TABLE OF CONTENTS

2005-01-0041 A Robust Controller Design for Anti-Jerking . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1J. Baumann, A. Swarnakar, U. Kiencke, and T. Schlegl

2005-01-0277 AISIN AW New Full Hybrid Transmission for FWD Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Hideki Hisada, Takao Taniguchi, Kazumasa Tsukamoto, Kozo Yamaguchi,Kenji Suzuki, Matoi Iizuka, Motoyasu Mochizuki, and Yasuo Hirano

2005-01-0279 Method of Predicting Hill-Climbing Performance in BatterylessMotorized-Four-Wheel-Drive System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Shinya Imura, Takehiko Kowatari, Hisaya Shimizu, Norikazu Matsuzaki,Daisuke Yamamoto, and Yoshinori Ikeda

2005-01-0282 Optimal Design and Control of a Wheel Motor for ElectricPassenger Cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Yee-Pien Yang and Down-Su Chuang

2005-01-0284 Door Interior Trim Safety Enhancement Strategies for theSID-IIs Dummy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Kalu Uduma, Jiaping Wu, Sukbhir Bilkhu, Mark Gielow, andMurthy Kowsika

2005-01-0287 Side Impact Injury Risk for Belted Far Side PassengerVehicle Occupants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Hampton C. Gabler, Kennerly Digges, Brian N. Fildes, and Laurie Sparke

2005-01-0289 An Integrated Testing and CAE Application Methodology forCurtain Airbag Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Nirmal Narayanasamy, Mohamed Hamid, Deren Ma, and Victor Suarez

2005-01-0290 Head Impact Location, Angle and Velocity During Side Impact:A Study Based on Virtual Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

Marian Bosch-Rekveldt, Gabriella Griotto, Michiel van Ratingen,Ton Versmissen, and Herman Mooi

2005-01-0291 Model of IIHS Side Impact Torso Response Measures UsingTransfer Function Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

S. Iskander Faroog, John Pinkerton, Joe Abramczyk, Ellen Barnes,Paul Culbertson, Chris Gearhart, Ligong Pan, Nathan Soderborg,Herbert Yang, and Joe Weishaar

2005-01-0292 Investigation of Whiplash Injury in Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68Hyung-Yun Choi, Keyyup Lee, Youngman Kim, Jeseung Pak, andSeungjun Hong

2005-01-0293 Characterization of the Rate-Dependent Mechanical Propertiesand Failure of Human Knee Ligaments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

J. A. W. van Dommelen, B. J. Ivarsson, M. Minary Jolandan,S. A. Millington, M. Raut, J. R. Kerrigan, J. R. Crandall, and D. R. Diduch

2005-01-0294 Injuries in Crashes—Reported Compared to Actual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91Leonard Evans

2005-01-0295 A Method for the Experimental Investigation of Acceleration as aMechanism of Aortic Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

Jason Forman, Richard Kent, James Bolton, and Jay Evans

2005-01-0299 Tracking Rib Deformation Under Anterior Loads Using ComputedTomography Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111

Tahsin Ali, Richard W. Kent, Daisuke Murakami, and Seiichi Kobayashi

2005-01-0300 Development of a Computational Method to Predict OccupantMotions and Neck Loads During Rollovers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

Gary T. Yamaguchi, Darrin Richards, Robert E. Larson, Michael R. Carhart,Robert S. Cargill, William Lai, and Catherine Ford Corrigan

2005-01-0302 Electromyographic Activity and Posturing of the Human NeckDuring Rollover Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150

Gary T. Yamaguchi, Michael R. Carhart, Robert Larson, Darrin Richards,Janine Pierce, Christine C. Raasch, Irving Scher, andCatherine Ford Corrigan

2005-01-0303 Hybrid III 5th Female Neck Test Rotation Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170Virginia L. Watters, Jason D. Jenkins, John D. Below, and Paul J. Depinet

2005-01-0305 Dynamic Response Corridors of the Human Thigh and Leg inNon-Midpoint, Three-Point Bending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193

B. Johan Ivarsson, Jason R. Kerrigan, David J. Lessley,D. Chris Drinkwater, Check Y. Kam, Drew B. Murphy, Jeff R. Crandall, andRichard W. Kent

2005-01-0307 Elimination of Thoracic Muscle-Tensing Effects for Frontal CrashDummies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205

Greg Shaw, David Lessley, Jeff Crandall, Richard Kent, and Levent Kitis

2005-01-0308 Considerations of Bio-Fidelity Corridors for Lateral Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220Timothy P. Lsu and Guy S. Nusholtz

2005-01-0309 High-Speed X-Ray Assessment of the Bony Kinematics of theCervical Spine During Frontal Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239

S. A. Millington, E. Tomasch, E. Mayrhofer, H. Hoschopf, M. Hofinger,H. Steffan, Frank Stronach, E. P. Leinzinger, and M. Darok

2005-01-0342 Integration of Reliability- and Possibility-Based DesignOptimizations Using Performance Measure Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247

Kyung K. Choi, Liu Du, and Byeng D. Youn

2005-01-0343 A Design Optimization Method Using Possibility Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257Zissimos P. Mourelatos, Jun Zhou, and Artemis Kloess

2005-01-0344 Probabilistic Sensitivity Analysis in Engineering Design UsingUniform Sampling and Saddlepoint Approximation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267

Agus Sudjianto, Xiaoping Du, and Wei Chen

2005-01-0346 Multi-Objective RBDO for Automotive Door Quality Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277Tong Zou and Sankaran Mahadevan

2005-01-0347 Buckling Analysis of Structures With Interval Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284Mehdi Modares, Robert L. Mullen, Paul X. Bellini, and Rafi L. Muhanna

2005-01-0349 Reliability Assessment Using Discriminative Samplingand Metamodeling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291

G. Gary Wang, Liqun Wang, and Songqing Shan

2005-01-0350 Product Platform Design With Consideration of Uncertainty . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301Zhihuang Dai and Michael J. Scott

2005-01-0351 Meaningful Tradeoffs in Product Family Design ConsideringMonetary and Technical Aspects of Commonality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310

Zhihuang Dai and Michael J. Scott

2005-01-0355 Experimental and Numerical Studies of Crash Trigger Sensitivityin Frontal Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321

Guofei Chen, Xiao Ming Chen, Ming F. Shi, Wayne Li, and Tau Tyan

2005-01-0356 Modelling and Design for Vehicle Pitch and Drop ofBody-On-Frame Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329

J. Michael Chang, Mohammed Rahman, Mohammad Ali, Tau Tyan,Marwan El-Bkaily, and James Cheng

2005-01-0358 Effect of Trigger Variation on Frