 20.16 MT per year. Yield from Semialata Flamingia is 350 mg per plant and the
estimated production from these plants in West Medinipur is 14 MT per year. Average trading
price for lac is Rs. 180 per kg, which gives an annual turnover of Rs. 6.14 crore.
Cultivation of Semialata Flamingia Broodlack growing on the host plant
7.6 NTFPs of Protected Forest Areas NTFPs play a very important role in the conservation of Protected Areas by helping in
augmentation of the income of members of the Eco-Development Committees (EDCs), who are
75
Report collected from the four forest divisions within the district of West Medinipur.
103
entrusted with the upkeep and protection of these forests under the Joint Forest Management
system. The incidence of the NTFPS in both quantity and diversity is enormous due to the extra
protection received by these areas through strict enforcement of law. The poor members of the
EDCs are however allowed to collect and sell these for their daily sustenance although they
have no access to the major forest produce of these areas. In fact, no felling or extraction of
timber, firewood etc. is allowed here. Therefore, even though commercial exploitation of the
NTFPs for revenue is not done, these are nevertheless traded and the benefit flows to the
community for overall betterment and ecological restoration of the area. Another point to be
made is that this tradable commodity is actually finding way to the market.
NTFPs of Buxa Tiger Reserve
The Buxa Tiger Reserve is a vast store house of NTFP. The NTFP not only plays a significant role from the ecological
point of view but also has great potential in uplifting village economy. The fringe people around the forest of Buxa
Tiger Reserve are directly or indirectly benefited by NTFP through collection and selling it in local market. People of
Jayanti are extracting 35 species of plants of commercial importance to maintain their livelihood. Quantitatively
Broom stick, Bet leaf, Golden Mushroom, Tanki fruit, Dhundul chhobra (fibrous mesocarp) and Narikeli fruit are
harvested in more than one lakh (1,00,000) pieces and more than one lakh kgs harvested products are Ritha, Bet
fruit, Phirphire fruit, Sikakai fruit and Lali fruit. However, in terms of cost, Chilauni fruit and leaf of Basak are
recorded the highest price of Rs. 200 per kg. Gross annual income of NTFP harvesters is around Rs.57,68,870/-
(Rupees Fifty Seven Lakh Sixty Eight Thousand Eight Hundred Seventy only). Monthly average income is recorded
as Rs.2,716/- per family. Per capita daily income among the NTFP harvesters from this resource is Rs.18.40/-. As
per state average most of the NTFP harvesting families are enjoying better life, taking into consideration
Rs.350.17/- as the demarcation of Below Poverty Line (BPL). 11 (Eleven) SHGs (self Help Groups) have also been
formed in the area.
Source: Studies of Dhaundiyal S and Sarkar Animesh and Das A.P mentioned in the reference in this chapter.
References:
1. Centre for Biosocial Advancement on behalf of the Department of Development &
Planning. (2006). Study on impact of forestry on the livelihood pattern of people in the
districts of Bankura and Malda and the scope of its enhanced role. Government of West
Bengal.
2. Government of West Bengal. (2011-12). The state forest report.
1. Sarkar A., Das A.P. (2012). Contribution of forest flora in rural livelihood: a study of
Jayanti, Buxa Tiger Reserve, West Bengal, India. Pleione 6(1): 132 – 140
104
CHAPTER VIII
MEDICINAL PLANTS
8.1 Introduction Plants synthesize wide variety of chemical compounds to influence important biological
functions. People identified various uses of plants for more than 2000 years and the traditional
knowledge has grown over the years, which helped use of plants for therapeutic purposes. The
Indian System of Medicine, especially Ayurveda and Unani use a good number of plants and
herbs. The ethnic people of South West Bengal (mainly Santal) are known to depend on plants
and their parts to cure their health problems (Tripathy S. et al, 2013). Before introduction of
western system of treatment with modern medicines through advancement of modern
sciences, the Indian society was entirely dependent upon indigenous treatment which mainly
stood upon knowledge of medicinal property of plants. Use of such drugs has declined with
advancement in modern medicines based on chemical formulations. However, herbal remedy is
still quite popular to a section of the people and there is also renewed emphasis for using
plants based products as medicines including cosmetics, which are likely to have less adverse
effects on the human body. Approximately 150 species of medicinal plants are in common use,
and of these 45 are heavily used in traditional healthcare systems (ibid.). Ghosh (2008) has
identified 46 medicinal plants in use in the west Rarrh regions of the state. 43 ethno-medicinal
plants of Bankura district, West Bengal, India belonging to 24 families were used by the local
health healers for the treatment of different diseases (Sinhababu A and Banerjee A, 2013).
Another study in Coochbehar district found 46 plant species belonging to 42 genera and 27
families in use by the tribal population of that that district for treating 33 various physical
ailments (Datta T et al, 2014). In order to preserve the traditional knowledge of use of plants as
source of active ingredients for preparation of medicines and to cultivate plants on commercial
basis to ensure supply of medicinal plants to pharmaceutical companies, the National Medicinal
Plants Board was established in 2000 by the GOI. The Government of West Bengal has also set
up State Medicinal Plant Board under the Department of Health & Family Welfare. Therefore,
inventory of medicinal plants available along with their current use and possible potential
becomes an important part of the study on bio-resources of any state. The forest of the state is
a rich reserve of medicinal plants. But a small share of the reserve is collected for trading
purposes. Some of the plants with medicinal use are cultivated outside the forest. It is very
difficult to estimate the total value of medicinal plants which is traded in the state. However,
the best estimate puts the figure at around Rs. 55 crore per annum.
105
8.2 Methodology
Collection of data on trade of medicinal plants has been very difficult. The trade is highly
unorganized and has wide seasonal variation. Big Pharma companies collect their requirements
from traders who source the materials from outside the state to a substantial extent. They
were reluctant to share the data and wherever some data was available the portion sourced
from within the state was not known precisely. Therefore, the study had to rely more on
primary data. The team has also collected feedback from the FPC members of West Medinipur
and North Bengal forests. The research team tried to assess the market volume and value of
medicinal plants for which the entire supply chain was traced. Discussion was held with the
collectors of plants, local dealers and the wholesale dealers in Kolkata. The Director of the State
Medicinal Plants Board, Controller of Drugs were also consulted for an estimation of tradable
volume and approximate money value of the medicinal plants used by the pharmaceutical and
cosmetic industries. The main impediment of assessment of tradable volume and cost of
medicinal plants is that the industries, as well as the dealers are quite reluctant to share
information with the members of the team. There is no secondary source or data from any
Government department. Even the Director, Drugs Control could not provide any such data, as
data on intake of medicinal plants by the industries is never required by the Drugs controller.
The State Medicinal Plants Board, however, has data of consumption of medicinal plants by the
industries, which is placed at Annexure 8.1. The research team could identify 219 Ayurvedic
drug manufacturers and 6 Unani drug manufacturers, but they do not have information on
consumption of medicinal plants from West Bengal. Therefore, the volume of trade has to be
assessed totally from the field level data. The team collected information from each district
from people who are knowledgeable on this matter and also visited certain pockets, which are
mostly in forest fringe areas, from where medicinal plants are sourced and tried to get the best
estimate of the amount traded. It has been estimated that around Rs 25 crore worth of
medicinal plants are traded every year. Actual trade of such products could be more since some
of the medicinal plants are cultivated in the fields outside the forest, which could not be
captured and a part of the collection of medicinal plants from the forests is believed to be
carried out clandestinely, which could not be estimated.
8.3 Collection of data from the Forest Protection Committees (FPCs)
During in-depth discussion with the forest department officers, members of the Forest
Protection Committees and traders of medicinal plants, it transpired that the FPC members
collect medicinal plant parts like leaf, bark, fruit, creeper and seeds from the fringe area of
forests only as demanded by the local dealers. Much of the potential resources remain
untapped because of lack of steady demand. A detailed study of medicinal plants collected and
sold from Goaltore region of West Medinipur district illustrates the diversity of medicinal plants
and related dynamism of collection and marketing of medicinal plants.
106
8.3.1 Medicinal Plants Collected from a Typical Forest Area (Goaltore Region) Medicinal plants are collected from Goaltore region of West Medinipur. The research team had
a day long interaction with the members of the FPCs of that area, who assembled for the
meeting, to get a feel of the dynamics relating to collection and trade of medicinal plants.
Representatives from Dulduli FPC, Murakati FPC, Shaluka FPC, Dudhpatri FPC and Babuibasa
FPC were present in the meeting. Sri Samir Mahato of Dulduli Forest Protection Committee
expressed during probing interview that the
medicinal plants or the leaves, barks, roots,
whole plants are collected from the fringe area
of the forest. A small portion of the collected
plants is sold to local ayurveda practitioners- the
kavirajs, the Ojhas & Gunins. The rest portion is
sold to the wholesale traders in Goaltore. The
medicinal plants do not have any support price
and therefore the collected plants are sold to
get whatever amount is paid. He mentioned
that about a quintal of Kalmegh (Andrographis panichulata) leaf is collected per month and sold
to the local traders. Satmul (Asparagus racemosus), Bahera (Belleric Myrobalan), Nayantara
(Catharanthus Roseus) are also collected as per demand of the local traders. Sri Subal Mal of
Murakati Forest Protection Committee expressed that he does not know the names, used by
urban folk, of the plants collected. They can identify by local names only. As for example
Nishinda(Vitex Negundo) is locally known as Begna pata. The members of Murakati Forest
Protection Committee collect 150 kg of Begna pata per month and the stock is sold to traders.
Sri Sanjay Bhunia of Shaluka Forest Protection Committee told that the members of their Forest
Protection Committee collect Bahera,
Haritaki, Belera, Bonkutli, Banda lata [Rasna-
a kind of orchid-(Pluchia lanceolata)],
Gulancha(Gulancha tinospora). Bahera, Bel
[wood apple]. Chaula and Gulancha are the
major items for trade and are collected in
good quantity. Sri Palash Chongdar of
Dudhpatri Forest Protection Committee told
that a Forest Protection Committee consists of 25 to 150 families. Members of Dudhpatri Forest
Protection Committee collect Bahera, Gulancha, Begnapata, Chaula, Kantikari and Kalmegh.
The members of the FPC also get job of plantation in forest areas. Babuibasa FPC mentioned
that despite huge reserve of medicinal plants in the forest, they do not collect medicinal plants
for low price of the materials. During discussion with them, it appeared that though available in
Meeting the FPC representatives at Goaltore
Samples of Medicinal Plants
107
abundance, Sal seed and Kendu leaf were not collected during the year 2014-15, as there was
no market.
8.4 Cultivation of Medicinal Plants Cultivation of medicinal plants for commercial purposes is still quite limited. The study team
could not find large chunk of cultivation with established marketing and production linkage. In
fact absence of such linkage stands in the way of cultivation of medicinal plants in commercial
scale. However, in a study in Birbhum district, it was found that cultivation of medicinal crop is
very remunerative. The study observed high productivity of Aloe Vera. 170.62 tonnes in three
years with a return of Rs. 7,19,000 per year per hectare (Biswas, 2010). The study also found
successful cultivation of drumstick, which is used both as vegetable and as medicinal plant.
However, it was not possible to study cultivation of medicinal plants within the scope of this
study.
Reported gap between demand and supply of some of the medicinal plants
The research team met some of the traders who have mentioned that there is substantial gap between demand
and supply of certain medicinal plants, which includes a few varieties of plants cultivated outside forest areas.
These are bahera, bel, kalmegh, thankuni (Centella asiatica), brahmi(Bacopa Monnieri), ekangi(kaempfaria
galang), manjishtha(Rubia cordifolia), soti(Kurkuma zedoaria), latakushmi and current annual trade of these
products is of the order Rs 110 lakh. Shortfall in last financial year in Thankuni, Nir Brahmi, Ekangi, Manjistha and
Soti production was almost 50 percent, 20 percent, 20 percent, 25 percent and 25 percent respectively. Cultivation
of these medicinal Plants is affected due to excessive use of pesticides. Nir Brahmi is cultivated in the fields in
between two cropping seasons. It is also cultivated in wet/waste land. Use of pesticide in the field for the major
crops (rice) has greatly affected the yield of Nir Brahmi. Manjistha is found in the few places in Darjeeling (West
Bengal). Ekangi is cultivated in Malda and Murshidabad districts of West Bengal. According to them, Ekangi
cultivation in West Bengal has largely increased in recent years and is being traded upto 1000 tons, which is
generating big revenue in the market. Ekangi is exported from Bengal to Sri Lanka, China and other South-East
Asian countries. During field visit any major source from where such huge quantity of Ekangi is collected and
marketed could not be noticed and the same require further probing.
8.5 Collection of data from Traders A meeting of the main traders of medicinal plants of West Medinipur was organized with the
support of the Divisional Forest Officer to get an estimate of the total volume and value of
trade76. They had expressed that the medicinal plants are purchased from the Forest Protection
Committees and then the plant parts are cut and processed. The leaves, barks, roots are
sundried and then kept in the godown. They have to maintain registers of stock as these are
forest produce and the local Forest Department Officers inspect the Registers intermittently.
76
Sri Asok Kumar Dan, Sri Paban Kumar Mallik, Sri Rabindra Nath Dan and Sri Gunadhar Dutta are the leading traders of West Midnapore, with whom the team interacted.
108
The stock is sold in Posta of Burrabazar in Kolkata77. The main impediment of trade in medicinal
plants is that the demand is irregular. In some year there exists demand for a particular plant,
but in the subsequent year(s) demand for the said plant may not be there. Forest Department
has a manufacturing plant to prepare ayurvedic formulations using medicinal plants collected
by the Forest Department and these are sold in the name and style of ‘BANAJA’. The quantity of
produce collected by the only manufacturing unit is, however, very little. Consumption of
Medicinal Plants (in kg) by different Manufacturing Unit in West Bengal is given in Annexure
8.1.
8.6 Export of Medicinal Plants
Export of medicinal plants requires lot of licensing and certificate from the Forest Department
that these are not grown within forest. The study team could
locate only one unit in Jalpaiguri district, called Anirban Herbal,
which cultivates Serpentina and export the same. That requires
Importer Exporter Code (IEC) from the office of the Director
General Foreign Trade. The unit has also obtained certificates
for maintaining standards as per the National Programme for
Organic Production (NPOP), India and the National Organic
Programme (NPO) Technical Standarads (USA). The unit cultivates serpentine roots (Rauwolfia
spp.), also known as Sarpagandha, on 0.88 Ha and exports around 1.8 MT of roots every year.
The stringent requirement for export has prevented more entrepreneurs to establish such units
and probably there is no other such producing unit in the state, which exports organic
medicinal plants78.
8.7 Total Trade of Medicinal Plants Total value of medicinal plants which are traded in the state has been estimated by the number
of truck loads of medicinal plants which are brought for trade. Commonly traded medicinal
plants of the state are Sarpagandha (Rauvolfia serpentine), Aswagandha (Withania somnifera),
Chirata (Swertia chirayaita), Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula),
Bahera (Terminalia bellirica), Pippal (Ficus religiosa), Gulancha (Gulancha tinospora), Shatamuli
(Asparagus racemosus), Musraj, Chilauni, Basakia (Justica adhatoda), Bel, Neem (Azadirachta
indica), Arjun (Terminalia arjuna), etc. The trucks are occasionally loaded with various types of
medicinal plants. Average value of one truck load of medicinal plants generally varies from Rs
8.0 lakh to Rs 12.0 lakh. It is estimated, after discussion with traders of medicinal plants as well
as participants in various meetings with members of FPCs and key informants of North Bengal 77
The dealers of Kolkata are Morex India, 29 Netaji Subhash Road, Excel Drugs, 18B Sukesh Lane, Dutta Concern in Canning Street among others. 78
Discussion with Mr. Anirban Sengupta, proprietor of Anirban Herbals, Shilpa Samiti Para, Jalpaiguri.
Sarpagandha roots for export
109
and South Bengal that around 500 trucks loads of medicinal plants are traded annually. The
traded value is estimated to be around Rs. 55 crore per annum. Some of the medicinal plants
are reported to be traded illegally, which cannot be estimated. Actual trade of medicinal plants
may be even higher.
References:
1. Biswas B.C. (2010). Cultivation of medicinal plants. Success stories of two farmers.
Fertilizer Marketing news, 41(3): 1- 4.
2. Datta T., Patra A.K., Ghosh Dastidar S.(2014). Medicinal plants used by tribal population
of Coochbehar district, West Bengal, India – an ethnobotanical survey. Asian Pacific
Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 4(Suppl 1): 478- 482.
3. Ghosh A. (2008). Ethno medicinal plants used in West Rarrh region of West Bengal.
Natural Product Radiance, 7(5): 761- 765.
4. Tripathi S., Ray S., Mondal A.K., Verma N.K. (2013). Rare ethno medicinal plants of south
West Bengal, India with their different medicinal uses: Needs conservation.
International Journal of Bio Sciences, Bio Technology and Pharma Research, 2(2).
110
CHAPTER IX
BIO-RESOURCE BASED INDUSTRIES
9.1 Overview Bio-resources have an important role in the ecology as well as in the economy. Such resources
are used as raw material and are also exported in its original form with or without some basic
preservation to earn foreign exchange for the state as well as for the country. Often these get
processed resulting in change in form and the new product earns more value and can be put to
better use. A better understanding of the bio-resources used for industrial purposes and
related value addition is helpful in taking measures for sustainable use of the resources and
putting in place appropriate Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) mechanism for fair and equitable
sharing of the gains made in using the bio-resources with those associated with conserving and
supplying the same.
Capturing the entire chain of value addition and to quantify the same is very complex. This may
be illustrated for the case of paddy to have an idea of the complexity. The first stage of
processed entity from paddy is rice. Husk and bran are the most important byproducts of
converting paddy into rice. These are then used to produce rice bran oil and de-oiled rice cake.
There is substantial value addition by producing rice bran oil that takes place in rice mills
followed by oil mills (solvent extraction and refining plants). There are many other products
that are made from rice like puffed rice, snacks, sweets and savouries. Working out the value
chain for the bio-resources used for industries in the state has been limited within the purview
of the present study. However, because of the importance of the matter, some analysis of a few
important bio-resources like food processing, leather, jute etc, which are transformed to other
product through industrial processes for value addition, has been presented in this chapter
along with an inventory of companies and units in these sectors. These companies provide
employment to a large section of population with different skill levels.
9.2 Industry Sector - Food Processing
Food processing is the transformation of raw ingredients into food, or of food into other forms.
Food processing typically takes clean, harvested crops or butchered animal products and uses
these to produce attractive, marketable and often long shelf-life food products. The processed
food industry is divided into the following broad segments:
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• Primary processed food - which includes products such as fruits and vegetables, packed milk,
unbranded edible oil, milled rice, flour, tea, coffee, pulses, spices, and salt, sold in packed or
non-packed forms.
• Value-added processed food - which includes products such as processed fruits and
vegetables, juices, jams, pickles, squashes, processed dairy products (ghee, paneer, cheese, and
butter), processed poultry, and processed marine products, confectionary, chocolates, alcoholic
beverages etc.
Across the world, food-processing is considered to be a sunrise sector because of its large
potential for growth and socio-economic impact. Availability of raw materials, changing
lifestyles and appropriate fiscal policies have given a considerable push to the industry’s
growth. This sector serves as a vital link between the agriculture and industrial segments of the
economy.
In West Bengal, Food processing is one of the most important bio-resource based industries
due to high availability of raw material (like grains, fruits, vegetables, fish etc.) and manpower.
Improved technology can be a catalyst in transforming and taking this industry to the next level.
There are many organized units and companies in food processing industry. At the same time,
there is a large unorganized sector. Some salient points of this sector are-
In West Bengal, agriculture is the chief occupation of the people. It contributed 18.0 per
cent to the state’s GSDP in 2012-13.
Rice is the principal food crop of West Bengal. The state is the largest producer of rice in
India. In 2012-13, the total production of clean rice was around 15.0 million tonnes.
Other major food crops in the state include potato, jute, sugarcane, coconut and tea.
2nd largest producer in potato and litchi; largest producer of pineapple.
Leading manufacturer of tea.
Leading exporter of flowers.
Largest brackish-water resources for shrimp farming and a leading exporter of shrimps
from India.
Medium, Small & Micro Enterprises (MSME) sector contributes about Rs. 4,600 crores of
trade in Food Processing. There are 1900 units with annual turnover of more than Rs. 10
lakhs in West Bengal.
There are 2.9 lakh people working in Food Processing industry in West Bengal.
There are about 1,018 rice mills in the state (of which about 300 rice mills are closed).
112
Edward Food Research and Analysis Centre Limited, a first-of-its-kind food testing,
research & analysis laboratory in Eastern India has been set up at Barasat.
Names of the big companies having manufacturing units in Food Processing in Howrah are
given in Table 9.1.
Table 9.1: List of Food Processing Companies in Howrah
Name of the Company Product
Frito Lays India, Sankrail Potato Chips
Epic Agro Pvt. Ltd Biscuits
SAJ Industries Limited, Uluberia Cakes & Biscuits
Ganesh Wheat Products, Sankrail Wheat Items
Thacker Dairy, Andul Milk Products
MPS Food Products Spices
Rollick Ice Cream Ice cream
Monginis Bread
Names of the big companies having manufacturing units in Food Processing in South 24
Parganas are given in Table 9.2.
Table 9.2: List of Food Processing Companies in Howrah
Name of the Company Product
Dabur Pvt Ltd Chyawanprash
Bharat Margarine Ltd Bakery, Refined veg. oil
Pureline Foods Milk based product
Kwality Ice cream (India) Ltd, Ice cream
Britannia Industries Ltd, Taratala Biscuits
Monorch (India) Pvt. Ltd Biscuits
Swadist biscuits Ltd Milk products
Eastern Bakeries Pvt Ltd Cakes & Pastries
IFB Agro Industries Fish Processing
RASOI LIMITED Hydrogenated oils & vanaspati ghee,
Pepsico India Holding Pvt. Ltd. RTs Beverages
Raja Udyog Pvt. Ltd. Biscuits
Gem Refineries P Ltd. Veg oil
9.3 Industry Sector: Rice based products – Rice Bran Oil The installed capacity of Rice bran oil in West Bengal is about 318,000 MT annually. However,
due to inadequate demand of rice bran oil as edible oil, the production stands at about 140,000
– 145,000 MT annually. Estimated tradable value of rice bran oil is Rs. 1,576 crores currently.
113
Solvent Extraction plants in West Bengal that produces rice bran oil are primarily located in
Burdwan district. There are also a few plants located in Hooghly, Birbhum, West Medinipur and
Uttar Dinajpur. Most of them sell the oil to bigger companies as they consider packaging and
marketing cost to be prohibitively high for them to sell under their own brand names.
Rice bran oil is very nutritious and healthy. If it is adequately promoted as healthy edible oil, its
potential tradable value can go as high as 3,260 crores annually.
A few big names in rice bran oil are -
Sethia Oils
Emami Bio Tech
Bharat Margarine Ltd.
Bansal Oil Extraction Pvt. Ltd
Vinda Basini Oils (P) Ltd.
Kalyani Solvex Pvt. Ltd
Ruchi Soya industries
A list of solvent plants and refineries are given in Annexure 9.1
A sector wise summary of Food processing industry is given below -
Segment Opportunity Market Structure Key Players
Fruits and
Vegetables
India is the world’s 2nd
largest producer of fruits
and vegetables. It is
expected that by 2025,
the processing will grow
to 25% from current 10%.
WB is 1st in vegetable and
7th in fruit production in
the country.
Market is divided between
organized and unorganized
participants.
Organized sectors mostly
produce juices and pulp
products; while unorganized
sectors have a foothold in
traditional areas like pickles,
sauces, squashes etc.
Mostly MSMEs. Big
companies include Frito
Lays, Pailan Food
Products, Haldiram,
Britannia Industries,
Dabur India.
Milk and
Dairy
India is the largest
producer of milk and milk
products. WB produces
about 4% of milk of the
country.
Market is dominated by
unorganized sector. There
are a few national and local
companies here.
National players like
Amul and Mother Dairy;
local players like Metro,
Amrit, Thacker Dairy,
Howrah Dairy Farm and
milk co-operatives and
unions like Kagshabati,
Haringhata etc. Hillman
Milk Foods Pvt. Ltd
makes paneer, curd etc.
114
Segment Opportunity Market Structure Key Players
Grains and
Cereals
WB is the largest rice
producer of India.
Market is controlled by
unorganized sector.
There are many rice
mills in the state (1018
mills) for converting
paddy into rice.
Cornflakes makers –H.R.
Food products, Swastik,
Tai Industries Ltd.,
Herald Food and
Commodities etc.
Oilseeds
and oil
Tradable value of oilseeds
is 4,749 crores. Price goes
up significantly when sold
as oil after value addition
(rice bran oil, mustard oil,
sesame oil etc.).
Market is dominated by
smaller companies and mills
(MSME).
There are many oil mills
in MSME sector that
produce mustard oil and
sesame oil. Major oil
manufacturers - Sethia
Oils, Emami Bio Tech,
Ruchi Soya etc.
Consumer
Food
Ready to eat packaged
foods – meals, snacks,
sweets, bakery items etc.
Huge opportunity to
boost this segment.
Market is dominated by
unorganized sector.
Mainly small groups.
Few big players like ITC,
Haldiram, Anmol
biscuits with
manufacturing units in
the state.
Processed
Meat
Processing units in this
segment is very few in
WB. Hence there is a
huge opportunity for
growth.
There are not many
companies in this segment –
organized or unorganized.
Key groups –Keventers,
Arambag Hatcheries etc.
Fish/Dry
Fish
Foreign Exchange
Earnings from export of
marine fish is over Rs.
700 crores. WB is the
leading shrimp exporter
and is in the 4th position
in export of sea food
products out of which
90% are shrimp.
Market is dominated by
unorganized sector. There
are a few large players here
involved in processing.
Key groups - BenFish,
IFB and Tribeni.
115
Annexure 9.2 has the list of large companies in Food Processing Industry.
A few other sectors which are small in terms of value but large in terms of livelihood potential
are covered below.
9.4 Processed Fish Fish is processed and sold or exported in the following forms:
• Processed and Canned Fish, Frozen (IQF) shrimps, canned shrimps/prawns and lobsters
Dried Fish
• Fish paste & fish pickle
There are around 52 M&SSE operating out of Kolkata, Howrah, 24 Parganas North & 24
Parganas South of which the major players are IFB Agro Industries limited, Unitriveni Overseas,
Nezami Rekha Seafoods Pvt. Ltd, Coreline Exports, Calcutta Sea foods Pvt. Ltd, Elque & Co. Bela
Park are a few to name79. The units are approved by the Export Inspection Council. Out of the
21 fish processing units approved in the eastern region 15 are located in West Bengal. The first
ever sea food processing zone was opened in the state of West Bengal in Chakgaria 24 Parganas
(South). This unit has 10 fully export oriented operational units. There are fish processing unit
at Junput and dry fish farm at Junput and Haripur.
In West Bengal processed fishes are available in two forms:-
Frozen fish which are mainly prepared for export purpose
More than 90 per cent contributed by shrimp
10 per cent contributed by pomfret, cat fish and hilsa
Ready to eat, ready to cook & ready to fry items are available from ----
The bigger companies involved in fish processing are:
1. BENFISH: It has mobile and stationary counters to sell various ready to eat products.
However it only depends on markets of Kolkata.
2. IFB: The Company with its different marketing strategy from BENFISH is able to serve
greater market. It prepared ready to cook products and these products are available in sub-
urban areas also. It supplies product to local restaurant, interested grocery shops with
frozen facilities. However the market is limited by geographical boundary of south Bengal.
3. TRIVENI: The Company supplies variety of fishes to hotels and restaurants on contract basis.
Their products are not likely available in stores. They prepare itemized value added fish
product for specific consumption.
79
Source: Food Processing Industries Survey, 2007 West Bengal
116
As per available information, presently 31numbers of fish processing factories are in operation
with daily processing capacity of 473 MT per day
9.5 Ayurveda and Unani Medicine Producing Units
The state has large number of units, big and small, producing ayurvedic and Unani medicines.
There are 219 Ayurvedic medicine manufacturers and 6 Unani medicine manufacturers in the
state the list of which is given in Annexure 9.3. Some of the units also manufacture cosmetics.
9.6 Industry Sector: Jute West Bengal is the pioneer and till now most important state in the country for
manufacturing of jute textiles. First jute mill was set up in 1859 at Rishra near Kolkata. Since
then a number of mills were established in and around Kolkata and the production was
increased rapidly. India became world leader in the production of jute textiles. There was a
decline after partition of the country since the jute growing area went mostly to present
Bangladesh. There has been further decline in total number of mills because several mills
became non functional and got closed and production of the running mills has remained
more or less stagnant during last 20 years. At present there are a total of 84 jute mills in
India, of which 64 are located in West Bengal. District-wise names of jute mills in West Bengal
are given in Annexure 9.4.
Location pattern - Jute textile industry in West Bengal is predominantly concentrated on the
banks of river Hooghly near Kolkata. Major centers of production are Naihati, Bhatpara,
Titagarh and Kamarhati in North 24 Parganas district; Bansberia, Baidyabati, Rishra and
Serampore in Hooghly district; Salkia and Uluberia in Howrah district and Budge Budge in
South 24 Parganas district.
West Bengal holds the first position in India in terms of production volume of Jute and Mesta
by contributing 75 percent of total country’s production. The total production of jute goods
in India was ~ 24 lakhs MT (April to March 2013-2014), of which, West Bengal produced ~19
lakhs MT, which is about 77 percent of the total production in India. The main products is
hessian for making gunny bags and the more value added products are floor coverings, hand
bags and shopping bags which has good export market. Internal consumption of gunny bag is
8.91 lakh MT, the value of which is Rs 2406.20 crore. Total export of jute products is shown in
Table 9.1.
Table 9.1: Export Data
Area Quantity (’000 MT) Value (Rs. Crores)
India 160.75 1992.0
West Bengal 124.42 1541.8
117
9.7 Industry Sector: Leather Cheap raw material, abundant water supply, skilled labours and low cost of operations are the
important factors that make West Bengal an attractive destination for leather based industries.
The state has about 500 tanneries; majority being tiny and small, with a capacity of processing
around 800 tonnes of raw material per day. Kolkata is the second most important tanning
centre of India; accounting for an estimated 22-25 per cent of the country’s tanning activity.
In Kolkata there are three important clusters, viz, Tangra (267 units), Tiljala (223 units) and
Topsia (48 units) as shown in Table 9.2. In these three belts many leather factories manufacture
leather products for domestic and international fashion labels including Couch, Debhams,
House of Frazers, Marks & Spencers and Gucci.
Table 9.2: Capacity, Production and Sourcing Information of West Bengal Leather Industry
No. of Tanneries Capacity No. of Units Outsourcing Brands
500 800 Tonnes per day
Tangra -267
Tiljala – 223
Topsia - 48
Couch, Bebhams, House
of Frazers, Gucci, Marks
& Spencers
The state’s export from Leather industry constitutes to 55 percent of India’s total leather goods
exports. Total revenue of Rs. 2,300 crore was generated from leather and leather goods exports
from Kolkata in 2010. West Bengal is the largest Indian exporter of leather goods and leather
gloves, which comprise 53.36 percent and 89.44 percent respectively of all India exports. As of
2010, the state had around 529 manufacturing units producing leather and leather goods.
Table 9.3: West Bengal’s Share in Leather Industry in export and Revenue
Total Good’s Export (%) Revenue Leather Gloves Export (%) 55 Rs. 2300 Crores 90
9.7.1 State-of-the-art Infrastructure
The Government of West Bengal has set up a state-of-the-art integrated leather complex
on the eastern fringe of Kolkata spreading over 1100 acres, where a large number of
tanneries located earlier within the city precincts have shifted and new investment interest
has been generated. West Bengal Leather Industrial Development Corporation provides
assistance to small & micro scale industries of the state for the development and marketing
of leather goods.
Annexure 9.5 provides a list of leather companies in West Bengal. The leading names in the
leather sector with manufacturing units in West Bengal include:
Bata India Ltd, one of the leading and the most popular shoe brands in the country.
It sells around 60 million shoes and exports around 3 million footwear each year.
118
Khadim Group is another prominent player in the footwear industry in West Bengal
and has 183 franchised outlets across the country.
Products made from leather (Illustrative List)
• Leather Shoes
• Leather handbags, wallets, belts and key holders
• Leather garments and clothing
• Manufacturing of machines to produce leather products
• Leather footwear components
• Leather Harness & Saddler
• Finished leather
• Leather furniture
• Leather Fashion Jewelries
• Leather chemicals
• Leather component and luggage bags
9.8 Industry Sector: Plywood
There are 10 plywood units with annual turnover of Rs. 10 crores located in North 24 Parganas.
These are primarily located in Bongaon, Habra II, Baduria and Amdanga blocks. They
manufacture ply wood, ply board and veneer sheet. There are some more factories in the
districts of Jalpaiguri, Alipurduar and SIliguri. List of the plywood industries is in Annexure 9.6.
9.9 Industry Sector: Cane & Bamboo Cane: There are 237 units (MSME) registered in Jalpaiguri district engaged in cane and related
activities and with reported installed capacity to produce goods worth Rs. 56 crores as reported
by the DICs. There is one such unit located in West Medinipur (Pingla).
Bamboo: The reports from the DICs also show that about 140 MSME units with reported
installed capacity of producing goods worth Rs. 9 crores are there in Jalpaiguri district which are
engaged in bamboo based activities like bamboo basket, handicrafts, crates and related
bamboo works. There are 8 MSME units in Hooghly, 2 units in Uttar Dinajpur and 260 units in
West Medinipur (turnover Rs. 2.09 crores). There are a few units in Mohanpur, West Medinipur
and Jalpaiguri that work in both cane and bamboo products.
119
CHAPTER X
WAY FORWARD
10.1 In-depth Understanding of the Bio-resources
This has been the first initiative to get an idea of the tradable bio-resources of the state, which
has tremendous importance in understanding the richness of the diversity and resources and
the potential that the various agro-climatic zone of the state offer. Bio-resources are strongly
related to livelihood as well as sustenance to life and the local community depends more on
local resources and the dependence is higher for the more marginalized section of the society.
Conservation and sustainable use of those resources as well as giving fair and equitable share of
the gains from exploiting the resources to those engaged in gathering or cultivating the bio-
resources is of great importance. Many of the bio-resources have also much importance in
providing livelihood and there are many species which are threatened which requires more in-
depth understanding of the issues specific to certain species. There is need for conducting more
specific studies for understanding various aspects of selected types of bio-resources of the state
through future studies. Keeping in mind the ABS potential the following 21 species have been
recommended for further studies.
Table 10.1: Species with High ABS Potential for Further Studies Sl. No. Name of the Species Value (in Rs crore)
1. Rice 34780.35 2. Potato 15106.80 3. Milk 13443.00 4. Shrimp (all types) 8215.00 5. Jute 5028.95 6. Tomato 3376.80 7. Mango 2940.00 8. Timber 2912.56 9. Mustard 1858.17
10. Sesame 1611.36 11. Wheat 1550.00 12. Red pepper 1170.00 13. Pineaple 930.00 14. Guava 828.00 15. Ginger 814.30 16. Tobacco 510.00 17. Turmeric 394.00 18. Maize 150.00 20. Hide and skin 60.00 21. Medicinal plants 55.00
Total 34780.35
120
10.2 Regular Data Collection from All Sources
There is need for regular collection of data on bio-resources for better understanding of various
aspects of production, trade, management, conservation of the resources and contribution of
specific resources to the economy. Further, industrial processing of the resources for value
addition as well as allowing more diversified uses requires collecting data from the industries.
Most of the bio-resources being captured or cultivated are in the unorganized sectors scattered
over wide area and there is hardly any arrangement for capturing data at any level. Most of
these resources are non-taxable and does not come under the purview to document trade of
any authority for keeping record of the same. Some of the government departments who
maintain data on promotion or export of bio-resources are also not concerned with the place of
origin of the material, which makes it difficult to have geographic area wise analysis. There is
need for sensitizing the government agencies of both the centre and the state governments on
keeping records of source of the materials they are dealing with and easier availability of the
data in future. The market authorities, trading bodies and manufacturers should also be
encouraged to maintain data for use by any public authority for proper understanding in
production, trade or other aspects of bio-resources for which they need to be oriented for
taking up those not under a any compulsion but as their responsibility as citizen or corporate
entities.
10.3 Capturing Data by State Government Offices Till now most of the data is available in various offices of the state governments, which has
been the source for many data used in this report. There is scope for improving their data base
keeping in mind the issues relevant for conserving and managing bio-diversity. In many
meetings at the district level in which District Magistrate and other senior officials participated
were very enthusiastic about identifying the bio-resources of the district and documenting
those. Their involvement in conservation and management of bio-resources can be crucial. The
district level and lower level field officials as well as the departments need to be sensitized on
different aspects of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and the Biological Diversity Rules, 2004 to
appreciate their roles including in proper documentation and sharing of data available with
them with the West Bengal Bio-diversity Board. At present data is captured by the district level
offices only for those which form part of a regular reporting mechanism. These are generally
the major bio-resources or which have some programme related reporting requirement. They
need to be sensitized in this respect to document all resources they are associated with even if
such data is not regularly asked for by the government and to improve the quality of the data.
10.4 Sensitizing the Local Governments
Though the responsibility of policy formulation and taking other related activities within the
existing legal framework including the Biological Diversity Act 2002 rests with the higher tiers of
121
the government the local community needs to take measures in conservation and sustainable
exploitation of the resources. Need for community ownership in conservation and exploitation
of bio-resources is generally well understood but this can be made operational only with
appropriate institutional mechanism. The Panchayats can play an important role in this respect
as already identified under the said Act. There is both lack of awareness and resources for
taking up activities at the local level including functioning of the Biodiversity Management
Committees (BMCs). The study team came across several chairpersons/members of the BMCs
who are highly motivated and keen in discharging their responsibilities. They need more
support from the West Bengal Biodiversity Board and there is need for establishing functional
BMCs covering the entire state. They should be also oriented and strengthened to generate
required data on bio-resources on a regular basis. There is strong need for building awareness
of the Panchayats and enabling them to own and conserve their bio-resources. Collection and
maintenance of data related to bio-resources is one important task which they need to perform
as a routine activity which needs strengthening through appropriate sensitization, capacity
building and funding.
10.5 Community Ownership and Involvement in Managing Bio-resources
It is ultimately the community who has the highest stake in proper conservation and
sustainable exploitation of the bio-resources. The community based organization and the
villagers in general need to be more sensitized to be able to appreciate the danger of dwindling
bio-diversity and sustainable use of available resources. The team came across nature clubs and
similar organization who are exceptionally devoted to the cause of conserving the nature and
partnership with such civil society organization will go a long way in management of bio-
resources and strengthening community involvement in that process.
122
ANNEXURE Annexure-1.1
Trade Bodies, Traders and Industries Representatives met by the Study Team
1. A.P.Deys Hatchery, Hooghly 2. Alipurduar Agriculture social Welfare Foundation 3. Alipurduar Court SanglagnaByabsayeeKalyanSamiti 4. AlipurduarManabikMukh 5. Alipurduar Nature Club 6. APD Avivabok 7. APD Chamber of Commerce & Industries 8. APD Nabarup Social Welfare Foundation 9. Aqua Tercaion by Exller Health Care Pvt. Ltd, Hooghly 10. Ayush Mushroom, Jalpaiguri 11. Baishali Fish & Feed, Bankura 12. Bankura Agro Processing Pvt. Ltd. (Manufacturing andTrading Sesame oil) 13. Bankura District Chamber of Commerce 14. BarasatMaataryAratdarKalanay, North 24 Parganas 15. BarobishaByabsaeeSamiti 16. Bazaar samiti in Mallickghat Flower Market, Byabsayeesamiti Task Force in SealdahKole market, Kolkata
etc. 17. Bengal Research & Chemical Laboratory, Howrah 18. Bharati Poultry, Bankura 19. Bina Saw Mill, Jalpaiguri 20. BirparaMarchants Welfare Association 21. BMC, Kalchini 22. BMC, Siliguri 23. ByabsayeeSamiti, Birbhum 24. CADC, Falakata Project, Jateswar 25. Cargill India Pvt. Ltd 26. Central Institute of Fresh Water Aquaculture, Nadia 27. Centre for the Development of Human Initiatives 28. Comprehensive Area Development Corporation, PurbaMedinipur 29. DakshinDinajpur Chamber of Commerce 30. DAMRI (NGO) 31. Darjeeling Chamber of Commerce 32. Darjeeling Wings Welfare Organisation 33. DCF&S, Darjeeling 34. Duck Feathers Association, Howrah 35. Economs Handicraft, Howrah 36. Exller health Care Pvt. Ltd 37. FalakataByabsayeeSamiti 38. Farmers club, North 24 Parganas 39. Financial Escort Service, Uttar Dinajpur 40. Fish Farmar, Hoogly 41. FisheryMan, Hasnabad Block, North 24 Parganas 42. Flower Cold Storage, PurbaMedinipur 43. GJ Poultry, Nadia 44. Glorious Agro Ind (Poultry), Bankura 45. GothraKhishiUnnayanSamiti, Nadia
123
46. Haldibari Regulated Market Committee 47. Hari Chand Mini Rice Mill, Jalpaiguri 48. Haringhata Meat Plant, Nadia 49. Hooghly Vegetable Growers Production Company Ltd 50. Indian Institute of Packaging 51. Indramani Mini rice Mill, Jalpaiguri 52. IX, ZARS, Krishnanagar, Nadia 53. Joy Bhavani Rice & Oil Mill, PaschimMedinipur 54. K.G.N Enterprise, North 24 Parganas 55. K.G.N Fish Suppliers, North 24 Parganas 56. Kishan Milk Union, Nadia 57. Kolaghat Flower Market, PurbaMedinipur 58. Koyel Tourism, B.M.O 59. KrishiSamobaysamiti, East medinipur 60. Krishna Horticulture, Jalpaiguri 61. Krishnanagar Poultry Farm, Nadia 62. LAMPS, Bankura 63. Layer & Broiler Farmar, A.P.Deys Hatchery, Hoogly 64. Livestock Meat plant, Haringhata Farm, Nadia 65. M/S Joy Bhavani Rice & Oil Mill, West Medinipur 66. Malda Industrial Chamber of Commerce, Malda 67. Mat Artisian of Narayani&YuvaUnnayanSanstha, PaschimMedinipur 68. Nadia District Chamber of Commerce & Industries 69. North bengalAgriHorti Laboratory, Jalpaiguri 70. P.M.F.W Association, PurbaMedinipur 71. PanishyaolaSamabayKrishiUnnayanSamity, Hooghly 72. Pat ShilpoSamabaySamity, P.L.T.D, Coochbehar 73. Patna bazar FP Group, West Medinipur 74. Phytochemical Complex, WBPPDC, Jalpaiguri 75. Pragi Edible Oil prossecing , West Medinipur 76. Prantik, Jute Product Trader, Howrah 77. Prince Food Products, Jalpaiguri 78. Rabbit Farmer 79. Raipur, DRMS Lamps, Bankura 80. RanaghatNawpara Social Welfare Society, Nadia 81. Ranaghat Poultry Farm, Nadia 82. Renewable Energy Development Authority, Murshidabad 83. SHG, Mandarpur, East Medinipur 84. Sara Bangla PhoolChasi o PhoolByabsayeeSamiti, PurbaMedinipur 85. Sarada Starch and Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. 86. Serampur Bio Vision, Hooghly 87. Siliguri Social Forestry 88. SNCADA (NGO) 89. Sonavets PVT. LTD, Jalpaiguri 90. State Poultry Farm Krisnanagar 91. Swastika Jute, Jute Product Trader, Howrah 92. Trishna Food Products, PaschimMedinipur 93. TufangunjAnwesha Welfare Society, Tfg. Cob, Coochbehar 94. Uttar BangaTeraiMahilaSamiti (UBTMS), Jalpaiguri 95. V.S.K.V.S, Hoogly 96. W.B.P.F Farmar, Hoogly 97. West Bengal Khadi& Village Industry Board 98. West Bengal Poultry Federation
124
99. Zoom Agro Input, Hooghly 100. ZARS, Krishnanagar
Other associations/industry bodies met
Indian Leather Product Association
Council for Leather Export
Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA)
Marine and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (MPEDA)
Bureau of Applied Economics and Statistics
Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCI&S)
WB Poultry Federation
Tannery Association
State Medicinal Plant Board
Tea Board
Office of the Jute Commissioner
Joint Director, Agri-Marketing
State Pollution Control Board
Annexure 1.2
Template for collecting Report
1. Name of the
bio-resource
(common name)
2. Category
(Agri/Horti/
Fishery etc.)
3. Place
(Sources,
where
available)
4. Natural
or
cultivated
5. Raw
(y/n)
6.
Processed
(name), if
applicable
7. Used
as
Factory
Input
(y/n)
8. Uses
(cosmetics/medicine/
leather/food etc.)
9. Production
volume
10. Percentage
exported out of
West Bengal from
district
11. Which
markets/haats
sold in
12.
Tradable
Volume
13. Rate per
Unit (Rs. Per kg
or lt or ton)
14. Total
Amount(rupees/
unit/annum)
15. Contact
of trader
125
Annexure 1.3
List of Markets visited
Bankura:
1. Chokbazar 2. Borro Bozar 3. Bhagwanpur More Bazar 4. Jhanti Pahari Chalk Bazar 5. Ola Dubrajpur Sabji Market 6. Bishnupur Chawk Bazar 7. Barjora Market
Burdwan:
1. Katwa Bazar 2. Bonkapashi (Shola Work) 3. Bhatar Market 4. Antpara Bazar 5. Raina Hat 6. Boro Bazar, Asansol
Hooghly:
1. Shibaichandi Vegetable Market 2. Sheorafuly Vegetable Market 3. Arambagh Bazar 4. Tarakeshwar Amtala Bazar 5. Singur Market 6. Sheorafuli fish market
Howrah:
1. Sankrail (coconut) 2. Domjur (ornamental fish) 3. Uluberia (dry fish) 4. Madhya Howrah Kalibabur Bazar 5. Baksara Rail Bazar 6. Benapur Bakhantala 7. Betaitala Bazar
Jalpaiguri:
1. Turturi Khanda, Kumargram 2. Dinbajaar 3. Meteli 4. Lataguri 5. Mainaguri 6. Damdim 7. Odlabari 8. Malbazar 9. Falakata (pig market)
Kolkata:
1. Medicinal plant market in Cotton Street 2. Mallick Ghat Flower Market, 3. Mechua Fruit Patty 4. Rajakatra Chhana market, Burrabazaar 5. Green coconut and Sugercane market in College
Street 6. Sealdah Kole Market 7. Galib St (ornamental fish) 8. Chhatubabur bazar 9. Lake Market
Malda:
1. Mongolbari 2. Gobra Hat 3. Achinatala Hat 4. Pakuahat 5. Chittaranjan Market 6. Netaji Market
Nadia:
1. Bethuadahari 2. Kalyani 3. Karimpore 4. Singerhaat 5. Nokari 6. Ranaghat 7. Purnanagar 8. Dhubulia 9. Chakdah hat(vegetable) 10. Simurali hat(vegetable)
North 24 Parganas:
1. Gadamara 2. Barasat (marine fish auction mkt) 3. Patipukur (fish) 4. Dattapukur Hat 5. Akunji Hat 6. Prasannaganj Bazar 7. Nonachandanpukur Bazar 8. Baduria market (for jute) 9. Nilganj haat (near Barasat) 10. Bagjola hat
East Medinipur:
1. Egra (dry fish) 2. Digha 3. Ramnagar (contai) 4. Choddo Mile 5. Junput 6. Jalda 7. Ajanbari hat (Khejuri) 8. Byabarta hat ( Mahishadal I) 9. Boitala hat ( Patashpur)
126
11. Amodpur hat (Bongaon)
South 24 Parganas:
1. Baruipur fruit market 2. Kakdwip (fish) 3. Namkhana (fish) 4. Diamond Harbour auction market (fish) 5. Canning (fish) 6. Malancha 7. Amtala market 8. Raidighi 9. Sorisha
Darjeeling:
1. Siliguri Gurung Basti (broomstick) 2. Gorubathan 3. Jhalang 4. Chokbazar 5. Kalingpong Market 6. Hat Bazar, Darjeeling
North Dinajpur:
1. Kamalabari, Hemtabad 2. Baroduary, Raiganj (Jute market) 3. Bilaspur haat, karandihi 4. Bhaalai haat (Kaliaganj block) 5. Bishnupur haat (Hemtabad) 6. Panjipara haat (animal skin) 7. Rupahar haat (jute market)
South Dinajpur:
1. Parpatiram Hat 2. Kamarpara Hat 3. Bhikahar Hat 4. Rampur Hat 5. Daral Hat 6. Bajitpur hat (Gangarampur) 7. Laskar haat, Tapan
Murshidabad:
1. Godhanpara Hat 2. Bhaduria Para 3. Huda - Herampur Hat 4. Fatehpur Sabji Bazar 5. Suparigola Hat 6. Beldanga hat ( vegetable, green chilli)
West Medinipur:
1. Kharagpur Market( Gol Bazar ) 2. Kshirpai Hat 3. Kshirpai Municipal Market 4. Jenkapur Hat 5. Gopiballavpur hat (Sabui grass) 6. Daspur hat (Vegetable) 7. Khukurdaha hat (Vegetable) 8. Keshiery hat (sugar cane and molasses)
Coochbehar:
1. Mathabhanga Bazar 2. Sahebganj Hat 3. Nazir Hat 4. Chowra Hat 5. Kadamtala Hat 6. Changrabandha hat (tobacco) 7. Haldibari hat (tobacco) 8. Toofangange hat
Birbhum:
1. Rajnagar Hat 2. Tantipara Hat 3. Panrui Bazar 4. Bishnupur Hat 5. Batikar Hat 6. Bahir hat, Bolpur 7. Amodpur bazaar (for molasses) 8. Paikar Cattle hat (Murarai-II)
Purulia:
1. Chatanipara 2. Purulia Boro Hat 3. Dabha Hat 4. Nowahatu Hat 5. Torang Hat 6. Kotshila
Alipuduar
1. Alipurduar 2. Kamakshyaguri 3. Moynabari 4. Hamiltongunj
127
Annexure 3.1
List of vegetables cultivated in West Bengal
Common Name Scientific Name
Amaranthus Amaranthus cruentus (Laal saak), Amaranthus tritis (Note saak)
Arum Arum sp.
Asparagus Asparagus officinalis
Beetroot Beta Vulgaris crassa group
Bell Peppers Capsicum annuum
Betuashaak Chinopodium album
Bittergourd Momordica charantia Linn
Bottle gourd Lagenaria siceraria
Brahmi Bacopa monnieri
Brinjal Solanum melongena
Broccoli Brassica oleracea italica
Butternut squash Cucurbita moschata
Cabbage Brassica oleracea capitata
Capsicum Capsicum fruitscence
Carrot Daucas carota
Cauliflower Brassica oleracea botrytus
Chinese cabbage (Pak choi) Brassica rapus chinesesis group
Choi
Chubrialu Dioscorea bulbifera
Cucumber Cucumis sativus
Dhokra
Drumstick trees Moringa oleifera
Elephant foot yam amorphophallus paeoniifolius
Fig Ficus carica
Green beans/string bean/Common bean/common field bean Phaseolus vulgaris
Heron flower Sesbania grandiflora
Hinche Enhydra fluctuans Ivy Gourd (Kundri) Coccinia grandis
Jicama (Shakhalu) pachyrrhizus erosus
Karela Momordica charantia
Kulekhara Hygrophilla schulii
Lablab-beans (Sheem) Dolichos lablab
Lady’s fingers/ okra Abelmoschus esculentus
Lettuce Lactuca sativa
Machalu Dioscorea alata
Methishaak Trigonella foenum-graecum
Onion Allium cepa
128
Pea pisum sativum
Potato Solanum tuberosum
Potol (Pointed Gourd) Trichosanthes dioica
Pumpkin Cucurbita maxima
Radish Raphanus sativus
Red Cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra
Red Vine Spinach (Pui saak) Basella albavar rubra
Ridge Gourd (jhinge) Luffa acutangula
Round Chilli ‘Dalle khursani’
Shushni Oxalis sp.
Snake Gourd Trichosanthes cucumerina
spinach Spinaceae oleracea
Spiny Gourd (Kankrol) Momordica dioica
Sponge Gourd (Dhudhul) Luffa aegyptiaca
summer squash/ squash Cucurbita pepo
sweet potato Ipomoea batatas
Tamarke Stephamia hernandiafolia
Taro Colocasia esculenta
Thankuni Centella asiatica
Tomato Lycopersican esculentum
Turnip (Shalgam) Brassica rapus rapifera
Veg Fennel
Watercress (Simrai) Nasturtium officinale
Wax Gourd/ Ash Gourd (Chalkumro) Benincasa hispida
Annexure- 3.2
Production volume and tradable value of non-traditional fruits of Darjeeling district
Name of
the Bio
Resources
Place (Sources,
where available)
Natural
(N)or
cultivat
ed (C)
Product
ion
volume
Which
markets/h
aats sold
in
Tradable
Volume
Rate per
Unit (Rs.
Per kg or
lt or ton)
Total
Amount(ru
pees/unit/
annum)
Winter
Vegetable
s(Cauliflo
wer,
Cabbage,
Pea,
French
bean, Ri
Sag,
Goke,
Hasinghatta,
Relling, G.P.
Lamahatta,
Takdah GP,
Sittong,
Gaiyabari GP
Saureni, Duptin
GP Bhalukhop,
(c ) 25000
MT
Siliguri,
Darjeeling,
Kurseong,
Kalimong
12500 MT Rs. 10
per kg
Rs. 1250
lakh
129
Carrot,
Radish)
Loley GP Payung,
Dalapchnad GP,
Gorubathan,
Kumai GP
Round
chilli
Scattered all over
the hills
(c ) 300 MT Siliguri,
Darjeeling,
Kurseong,
Kalimong
200 MT Rs. 100
per kg
Rs. 200
Lakh
Behi Scattered all over
the hills
(c ) 50 MT Siliguri,
Darjeeling,
Kurseong,
Kalimong
25 MT Rs. 20
per kg
Rs. 5 lakh
Timbur Scattered all over
the hills
(N) 2 MT Siliguri,
Darjeeling,
Kurseong,
Kalimong
1MT Rs. 1000
per g
Rs. 10
Lakh
Kaulu Scattered all over
the hills
(N) 30 MT Siliguri,
Darjeeling,
Kurseong,
Kalimong
15 MT Rs. 20
per kg
Rs. 3 Lakh
Tamarke Scattered all over
the hills
(N) 5 MT NA NA NA NA
Passion
Fruit
Grown in small
area as new
cultivation
( c) 200 MT Darjeeling,
Kurseong,
Kalimong
150 MT Rs. 10
per kg
Rs. 15
Lakh
Squash Scattered all over
the hills
( c) 2000
MT
Siliguri,
Darjeeling,
Kurseong,
Kalimong
1500 MT Rs. 10
per kg
Rs. 150
Lakh
Watercre
ss
Scattered all over
the hills
( c) 100 MT Darjeeling,
Kurseong,
Kalimong
50 MT Rs. 10
per kg
Rs. 5 Lakh
Peach,
Pear,
Plum
Scattered all over
the hills
( c) 300 MT Darjeeling,
Kurseong,
Kalimong
100 MT Rs. 20
per g
Rs. 20
Lakh
Kiwi Grown in small
area as new
cultivation (Just
introduced)
Total 1658 Lakh
130
The above mentioned bio resources are mostly used as food, except Tamarke which is used as medicine.
Annexure- 3.3
List of fruits cultivated in West Bengal
Common Name Scientific Name
Amra Pondias purpurea var. lutea
Banana Musa acuminata, Musa balbisiana, or Musa paradisiaca
Behi Cydonia oblonga (Quince Seeds)
Bengal currant (Karamcha) Ficus carica
Betgera
Black berry (jaam) Syzygium Cumini
Carambola/Starfruit (Kamranga) Averrhoa carambola
Chao (Fishtail palm) Caryota urens
Cherry Tomato Solanum lycopersicum
Common Lime Citrus aurantifolia
Custard Apple Annona reticulata
Date Phoenix dactylifera
Dragon fruit Hylocereus undatus
Elephant apple (chalta) Dillenia indica
Guava Psidium guajava
Indian Gooseberry (Amla) Emblica officinalis
Jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus
Jujube* Ziziphus zizyphus
Jujube* Ziziphus mauritiana
Karanda Carissa Carandas
Karonjo fruit Pongamia pinnata
Kaulo Machilus sp.
Kiwi Actinidia deliciosa
Kodal fruit
Lakucha
Lapsi Choerospondias axillaris
Latkan Bixa Orrelana L.
Lemon Citrus limon
Litchi Litchi chinensis
longan (aash phal) Dimocarpus longan
Mandarin Citrus reticulata Blanco
Mango Mangifera indica
Olive Olea europaea
Omola
Orange Citrus aurantium
131
Palmyra Palm Borassus flabellifer
Paniala
Papaya Carica papaya
Passion fruit Passiflora edulis
Peach Prunus persica
Pear Pyrus communis
Pineapple Ananas comosus
Plum Prunus sp.
Pomegranate Punica granatum
Rose apple (Jamrul) Syzygium jambos
Rose berry (golap jaam)
Sabeda* Achras sapota
Sapodilla* Manilkara zapota
Squash Cucurbita L.
Strawberry Fragaria ananassa
Tamarind Tamarindus indica
Tamarke Stephania glabra
Timbur Xanthoxylum acanthopodium
Water Chestnut (Panifal) Trapa natans
Water melon Citrullus lanatus
Wood apple (bael) Aegle marmelos
Wood apple (kath bael) Feronia limonia
132
Annexure- 5.1
Production of Chhana in Hooghly District
SN Block Qnty (Kg) Av. Price/Kg Value of Trade( Rs.)
1 Sreerampur 27000 180 4860000
2 Chanditala i 45000 180 8100000
3 Do-II 13400 180 2412000
4 Tarakeswar 45000 190 8550000
5 Goghat -I 210000 140 29400000
6 Khanakul 13300 134 1868400
7 Haripal 60000 120 720000
8 Dhaniakhali 35000 140 4900000
9 Arambag 70000 150 10500000
10 Jangipara 70000 170 11900000
11 Pursura 720000 120 86400000
12 Goghat-II 75000 150 15000000
13 Khanakul-II 90000 170 15300000
14 Balagarh 21000 150 3150000
15 Dadpur 33000 160 5280000
16 Arambag 70000 150 10500000
17 Chincura Mogra 38500 170 6545000
18 Singur 70000 170 21000000
1706200 2824 246385400
133
Annexure 7.1
Important NTFPS of North Bengal
Katha (Khair): from Acacia catechu in Jalpaiguri district
Ful jharu (Broom stick) - from Amlisho plant (Thysonolaena agrostistis) in Darjeeling hills (an important commercial plant)
Spices & herbs - Turmeric and other herbs (Trikatu churna, Neem oil, Arjun tea and Ayurvedic shampoo) from intercrop in forest plantations, mostly in N Bengal are sold by WB Forest Dev Corporation
Golden mushroom, Large capsules of Meliaceae plants like Rahara (Dichroa febrifuga)
Edible fruits of Kanthal Am Jam from forest trees, Calamus (Cane) Edible berries of Rhus & Rubus spp (Raspberry), Diospyros spp (edible roots, also used for medinal purpose)
Vegetable dyes from Manjito in Darjeeling hills
Lycopodium pods of Darjeeling Hills are sold for wig glossing
Barks of Cinnamomum cecidodaphne, and foot-hill Kawla (Machilus spp) for Cinnamon and Dhup incense gum from North Bengal.
Medicinal Plants like Chirata (Swertia spp), Chilauni (Schima wallichii) bark, and Aconitum, Rhododendron flowers (medicine for diarrhoea) , also used for making wine - from Darjeeling dist.
Flowers, fruits and other plant parts are collected for ornamental purposes and sometimes exported. The important ones are Orchid flowers (Dendrobium spp, Vanda spp, Cattleyaspp, Bulbophyllums, Cymbidium spp, Agrostophyllum spp, Cyprepedium spp, Paphiopedium spp, Pleione spp., Aundina spp. etc.), ornamental leaves such as ferns as well as a large variety of other ornamental plants, oak and Katus (Castanopsis) fruits, decorative fruits of Chilauni (Schima wallichii).
Handmade paper from bark of Daphne cannabina.
Oil from Citronella grass Calophylum spp., Gynocardia odorata
Fodder from leaves of Gogun, Nebaro from Darjeeling
Filling Bamboo ((Cephalostachyum spp), Gope bamboo (Pseudostachyum sp), Chowa bans(D. Hamiltonii), Maling bans (D. maling) from North Bengal.
Important NTFPS of Other Parts of West Bengal:
Edible fruits of Karancha, Pial (Buchnania latifolia), Bel, Tamarind (Tamaridus indica) from SW Bengal, and Kaora, Chak keora from mangroves in Sunderbans.
Edible nuts from Badam (Terminalia catappa).
Oil from Eucalyptus spp, Grasses like Citronella spp, Mahua (Bassia latifolia), Kusum (Schleichera trijuga/oleosa), Varenda (Jatropha curcas), Karanj (Pongamia glabra), Neem (Azadirachta indica), , Sajina (Moringa pterygosperma), Amoora rohituka etc.
Soap substitutes from Sapindus spp. (soap nut tree)
A large variety of other food articles are available e.g., Sajina (Moringa pterygosperma) - almost all parts of the plant are edible, Kul (Zizyphus jujuba), etc.
Fish, Crustaceans like Prawns and shrimps of all varieties, Edible crabs (Scylla serrata), Molluscs etc. especially in Sundarbans
Lac is cultivated in SW districts, especially Purulia and Bankura, by infecting lac host trees like Palas (Butea monosperma), Kusum(Schliechera trijuga) and Kul (Zizyphus jujuba).
Fodder: All Ficus species (Bat- Ficus bengalensis, Aswath – Ficus religiosa, Pakur- Ficus rumphii, Dumur- Ficus glomerata ,Jaggidumur- Ficus hispida , Cassia tora, Kaora Sonneratia apetala, Bain (Avicennia officinalis) from Sundarbans,
Thatch materials like ULU (Saccharum procera) is available in plenty in all Central districts. Golpata (Nypa frutescens) thatch of Sundarban is most durable.
Bamboos - Lathi Bamboo(Dendrocalamus strictus), Kanta Bamboo (Bamboosa bambose), Bhalki bamboo (B.balcooa), from SWn Bengal
Bidipata – From Kend (Diospyros melanoxylon)
134
Marking nut – From Semecapus anacardium fruit in SWB districts
Fibre – Agave americana (Sisal) and Sabai grass in SWB districts
Tassar from Arjun (Terminalia arjuna) trees in SWn Bengal.
Honey and bee’s wax from mangroves of Sundarban.
Fruits of Myrobolans (Amlaki , Haritaki, Bahera) in South Westernparts of W. Bengal
Medicinal plants like Kalmegh, Aswagandgha, Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum), Amlaki (Emblica officinalis), Haritaki Terminalia chebula), Bahera (Terminalia bahera), Maha Bhringaraj, Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Bel (Aegle marmelos) from all over the state
Aquatic plants from wetlands in forest areas
135
Annexure 8.1
Consumption of Medicinal Plants (in kg) by different Manufacturing Unit W Bengal
Sl.No. Plants Name 2008-2009 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
1. Amla 143918349 25855.14 226932.57 176092.78 21954.97
2. Ashok 83572.09 5808.18 64213.07 10554.72 53900.85
3. Aswagandha 30513.058 8754.94 24848.89 92920.15 5839.615
4. Atees 273.19 46.75 331.1 292.6 2.05
5. Bael 15844.609 3956.243 27145.16 1988.30 7026.4
6. Bhumiamlaki 6150.5 5755.58 2652.89 848.35 3479.51
7. Brahmi 16229.435 3608.3 5094.64 4822.43 1821.90
8. Safed Chandan 4573.301 3167.02 4446.20 570.90 705.798
9. Chirata 6363.91 231.344 3881.04 757.97 246.55
10. Giloe 13560.375 5702.97 9533.22 12933.26 14597.65
11. Gudmar 3945.70 117.2 1440.27 1992.90 60
12. Guggal 4510.11 1286.04 5731.80 5241.54 279.15
13. Ghritakumari 9261.795 586.495 16778.59 659.276 1621702.05
14. Indian Berberry 1013.9 389.6 1203.15 13855.38 3366.10
15. Isabgol 1,03,223.01 7580.20 95131.77 161635.00 2351.30
16. Jatamansi 4421.75 1734.538 2639.81 1083.85 1355.86
17. Kalmegh 11537.32 6339.72 8943.91 10214.58 6491.55
18. Kalihari 21.00 - 249.00 22.00 10
19. Kokum 91.9 5.00 11.0 05.00 50.16
20. Kuth 1565.8 256.534 77.39 259.20 205.55
21. Kutki 1589.03 821.074 2604.69 1182.86 2033.85
22. Liquirice(Mulet
hi)
4506.81 1484.50 913.89 2731.64 579.44
23. Long
pepper(Pippal)
11,862.36 1482.42 8510.46 5414.26 3082.5
24. Makoy 1149.425 59.05 9.5 108.00 1242
25. Musali 638.5 51.37 543.45 876.70 20.34
26. Pashan Bheda 15.07 6.980 44.5 155.00
27. Saffron, Kesar 205.93 6.499 121.65 137.50
136
28. Sarpagandha 737.3 327.05 943 .15 1082.60 574.90
29. Senna(Senai) 30,631.96 1919.15 14407.01 3037.25 9107.05
30. Shatavari 3746.75 719.393 3487.48 3473.02 2611.16
31. Tulsi 6814.86 10224.20 2042.18 1326.04 5521.39
32. Vai Vidang 5424.42 362.602 2134.20 2685.93 1212.85
33. Vatsnabh(Vish) 187.9 15.45 195.60 281.55 4.8
34. Gambhari 3825.655 28.0 3396.90 23629.00 2056.75
35. Anantamool 12731.552 4651.147 11732.14 1603.406 4764.561
36. Neem 20860.666 14527.972 15609.32 12556.92 5388.00
37. Mint 137.8 00 34.00 3.65 1102.45
38. Arjuna 13014.03 6465.12 11732.92 7494.27 3893.54
39. Sadabahar,
Nayantara
- - - -
40. Batch 1117.38 351.13 1119.87 1152.82 184.26
41. Bohera 19592.35 9278.29 22541.86 16278.87 7985.16
42. Cinnamon 1388.77 337.47 840.76 907.52 17.795
43. Haritaki 31522.47 13523.51 32480.79 31665.49 24810.77
44. Patharchur - - - -
45. Ulatkambol 309.63 43.75 5933.60 378.10 241.70
46. Kakmachi 1238.95 1176.3 - 1.6 14.3
47. Basak 4008.04 00 3994.50 6500.80
48. Chita mool 3.00 00 308.41 -
49. Brihati 57.0 - - -
50. Kantikari 2945.50 162.53 00 149.20 6690.71
51. Bamunhati 407.8 00 31.80 -
52. Nishinda 1363.97 - - -
53. Bhringaraj 4543.98 11290.43 00 2252.23 629.28
54. Shatamuli 1205.0 - - -
55. Lata Kasturi 1.5 - - -
56. Kurchi - 471.60 - -
57. Chhatim - 3.5 - -
58. Kulekhada - 232.0 - -
137
59. Vasak - 220.69 - - 5873.67
60. Darchini - - 60.00 -
61. Ayapana - - 115.00 6.6 3.6
62. Safed Musli 10.8
138
Annexure 9.1 District wise list of Solvent Plant and Refinery
Production Capacity (MT) indicates input capacity of Rice Bran in MT
Solvent Plant in Burdwan District
Sl. No.
Name Production Capacity
Item Name M.T.
1 Soliel Oilex Pvt. Ltd. 150 Rice Bran
2 Dataji Food Prod. Pvt. Ltd. 150 Rice Bran
3 Bardhaman Agro Pvt. Ltd. 150 Rice Bran
4 Pragati Agri Product Pvt. Ltd. 250 Rice Bran
5 Supreme Oils Ltd 150 Rice Bran
6 Molleshwar Agro Prod. Pvt. Ltd. 150 Rice Bran
7 Utsav Agro Prod. Pvt. Ltd. 400 Rice Bran
8 Anandamoyee Solvent (Guskara) 150 Rice Bran
9 Super India Solvent (Memari) 100 Rice Bran
10 Sri Laxmi Agro Prod. Pvt. Ltd. 100 Rice Bran
11 Navyug Agro Industries Pvt. Ltd. 250 Rice Bran
12 M/S. Tara Oil Udyog 300 Rice Bran
13 Nalinaksha Agro Prod. Pvt. Ltd. 150 Rice Bran
Solvent Plant in Hooghly District
Sl No Name Production Capacity
Item Name M.T.
1 Joshoda Oil Udyog Pvt. Ltd. 250 Rice Bran
2 Reja Tarapada Solvent Ext. (P) Ltd 100 Rice Bran
3 Hooghly Agro Products (P) Ltd 200 Rice Bran
4 Ramgati Solvent 150 Rice Bran
Solvent Plant in Birbhum District
Sl No Name Production Capacity Item Name
Solvent Plant with Refinery in Burdwan District
Sl No Name Solvent Plant Prod. Refinery Prod.
Capacity M.T. Capacity M.T.
1 Sethia Oils Ltd. 200 50
2 Kaaiser Oils Ltd 150 50
3 Khemraj Oils 250 50
4 Bansal Oils Ltd 500 100
5 Adity Oils Ltd 500 100
6 Sukumar Solvent Pvt. Ltd. 150 30
139
M.T.
1 P. K. Agri Link Pvt. Ltd. 250 Rice Bran
2 Arti Agro 100 Rice Bran
Solvent Plant with Refinery in Birbhum dist
Sl No Name Solvent Plant Prod. Refinery Prod.
Capacity M.T. Capacity M.T.
1 Birbhum Agro 200 50
Only Refinery in Birbhum Dist
Sl No Name Production Capacity
M.T.
1 Bharati Tel Udyog 50
Medinipur District-Solvent Plant
Sl No Name Production Capacity Item
Name M.T.
1 B. K. Agro Prod. Pvt. Ltd. 150 Rice Bran
2 Alok Oil Industries 100 Rice Bran
3 Mallikarjun Solvent (Garhbeta) 200 Rice Bran
Only Refinery IN Medinipur District
Sl No Name Production Capacity
M.T.
1 Mandal Agro Industries (Jhargram) 50
Malda - Solvent Plant
Sl No Name Production Capacity Item
Name M.T.
1 Pancham Marketires Pvt. Ltd. 200 Rice Bran
Dinajpur dist -Solvent Plant with Refinery
Sl No. Name Solvent Plant Prod. Refinery Prod.
Capacity M.T. Capacity M.T.
1 KALYANI SOLVEX PVT. LTD. 150 100
Annexure 9.2 List of Large Food Processing Industry
SL.
No.
Name of the Food
Processing
Industries
Office Address Item of Manufacture
With Annual Capacity
Declared
Investment
(Rs.Cr)
1 Basukinath Food
Procesors Pvt Ltd
`P.S. Space';Blk-I, 4th Flr, 1/1a, Mahendra
Rai Road (Topsia Road), Kolkata-700046,
Ph:033-30112100/101, Fax:033-30112145,
Email:[email protected]
Potato Flakes-3000mt 15.75
140
2 Swastik Refinery
Pvt Ltd
3, Pretoria St, 3rd Flr, Kolkata-700071.
Ph:91-33-3008-5555, Fax:91-33-3008-1080,
Email:[email protected]
1]Hydrogenated
Vegetable Oils-
60000mt
[2]Fatty Acid, Spent
Earth-2880mt
12.70
3 Anmol Biscuits Ltd. 229, A.J.C Bose Road, Kolkata - 700020, Ph:
22801277, Fax: 22895007
Biscuits-31500mt 34.14
4 Utsav Agro
Products Pvt Ltd
`Marshall House', 25,Strand Road, 7th
Floor, Room-772, Kolkata-700001, Ph:33-
4005-5254
[1]Rice Bran Oil
[2]Oil Cake-9000 Mt
25.42
5 Epic Agro Products
Pvt Ltd.
25, Park Lane, Kolkata - 700016, Ph:
22292881, Fax: 22497567
Rusk-4800mt 17.63
6 Ifb Agro Industries
Ltd
Plot No.Ind5, Sector-I, East Kolkata
Township, Kolkata-700107,
Ph:39849628/651, Fax:24421003, E-
Mail:[email protected]
Country Spirit-
9,00,00,000bottles
15.88
7 Adani Wilmar Ltd Fortune House, Near Navrangpura Railway
Crossing, Ahmedabad, Gujrat, Pin - 380009,
Ph: 079-25555650, 079-25555621
Plam Product (Veg Oils
& Fats Other Than
Hydrogenated)-
300000mt
[2](3004)Distilled Fatty
Acid-13500mt
34.49
8 Dalmia Tea
Plantation &
Industries Ltd.
Dalmia House, 392, Block-G, New Alipore,
Kolkata - 700053, Ph.-03323985687
Black Tea (2131)-
300000kgs
17.85
9 Nowrangroy Agro
Pvt Ltd
15, Brabourne Road, Kolkata - 700001, Ph:
2242-3510, Fax: 2242-9673
Maida, Atta, Suji, Bran-
100000mt
4.50
10 Mohit Bakers Pvt
Ltd
Chatterjee International Centre, 33a,
Chowringhee Rd, 15th Floor, Suit-9, Kolkata
- 700071, Ph: 2281 5329 Fax: 2281 6711
Biscuits-9600mt 17.11
11 Uchalan S.S. Rice
Mill (P) Ltd
Vill & Po:Uchalan, Raina-Ii,
P.S.:Madhabdihi, Dist:Burdwan,
Pin:713427, Ph.:9734762534
1]Rice Boiled-7200mt,
2]Rice Bran-360mt
8.5975
12 Saj Food Products
Pvt Ltd
5/1, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata-700020, Ph:
22818219, Fax: 22833510
Biscuit-21000mt ,
[2]Sandwich Biscuits-
3500mt, [3] Bread
Rusk-7000mt
27.48
141
13 Emami Biotech Ltd. 687, Anandapur, Em-Bypass, Kolkata, South
24 Parganas, Pin- 700107, Ph; 66136391
Edible Veg. Oils & Fats,
Other Than
Hydrogenated
Including Palm, Soya
Mustard & Sun Flower
Oils-273000mt
116.85
14 V.K. Udyog Ltd 5/2, Russel Street, Poonam Building 6th
Floor, Kolkata-700071, Ph: 2265-5888,
Fax:22263649,
Email:[email protected]
1]Rice-25740mt, 2]Dal-
33408mt, 3]Rice Bran-
1950mt, 4]Dal Husk-
4800mt, 5]Rice Husk-
10803mt
11.87
15 Sarada Starch &
Chemicals Pvt. Ltd.
P-3, New Cit Road, 2nd Floor, Kolkata -
700073, Ph-22372825,
Email:[email protected]
Starch Powder-
19200mt, 2]Gluten-
2880mt, 3]Germ-
3120mt, 4]Fiber-
7680mt
48.30
16 Kalyani Solvex (P)
Ltd.
Bandar, Raiganj- 733134, Dist.:Uttar
Dinajpur, Ph.03523-241795,
Email:[email protected]
Rice Bran Oil- 3600mt
2]Refined Oil-15000mt
6.80
17 Jaya Industries Pvt
Ltd
`The Millenium, 5th Floor',
235/2a,A.J.C.Bose Road, Kolkata-700020,
Ph:2290-3124/25 Fax:2281-6711,
Email:[email protected]
Biscuits-24,000mt 9.16
18 Ishan Snax Pvt. Ltd. 115, College Street, Kolkata-700 012
M:9830082871
Snack Food, Segment
Chips Kurkure, Cheese
Bolls-5000mt
13.87
20 Shree Krishan Co.
Mfg Pvt Ltd.
15, Brabourne Road, Kolkata -700001, Ph:
2242-1131, Fax: 2242-1126,
Email:[email protected]
Potato Chips-3600mt,
2]Starch-180mt
14.58
21 Crown Flakes Pvt
Ltd
Tarakeswar Road, Mouza- Bagbari,
P.O.:Baliguri, Dist:Hooghly, Pin-712410,
Ph-9830050039,
Email:[email protected]
Potato Flakes-5000mt 13.23
22 Debraj Oil
Extraction Pvt Ltd
Link Road, P.O. & P.S.:Arambagh,
Dist:Hooghly, Pin:712601, Ph:9932460400
1]Rice Bran Oil-
16200mt, 2]De-Oiled
Cake-73800mt
8.3489
23 Newby Teas
Overseas Pvt. Ltd.
Bishnupur, South 24 Parganas-743503, Ph.-
033 24978997
Tea Packaging (2131-
276000kgs)
7.60
24 Prestige Ice Cream
Pvt Ltd
238-B, A.J.C.Bose Road, Kolkata-700020,
Ph:2287-9266/8503, Fax:2287-1874,
Ice Cream (Frozen
Dessert)-24,00,000 Ltr,
2]Ice Cream (Sticks)-
12.02
142
Email:[email protected] 168,00,000pcs
Total 551.61
List of Large Food Processing Industry/ Manufacturer of Bio-Products (Year: 1991-2010)
Sl.
No.
Name
Office Address
Item of Manufacture with Annual
Capacity
Declared
Investme
nt
(Rs.Cr)
1 Aditi Oil
Limited
4,Chowringhee Lane, Diamond
Chamber Blii Kolkata-700016 Tel:
22521863/64, Fax:22521862
Refined Edible Oil-31628mt
[2]Lycolecethne/Mustard-
18420mt [3]De-Oiled Ind.
Fatty Acid-3600mt [4]Acid
Oils-864mt [5]Gly-17700mt
39.34
2 Bansal Oil
Extraction Pvt
Ltd
113 Park Street, Kolkata - 700016,
Ph: 03322652119, Fax: 03322652119
Rice Bran Oil- 4500 Ton [2]
(2199)De-Oild-Rice Bran-18000
Ton
57.07
3 Bengal
Beverages
Private Ltd
Dankuni, Dankuni-712310 Tel:
26593715 Fax:26593714
Aerated Water Containing Added
Sugar Or Other Seeetening Matter
Or Flavour-38000 Kl [2](2029)
Fruits And Vegetable
Preservations N.E.C
3.60
4 Diamond
Beverages
Pvt Ltd
P-41, Taratala Road Kolkata-700088
Tel: 0332401803 Fax:24010142
Soft Drinks & Syrups-17000kl 55.20
5 Dream Bake
Pvt Ltd
296, Kalu Khan Road, P.O.Boral,
Kolkata-700154, Ph.:2435-5951/52,
Fax:2435-3305, E-
Mail:[email protected]
Biscuits, Bakes, Pastries And Other
Bakery Products (Exclu. Reserved
For Ssi)-7800m.T.
22.53
6 Emami
Biotech Ltd.
687, Anandapur ,Em By Pass
Kolkata-700107 Tel: 66136402
Fax:66136400
Basic Organic Chemicals Fats-
100000mt 2]Glycerin-9000mt
3]Edible Oil-200000mt
42.08
7 Haldiram
Bhujiawala
Ltd.
P - 420, Kazi Nazrul Islam Avenue,
Kolkata700052, Ph: 09830011144
Mini Samosa-500mt, 2]Sweets-
185mt, 3]Namkeen-3500mt,
4]Pickles-100mt
181.00
8 Mani's Baking
Solutions
24,Hemanta Basu Sara Ni. Kolkata-
700001 Tel: 30288326
Fax:30288340
Biscuits-36000mt 11.64
143
9 Saj Food
Products Pvt
Ltd
5/1, A J C Bose Road Kolkata-
700020 Tel: 22818219
Fax:22833510
Biscuit 35000mt 19.00
10 Suvendu
Kumar
Mondal
Hospital Para, Jalpaiguri- 735 101
Ph:- 03561 230714
Tea Black In Bulk 400000 Kgs 34.00
11 J.P. Flour
Mills Pvt Ltd
5/2, Russel Street, Poonam Building
6th Floor, Kolkata - 700071, Ph:
40065862, Fax: 40065863
[1] Maida [2] Mill Atta
[3] Sooji [4] Bran
[5] Chakki Atta-[1] 64575 Ton
[2]13650 Ton [3] 1575 Ton
[4] 25200 Ton [5] 30000 Ton
1.40
12 Ankit India
Ltd
14a, 5th Floor, 234/3a, A J C Bose
Road, Kolkata-700 020 Ph:-
22871538 Fax:- 2281 0629
Rice (Raw & Parboiled)
146880 Mt
9.01
13 Gokul Refoils
& Solvent
Ltd.
Mouza: Debhog, J.L. No-149,
Bhabanipur, Haldia, Purba
Medinipur, Pin - 721657, Ph: 03224
252839, Fax: 03224 252758,
Email:[email protected]
Refined Soyabean Oil/ Palmoline-
1]330000mt 2]Inter Esterified Non
Hydro Fat-65000mt
29.51
14 Mukund
Foods
Pvt.Ltd.
229,Ajc Bose Rd,Cres Ent Tower,9th
Floor Kolkata-700020 Tel: 033-
22872958 Fax:22895006
Biscuits-38400mt 90.00
15 Pampar
Ovenfresh
Foods Pvt Ltd
72, Nalini Sett Road; 2nd Floor,
Kolkata - 700 007, Ph: 2274 9919
[1]Wet Dough, 2]Cereal Snacks
Part Ii [1]Potato Chips, 2]Cereal
Snacks-1920 Mt
55.00
16 B.D.
Corporates
Pvt. Ltd.
77, Netaji Subhas Road, 4th Floor,
Kolkata-700 001 Ph:-2210 7990,
Fax:- 2686 4430
Rice - 144400 Mt 10.54
17 Baljit
Agrotech Ltd
(Formerly
Rajrani
Agrifoods
Ltd)
7a Pretoria Street, Kolkata - 700071,
Ph: 033 2282 7018, Fax: 033-2282-
7016
Rice Husk-24840mt [2]Rice
Bran-6480mt [3]Co-Generation
Captive Power Plant-723mw ,
[4]Rice Milling-73440mt
8.69
18 Diamond
Beverages
Pvt Ltd
P-41, Taratala Road Kolkata-700088
Tel: 24018030 Fax:24010142
Soft Drinks & Syrups 0.00
19 Emami
Biotech Ltd.
6&7, Anandpur Em Bypass
Kolkata-700107 Tel: 66136402
Edible Oil-200000mt 7.42
20 Emami
Biotech Ltd.
Debhog, Bhabanipur, Haldia, Purba
Midnapo Re-721657 Tel
Refined Edible Vegetable Oils 182.00
144
21 Gem Agro
Products Pvt
Limited
88, Burtolla Street, Kolkata-700 007
Ph: 22191288 Fax: 22194222
Whole Mill Atta Dalia & Bran
33000 Tonn
182.00
22 Kalyani
Solvex (P)T
Ltd
Raiganj, Bandar Uttar Dinajpur-
733134 Tel: 242158
Fax:254467
Rice Bran Oil De-Oiles Rice Bran 2.90
23 Khaitan
(India) Ltd
7, Red Cross Place, Wellesly House,
Kolkata - 700 001, Ph: 2210 3331,
Crusing Of Sugercane-400 Tcd 10.82
24 Mohan
Bakers Pvt.
Ltd
305, Mangalam-A, 24, Hemanta Basu
Sarani, Kolkata-700 001 Ph:- 659
0683, E-Mail:
Biscuits 3000 Mt 0.00
25 Pancham
Marketiers
Pvt Ltd
19, Synagogue Street, City Centre ,
Room # 314., 3rd Floor, Kolkatat -
700 001 Ph:- 2242 2517
Vegetable Oils & Fats Through
Solvent Extraction Process
60000 Mt
2.05
26 Raja Udyog
Pvt. Ltd.
267a, C.R. Avenue Kolkata-700006
Tel: 25838466 Fax:25838690
Biscuits 28000mt 6.40
27 Rajrani
Agrifoods Ltd
Ice Milling & 2 More 12.24
28 Vinda Vashni
Oils (Pvt) Ltd
Sainthia, Hariskopa, Birbhum:-731
234 Ph: 03462-262803
Rice Bran Oil 8.93
29 Anjanay Rice
Mill Pvt. Ltd.
Nh2 Byepass Khudika; P.O.-:Salanpur
Dist: Dist:Burdwan, Ph:0341-
2514460. 9333674401,
Email:[email protected]
Rice-60,000mt 2.(12801)Rice
Bran-1764mt 3.(12824)Paddy
Husk-24,000mt
2.80
30 Sahada
Exports Ltd
Mominpore Kolkata-700023 Tel:
24496113 Fax:24481321
Processing & Preserving Fish 15.40
31 Budge Budge
Refineries Ltd
23b, A. M. Ghosh Road, Budge
Budge, 24 Parganas (South)-743319
Ph-22489347 Fax-22422086
Refined Vegetable Oil 180000 Mt 2.73
32 Hooghly
Dairy Private
Ltd
Shyambati, Dhulepur, Arambag,
Hooghly-712616 Ph:- 220447
Milk In Pouch 16000 Mt. 65.00
33 Nowrangroy
Agro Pvt Ltd
15, Brabourne Road, Kolkata-700
001 Ph-22423510 Fax-22429673
Maida, Suji, Atta, Bran 90000 Mt 3.83
34 Pragati Agri
Products Pvt
Ltd
Daichanda, P.O.:Huria, Dist:Burdwan Rice Bran Oil & 1 More 7.63
35 Shiv Durga
Rice Mill Pvt
Tetrail Rice 4.28
145
Ltd
36 Siliguri Agro-
Tech Pvt Ltd
Naya Bazar, C/O. Pawan Tea Co.
Siliguri, Darjeeling -733 405 Ph-
2503711 Fax-0353-2504500
Rice 19200 Mt 3.17
37 Sri Shyam
Millers (P) Ltd
Poolara, Purulia-723 127 Ph:03252-
222007 Fax:226665
Rice 14256 Mt 1.09
38 Japfa
Comfeed
India Ltd
125-126, Sohrab Hall,
21,Sasoon Road, Pune, Maharashtra-
411 001
Animal Feed-108000mt 0.20
39 Ankit India
Ltd
14a, 5th Floor, 234/3a, A J C Bose
Road, Kolkata-700 020 Ph:-
22871538 Fax:- 2281 0629
Atta,Maida,Suji & 1 More 16.57
40 Ashirvad
Food
Products
Pvt.Ltd
Continental Chamber, 5th Floor, 15a,
Hemanta Basu Sarani, Kolkata-700
001 Ph:- 22480071
Maida,Atta,Suji & 1 More 16.04
41 Dalmia Tea
Plantation &
Indust
130, Cotton Street, P. B. No. 6706,
Kolkata-700 007 Ph-22688588
Fax-22688587
Tea Black Leaf In Bulk 2000000 Kg 1.51
42 Diwan's
Hygienic
Products Pvt
Ltd.
Kidderpur, 105-A, Diamond Harbour
Road, Kolkata-700 023 Ph- 24399495
Sweetmeat Produc 2400000 Ltr 8.50
43 Dollon's Food
Products Pvt
Ltd
9, Lalbazar Street, Mercantile
Building Block-B, Kolkata-700 001
Ph-22206034 Fax-22438806
Milk 2775000 Ltr 3.76
44 Durga Tea
Industries
P.O. Sakouajhora, Jalpaiguri- 735212
Ph:- 233385
Tea - 800000 Kg 4.88
45 Ganges Vally
Foods Pvt.
Ltd
5/1a, Hungerford Street, Kolkata-700
017 Ph-22870472 Fax-22870472
Biscuit 960 Tons 1.66
46 Gee Pee
Foods Pvt Ltd
Chakundi, Dankuni, Chanditala,
Hooghly-712310 Ph:- 22830780
Potato Chips 2.67
47 Hare Krishna
Foods Ltd
Durgapur Wheat Prodct, Flour, Atta 7.48
48 Jogijhora Tea
& Agro Pvt
Ltd
Ethelbari, Alipurduar, Jalpaiguri-
735204 Ph:- 266180 Fax:-
03563-266666
Green Tea(Green)- 770000 Kg 4.07
49 Maks Biscuits 203, Becharam Chatterjee Road, Biscuits 4500 Mt 1.69
146
Pvt Ltd Kolkata-700 034 Ph-22428401 Fax-
22130378
50 Payodhi
Foods (P) Ltd
Dankuni Butter, Cream Ghee & 1 More 4.02
51 Sayedabad
Tea Co Ltd
11, Government Place (East),
Kolkata-700 001 Ph:- 22485155
Tea Mfg. & Processing 1500000 Kg 2.51
52 Shree
Jagannath
Shilpodyog
Kalyani Atta, Maida, Suji 2.20
53 Sukumar
Solvent Pvt.
Ltd
Gopalpur Solvent Extrtd. & 1 More 2.14
54 Shalimar
Pellet Feeds
Pvt.Ltd
Bishnupur Indl. Gr Owth Centre
Dist.:Bankura
Poultry & Cattle Feed 1.92
55 Acalmar Oils
& Fats Ltd.
1,Shakespeare Sarani, (9th Flr),
Kolkata-700071, Ph:2282-5400/8150
Refined Vegetabl & 5 More 2.69
56 Aditi Edible
Oils Pvt Ltd
40, Weston Street, 3rd Floor,
Kolkata-700 013 Ph:-2211 2857
Fax:- 2236 9554
Rice Bran Oil & 1 More 30.00
57 Anmol
Biscuits Pvt.
Ltd.
229, A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata-700
020 Ph:- 2280 1277 Fax:- 22242441
Biscuits 1300 Mt 5.60
58 B.D.
Corporates
Pvt. Ltd.
77, Netaji Subhas Road, 4th Floor,
Kolkata-700 001 Ph:-2210 7990
Fax:- 2686 4430
Maida,Atta,Suji,Bran Etc 1.37
59 Capricorn
Oils Ltd
Alamgunj, Burdwan-713 102 Ph:
0342-253 0390 Fax: 0342 253 0193
Refined Edible Oil(Soya, Palm,
Palm Karnel Rice Bran Oil Refined)
Oo Kg
2.80
60 Chengmari
Tea Co Ltd
37, Shakeshpeare Sarani, Kolkata-
700 017 Ph-22409834 Fax:
Black Tea- 1000000 Kg 6.41
61 Dalkola Flour
Mills (P) Ltd
Dalkola Dist.: Uttar Dinajpur Atta, Maida, Suji, Bran 14.65
62 Duke Tea Pvt
Ltd
Madati Dist.: Darjeeling Tea (Ctc) 0.94
63 Dutta Agro
Mills Pvt Ltd
13,Banerjee Road, Kolkata-700012,
Ph:2241-8168, Fax:2270-6771
Refined Rice Oil-9000mt & 4 More 3.63
64 Jaldacca Tea
Plantation
Pvt Ltd
Nathua Hat Dist.:Jalpaiguri Tea Mfg. & Processing 4.94
147
65 Joshoda Oil
Udyog Pvt.
Ltd
Naisarai, Arambagh, Dist:Hooghly,
Pin:712602, Ph:03211-252393,
Fax:03211-252269
Rice Bran Oil-24,000mt & 1 More 1.40
66 Kalyani
Solvex Pvt Ltd
Gangarampur, Dist.:Dakshin Dinajpur Rice Bran Oil & 1 More 3.24
67 Kanchaan
View Tea
Estate
C/O. Ajit Kumar Agarwal, 11,
Government Place (East), Kolkata-
700 069 Ph-22485111 Fax-
22489182
Tea Manufacturing 100000 Kg 3.15
68 Limtex Steels
Ltd
Bidhannagar Dist.:Darjeeling Tea Ctc 1.01
69 Limtex Steels
Ltd
25-A, Shakespeare Sarani,
Kolkata-700 017 Ph
Tea Ctc - 3000000 Kgs 9.38
70 Potent
Products Pvt
Ltd
Uluberia Dist.:Howrah Flour Maida, Att & 1 More 7.49
71 Shri Shyam
Agro Biotech
P Ltd
Ranigunge Dist.:Burdwan Floor Milling By Power Ma 3.41
72 Supreme Oil
Industries
Ltd.
Alamganj Dist:Burdwan Rice Bran Oil & 1 More 3.68
73 Teesta Tea
Company (P)
Ltd
Kotwali Dist.:Jalpaiguri Tea 1.28
74 Terai Dooars
Tea Co. Pvt
Ltd
Kotwali Dist.:Jalpaiguri Tea Mfg. & Processing 2.32
75 Terai Tea Co
Ltd
Karjeepara Dist.:Jalpaiguri Tea Maf. & Blending 3.06
76 Limtex Agri
Udyog Ltd
The Legacy, 2nd Floor, 25a,
Shakespeare Sarani; Kolkata - 700
017, Ph: 033-40107500 Fax: 033-
22809975
Mfg. Of Food Product 1.93
77 Abhijit Tea
Co. Pvt. Ltd
Raja Tea Estate, Tea Manufacture & Process 10.81
78 Bhagatpur
Tea Co. Ltd.
Nagrakata Tea-Processing & Blending 1.71
148
79 Diamond
Beverages
Pvt Ltd
P-41, Taratala Road, Kolkata-700088 Aerated Water Containing Added/
Other Sweetening Matter Or
Flavoured-45,000kl 2]Pet Bottle-
27194000pcs
3.02
80 Goodricke
Group Ltd
Sailihat Dist.:Jalpaiguri Black Tea 14.00
81 Goodricke
Group Ltd
Danguajhar Dist.:Jalpaiguri Black Tea 2.32
82 Hemraj Oils
Pvt. Ltd
Chandul Dist.:Burdwan Refined Rice Bran & 2 More 0.72
83 India Dairy
Products Ltd
Joyrambati Dist.:Bankura Dairy Products Of Milk 4.33
84 Kunj Bihari
Gold Leaf Ind
P Lt
Fatapukur , Dist.:Jalpaiguri Tea (Ctc) 3.09
85 Kusum
Products Ltd.
`Bombay Mutual Building',
9,Brabourne Road, Kolkata-700001,
Ph:242-1546/1547
Vegetable Oil And Fats 2.63
86 Marion Barle
Tea Co Ltd
Siliguri Black Ctc Tea 8.25
87 Mohitnagar
Green View
Tea Co Ltd
Mohitnagar, Joredi Black Ctc Tea 0.93
88 Razban
Seafood Ltd
Kolkata Processing & Canning Fish 3.42
89 Ruchi Soya
Industries
Ltd.
Durgachak Vanaspati Ghee 5.00
90 Sujali Tea &
Industries Ltd
Islampur Dist.:Uttar Dinajpur Tea Processing 52.00
91 Sukhjit Starch
Industries
Wbidc Growth Centre Dist.:Malda Maize Starch, 2]Liquid Glucose,
3]Dextrines & Other Modified
Starch, 4]High Malto Syrup,
5]Dextrose Mono Hydrate/Glucose
4.22
92 Terai Tea Co
Ltd
Naxulbari Dist.:Darjeeling Tea Mfg. & Processing 12.61
93 Terai Tea Co
Ltd
Jalpaiguri Tea Mfg. & Blending 2.61
94 Arambagh
Hatcheries
59b, Chowringhee Road, Kolkata-700
020 Ph:- 2283 2617 Fax:- 2283
Poultry & Other & 1 More 6.04
149
Ltd 2552
95 Arambagh
Hatcheries
Ltd
59b, Chowringhee Road, Kolkata-700
020 Ph:- 2283 2617 Fax:- 2283
2552
Poultry Feed 1.71
96 Shivshakti
Agro(India)Lt
d
Dankuni Coal Complex, Chakundi,
Dist.:Hooghly
Poultry Feed 3.46
97 Abhijit Tea
Company Pvt.
Ltd
Raja Tea Estate, M Dist.:Jalpaiguri Tea Manufacturing & Processing 3.73
98 Abhijit Tea
Company Pvt.
Ltd
Raja Tea Estate, M Dist.:Jalpaiguri Tea Manufacturin & 1 More 2.43
99 Amicus Oil &
Chemicals Pvt
Ltd
Kalyani Industrial Area Dist.:Nadia Refined Rice Bra & 1 More 1.05
100 Anmol
Biscuits Pvt.
Ltd.
229, A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata-700
020 Ph:- 2280 1277 Fax:- 22242441
Biscuits 5.76
101 Balason Tea
Co. Ltd.
Bidhannagar Dist.:Darjeeling Tea Black, Leaf In Bulk Falling Etc. 1.65
102 Essels Funds
Management
P Ltd
Ghoshpukur, Phansidewa,
Dist.:Darjeling
Tea Processing &Blending 4.91
103 Eximpo Tea
Ltd
Tele Para Tea Estt., Binnaguri,
Dist.:Jalpaiguri
Tea Processing 4.58
104 Hemraj Oils
Pvt. Ltd
Chandul Dist.:Burdwan Rice Bran Oil & De-Oiled Bran 2.50
105 India Dairy
Products Ltd
Kalachara, Chanditala, Dist.:Hooghly Dairy Products Of Milk 5.05
106 Jaldacca Tea
Plantations
P.Ltd
Dhupguri, Banathat, Nathua Hat,
Dist.:Jalpaiguri
Tea Manufacturing & Processing 4.41
107 Jaldacca Tea
Plantations
P.Ltd
Dhupguri, Banathat, Nathua Hat,
Dist.:Jalpaiguri
Tea Manufacturin & 1 More 1.38
108 Kalyani Yeast Kalyani Dist.:Nadia Bakers Yeast 0.73
109 Kamala Tea
Company Ltd.
Kamala Tea Estate, Phonsidung,
Dist.:Darjeeling
Black Tea 3.09
150
110 Kiran Tea
Estates Pvt.
Ltd
Ramganj Dist.:Uttar Dinajpur Tea (Ctc) 2.17
111 Madhya
Pradesh
Glychem
India Ltd
(Ruchi Soya
Industries
Ltd).
`2g, Neelamber Building',
28b,Shakespeare Sarani, Kolkata-
700017, Ph:2281-3266,2247-8526,
Fax:2240-5187
Vanaspati, Edible Refined Oil & 8
More
4.10
112 Manakamna
Tea Indus.
Pvt. Ltd
Bidhannagar Dist.:Darjeeling Black Ctc Tea 65.50
113 Mohan
Bakers Pvt.
Ltd
Monoharpur, Dankuni, Dist.:Hooghly Biscuits 3.94
114 Monorch
(India) Pvt Ltd
Mahestala Dist.:South 24prgs Biscuits 3.08
115 Pioneer Tea
& Exports (P)
Ltd
Bidhannagar Dist.:Darjeeling Black Tea 1.01
116 R. D. Tea Ltd Bagdogra-Bidhannagar
Dist.:Darjeeling
Black Tea Processing 5.98
117 Rasoi Ltd Rasoi Court', 20, Sir R.N.Mukherjee
Road, Kolkata-700001, Ph:2248-
9138/39, Fax:2248-3102
Hydrogenated Oils & Vanaspati
Ghee, Fatty Acid, Acid Oil,
Industrial Gases, Vegetable Oils
Fats Other Than Hydrogenated,
Blended Edible Vegetable Oils
2.50
118 Roopacherra
Tea Co. Ltd
New Champtaguri, Naxalbari,
Dist.:Darjeeling
Tea-Processing & Blending 17.00
119 Roopacherra
Tea Co. Ltd
Anandapur, Rajdanga,
Dist.:Darjeeling
Tea-Processing & Blending 0.57
120 T&I Global
Ltd
Panishala, Mekhligunj, Dist.:Cooch
Behar
Tea (Green)-Processing & Blending 1.17
121 Terai Tea Co
Ltd
Naxulbari, Dist.:Darjeeling Tea Mfg. & Blending 2.61
122 Terai Tea Co
Ltd
Bagdogra Dist.:Darjeeling Tea Manufacturing 5.32
123 Terai Tea Co
Ltd
Bagdogra Dist.:Darjeeling Tea Manufacturin & 1 More 2.29
151
124 The Eastern
Tea Company
Ltd
Kalabari Tea Estate,Kalabari Bagan,
Dist:Jalpaiguri
Tea Black 0.52
125 The
Oodlabari Co
Ltd
Oodlabari Tea Estt., Manabari, Mal,
Dist.:Jalpaiguri
Tea &12 More 0.51
126 Topline Tea
Co Pvt Ltd
Bidhannagar, Dist.:Darjeeling Tea Processing 3.19
127 Topline Tea
Co Pvt Ltd
Bidhannagar, P.O.Madati,
Dist.:Darjeeling
Tea Processing 3.64
128 Uni Cattle
Poultry Feeds
P. Lt
5 Clive Row (2nd Flr ), Room-46
Kolkata-700001 Tel: 220-6446/0599
Fax:2103476
Pelletised Foultry Feeds 1.65
129 Bansal Oil
Extraction
Pvt. Ltd
Malkita Mirjapur Dist.:Burdwan Rice Bran Oil 2.23
130 Bansal
Refineries
Pvt. Ltd
Malkita Mirjapur Dist.:Burdwan Refined Rice Bra & 1 More 2.67
131 Delight Dairy
Ltd
Ranihati , Howrah Milk 4.02
132 Eximpo Tea
Ltd
Binnaguri Dist.:Jalpaiguri Tea Processing 2.00
133 Farm Tea &
Chemicals Pvt
Ltd
Rajgang Black Ctc Tea 2.50
134 Frigerio
Conserva
Allana Ltd
Maurigram Dist.:Howrah Frozen & Canned Fruit 0.40
135 Global Acqua
Pvt Ltd
6, Alipore Park Road, Kolkata-700
027 Ph:- 2479 9312 Fax:- 2479
9303
Mineral Water 8.33
136 Induss Food
Products &
Equip L
Gumodanga, Mollar Dist:Hooghly Ice Cream & 2 More 3.47
137 Kharibari Tea
Co. Ltd
Kharibari Dist:Darjeeling Tea Mfg. And Processing 1.75
138 Paceman
Sales
Promotion P
Chanditala Refined Vegetabl & 1 More 2.47
152
Ltd
139 Pcm Tea
Processing
Pvt. Ltd
Sahudangi Dist.: Jalpaiguri Black Tea 14.50
140 Purti
Vanaspati Pvt
Ltd
14,Netaji Subhas Rd, 4th Floor
Kolkata-700001 Tel: 22316142
Fax:22316158
Processing Of Oilseeds/ Oilcake-
90000mt [2]Solvent
Extracted Oil-18000mt
[3]Deoil Meal/Extractions-
72000mt
2.74
141 PURTI
VANASPATI
PVT LTD
(Formerly
Paceman
Sales
Promotion P
Ltd.)
14, NETAJI SUBHASH ROAD, 4TH
FLOOR KOLKATA-700001 Tel:
22316142 Fax:22316158
REFINED VEG OIL SOAP STOCK
SPENT EARTH REFINED
HYDROGENERATED OIL
14.00
142 Shree
Madhav
Edible
Products L
11,Braborne Road, 5th Floor,
Kolkata-700001, Ph:2242-9578
Refined Vegetble Oil-Phys 44.00
143 Swadist
Biscuits Pvt
Ltd
23 Brabourn Road
Kolkata-700001 Tel: 242-5683/4687
Fax:2427624
Biscuits 5.22
144 Tata Tea
Limited
(Rungamutte
e)
Tea Black 1.51
145 Bansal Oil
Extraction Pvt
Ltd
113, Park Street, Poddar Point, 7th
Floor,Block-B, Kolkata-7000016,
Ph:2265-2119, Fax:2265-2119,
Email:[email protected]
Rice Bran Oil- 15,000mt [2]De-
Oiled-Rice Bran-60,000mt
6.34
146 Arambagh
Hatcheries
Ltd
59b, Chowringhee Road, Kolkata-700
020 Ph:- 2283 2617 Fax:- 2283
2552
Poltry/Othr Slaughtr Prep 8.06
147 Arambagh
Hatcheries
Ltd
59b, Chowringhee Road, Kolkata-700
020 Ph:- 2283 2617 Fax:- 2283
2552
Poultry Feed 8.00
148 Arambagh
Hatcheries
Ltd
59b, Chowringhee Road, Kolkata-700
020 Ph:- 2283 2617 Fax:- 2283
2552
Poultry Feed 0.55
153
149 Ankit India
Ltd
14a, 5th Floor, 234/3a, A J C Bose
Road, Kolkata-700 020 Ph:-
22871538 Fax:- 2281 0629
Wheat Products 2.84
150 Bengal
Beverages
Pvt. Ltd
Dankuni, Dankuni-712310 Tel:
26593715 Fax:26593714
Aerated Water 8.14
151 Bengal
Nestors
Industries Ltd
53b Mirza Galib Stre Eet
Kolkata-700016 Tel: 229-4073
Fax:2171419 [email protected]
Pasturised Milk, Ghee, Paneer 0.91
152 Bharat Coca
Cola Bottling
Aerated Drink 3.53
153 Chengmari
Tea Co Ltd
37, Shakeshpeare Sarani, Kolkata-
700 017 Ph-22409834 Fax:
Black Tea 30.31
154 Dalu Holdings
(P) Ltd
Saptibari & Kawada Dist.:Jalpaiguri Tea Plantation 4.82
155 Darjeeling
Dooars Plant
(Tea)L
Garden Karala, Muchipara,
Dist.:Jalpaiguri
Black Ctc Tea 0.85
156 DUARS
UNION TEA
CO. LTD
BELGACHI DIST.: DARJEELING TEA 1.83
157 FRIGERIO
CONSERVA
ALLANA LTD
MAURIGRAM DIST.:HOWRAH FROZEN AND CANNED MEAT 1.25
158 JAY SHREE
TEA &
INDUSTRIES
LTD
MADARIHAT DIST.:JALPAIGURI PROCESSING & BLE &35 more 10.00
159 JAYSHREE
TEA &
INDUSTRIES
LTD
KALANAGIN DIST.:UTTAR
DINAJPUR
TEA-PROCESSING & BLENDING 5.80
160 MUKUND
FOOD PVT
LTD
DANKUNI DIST.:HOOGHLY BISCUITS 3.30
161 Pepsico India
Holding Pvt
Ltd
Fartabad,Sonarpur Dist.: South 24
Pgs
Non-Alcohlic Bev & 3 More 1.84
162 Putharjhora
Tea Garden
Pvt Ltd
Manabari Dist.: Jalpaiguri Black Tea 52.95
154
163 Seeyok Tea
Company Ltd
Mirik, Dist.:Darjeeling Black Tea 1.54
164 Sethia Oils
Ltd
Pemra Dist.:Burdwan Vanaspati 0.98
165 Sethia Oils
Ltd
Pemra Dist.:Burdwan Vegetable Fats & Oils 6.70
166 Sethia Oils
Ltd
2, Indian Exchange Place, Kolkata-
700001, Ph:220-5055, 221-4391,
Fax:220-0248
Rice Bran Oil 6.00
167 Sona Biscuits
Ltd
Biscuits 6.72
168 Arambagh
Hatcheries
Ltd
59b, Chowringhee Road, Kolkata-700
020 Ph:- 2283 2617 Fax:- 2283
2552
Poultry Feed 1.63
169 Haldiram
Bhujiawala
(P) Ltd
Nazrul Islam Avenu Papad & 6 More 5.51
170 Hurdeodass
Co Pvt Ltd
Tea Black Leaf In Bulk 7.28
171 Purty
Vanaspati Pvt
Ltd.
(Formerly
Paceman
Sales
Promotion P
Ltd.)
Kalachhra, Chanditala, Serampore,
Hooghly-712702 Ph:- 03212 263755
Fax:-03212 263756
Refined Vegetable Oils
30000 Mt
1.00
172 Rai Mohan
Tea And
Plantations
Debijhora Tea Black Leaf In Bulk 10.50
173 Shree
Madhav
Edible
Products P
11,Braborne Road, 5th Floor,
Kolkata-700001, Ph:2242-9578
Refined Vegetable Oil 1.11
174 Anmol
Biscuits Pvt.
Ltd.
229, A. J. C. Bose Road, Kolkata-700
020 Ph:- 2280 1277 Fax:- 22242441
Biscuits 2.08
175 Bharat
Margarine
Ltd.
Bishnupur,D H Road, Dist.:South
24parganas
Margaring Bakery & 3 More 1.31
176 Evergreen Tea-Processing & Blending 2.52
155
Dooars Tea
Pvt Ltd
177 Farm Tea &
Chemicals Pvt
Ltd
Rajgang Tea (Ctc) 2.80
178 Limtex Tea
Industries Ltd
Calcutta Black Tea Packets 1.22
179 Supreme Oil
Industries
Ltd.
Solvent Extract Rice Bran Oil & 1
More
5.80
180 Terai Tea Co
Ltd
Darjeeling Tea Manufacturing 1.10
181 Skfm Ltd Uluberia Ind.Growt Poultry Feed 0.60
182 A.C. Paul
Ariculture Co.
Pvt L
Islampur Black Tea 0.00
183 Britannia
Industries Ltd
Taratolla Road,Garden Reach,
Dist.:South 24parganas
Biscuit Incluing Wafer & 1 More 1.22
184 Cachar King
Plantations P
Ltd
Black Ctc Tea 25.02
185 Cachar King
Plantations
Pvt Ltd
Situvita Tea Factory, Bidhan Nagar,
Phansidewa, Darjeeling, Pin -
734426, Ph: 03532501908
Black Ctc Tea-1000000 Kgs 1.59
186 Chandan Tea
Industries
(P)Ltd
Daspara Black Tea 10.21
187 Kamala Tea
Company Ltd.
Darjeeling Black Tea Leaf In Bulk 3.19
188 Metro Dairy
Ltd.
Barasat , Dist.:North 24parganas Milk Of Differen & 3 More 1.47
189 Mother Dairy
Calcutta
Kusigachi Dankuni Toned Milk 47.44
190 Shree
Madhav
Edible
Products P
11,Braborne Road, 5th Floor,
Kolkata-700001, Ph:2242-9578
Hydrogenated Veg & 3 More 1122.00
191 Bengal
Beverages
Pvt. Ltd
Dankuni, Dankuni-712310 Tel:
26593715 Fax:26593714
Aerated Water 1.95
156
192 D P Agro
Mills Pvt Ltd
Alamganj Rice Bran Oil-So & 3 More 9.58
193 Pioneer Tea
& Exports Ltd
Bidhannagar Dist.:Darjeeling Tea Black 5.69
194 Potatoking
Foods Ltd.
Wbiidc Growth Center, Birshibpur,
Howrah-711303 Ph. 09831040200
Dehydrated Potato
Flakes/Products-5000mt
1.13
195 Kalyani Yeast Bakers Yeast 13.76
196 Bengal
Beverages
Pvt. Ltd
Dankuni, Dankuni-712310 Tel:
26593715 Fax:26593714
Aerated Water -F & 1 More 300.00
197 Bharat
Margarine
Ltd.
Khariberia ,Dist.:South 24parganas Bakery Compound 8.48
198 Aditi Oil
Limited
4, Chowringhee Lane, Diamond
Cham,Bl-Iii Kolkata-700016 Tel:
22521863 Fax:22521862
Refined Veg Oil-36000mt
[2]Blended Veg Oil-15000mt
[3]Vanaspati-15000mt 15000mt
0.00
199 Darshananan
d Holdings
Pvt Ltd (Unit
Bajranga Tea)
Budharugaon, P.O. Chitalghata,
Bidhannagar, Darjeeling Ph-
22208597 Fax:
Tea Processing 1000000kgs 59.77
200 Norben Tea &
Exports Ltd
Berubari Tea Black, Leaf & 3 More 3.19
201 Ruchi Soya
Industries Ltd
`2g, Neelamber Building',
28b,Shakespeare Sarani, Kolkata-
700017, Ph:2281-3266,2247-8526,
Fax:2240-5187
Soyabean, Sunflower Palm Oil
Cake (2179)-1500000mt 2]Refined
Edible Veg Oil & Fats (2110)-
450000mt, 3]Veg. Oils & Fats
(2110)-150000mt 4]Food
Products (2190)-120000mt
518.18
202 Shree
Madhav
Edible
Products P
Hydrogeneted Veg & 4 More 0.00
203 Sunrise
Products Ltd
Dharala Panagarh Synthetic Syrup Mix 11.00
204 Vinda Vashni
Oils (Pvt) Ltd.
Sainthia, Harishkopa, Birbhum-
731234, Tele-09434249410,
Blended Refined Oil-12000mt 8.29
Annexure 9.3
List of Ayurvedic & Unani Medicine Manufacturing Units, West Bengal Ayurvedic
157
Sl.No
Name of the Firm Phone No Lic. No. Dt. Of Licence
1. A.B.Herbals, Sree Hari Complex, Jangalpur, Arbori, Sankarial, Howrah.
9830175277 AL-839-M 03.10.02
2. ACME Pharma Laboratory 2,Niranjan Pally, Narkel Bagan, P. O. R.Gopalpur, 24-Pgns(N), Kol-136
9433129870 AL-909-M 05.10.09
3. A.T.Drugs & Pharmaceuticals M-79(New-39) Rishi Bankim Road, Birati, Kolkata-700051, (loan on M/S
Biosyn Laboratory, Kol-51)
9749663129 AL-76-M(L) 12.05.10
4. Adcco Ltd., Adcconagar, Dist. Hooghly. 9830771708 AL-356-M 16.04.79
5. A.G.A.Chemical ,26B/A, G.T.Rd , Kazipara, P.O.Baidyabati, Dist. Hoogly.
09838911509
033-32475380
AL-907-M 24.06.09
6. A.G.A.Herb & Herbals Sitaram Market, 1st
fl., Champadani,
Baidyabati, Hooghly. (Loan on M/S.Indigenco Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd.)
03326325241
AL-80-M(L) 24.11.10
7. Akansha Hair & Skin Care Herbal Unit Pvt.Ltd. S20/1&S20/2, Kasba Industrial Estate,Phase-1,Kol.700107
AL-858-M 30.08.07
8. Allen Laboratories Ltd.,Allen Estate, Allen Bhawan, Krishnapur Rd., Kol-700102
25717273
AL-812-M 06.01.99
9. Amit Biotech Pvt. Ltd., 21, Ballygunge Circular Rd. 2nd
. floor, R.No.21,Kol-65. (Loan on M/S Giriraj Herbals (I) Pvt. Ltd. Baruipur Ind. Estt. 24Pgns (S).
9831023844 AL-71-M(L) 06.08.09
10. Ammlonash Churna Co., Vill.Hatibagan, P.O.Jiagung, Murshidabad.
03483255674
9732759826
Al-380-M 27.07.06
11. Ammlozin Kutir,P.O+Vill. Sayestanagar, Baduria, 24-Pgns(N)
9804242538
03217243222
AL-374-M 26.07.09
12. Amrawati Ayurved 49/66/5/1, Rabindra Sarani,
Rishra, Hoogly.
9831068976 AL-920-M 25.10.10
13. Angel Industries (India) ,273(New-341) , Colonel K.P.Gupta Rd., Nabanagar, Halisahar, 24-Pgns(N). (Loan on M/s.S.C.Pharmaceuticals)
AL-59-M(L) 10.04.08
14. Anmol Health Care Pvt.Ltd., Budge Budge Trunk Rd., Old Dakghar, Maheshtala, 24-Pgns(S)
2492-2049
AL-847-M 02.01.08
15. Anupama Ayurvedic Drug Co. 12B/13, East Mall Rd. Kol-700080 (Loan on M/S. B.D.Enterprises)
2559-3039 AL-48-M(L) 24.07.06
158
16. Ascharya Malam Chemical Works Pvt. Ltd., 40/2, Lakshminarayan Chakraborty Lane, Kadamtala, Howrah.
9883205814 AL-902-M 14.01.09
17. Ashok Chemicals, Gar Shyamnagar, (Talikhola), P.O. Shyamnagar, 24-Pgns(N)
9883697431
8013137839
AL-688-M 26.12.03
18. Asiatic Herbs, B. P. Rd. Amtala, 24-Pgns(S) AL-819-M 15.06.99
19. Asoka Life Science Ltd., 26/27, Bangur Av. Block-C, 1
st.floor, Kol-700055 (Loanon M/S.Dasgupta
Pharmaceutical)
9831002001 AL-60-M(L) 29.04.08
20. Asoka Life Science Ltd. 26/27,Bangur Av. Block C, 1st
floor, Kolkata-700055 (loan on M/S.Giriraj Herbals (I) Pvt Ltd. 24-Pgns (S)
AL-72-M(L) 06.08.09
21. Ashoka Life Science Ltd. 401, Lake Town, Block- B, Kol-89 (Loan on M/S.MEGAMED, Plot -72
P.S. Bhangor, 24-Pgns (S)
AL-78-M(L) 15.06.10
22. Ayursakti Rasayansala (Regd.), 285,Rabindra Sarani, Kol-6 (Loan on M/S.Harold Pharmaceuticals)
AL-67-M(L) 14.01.09
23. Ayurved Bhawan Dacca, 91/B, Khalisani, Garer Dhar, P.O.Chandannagar, Hoogly(Loan on M/S. Bans Pharmaceuticals)
9830291678
AL-64-M(L) 29.08.08
24. Ayurvedia Dacca Pharmacy, Bosepukur Rd. P.O. Rajpur, Sonarpur, 24-Pgns(S)
AL-248-M 08.09.77
25. Ayurvedic Gabesana Kendra , Noorpur Road, Vill. Haridevpur, P.O. Sarisa, 24-Pgn(S)
9775519040 AL-903-M 21.04.09
26. Ballygunge Health Care Pvt. Ltd. 91B, Dr. G.S.Bose Rd. Kol-700039 Loan on M/S.Harold Pharmaceuticals, Champahati,
24-Pgns (S)
AL-81-M(L) 09.12.10
27. B.D.Enterprises, BakhrahatRd. Hanspukur, Greenpark, Joka, 24-Pgns(S)
9830128256 AL-874-M 04.05.06
28. Baidyaraj Ayurvedic Bhavan, Vill. Ghatakpukur, P.O.Gobindapur, P.S.Bhangar, 24-Pgns(S)
03218271032
AL-893-M 07.08.09
29. Ballygunge Pharmaceutical Works, 14/104, Kadamtala Lane, Pipulpatti, Hoogly (Loan on M/S. Deekay Pharma)
AL-62-M(L) 17.07.08
30. Bangshi Ayurved Research & Co. 2No, Kalighat Rd., Guriahati, Cooch- Behar
AL-853-M 06.01.04
31. Bans Pharmaceuticals, Baikunthapur, Kalitala, Tribeni, Hoogly
9339848106 AL-852-M 09.12.03
159
32. Brahma Pharmacy, P.O.+Vill. Khatra, Dist. Bankura, Pin-722140
9883224738
9231686083
AL-905-M 02.06.09
33. Basanti Herbal Products, 4 New Panchanantala Rd. Belghoria, Kol-700055 (Loan on M/S. B.D. Enterprises, 24-Pgns(S)
AL-51-M(L) 27.02.04
34. Butto Kristo Paul Pharmaceuticals, 80, Beniatola St. Kol-700005
9830954907
9830057948
AL-803-M 18.03.04
35. Bengal Chemical Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , 164, Manicktala Main Rd. Kol-700054
AL-124-M 03.08.76
36. Bengal Chemicals& Pharmaceuticals Ltd. , 164, Manicktala Main Road, Kolkata-700054, (Loan on M/S. Allen Laboratories Ltd. Krishnapur Rd. Kol-102
AL-70-M(L) 14.07.09
37. Bengal Research and Chemical Laboratory Pvt.Ltd., Jalan Industrial Complex, Begri Gram Panchyet, Sankharidaha, Howrah
9831060714
24738007
9831241467
AL-879-M 23.06.06
38. Beston Herbal Product. 31,Prasanna Chatterjee Rd. Ghola Bazar, Sodepur ,24-Pgns(N)
9332047757
9339103688
2563-3484
AL-694-M 27.08.08
39. Bhabani Ausadhalay Dacca, 70, Aurobinda Rd. Naihati 24-Pgns(N)
9831904015 AL-190-M 25.06.86
40. Bharati Ayurvedic Laboratories, East Udairajpur, Daspara, Madhyamgram, Kolkata-700129.
06244271288
09430485033
AL-881-M 23.12.09
41. Bijoli Chemical Works, 3, Masjid Bari St. 2nd
.Floor, Kol-700006
AL-771-M 06.05.93
42. Biswambhar Saha & Sons. 15, Kali Krishna Tagore St. Kol.700007 (Loan on Deekay Pharma , Hoogly)
AL-66-M(L) 18.12.08
43. Biosyn Laboratory, 38, Kalyan Co.op. Society, M.B.Rd., Birati, Kol-700051
9903954296
2350-7324
AL-83-M 20.04.76
44. BMPS Pharmaceuticals, 153/4, Becharam Chatterjee Rd, Behala, Kol-700034
983158858 AL-884-M 01.12.06
45. Botany Pharmaceutical, NPR Park, Vill.Chapuria, P.O. Nilgunj Bazar,24-Pgns(N)
9903930408
25351032
AL-838-M 13.09.02
46. Brahmachari Ayurvedia Gabesan Kendra Ved Aved Dham, Panchanantala Rd. Sukchar, Kol-700115
2534-3865 AL-900-M 24.12.08
47. Branolia Chemical Works , Kasba Industrial Estate, PhaseII, Plot-31, E.M.Bypass, Kol-700078
2442-7407 AL-817-M 24.05.99
160
48. Burnet Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. 85,Tiljola Rd. Kol-700039 (Loan onM/S.Indian National Drugs Co. Pvt. Ltd )
4012-1919
9433015592
9830574612
AL-31-M(L) 27.06.03
49. C.M.Amlogin Churna Co.Pvt. Ltd.
P.O+Vill. Sayestanagar, P.S.Baduria, 24-Pgns(N)
AL-38-M 11.11.08
50. Care Drugs(India), 68/D. Dr.S.P.Mukherjee St. Hoogly. 9883207262 AL-567-M 29.11.05
51. Central Research Institute (Ayurved), 4,C.N.Block, Sec.V, Bidhannagar, Kolkata-700091
AL-901-M 07.01.09
52. Chemico Laboratory, Madhyamgram, Bidhanpally, 24Pgns(N)
2538-6233 AL-760-M 22.06.05
53. Chyavan Ayurvedic Research Laboratory, 5A, Khalisakota Pally, Birati, Kol-700051
9830819862 AL-836-M 04.07.02
54. Cure Pharmaceuticals, P, 170, C.I.T. Scheme No.V11M, Kolkata-700054. (Loan on M/S. Harold Pharmaceuticals)
9874788206 AL-32-M(L) 01.01.10
55. D.Fenil& Co., 215/1, S.N.Roy Road, Kol-700038 2400-6211 AL-208-M 16.05.77
56. Dabur India Ltd., N.S.Basu Rd. Narendrapur, Kol-700103
AL-529-M 13.10.86
57. Dacca Ausadhalaya Pvt.Ltd. 424,Nagendra Nath Rd. (Old: 58,Satgachi Rd), Dum Dum, Kol-28
AL-708-M 06.05.88
58. Dasgupta Pharmaceuticals, Moynagarh, P.O.Roypur, P.S.Maheshtala, 24-Pgns(S)
2472-5858
9432580357
AL-895-M 14.01.08
59. Dass Labs. 193/4,G.T.Rd. East End, Sripally, Burdwan 9332220917
03422550876
AL-654-M 26.02.04
60. Deekay Pharma, Peara Bagan , Dist.Hoogly 2680-2231/3483
AL-698-M 26.11.87
61. Deep Pharmaceutical Ayurvedic, 64,J.C.Khan Rd. Mankundu, Hoogly (Loan on M/s.Indigenco Pharmaceutical Pvt.Ltd)
2363-0131
2685-2835
AL-37-M(L) 31.10.06
62. Delta Chemical Industries(P) Ltd, 235/A/2, N.S.Bose Rd. Kol-700047
AL-223-M 06.01.83
63. Dey’s Medical Stores (Mfg) Ltd. 62, Bondel Rd. Kolkata-700019
22871381 AL-535-M 28.02.83
64. Dipan Herbal Pharmacy ,Surja Sen Sarani, Banipur, P.S.Habra, 24-Pgns (N)
9832132815
03216233764
AL-913-M 17.03.10
161
65. Divisional Forest Office , NTFP Divn, NTFP Beat, Govt. of West Bengal, Taipu, Darjeeling
03532435531
9832042165
AL-908-M 22.09.09
66. Dr.P.Mazumder’s Antibactrin, 4/70, Chanditala Lane, Kol-700040
9830064075
9830978794
AL-322-M 27.09.88
67. Drug Land , 63/14,P.Majumder Rd Kolkata-700078 9051642057 AL-16-M 14.05.09
68. Durjodhan Herbal Home, 8, Ganga Prasad Mukherjee Rd. Kol-700025
2424-3790
9163230464
AL-197-M 15.04.77
69. East India Pharmaceutical Works Ltd. 119,Biren Roy Rd.(W), Kol- 61
AL-888-M 01.02.07
70. Emami Ltd., 13,B.T.Road, Kolkata-700056 6622-3300/3180
9830024116
AL-511-M 01.09.06
71. ESS Pharma, 45,Bhola Nath Street. Kolkata-700036 2578-5643
9831928122
AL-103-M 02.06.76
72. Eucon Pharmaceuticals, 99A, Natun Pukur,Barasat, 24-Pgns(N)
9830401734 AL-318-M 06.01.83
73. Eureka Company, 137,J.P.Road, Word No.6, Kolkata-700081
AL-890-M 18.04.07
74. Everest Herbal Research, 316,Chak Garia, Sreenagar Main Rd. Kol-94
2432-0651
9433077899
AL-752-M 18.06.01
75. Food&Drug Corporation, Ealias Rd. Agarpara,Kolkata-700058
AL-595-M 23.11.84
76. G.A.Research Corporation, Santinagar, P.O.Madanpur, Nadia.
AL-31-M 30.01.76
77. Gan Laboratory (P) Ltd., Barrackpur Rd. P.o.Noapara, Barasat, Kol-125
9433373513 AL-891-M 19.04.07
78. Giriraj Herbals(India) Pvt.Ltd., Shed No. S/2, Baruipur Industrial Estate, Fultala, Baruipur, 24-Pgns(S)
9830475325
2433-5156/5700
AL-875-M 16.05.06
79. Glamour World Ayurvedic Co. Pvt Ltd. 29, North Nowdapara Rd. Kol.-57
32989750
AL-867-M 07.05.08
80. Glamour World Ayurvedic Co Pvt.Ltd. 29/3A, North Nowdapara Road,Kolkata-700057 ( Loan on M/S. Herbs-N-Drugs, Sukantanagar, Barasat, 24-Pgns(N)
- Do- AL-79-M(L) 19.11.10
81. Goodcare Pharma Pvt. Ltd. Bagi, Bishnupur-1, 24-Pgns(S)
AL-104-M 14.10.99
82. Goodman Pharmaceuticals (India) Pvt.Ltd 95,Shyamnagar Rd. Kolkata-700055
AL-551-M 21.06.83
162
83. Gorachand Peer Laboratory, Kamdevpur, P.O.Mirhati, Amdanga, 24-Pgns(N)
9830851490 AL-761-M 02.05.92
84. Gupta Shitrag Karyalay, 47/50, Girish Ghosh Lane, Ghusuri, Howrah
AL-582-M 27.08.84
85. H.L.Slimming Point Pvt.Ltd., 100, Aurobinda Sarani, Kol-6 (Loan on M/S. Herbs-N-Drugs)
2554-4325 AL-46-M(L) 08.06.06
86. H.S.B.Ayurvedic Products, Lane No. 4, Road No.3, Jalan Industrial Complex, Sankrail, Domjur, Howrah
9831215317 AL-878-M 23.06.06
87. Hahnemann Herbal Limited , Vill.Shyampur, P.O. Beliatore, P.S.Borjora, Bankura
91336613/6214
AL-897-M 18.03.09
88. Harold Pharmaceuticals, P.O+Vill. Champahati, Church Road , 24-Pgns(S).
9433123514 AL-550-M 10.06.83
89. Herbaid, P.O. Narayanpur, Via.R.Gopalpur, Dum Dum Airport, Monikhola, 24-Pgns(N).
9331848108 AL-833-M 04.06.04
90. Herbal Research Institute,178, Netaji Subhas Av. , Sreerampur, Dist. Hoogly
2662-0350
2212-1866
AL-179-M 07.08.09
91. Hebicure (Pvt) Ltd., Metro Garden City, Chakrajumolla, P.S. Bishnupur, 24-Pgns(S)
9831245011
9831245099
2247-8033/34
AL-828-M 16.02.01
92. Herbid (India) Pvt.Ltd. 2/5A, Biharilal Ghosh Rd . P.O. Ariadaha, Kol-57
9830481574 AL-22-M 28.02.08
93. Herbochem Remedies India (P) Ltd. 10, Musalmanpara Rd., Elachi, Narendrapur, 24-Pgns(S)
2477-3654
9831191166-64
AL-816-M 19.05.99
94. Herbo-Med (P) Ltd. 237/C, S.D.Chatterjee Rd. P.O+P.S. Baruipur, 24-Pgns(S)
9831023181
2370-7365
AL-880-M 29.06.06
95. Herbs Era Pharmaceuticals (P) Ltd., Udairajpur, 24-Pgns(N)
25267577
9433025365
AL-88-M 05.05.76
96. Herbs India, 1,Gupta Lane, Kolkata-700006 AL-789-M 08.02.95
97. Herbs-N-Drugs, Nutanpukur Rd. Sukantanagar, Barasat, 24-Pgns(N)
2562-4621 AL-844-M 03.04.03
98. Herb-N-Herbs, Vill. Chakchata, P.O.Roypur, P.S. Maheshtala, 24-Pgns(S)
9830548131 AL-813-M 25.01.99
99. Himalay Herbal Products, Khudirampally, Sitalpur Rd., Islampur, Uttar Dinajpur
AL-842-M 22.10.02
100. Indian Ayurved Udyog, Saktigarh Rd. No.3, Siliguri, Darjeeling. (Loan on M/S. Harold Pharmaceuticals)
AL-36-M(L) 14.06.04
163
101. Indian Drug Laboratories, 58, Maharaja Nandakumar Rd. Kolkata-700051
25144268
9883241741
AL-678-M 17.03.82
102. Indian National Drug Co. (P) Ltd., 5/2, Dr.S.C.Banerjee Rd. Kol-700085
9830040835 AL-830-M 16.07.01
103. Indigenco Pharmaceuticals (P) Ltd. Morepukur, Dakshinpara, Rishra, Hoogly
9433442016 AL-728-M 03.02.89
104. Indigenous Pharma Remedies, 37, West Kamalpur, Dum Dum, Kol-700028
9433180388 AL-800-M 21.11.96
105. J & S Ayurveda Products Pvt. Ltd. Plot No. 7/1, Nonadanga Industrial Area, 759, Anandapur, Kol-700107.
2440-4244 AL-904-M 12.05.09
106. Jivan Sambridhi Medical Marketing Ltd., 137, Canel Street, Sribhumi, Kolkata-700048. (Loan on M/S.
Lalmohan Aushadhalaya, Goipur, Gobardanga, 24-Pgns(N)
033-3221-6061
9830014893
AL-82-M(L) 09.12.10
107. Jivak Ayurved, 14, Ramkrishna Rd. Rishra, Hoogly. 2672-3605
9830152166
AL-295-M 29.03.78
108. Joy Herbal House, 55, Ealias Rd, Kolkata-700058 2553-7190 AL-130-M 12.08.10
109. Jupiter Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 620, D.H.Rd., Behala Industrial Estate, Kolkata-700034
AL-606-M 23.12.03
110. Jupiter Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Behala Industrial Estate, 620, D.H.Rd. Kol-34 (Loan on M/S. Allen Labs.Ltd.)
AL-43-M(L) 27.05.05
111. Kalyan Ayurved Pvt. Ltd. NH-6, Mansadanga, P.O. Bankra, P.S. Domjur, Howrah.
9331027801
033-26426380
AL-919-M 21.07.10
112. Karunamoyee Pharmaceuticals, P.O.+Vill. Dostipur, UstiRd., P.S. Falta, 24-Pgns(S)
9732545911 AL-894-M 06.12.07
113. Kaviraj N.C.Chakraborty & Co., Gokulpur, Katagunj, Kalyani, Nadia
AL-801-M 26.06.02
114. Kaviraj N.N.Sen & Co. Pvt. Ltd., P-73, Amritlal Mukherjee Rd. Kol-63
2496-2580 AL-831-M 18.07.01
115. Kohinoor Ayurvedic Works 69/1, East Ghoshpara Road, P.O. Jagaddal, 24-Pgns(N) (Loan on M/S.Walton & Co, 4Pathak Para Lane, P.O. Nalta, Kol-28.)
9332221903
9339698444
AL-68-M(L) 25.01.11
116. Lalmohan Ausadhalay, Vill.Goipur, P.O. Gobardanga, 24-Pgns(N)
03216249777
AL-655-M 16.10.07
117. Lama Pharmaceuticals, Sukantanagar, P.O.Michael Nagar, 24-Pgns(N)
2235-9808 AL-522-M 03.12.82
164
118. Liods Herbal. 107,Mitrapara 2nd
Lane, P.O.Harinavi P.S.Sonarpur, Kolkata-700148
9903813195
9903963426
AL_892-M 27.06.07
119. Livoplex & Co. 14,Vivekananda Rd. Bansberia, Hoogly 9748869715
9836482396
AL-175-M 21.12.10
120. Lokochem Pharma. 68, Bagjola Link Road, Kol-700065 AL-780-M 27.11.08
121. Loren Beautifier (P) Ltd., Nazrul Islam Av., Teghoria, Hatiara, Kolkata-700059
AL-611-M 29.04.85
122. M.M.Ayurvedic Pvt.Ltd. 35/32, P.K.Biwas Rd. Khardah, 24-Pgns(N)
2583-9513 AL-837-M 25.08.06
123. Madona Pharmaceutical Research Pvt.Ltd., Narayanpur, P.O. R.Gopalpur, 24-Pgns(N)
25515909
9831513539
AL-899-M 12.12.08
124. Mascot Drugs India. 793/613 Kailas NagarBandel, Hoogly (Loan on M/S.Bans Pharmaceuticals)
AL-52-M(L) 18.07.07
125. Masolin Herbal (P) Ltd. Palm Village Complex, Vill. Bhasa (Bagi), P.O.+P.S. Bishnupur. 24-Pgns (S)
AL-918-M 23.06.10
126. M/S. Masolin Herbal Pvt. Ltd. 1,British Indian St.Mez. Floor, Room No.21, Kolkata 700069 (Loan on M/S. Indigenco Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd.)
9433018197 AL-69-M(L) 24.03.09
127. Maya Ayurved Bhawan, Sainpala, Natunpukur, Basirhat, 24-Pgns(N)
9903383535
2533-3382
9434826639
AL-815-M 08.06.07
128. Mc Nroe Chemicals (Ayv Divn), 12,Biswambhar Mallick Lane, Kol-700005
32500005 AL-793-M 15.04.98
129. Medas Pharmaceuticals, 98,M.M.Ghosh Road,
Kolkata-700074
65101687 AL-915-M 05.05.10
130. MEGAMED Plot-72, Kolkata- Basanti Road,
P.S. Bhangar, 24-Pgns (S )
9831047597 AL-917-M 31.05.10
131. Medico Pharmaceuticals Research, 2, Bijoy Ch.Majumder Rd. (Old), 383/1,Sarat Bose Rd. South Subhas Nagar , Kol.-700065
9434743002 AL-658-M 08.07.86
132. Mendine Pharmaceuticals Pvt.Ltd. 6A&B,Alipore Rd. Kol-27 (Loan on M/S.Indian National Drug Co. Pvt. Ltd.)
9830268556 AL-63-M(L) 17.07.08
133. Micro Laboratory, P.O+Vill.Asurali,Bankura 2663-6833
03244247095
9433503287
AL-98-M 18.04.07
134. Monson International, 140,Stream Laundry More, Kol-700096
9903830914 AL-829-M 02.07.01
165
135. Musuru Vaidya Ayurvedic Medicine Industries, Nalangi Bari, Nisigunj, Mathabhanga , Cooch Behar
03583266382
9434136651
AL-882-M 29.11.07
136. N.C,P.Works, 98, G.T.Road, Sakher Bazar, Bhadrakali, Hoogly.
9830082253
9433113809
AL-784-M 08.12.97
137. Nagarjun Ayurvedic Pharmacy, Purba Vidyadharpur, Via. Shyamnagar. 24-Pgns(N)
AL-377-M 30.07.79
138. Natural Herb, 20, Kustia Road, P.O. Tiljala, Kolkata-700039
9831116674 AL-912-M 23.12.09
139. Natural Remedies, Hari Mohan Dalal Rd.,Basirhat, 24-Pgns(N)
03217265627
AL-471-M 16.12.04
140. Nature & Cure, Ambagan, Nabapally, Barasat, 24-Pgns(N)
AL-657-M 24.06.86
141. Neolab Biotech Industries 36/2, Phase I, Industrial Estate,
Kalyani, Nadia.
9433457988 AL-617-M 19.02.10
142. Niranjan Ayurved Bhawan. Plot No .1943, J.L.No.154, Bajkul Kismat, Midnapur(E)
AL-108-M 12.06.76
143. Nutrit Products. 41,Tiwari Para Lane, Dist. Hoogly 9433883935 AL-267-M 19.11.77
144. Ojas Research Centre Pvt. Ltd., RAA/16,Raghunathpur,Deshbandhu- nagar, Rajarhat, Kol-700059
9830015735 AL-845-M 24.04.03
145. Orchido Labs. (Ayurvedic Divn), P.O+Vill. Chowberia, 24-Pgns(N)
AL-778-M 18.11.94
146. Paharpur Ousadhalaya (P) Ltd., 98,M.M. Ghosh Road, Dum Dum, Kolkata-700074
2529-0419 AL-369-M 11.10.06
147. Palchem Pharmacon, Holding No.67, Ward No4, Rishi Aurobinda Rd., Madhyamgram. 24-Pgns(N)
AL-628-M 08.08.85
148. Pandit Ramchandra Sharma, 15, Daspara Rd. (K.B.M.Rd), Ultadanga, Kol-700067
AL-85-M 20.11.07
149. Parampara Ayurveda. 451/4 G,T.Rd (S), Sibpur, Howrah. (Loan on M/S. Herbs-N-Drugs)
9831601017 AL-49-M(L) 22.05.09
150. Parampara Ayurved, 234, M.G.Road, Thakurpukur,
Kolkata-700063
9831601017 AL-914-M 08.04.10
151. Paschim Banga Rajya Pratibandhi Sammilani , 499/1,Anandapur, Local; P-58, Phase II, 1
st. Floor, Kol-
700107. (Loan on M/S. Hahnemann Herbal Ltd. Vill Shyampur, P.O.Beliatore, P.S.Borjora, Bankura )
9830262246 AL-74-M(L) 09.10.09
152. Patrochem Pharma ,100 (71), M.P.Sarani,
Kolkata-700049.
9831146737 AL-910-M 23.12.09
166
153. People’s Research Laboratory, 24, Kalimuddin Sarkar Lane, Kolkata-700010
9830372910
23510034
AL-870-M 11.07.05
154. Prafulla Chandra Pharmaceutical Laboratory, 52, Bagjola Link Rd. South Subhasnagar, Kol.-700065.
2566-5583
3433933325
AL-861-M 08.10.04
155. Prova Products. College Para, Raigunj, Uttar Dinajpur AL-873-M 28.04.06
156. Raja Ayurved Kendra 7, B.T.Road, Sukchar (Girja ),
Kolkata-700115
2583-8466
9432392813
AL-911-M 10.02.10
157. R.A.Pharmaceutical, 19/1, Srimanipara Lane, Kol-36 (Loan on M/S. S.C. Pharmaceuticals Pvt.Ltd.)
9239393847
6417-7228
AL-56-M(L) 08.11.07
158. Re-Life Pharmaceuticals, Vill. Chanditala , P.O.Khantura, 24-Pgns (N)
9732570771 AL-785-M 12.07.94
159. Reliable Laboratories India. 29/28, Kasimpur Rd. Pearabagan, Hoogly. (Loan on M/S Bans Pharmaceuticals
AL-53-M(L) 18.07.07
160. Rozy Ointment Mfg.Co., Kholapota, Mothurapur Colony, 24-Pgns(N)
AL-507-M 07.07.82
161. Sadhana Ausadhalaya-Dacca 36, Sadhana Ausadhalay Road, Kolkata-700048
2241-4688 AL-169-M 24.06.09
162. SANTON BIOTEK 1667/1/1&1667/1/2 ,Masjid Bari Rd.
Nabapally, Barasat, 24-Pgns(N), (Kol-126)
9331884889 AL-921-M 23.11.10
163. Sarada Ausadhalay –Dacca Rathtala, P.O. Fingapara, 24-Pgns(N)
AL-775-M 22.10.09
164. S.A.Drug Enterprises, 359, Thakurpukur Rd. Bakhrahat, Kol-63
AL-521-M 30.11.82
165. S.C.Chemicals, P-942, Lake Town, Block-A, Kolkata-700089
9339329828
2521-5559
AL-72-M 27.02.07
166. S.C.Pharmaceuticals (P) Ltd. Nagdah, Kampa, 24-Pgns(N)
2587-1966
9748981052
AL-806-M 02.04.98
167. S.D.Pharmaceuticals, Gurdah Natun Pally, Shyamnagar, 24-Pgns(N).
9433905105 AL-167-M 24.11.08
168. S.K.Dass 2, Beadon Row ,Kolkata-700006 AL-906-M 15.06.09
169. S.K.Pharma, Budge Budge Road, Rampur 24-Pgns(N) 2401-1138
9831318945
AL-336-M 13.10.78
170. Sahul India Ltd. Bombay Rd. NH-6, Mouja: Chamrail, P.S. Liluah, Howrah.
2242-4159/0624
AL-868-M 25.05.05
171. Sanjivak Ayurvedic Pharma, P.O.+Vill. Akaipur, P.S. Gopalnagar, 24-Pgns(N)
AL-856-M 07.04.04
167
172. Santi Ousadhalaya Hoogly Dacca, Sahebbagan, Chandannagar, Hoogly.
9830191588 AL-312-M 05.03.10
173. Sharma Ayurved Pvt. Ltd., 35, R.B.S. Rd, Angus, Hoogly 9830050522 AL-520-M 09.08.99
174. Shaw Chemo Herbals, 3/1A, N.C. Das Road, Kolkata-700034, (Loan on M/S. Harold Pharmaceuticals, 24-Pgns(S)
AL-73-M(L) 05.10.09
175. Shree Baidyanath Ayurved Bhawan Pvt. Ltd., P-83, Benaras Rd. Howrah.
2259-2625 /1016/1017
AL-17-M 29.12.03
176. Shree Dhanwantari Laboratories (Calcutta), 80C/1/1D, Jyogadyan Lane, Kolkata-700054
9831473832 AL-381-M 07.05.82
177. Sri Mayapur Ayurvedic Research & Development Trust.
P.O. Sri Mayapur. Dist. Nadia
9432530888 AL-916-M 12.05.10
178. Sisupali Pharmachem (P) Ltd., Saktigar, Birati, Kolkata-700051
9007328691 AL-716-M 02.11.93
179. Solace Herbals Pvt. Ltd. Plot No 153, WIIDC, Cooch Behar Industrial Growth Centre, Chakchaka, Kotwali, Cooch Behar.
03582-223562
9434743622
AL-863-M 04.02.05
180. Southern Health Improvement Samity, Nalpukur, Jagulgachi, Bhangor, 24-Pgns(S)
AL-872-M 10.03.06
181. Stafford Pharmaceuticals, Nalta, Kolkata-28 (Loan On M/S. Walton &Co)
AL-10-M(L) 30.12.82
182. Standard Pharmaceuticals Ltd., 1D’ Cruze Garden Lane, Sreerampur, Hoogly
9830951092 AL-518-M 01.04.02
183. State Pharmacopoeial Laboratory &Pharmacy For Indian Medicine, Kalyani, Nadia.
2589-6281 AL-865-M 16.03.05
184. Sunshine Pharmaceuticals, 502 ,Khaihata, P.O. Mangal Bari, Malda
9609758628 AL-886-M 07.12.06
185. Surya Universal Pvt. Ltd. Nilgunj Rd.,P.O. Agarpara, 24-Pgns(N)
AL-848-M 14.05.03
186. Susruta Laboratories P. Ltd., Champahati, 24-Pgns(S) AL-742-M 24.07.90
187. Swasti Sevak Kutir Silpam. Satsang Swasti Sibir, Kalinagar, Krishnanagar, Nadia
9434165557 AL-722-M 07.09.88
188. Swastik Ayurved Home. 507/2, Jessore Rd. Kol-700074 (Loan on M/S.Deekay Pharma)
9007459202 AL-65-M(L) 15.10.08
189. Tarak Nath Chemical Works, P.O.+Vill. Jangalpara, Tarekeswar, Hoogly
AL-302-M 29.04.78
190. The Dacca Ayurvedia Pharmacy Ltd. Daliahouse, Srijanpally, Dattapukur, 24-Pgns(N)
AL-862-M 09.12.04
191. The Life Medicine (P) Ltd. 14, Sarat Bose Rd. Rajbari Colony, Birati , Kolkata-700081
AL-667-M 31.08.94
168
192. The Pahar Pharmaceuticals, P.O. +Vill. Dogachi, Krishnanagar, Nadia
9434105265 AL-885-M 01.12.06
193. Tofa Ayurved Complex , Charghatbazar, Swarupnagar, 24Pgns(N)
9434379334
9830744512
AL-799-M 17.01.96
194. Triochem Laboratories, Nabagram, Panchpota, 24-Pgns(S)
AL-408-M 11.02.80
195. Triskand Ayurved. Roypara, Vill. Domjur, Howrah-711405
9231481229 AL-846-M 24.04.03
196. Vaidya Nandaram Gigraj Chamaria, 51, Ramlochan Shire St. Belur, Howrah.
2654-6509
9339503796
AL-822-M 16.09.09
197. Vetmed Pvt. Ltd., 19/B, M.M.Feeder Rd Kolkata-700057
2564-7058
9432110270
AL-747-M 18.05.04
198. Walton & Co., 4, Pathakpara Lane, Dum Dum, Nalta, Kol-28
9331209280 AL-73-M 27.05.96
199. Woyoso Herbal , A119, Survey Park, Kolkata-75
(Loan on M/S. Giriraj Herbals (India) Pvt. Ltd.)
AL-75-M(L) 18.12.09
200. Zen Pharmaceuticals. Binpara, Satgachi, P.O.Anulia , (Ranaghat), Nadia.
9232139890 AL-821-M 06.08.99
Unani
Sl. No.
Name of the Firms Licence No. Date G.M.P. No Date
1 A.K.A.Chemicals , Vill.+P.O.+MouzaHariharpara, Plot No.1247/1503 Kh.No.1643, Murshidabad.
UL 27-M 19.02.01 AYV/GMP-57-08 22.07.08
2. Ahsan Chemical ( Unani Dawakhana) 9 ,Gopal Chandra Lane Kolkata-700073
UL-28-M 04.03.04
3. Delhi Dawakhana ,8/3,Nilmadhab Sen Lane ,Kolkata -700007
UL-18-M 11.02.80
4. Ejaz Dawakhana, 6/2, Madan Street, Kolkata 700013
UL-5-M 26.12.75
5. General Dawakhana ,112/5, Lower Chitpur Road Kolkata-700073
UL-24-M 11.05.06
6. Haziq Dawakhana , Hutton Road, Asansol ,Burdwan. UL-10-M 20.10.76
7. Qadri Dawakhana, B/35/1,Iron Gate Road, Garden Reach ,Kol-700024
UL-15-M 16.07.08 AYV/GMP-86-08 14.01.09
8. Rafique Dawakhana , F-79,Garden Reach,Kolkata-700024
UL-19-M 03.05.80
9. Rekha Dawakhana , Islampur, Murshidabad UL-30-M 17.03.05
10. S.A.B.Bakshi & Co, 32,Maulana Saukat Ali Street UL-12-M 28.05.87 AYV/GMP-90-09 10.02.09
169
,Kolkata-700073
11. Salemia Dawakhana ,Hamadama Bazar Hadipur,24-Pgns. (N)
UL-20-M 09.10.80
12. Susanta Drugs (U) ,Vill. Dhakaipara , Palasi, 24-Pgns (N)
Ul-29-M 04.03.04
Annexure 9.4
Jute Industry in West Bengal
SL. No Name of Industries/Mills Address
1 Agarpara Jute Mills, "Banerjee Bhavan", 15,Brabourne Road, (5 Floor),Calcutta-700001, Ph. No.: 2421807/1607
2 Alliance Mills Ltd., 18, Netaji Subhas Road Calcutta~700001, Ph. No.2203401/2/3
3 Anglo-India Jute MillsCo.Ltd., 18, Netaji Subhas Road (North),Calcutta~700001 Ph.No.2205811/2
4 Angus Jute Works 9, India Exch. Place(3rd Floor) Calcutta- 700001, Ph.No.248-3190/5579
5 Auckland International Ltd. 6, Little Russel Street Calcutta- 700071, Ph.No.248-3190/5579
6 The Baranagore Jute Factory PLC 284,Maharaja Nanda Kumar Road(N) Alambazar, Calcutta- 700035, Ph. No: 5578248/8103/7139/5497
7 West Bengal Agro Textiles Corpn. Ltd Chatterjee International Center 33A, J.L.Nehru Rd., Calcutta-1 Ph. No.: 293722/23
8 Birla Corporation Ltd. Birla Building 9/1 R.N.Mukherjee Road, Calcutta-1 Ph. No: 2201680/2380
9 Ambica Multifibres Ltd. (Bally Mills) 3 Haren Mukherjee Road, Belur Math, Howrah-711202 Ph. No: 6546224/6730
10 Soorah Jute Mills Birla Building, 9/1 R.N.Mukherjee Road, Calcutta-1 Ph. No: 2201680/2380
11 Budge Budge Co. Ltd. 16a, Brabourne Road, 9th Floor, Calcutta-1,Ph. No: 255637/5781
12 The Calcutta Jute Mfg. Co. Ltd. 20, Old Court House St., Calcutta- 700001, Ph. No: 2483960
13 Loomtex Engineering (Private) Ltd. Licencee of Caledonion Jute & Industries
64, K.B.M. Road, Champdany, Hooghly- 712222 Ph. No: 2424666/4607/9609
14 Cheviot Company Ltd. Magma House, 9th Floor, 24 Park Street, Calcutta- 700016 Ph. No: 292503/6870/6871
15 Dalhousie Jute company 27, R.N.Mukherjee Road, Calcutta- 700001, Ph. No: 2480166
16 Delta Industries Ltd. 4, Council House Street, Calcutta- 700001,Ph. No: 2485301/9828/3150
170
17 The Eastern Mfg.Co.Ltd (Union General Company Ltd.)
21A, Shakespeare Sarani(3rd Floor), Calcutta- 700071 Ph. No: 2476454/0075/1464
18 The Empire Jute Co. Ltd. 21A, Shakespeare Sarani(3rd Floor) Calcutta- 700071, Ph. No: 2476454/0075/1464
19 Gloster Jute Mills Ltd. 21, Strand Road, Calcutta- 700001, Ph. No: 2209601
20 Fort William Jute Division(Vijai Shree Ltd.)
10, Clive Row, Calcutta-700071 Ph. No: 2204211/8783/9376
21 The Ganges Mfg. Co. Ltd. Chatterjee International Center. 6th Floor, Flat No. A1, 33A, J.L.Nehru Road, Calcutta-700071 Ph.No: 2470881/0882/0883
22 The Gourepore Co. Ltd. Mukti Chamber, 4A, Clive Row, $th Floor, Room No. 408 Calcutta- 700001, Ph. No: 2214614/15/51
23 Hastings Jute Mills (A Div. of Murlidhar Ratanlal Exports Ltd.)
15B, Hemanta Basu Sarani, Calcutta-700001, Ph. No: 2482091/8581/4934
24 The Hooghly Mills Ltd. 10, Clive Row, 3rd Floor, Calcutta- 700001, Ph. No: 257520/7295
25 Bowreah Jute Mill 10, Clive Row, Calcutta- 700001
26 Gondalpara Jute Mill 10, Clive Row, Calcutta- 700001
27 Waverly Jute Mill 10, Clive Row, Calcutta- 700001
28 Hukumchand Jute Mill (Hooghly Mills 24 Parganas Projects Ltd.)
10, Clive Row, Calcutta- 700001, Ph.No: 2429842/6064
29 Howrah Mills Co. Ltd. 10, Dr.Rajendra Prasad Sarani, Calcutta- 700001Ph. No: 2422556/4390
30 India Jute Mills (The Hooghly Mills Company Ltd.)
10, Clive Row, Calcutta- 700001, Ph. No: 2426064/9790
31 Jagatdal Jute & Industries Pvt. Ltd. 23A, Netaji Subhas Rd.Calcutta- 700001 Ph. No: 2200351/2818/2428
32 Kamarhatty Co.Ltd. 16A, Brabourne Road Calcutta- 700001 Ph. No: 261305
33 Kanknarrah Co. Ltd. 29/1, Stephen House(2nd Floor 4, B.B.D Bag East) Calcutta- 700001 Ph. No: 2200477/1397
34 Kanoria Jute & Industries Ltd. 44/1, Red Cross Place Calcutta- 700001 Ph. No: 2430768/69 2482253/7411
35 The Kelvin Jute Co. Ltd. 6,Old Post Office St.(1st Floor) Calcutta- 700001Ph. No: 2487783 2430074/0283
36 Ludlow Jute Mills (Prop. AEKTA Ltd.) 71, Park Street Calcutta- 700016 Ph. No: 2473202/2911
37 Mahadeo Jute & Industries Ltd. 23, Netaji Subhas Rd. Calcutta- 700001
38 Megna Jute Mills, Divya Drsthi Traders & 11, Clive Row Calcutta- 700001 Ph.No: 2211995
171
Commercial(P) Ltd.
39 Naffarchandra Jute Mills Ltd. 2, Cooper Lane Calcutta- 700001 Ph. No: 2485558/1034/9868
40 The Naihati Jute Mills Comp. Ltd. 7, Hare St.(7th Floor Calcutta- 700001) Ph. No: 2489904/18/73/74
41 Tirupati Jute Industries Pvt. Ltd. 545, G.T. road(South) Howrah- 711101
42 National Jute Mill 18A, Brabourne Road PNB House Calcutta- 700001 Ph. No: 265190
43 Alexandra Jute Mill Chartered Bank Building 4, Netaji Subhas Rd. Calcutta- 700001 Ph. No: 220235
44 Khardah Jute Mill 7, Red Cross Place Calcutta- 700001 Ph.No: 2482866
45 Kinnison Jute Mill Chatered Bank Building, 4, Netaji Subhas Road, Calcutta- 700001, Ph. No: 2202351
46 Union Jute Mill Chatered Bank Building, 4, Netaji Subhas Road,Calcutta- 700001, Ph. NO: 2202351
47 New Central Jute Mills Co. Ltd. 18A, Brabourne Rd. Calcutta- 700001
48 Northbrook Jute Mill Co. Ltd 14B, Clive Row Calcutta- 700001 Ph. No: 2434158/4159
49 Nuddea Industries Ltd (Formerly HMP Jute Mill Ltd.)
Regd. Office: Nuddea Jute Mils P.O. & P.S. Naihati Dist.- 24 Parganas(North)Ph. No: 812077/3557
50 Prabartak Jute Mills Ltd. 5, Synagouge St., 5th Floor, Calcutta- 700001 Ph. No: 2428984
51 The Premchand Jute Mills Ltd. 81, Sovabazar St., Calcutta- 700005, Ph. No:5543005
52 Reliance Jute & Industries Ltd. VNSS Business Center, Ideal Plaza(S) Block, 11/1, Sarat Bose Rd. Calcutta- 700020, Ph. No: 2407017/7018/7019
53 The Samnuggar Jute Factory Co. Ltd. 9, India Exchange Place, Calcutta- 700001 Ph. No: 2203158
54 Shree Ambica Multifibres Ltd. (Ambica Mills)
6, Little Russel St., Calcutta- 700071, Ph. NO: 2479921/7998
55 Shree Gourishankar Jute Mills Ltd. 67, Park Street, Calcutta- 700016, Ph. No: 292896/0614
56 TEPCON International(India) Ltd. Unit: Shree Hanuman Jute Mills
70, Nalini Seth Rd., Calcutta- 700007, Ph.No: 2311841/2975
57 The Titaghur Jute Factory PLC 16, Ganesh Chandra Avenue,3rd Floor, Calcutta- 700001, Ph. No: 2205801
58 The Victoria Jute Company Limited RDB Textiles lTD.
8/1, Lalbazar Street, Calcutta- 700001
59 Wellington Jute Mill (The Champdany Ind. Ltd)
25, Princep Street, Calcutta- 700072, Ph. No: 277880/7913/7288
60 Chitvalsah Jute Mills (Div. of Williard India Ltd.)
3, Netaji Subhas Rd., Calcutta- 700001, Ph. No: 2487476/8954
61 Nellimarla Jute Mills Co. Ltd. 3A, Shakespeare Sarani Calcutta- 700017 Ph. No: 24243/7571
172
62 Shree Bajrang Jute Mills Ltd. 1&2, Old Court House Corner Calcutta- 700001 Ph. No: 2206320/6337
63 East India Commercial Co. Pvt. Ltd. (Shree Krishna Jute Mills)
1, Old Court House Cr. Calcutta- 700001 Ph. No: 2206320/6337
64 Mahabir Jute Mills Ltd. 9, Jagmohan Mullic Lane Calcutta- 700007
65 Mohan Jute Mills Ltd. 1, Kyd Street 164, Palace Court(2nd Floor) Calcutta- 700016
66 Winsome International (Rameswara Jute Mills)
28/1, Shakespeare Sarani, Kolkata- 700017, Ph. No: 2472373/77
67 Ambica Multifibers Ltd.(Unit - Ambica Mills)
Kankaria Estate (7th Floor), 6, Little Russell Street , Kolkata - 700071
68 Barnagore Jute Factory Ltd. 5, Synagogue Street, Kolkata-700001
69 Caledonian Jute Mill Unit: Loomtex Engg. Pvt. Ltd. 7, Brabourne Road, Kolkata- 700001
70 The Champdany Industries Ltd. 25,Princep Street, Kolkata- 700072
71 Cheviot Co. Ltd. 24, Park St., Magma House, (9th Floor),Kolkata- 700016.
72 Chitavalsah Jute Mills Co. Ltd. McLeod House, 3, N.S Road, Kolkata- 700001
73 Gourishankar Jute Mills Ltd. 67, Park Street, Kolkata- 700016
74 Hooghly Mills Projcts Ltd. (Unit : Hukumchand Jute Mill & India Jute Mill)
10, DR. Rajendra Prasad Sarani, Kolkata - 700 001
75 Howrah Mills co. Ltd. Unit- Howrah Unit- Tirupati
Howrah House, 135, Foreshore Rd. (Upper), Howrah- 711102
76 National Jute Mfg. Corpn. Ltd. Chartered Bank Building, 4, N.S. Road,Kolkata-700001
77 Prabartak Jute Ltd. 5, Synagogue St.,Kolkata-700001
78 Union General Co. Ltd. Unit-Eastern Mfg. Co. Ltd.
21A, Shakespeare sarani, Kolkata- 700017
79 Vijoyshree Ltd. 10, Clive Row, Kolkata-700001
80 Victoria Jute Co. Ltd. (RDB Textiles) 1&2 Old Court House Street, 5th Floor, Kolkata- 70000
81 Wellington Jute Mills G.P.O Box – 543, 25, Princep Street, Kolkata - 700072
82 Kaliagunj Agro Trading Pvt.Ltd.
P-4 New Howarh Bridge Approach Road, 10th Floor. R.N.1022, Kolkata 700001. W.B PH. 91-33-22381686
Source: Based on data from Jute Commission, Ministry of Textile, Govt. of India; Jute Mill Directory, worldjute.com;
Annexure 9.5
173
LEATHER INDUSTRY IN WEST BENGAL
SL. NO Company Details CEO Name/Contact Details DESCRIPTION
1 Top Leathers & Footwears Pvt. Ltd. Shakil Ahmed 8/2, Dr. Biresh Guha Street Kolkata700 017 W.B Ph:+91 33 2287-9196 [email protected]
Cow Leather
2 D2 International
Rajiv Bhatia, P-78, Kasba Industrial Estatephase Ii, Kolkata 700107 W.B Ph:+91 33 4001-5537 [email protected] /www.d2international.com
Cow Leather
3 Canton Tannery Pvt. Ltd.
Md. Khalid Shamim, 9/H,Rd.Topsia bansbagan Kolkata 700039 W.B, Phone:+91 9831131641 /[email protected]
Buff Leather
4 Tarway Exports, Ajoy Kumar Tarway
33, Dr.Rajendra Road Kolkata 700 020, W.B Ph:+91 33 2486-9928 [email protected] /www.tarway.com
Cow Leather
5 Ahmed Tannery
Mohammed Ahmed, 10/1/1a, Topsia Road (South)Kolkata700046w.B Phone:+91 33 2344-8683 / 8684 / 8685 [email protected] www.ahmedtannery.com
Cow Leather
6 Shee Sen Leather Pvt. Ltd.
Theresa Lie Shan Liu, 114/C, Matheswartolla Rd Kolkata700 046 W.B Phone:+91 33 2329-6809 [email protected]
Cow Leather
7 Khimjee Hunsraj
T. Suraiya / R. J. Suraiya, 9, Rabindra Sarani Kolkata700 073 W.B Phone:+91 33 2235-4486/ 87/ 88 /[email protected]/www.khimjee.com
Cow Leather
8 Osman Shariff
Osman Shariff, 10, Teretta Bazar Street Kolkata700073 W.B. Phone:+91 33 4065-9132 [email protected]
Cow Leather
9 C. P. L. Tannery
Indranil Ghosh, 119/1, Matheswartala Road Kolkata700046 W.B Phone:+91 9830023659 [email protected]
Cow Leather
10 C. P. L. Tannery
Indranil Ghosh, 119/1, Matheswartala Road Kolkata700046 W.B Phone:+91 9830023659 [email protected]
Cow Leather
11 Scarlet Impex
Sohail Jabbar, 37, Ratu Sarkar Lane Kolkata700 073 W.B Phone:+91 33 2345-7399 /[email protected]
Cow Leather
12 Grace Craft Pvt. Ltd.
Adhar Sahni, 5b, Stephen Court 18a, Park Street Kolkata700 016 W.B Phone:+91 9051613855 /[email protected]/www.huntbags.com
Cow Leather
13 Taj Leather Works
Shafique Abedin, 30/1, Alimuddin Street Kolkata700 016 W.B Phone:+91 33 2217-5078 / 2264-0593 /[email protected]
Cow Calf Leather
14 Rita's Creation Pvt. Ltd.
Bidyut Ghosh, Noapara Old Kalibari Roadp.O. & P.S. Barasatnorth 24-Parganas Kolkata700124 W.B Phone:+91 33 2542-5527 /[email protected] www.ritasleather.com
Buff Calf Leather
15 Star Hide Company Shahnawaz Akhtar, P-17, Phase - Likasba Industrial Estate Kolkata700107 W.B Phone:+91 33 2442-8096
Cow Leather
174
/[email protected] /www.starhide.com
16 Ah Yin Tannery
Lee Yu Hsien, 111/1a, Matheswartala Road Kolkata700 046 W.B Phone:+91 9775589197 /[email protected]
Cow Leather
17 H. M. Enterprises
Fahim Alam Chowdhury, 1y, Sapgachi 1st Lane Kolkata700039 W.B Phone:+91 33 2343-5407 /[email protected]
Cow Leather, Cow Calf Leather
18 Deva International Exim Pvt. Ltd.
Aditya Vikram Tekriwal, 206, Picnic Garden Roadkolkata700 039 W.B Phone:+91 33 2343-6864 [email protected]
Cow Leather
19 J C International Ltd.
Kevin Juneja, 44, Matheswartalla Road Kolkata700046 W.B Phone:+91 33 4017-0000/ 0011 , [email protected]
Goat Leather
20 Rama Overseas Limited
Saurav Soni, 5/1d, Tiljala Road Kolkata 700 039, W.B Phone:+91 33 2343-8118 / 2213 / [email protected] /www.ramaoverseasltd.com
Cow Leather
21 A. K. Exporters
Anil Kumar Lakhotia, Kasba Industrial Estatephase - Iplot No. - 3, Kolkata 700 107 W.B Phone:+91 33 2443-0663 / 0664 /[email protected]
Cow Leather
22 Oxford Tanners. 93/4, Karaya Road Kolkata700019 W.B
Kamal Ahmed/Phone:+91 33 2287-9643 / [email protected]
Sheep Leather, Cow Leather, Buff Leather, Goat Leather
23 Planet Inc. 38/1a, G. J. Khan Road Kolkata700 039 W.B
Wakil Ahmed/Phone:+91 33 4007-6073 / [email protected]
Cow Leather, Buff Leather, Goat Leather
24 N.J. Leather Enterprise,45 A, Shamsul Huda Road Kolkata700 017 W.B
Rehan Ahmed Phone:+91 33 2287-5396 /[email protected]
Sheep Leather, Cow Leather, Goat Leather
25 Alam Tannery Pvt. Ltd. 187, Park Street Kolkata700 017w W.B
Alok Adhikari, Phone:+91 33 4022-6900/Fax:+91 33 4022-6901/[email protected]
Upholstery Leather
26 Sadia International/62l, Topsia Roadkolkata700039 W.B
Shahzad Ahmed, Phone:+91 9830112746/[email protected]
Goat Leather
27 Mow Chong Leather Products Pvt. Ltd. 47, South Tangra Road Kolkata700046 W.B
Chiu Teh Chee, Phone:+91 33 2329-2990/ [email protected]
Cow Leather, Cow Calf Leather
28 Nafis Tanning Industries 55, Ghulam Jilani Khan Road Kolkata700039 W.B
Md. Salim, Phone:+91 33 2290-3734 /Fax:+91 33 2287-4327 [email protected]
Goat Leather
29 Jaffs International, 70, Topsia Road (South)Kolkata700046 W.B
Jahangir Alam Farooqui, Phone:+91 33 2343-8664 [email protected]
Cow Leather
30 Chang Hing Tannery 77, Matheswartala Road Kolkata700 046 W.B
Joseph Chen, Phone:+91 33 2329-9919 [email protected]
Buff Leather, Upholstery Leather
31 Shana Leather Corporation 71, Topsia Road (South)Kolkata700046 W.B
Hamza Ali, Phone:+91 9830077698/ 4394 [email protected]
Goat Leather
175
32 Kim India Exim Pvt. Ltd. 32, Free School Street(Mirza Ghalib Street)Kolkata700016 W.B
Wu Liu Mei Lin, Phone:+91 33 6530-7788 [email protected]
Buff Calf Leather
33 Allied International 45/1c, Old Ballygunge 1st Lane Kolkata700019 W.B
Mehtab Alam, Phone:+91 9830188043 [email protected]
Goat Leather
34 Nvent Leather Exports 2, Ghulam Jilani Khan Roadkolkata700039 W.B
Faiz Ahmed Khan Phone:+91 33 2343-9956 / 4064-6103 Fax:+91 33 2290-5623 [email protected]
Goat Leather
35 Classic Tanners 64, Ripon Street Kolkata700016 W.B
Sarim Misbah, Phone:+91 33 2226-3816 [email protected]
Cow Leather, Goat Leather
36 Universal Leather Agency 114d, Matheswartala Road Kolkata700 046 W.B
Ying Wah Chu, Phone:+91 8444944409 [email protected]
Cow Leather
37 Kanungoe Leathers Pvt. Ltd. 70/D, Abinash Chandra Banerjee Lane Kolkata700 010 WB
N. K. Deb Kanungoe, Phone:+91 33 2373-0399 [email protected]
Sheep Leather, Goat Leather
38 Global Tanning Industries 4a, 4th Floor50, Lower Range Kolkata700019
Dilshad Elahi Phone:+91 9831081089 /[email protected]/www.globaltanningindustries.com
Buff Leather
39 Wing Sung Tannery 104d/3, Matheswartala Road Kolkata700046 W.B
Lee Yao Sien, Phone:+91 9830405188/ [email protected]
Cow Leather
40 A.N.S. Leather Company 166, Tiljala Road Kolkata700046 W.B
Nehal Zafar Phone:+91 9331075014 [email protected]
Cow Leather, Buff Leather, Goat Leather
41 Ula Leathers, 114 H, Matheswartala Road Kolkata700 046 W.B
Victor Kuo Chiang Chu, Phone:+91 9184449444, [email protected]
Cow Leather
42 Park International, 42/1, Shamsul Huda Roadkolkata700 017w.B
Indrani Maitra Phone:+91 9239639803 [email protected]
Cow Leather
43 How Fa Tannery, 48, Zakaria Street2nd Floor Kolkata700073 W.B
Tanveer Ahmed, Phone:+91 33 2215-0210 / 2235-2841 /[email protected]
Goat Leather
44 Leder Fashion Company 2, Suhrawardy Avenue Kolkata700 017 W.B
Rehan Misbah, Phone:+91 33 2286-5854 [email protected]
Cow Leather
45 Srimani Silpayan (India) Pvt. Ltd. 79, Lenin Saraniunit No.214, 2nd Floor Kolkata700013 W.B
Niten Srimani, Phone:+91 33 2265-8345 [email protected] /www.srimanisilpayan.com
Cow Leather
46 Abdin Leather Conceria Pvt. Ltd. 8, Bolai Dutta Street Kolkata700 073 W.B
Bahauddin Phone:+91 33 2235-3567 [email protected]
Cow Leather Goat Leather
47 Ecotan, 93/1D, Tiljala Road Kolkata700 046W.B
Shamshad Alam, Phone:+91 33 3291-5197 [email protected]
Cow Leather, Buff Calf Leather
48 Chien Hsing Tannery Plot No. 424, Zone 5calcutta Leather Complexbantala24 Parganas (South)743502 WB
Naresh Kumar Juneja, Phone:+91 33 2443-1711 Fax:+91 33 2443-6464 , [email protected] www.chienhsingtannery.com
Cow Leather, Buff Leather
176
49 Bharat Tanneries, 22/2, C. N. Roy Roadkolkata700039w.B
Irfan Ahmed, Phone:+91 9831018215, [email protected] Www.Btleathers.Com
Cow Leather
50 Titan Leathers Pvt. Ltd 2a, Golam Jilani Khan Roadkolkata700 039w.B
Srinivasan Kanan, Phone:+91 33 2464-0124 /Fax:+91 33 2464-4508 /[email protected]
Cow Leather
51 Ciria Tanning Company Pvt. Ltd. 6f, Keyatala Road Kolkata700029 W.B
Rahul Gupta, Phone:+91 33 2345-2076 , [email protected], www.ciriatanning.com
Cow Leather
52 Tulsyan Impex Pvt. Ltd. 1/1a, Mahendra Rai Laneblock 14th Floor Kolkata700046 W.B
S. K. Halder, Phone:+91 33 3011-2100, [email protected]
Cow Leather
53 Trident Leather, 41/1, Shamsul Huda Road Kolkata700017 W.B
Tahir Khurshid, Phone:+91 33 2290-7668, [email protected]
Cow Leather
54 Unique International Pvt. Ltd.30, Jawaharlal Nehru Rd Chowringhee Mansion ground Floor Kolkata700 016 W.B
Santosh Kumar Agarwal/Phone:+91 9830232048 [email protected]
Cow Leather
55 Winsome Leathers 48/53, Swiss Park Kolkata700033 W.B
Supran Chaudhuri, Phone:+91 33 2442-3475 [email protected]
Cow Leather
56 Orbit Leathers Pvt. Ltd., 34b, Debendra Chandra Dey Road Kolkata700015 W.B
Samir Roy Chowdhury, Ph:+91 33 2285-2262/ 63/ 64 /[email protected]/ www.orbit-leathers.com
Cow Leather
57 Champion Tannery Pvt. Ltd./62, Matheswartala Road Kolkata700 046 W.B
Andrew Liu, Phone:+91 33- 2329-0177 [email protected]
Cow Leather
58 New Horizons Ltd., 41, Shakespeare Sarani Kolkata700 017WB
Gopal Kumar Naredi, Phone:+91 33 2287-7679 [email protected] /www.nhltd.com
Cow Leather
59 S. M. Exports 259/2, Rajarhat Main Roadathghora Check Postdistrict 24 Parganas (North)Kolkata700136 W.B
Pawan Kumar Roongta, Phone:+91 33 2519-6827 [email protected] /www.smexports.com
Buff Leather
60 Trio Trend Exports Pvt. Ltd. P-37, C.I.T. Roadscheme - 52,Kolkata700 014 W.B
Priyankur Kulkarni, Phone:+91 33 2265-5151 / 2372 [email protected]
Other Leather Goods , Passport Holders/Credit Card Holders, Purses, Ladies Handbags Other Bags
61 Yamai Fashions Pvt. Ltd. 6, Dover Lane1st Floor Kolkata700029 W.B
Arjun Kulkarni, Phone:+91 33 4003-1065 / 1066 [email protected]
Other Leather Goods , Ladies Handbags And Other Bags
62 Creative Ltd. 12, Dargah Rd Kolkata700017 W.B
Phone:+91 33 2287-1690 /[email protected] Goods , Leather Belts, Caps & Ties, Passport Holders/Credit Card Holders, Etc, Ladies Handbags And Other Bags, Pouches, Purses, Wallets, Portfolio/Briefcases
177
63 Crescent Export Syndicate, S-55, Phase-Iiikasba Industrial Estate Kolkata700107 W.B
Mohammed Azhar, Phone:+91 33 2442-7732 / 7510 [email protected]
Ladies Handbags And Other Bags, Wallets
64 Metropoli Fashions Pvt Ltd 5, Tiljala Road Kolkata700 039 W.B
Mayukh Guha Sarkar, Phone:+91 33 6606-7000 [email protected] www.metropolifashions.com
Other Leather Goods Handcrafted Leather Items, Passport Holders/Credit Card Holders, Ladies Handbags ,Other Bags, Purses, Wallets
65 Maple Exports Pvt. Ltd., 83/2/1, Topsia Road (South)Continental Building, 9
th Flr, Kolkata700046
W.B
Bijay Kumar Singh, Phone:+91 33 2283-6366 / 67 [email protected]
Other Leather Goods Passport Holders/Credit Card HoldersLadies Handbags, Other Bags, Pouches, Purses, Wallets
66 Lbi Export Private Limited Plot No. 540, Zone Vikolkata Leather Complexp.O. Bhojerhat, Karaidanga South 24 Parganas743502 W.B
Tanuj Malhotra, Phone:+91 33 3241-8078 [email protected]
Other Leather Goods , Diary Covers/Cheque Book Covers,
67 Shivmani Exports Pvt. Ltd. 45/2, Tiljala Road Kolkata700046 W.B
Darshan Singh Sabharwal, Phone:+91 33 2344-5642 , [email protected] www.shivmani.com
Other Leather Goods Passport Holders/Credit Card Holders
68 Asian Leather Private Limited, Asian Housee.M. Bypass, Kasba Kolkata700 107 W.B
Mr. Nari Kalwani, Phone:+91 33 2443-4000 /[email protected] /www.asianleather.com
Other Leather Goods Handcrafted Leather Items, Covers For Camera, Calculator
69 D2 International, P-78, Kasba Industrial Estatephase Ii Kolkata700107 W.B
Rajiv Bhatia, Phone:+91 33 4001-5537 [email protected] /www.d2international.com
Other Leather Goods , Ladies Handbags And Other Bags, Wallets, Portfolio/Briefcases
70 Maple Accessories Pvt. Ltd. Ecospace Business Park, Block 4a, 8th Floorunit 801, Action Area 2new Town, Rajarhat Kolkata700156 W.B
Gaurav Bhalotia, Phone:+91 33 4422-4422 [email protected] www.maple-accessories.com
Other Leather Goods, Leather Belts, Caps & Ties, Ladies, Handbags
71 Stichwell Exports Pvt. Ltd. Nilhat House7th Floor11, R. N. Mukherjee Roadkolkata700001w.B
Lalit Kanoi, Phone:+91 33 2248-8837 /[email protected] www.Stichwell.Com
Ladies Handbags And Other Bags, Wallets
72 S P International, 162b, A.J.C. Bose Road Kolkata700 014 W.B
Ashru Basu Chaudhury/ Phone:+91 33 2265-5585 [email protected]
Travel/Luggageware, Other Leather Goods , Desktop Materials, Diary
73 Alam Tannery Pvt. Ltd., 187, Park Street Kolkata700 017 W.B
Alok Adhikari, Phone:+91 33 4022-6900, [email protected] /www.grupalam.com
Other Leather Goods , Sofa/Chair/Car Seat Covers (Upholstery)
178
74 Stc International, 1b, Syed Amir Ali Avenue Kolkata700019 W.B
Apaar Arora, Phone:+ 91 33 2281-2269 / [email protected]
Ladies Handbags And Other Bags
75 A. K. Exporters, Kasba Industrial Estatephase - Iplot No 3 Kolkata700 107 W.B
Anil Kumar Lakhotia, Phone:+91 33 2443-0663 / 0664 [email protected]
Ladies Handbags And Other Bags, Wallets
76 Balaji Export Corporation, P-66, Kasba Industrial Estatephase-Ii Kolkata700107 W.B
Sandeep Kumar Rungta, Phone:+91 33 2443 -0377 / 0576 /[email protected], www.balajiexport.com
Other Leather Goods , Handcrafted Leather Items, Covers For Camera, Calculator,
77 Farinni Leather Pvt. Ltd. 37, Shakespeare Sarani Kkolkata700 017 W.B
Anup Chakraborty, Phone:+91 33 2287-7755 [email protected] /www.farinni.com
Other Leather Goods , Handcrafted Leather Items, Covers For Camera, Calculator,
78 Edcons Exports Private Limited Edcons Chambers7/1a, Hazra Road Kolkata700 026 W.B
Sanjay Chakrabarti/Phone:+91 33 2474-0544 [email protected]
Other Leather Goods , Handcrafted Leather Items, Covers For Camera, Calculator
79 J C International Ltd. /44, Matheswartalla Road Kolkata700046 W.B
Kevin Juneja, Phone:+91 33 4017-0000/ 0011 [email protected]
Other Leather Goods , Handcrafted Leather Items, Covers For Camera, Calculator
80 Om Leather Artdeco Pvt. Ltd. 258/17, A. P. C. Road Kolkata700006 W.B
Satyabrata mitra/ phone:+91 33 2351-0537 [email protected]
Other Leather Goods , Handcrafted Leather Items, Covers For Camera, Calculator,
81 Orbit Leathers Pvt. Ltd. 34b, Debendra Chandra Dey Road Kolkata700015 W.B
Samir Roy Chowdhury/ Phone:+91 33 2285-2262/ 63/ 64 [email protected]/ www.orbit-leathers.com
Other Leather Goods , Handcrafted Leather Items, Covers For Camera, Calculator, Etc
82 Pragati Vinimay Pvt. Ltd. Zone-10, Plot No. 907 Kolkata Leather Complexkaraidanga Kolkata743502 W.B
Syed Askari Imam/Phone:+91 33 3242-8843 [email protected]/www.pragativinimay.com
Other Leather Goods , Leather Belts, Caps & Ties, Ladies Handbags
83 Tulsyan Impex Pvt. Ltd. 1/1a, Mahendra Rai Laneblock 14th Floor Kolkata700046 W.B
S. K. Halder/ Phone:+91 33 3011-2100 [email protected]
Other Leather Goods , Leather Belts, Caps & Ties, Ladies Handbags
84 Elrich International/ 3, Elliot Road Kolkata700 016 W.B
Shahid Akhtar/ Phone:+91 33 2343-8519 [email protected]
Other Leather Goods , Leather Belts, Caps & Ties, Ladies Handbags
85 Ajanta Leather Fashions (P) Ltd. Rajarhat Gopalpurnorth 24 Parganas Kolkata700 136 W.B
Ashok Kumar Mohanty/Phone:+91 33 2519-5206 [email protected] /www.ajantaleather.com
Other Leather Goods , Handcrafted Leather Items, Passport Holders/Credit Card Holders, Ladies Handbags Other Bags, Purses, Wallets
179
86 Khimjee Hunsraj 9, Rabindra Sarani Kolkata700 073 W.B
T. Suraiya / R. J. Suraiya/Phone:+91 33 2235-4486/ 87/ 88 [email protected] www.khimjee.com
Goods , Leather Belts, Caps & Ties, Passport Holders/Credit Card Holders, Etc, Ladies Handbags And Other Bags, Pouches, Purses, Wallets, Portfolio/Briefcases
87 Chrometan Exports Private Limited 204, A. J. C. Bose Road Kolkata700017 W.B
Sanjay Kumar Jain/ Phone:+91 33 4060-3066 [email protected]
Other Leather Goods , Handcrafted Leather Items, Passport Holders/Credit Card Holders, Etc, Ladies Handbags And Other Bags, Purses, Wallets
88 Nadeem Impex 8/1, Topsia Road (South)Kolkata700046 W.B
Nadeem Sarwar/Phone:+91 33 3251-6215 [email protected]/www.leathernadeem.com
Other Leather Goods , Leather Belts, Caps & Ties, Ladies Handbags
89 Shilpa Overseas (Pvt) Ltd. 51, Mahanirban Road Kolkata700 029 W.B
Anurupa Sengupta/Phone:+91 33 4003-1411/ 1412 [email protected]
Goods , Leather Belts, Caps & Ties, Passport Holders/Credit Card Holders, Etc, Ladies Handbags And Other Bags, Pouches, Purses, Wallets, Portfolio/Briefcases
90 Talwar Enterprises 8, Dover Park Kolkata700 019 W.B
S.C.Talwar, Phone:+9133 2210-5881/ 5882/ 5883/ 5884 /[email protected] www.talwarenterprises.com
91 Leather Trend 44d/1, Topsia Road (South)Kolkata700 046 W.B
Mahmood Alam/ Phone:+91 33 3252-3841 [email protected]
92 Vogue N Hyde Pvt. Ltd. 2, Corporation Place2nd Floorsociety Cinema Building Kolkata700087 W.B
Vivek Goyal/ Phone:+91 33 2265-8208 /[email protected] www.voguenhyde.com
93 Sheffield International/20/1l, East Topsia Road Kolkata700046 W.B
Kishan M Agarwal. Phone:+91 33 2285-4444 [email protected]
94 Unileather India Pvt. Ltd. Ba-24/1, Deshbandhu Nagarbaguihati Kolkata700 059 W.B
Kuntal Dass, Phone:+91 33 2323-4593 email: [email protected]
Other Leather Goods , Leather Belts, Caps & Ties, Ladies Handbags
95 Unique International Pvt. Ltd. 30, Jawaharlal Nehru Roadchowringhee Mansionground Floor Kolkata700 016 W.B
Santosh Kumar Agarwal, Phone:+91 9830232048 [email protected]
Other Leather Goods , Passport Holders/Credit Card Holders,
96 Harsha Leather Goods Pvt. Ltd. 52 D, G. J. Khan Road Kolkata700 039 W.B
Hadi Hussain, Phone:+91 33 3293-4329 [email protected] /www.hlgpl.com
Other Leather Goods , Leather Belts, Caps & Ties, Ladies Handbags
97 B.G. Services/ Block-Iii, Behala Industrial Estate2nd Floor620, D. H. Road Kolkata700 034 W.B
Santanu Ganguly/ Phone:+91 33 2447-9504 [email protected]
Travel/Luggageware, Other Leather Goods , Passport
180
98 Pinnacle Overseas/42, Dilkhusa Street Kolkata700 017 W.B
Gautam Dalmia/ Phone:+91 33 2280-3369 [email protected] www.pinnacleoverseas.com
Other Leather Goods , Ladies Handbags And Other Bags, Wallets
99 Sunili Leathern Private Ltd./ 54, Mandir Roaddum Dum Cantonment Kolkata700028 W.B
Subrata Sen/ Phone:+91 33 2551-8596 [email protected]
Other Leather Goods , Ladies Handbags And Other Bags, Wallets
100 Industrial Safety Products Pvt. Ltd. P-33, C.I.T. Roadscheme Vi M(S)Kolkata700054 W.B
Gopal Kumar Naredi/ Phone:+91 33 2343-0913 Fax:+91 33 2343-0914 /[email protected] /www.ispgloves.com
Industrial Leather Garments, Leather Aprons, Others (Leather Garments)
101 Acknit Industries Limited 817, Krishna Building224, A. J. C. Bose Road Kolkata700 017 W.B
D. K. Saraf/ Phone:+91 33 2287-8293 [email protected] www.acknitindia.com
Industrial Leather Garments, Leather Aprons
102 B. S. Arora And Sons Huf 11, Short Streetkolkata700 016w.B
A . S. Arora/ Phone:+91 33 2229-2657 / 0617 Fax:+91 33 2229-1137 /[email protected]
Industrial Leather Garments
103 Ramesh Kumar & Co. Pvt. Ltd./12, Government Placeregent House1st Floor Kolkata700069 W.B
Mrs. Niharika Agarwal/Phone:+91 33 2226-5368 / 5369 [email protected] /www.rkcl.biz
Industrial Leather Garments, Leather Aprons, Others (Leather Garments)
104 J C International Ltd./44, Matheswartalla Rd. Kolkata700046 W.B
Kevin Juneja/Phone:+91 33 4017-0000/ 0011 [email protected]
Leather Jackets (Gents)
105 Rajda Industries & Exports Pvt. Ltd.1702, Chatterjee International Centre33a, Jawaharlal Nehru Road Kolkata700071 W.B
Nausher Ali/ Phone:+91 33 2226-1916 [email protected]/www.rajda.in
Other Leather Goods , Leather Belts, Caps & Ties, Ladies Handbags
106 Leather Choice/ 36a & B, Sir Syed Ahmed Road Kolkata700 014 W.B
Siraj Ahmed/Phone:+91 33 3293-2692 [email protected] / www.indiamart.leatherchoice.com
107 Arbeits (India)/8/1, Middleton Row5th Floor, Room No. 4,Kolkata700 071 W.B
Sanjib Bothra/Phone:+91 33 2229-6256 / 8730 / 1029 /[email protected] www.arbeitsindia.org
Other Leather Goods , Leather Belts, Caps & Ties, Ladies Handbags
108 New Horizons Ltd./41, Shakespeare Sarani Kolkata700 017 W.B
Gopal Kumar Naredi/Phone:+91 33 2287-7679 [email protected] www.nhltd.com
Industrial Leather Garments, Leather Aprons, Others (Leather Garments)
109 Tulsyan Impex Pvt. Ltd. 1/1a, Mahendra Rai Laneblock 14th Floor Kolkata700046 W.B
S. K. Halder/Phone:+91 33 3011-2100 [email protected]
Industrial Leather Garments, Leather Aprons, Others (Leather Garments)
110 Tarway Exports 33, Dr.Rajendra Road Kolkata700 020 W.B
Ajoy Kumar Tarway/Phone:+91 33 2486-9928 [email protected] /www.tarway.com
Industrial Leather Garments, Leather Aprons, Others (Leather Garments)
111 Labbaik International 11/H, East Topsia Road Kolkata700 046 W.B
Parvez Ahmed/ Phone:+91 33 2285-3502/ 3503 [email protected] /www.labbaikint.com
Industrial Leather Garments, Leather Aprons, Others (Leather Garments)
181
112 Overseas Leather Goods Co. Pvt. Ltd. 61a/14, Beliaghata Main Road Kolkata700 010 W.B
Anup Kumar Chattopadhyaya/Phone:+91 33 2370-6122 / 8535 /[email protected] www.overseasleather.com
Industrial Leather Garments, Leather Aprons, Others (Leather Garments)
113 Masood Alam & Co./ 108, Park Street Kolkata700 017 W.B
Jamshed Alam/Phone:+91 33 2290-6681 / [email protected]
Industrial Leather Garments, Leather Aprons, Others (Leather Garments)
114 Singhvi International/505, Vasundhara, 5th Floor2/7, Sarat Bose /Oad Kolkata700020 W.B
Virendra Singhvi/Phone:+91 33 2475-0866 / 0625 / 0697 [email protected] /www.singhvi.com
Leather Jackets (Gents), Leather
115 G. D. Enterprise/1/H/1, Raja Janmenjoy Road Kolkata700 010 W.B
Balai Dey/Phone:+91 33 2370-6362 /Fax:+91 33 2370-6362/ [email protected]
Aprons, Others (Leather Garments)
116 Arbeits Exports (India) Pvt. Ltd. 8/1, Middleton Row5th Floorroom No. 4 Kolkata700071 W.B
Sanjib Bothra/ Phone:+91 33 2229-8730 / 6256 / 1029 /[email protected]/www.arbeitsindia.org
Industrial Leather Garments, Leather Aprons
117 Ahmed Tannery/10/1/1a, Topsia Road (South)Kolkata700046 W.B
Mohammed Ahmed/ Phone:+91 33 2344-8683 / 8684 / 8685 /[email protected] /www.ahmedtannery.com
Leather Aprons
118 Jpm Exports Pvt. Ltd. 1, British Indian Street6th Floorroom No. 612Kolkata700069 W.B
Nabin Kumar/Phone:+91 33 2262-4998 / [email protected]/www.jpmexports.com
Leather Jackets (Gents), Leather Pant/Shorts (Gents), Leather Aprons
119 Rama Overseas Limited 5/1 d, Tiljala Road Kolkata700 039 W.B
Saurav Soni, Phone:+91 33 2343-8118 / 2213 [email protected]/www.ramaoverseasltd.com
Leather Jackets (Gents), Leather Pant/Shorts (Gents), Leather Aprons
120 Top Leathers & Footwears Pvt. Ltd. 8/2, Dr. Biresh Guha Street Kolkata700 017 W.B
Shakil Ahmed, Phone:+91 33 2287-9196 [email protected]
121 Pioneer Safety Products (India) Pvt. Ltd 105, Matheswartala Road Kolkata700 046 W.B
Rajib Bothra, Phone:+91 33 3298-5431 [email protected] /www.pspindia.tradeindia.com
Leather Aprons, Others (Leather Garments)
122 Balaji Impex Pvt. Ltd./2b, Raja Janmenjoy Road Beliaghata Kolkata700010 W.B
Mrityunjoy Ghosh/ Phone:+91 33 2442-0350 [email protected] /www.balajigloves.com
Leather Aprons, Others (Leather Garments)
123 Indus Valley Export & Import (Pvt.) Ltd. 11/3, Bijoygarh3rd Floor Kolkata700032 W.B
Amitavo Sengupta/Phone:+91 33 2499-3134 [email protected]
Leather Aprons
124 Lumens India 38/39, Chawal Patty Road Kolkata700010 WB
Mahesh Kumar Bagaria/Phone:+91 33 2370-5406 / 2353-9097/[email protected] www.lumens-india.com
Leather Aprons
125 Luminous International, 41, Bangur Avenueblock C Kolkata700 055 WB
Rajendra Kumar Bagaria, Phone:+91 33 2574-3868 /[email protected] /www.luminousintl.com
Leather Aprons
126 Raag Exports Pvt. Ltd./ 32/3k, Gariahat Road(South)Kolkata700 031 W.B
Gora Chand Chatterjee, Phone:+91 33 2413-9767 [email protected]
Leather Aprons
127 Crescent Tannery 81/1, Tiljala Road Kolkata700046 WB
Shahid Ali, Phone:+91 33 2343-4210 / 2344-8923 [email protected] www.crescenttannery.com
Leather Jackets (Gents)
182
128 Taj Leather Works, 30/1, Alimuddin Street, Kolkata700 016 WB
Shafique Abedin, Phone:+91 33 2217-5078 / 2264-0593 [email protected]
Leather Aprons
129 B.T. Exim Private Limited 48/13, Jessore Road Kolkata700055 W.B
Sameer Bhotika, Phone:+91 33 2574-1364 [email protected]/www.btexim.com
Leather Jackets (Gents), Leather Aprons
130 Global Tanning Industries/ 4a, 4th Floor50, Lower Range Kolkata700019 WB
Dilshad Elahi/Phone:+91 9831081089 [email protected] www.globaltanningindustries.com
Industrial Leather Garments
131 Vinit Gloves Manufacturing Pvt LT. Avenue Commerce House, 4th Floorroom no. 7 Kolkata700013 WB
vinit kumar khetan/ phone:+91 33 2323-4400 / 4401 [email protected] /www.vinitgloves.com
leather aprons
132 Dolphin Leathers 2h, Tiljala Lane Kolkata700019 W.B
Shahid Jamal, Phone:+91 33 2329-9638 , [email protected]/www.dolphinleathers.com
Leather Aprons
133 Plaza Enterprise 41/C, Chaul Patty Road Kolkata700010 W.B
Gobinda Chandra Das,Phone:+91 33 2373-1417 , [email protected]/ www.plazaenterprise.com
Leather Aprons
134 Suraj (India) Pvt. Ltd. 5/1d, Tiljala Road Kolkata700039 W.B
Debabrata Lahiri, Phone:+91 33 2226-1962 [email protected]
135 1947 Inc, 2-142, Chinna Avutapalli Villagegannavaram Mandalkrishna
L. Swamy Venkat, Ph:+91 8676 252097 [email protected], [email protected]
136 3d Creation, 736 D Pace City-2 Sector -37, Gurgaon 122001 Har
Vikash Kumar Dubey, Ph:+91 124 4084696 [email protected]
137 4 Star Leathers, No.5/1, M. Mirthin Street Amburpetvaniyambadi 635751 T.N
M. Ateeq Ahmmed, Phone:+91 94433271444 [email protected]
138 8 V Shoes, 703/704, Palm Court Complexlink Road Malad(W)Mumbai- 400064
Ashissh Kejriwal, Phone:+91 22 40037755 [email protected] [email protected]
139 A & Z Exports, 105/437, Aghajaan Buldingchamanganj,Kanpur 208001U.P
Mohd. Atif Zamir, Phone:+91 9935034991 [email protected] , www.azexports.com
140 Reliance Leather, Mr. Debashis Chakraborty (Proprietor)
20, College Road, P.O.- Nabagram, Konnargar, Hooghly - 712246, West Bengal, India, Ph: +919432135923
141 Xl Enterprises Limited 8/1a/1, Keyatala Road, Kokata – 700029 Tel – 03324428006/24428005/24420294 Mob: 09831408444email - [email protected], [email protected]
183
Annexure- 9.6
List of Plywood and Veneer sheet manufacturers in North 24 Parganas
Sl.
No.
Name of the
Enterprise (unit)
Address of Communication Major
Activity
Products Annual
Turnover
(Rs. in Lakh)
1 M/s. United Ply Pesting
Kansona, Mediahat, Gopalnagar, Bongaon-743262. Mobile No.:
9434119994
Ply wood &Veener
Sheet
Ply wood, Seasonal Wood 30
2 M/s. Swadesh
Plywood P. Ltd.
Kansona, Mediahat, Gopalnagar, Bongaon-743262. Mobile No.:
9434119994
Ply wood &Veener
Sheet
Ply wood, Vblocks wooden (Black Board), Wooiden
frame (Door) Flash Door, Veneered Article board (Core
Veener)
140
3 M/s. A. Haque Plywood Centre
M/s. A. Haque Plywood Centre, Balisha, Hab-II. Mobile No.:
9800175773
Ply Board Ply Board 60
4 M/s Royel Wood Product
M/s Royel Wood Product. Noapara, Junglepur, Baduria-743438. Mobile
No.: 9434830657
Plywood & Veneer Sheet
Plywood 8
5 Indian Plywood
Industries SonaliMajumder. Tangra, Talsa, Habra-
II, 743234 Mfg of
Plywood Plywood board 25
6 R.B.Enterprise Abdul AdutMondal. Vill-Balisha, PO-balisha, PS-ashokenagar, Habra-ll, Pin-
743702. Mobile No.: 9830345520
Plywood Plywood 18
7 M/S J.M.plywood
Jakirhossain. Vill-Balisha, PO-Balisha, PS-Ashokenagar, habra-II, Pin-743702.
Mobile No.: 9775123818
Plywood Plywood 50
8 M/s. royel Pilling furniture
Nur Mohammad Khan. Noapara, Jangalpur, Baduria, 743438. Mobile
No.: 9434830657
Ply wood veneer sheet
Ply wood 7.6
9 M/s. madinaPata Mill
HasanurjamatMondal. Rajberia, masunda, Amdanga, 743711. Mobile
No.: 9635446728
Ply wood Plywood 144
10 M/s. Chowdhury Enterprise
Samir Chowdhury. Arsula, Baduria, 743401. Mobile No.: 9830273305
Plywood veneer sheet
Plywood, Block Door, Flush Door
90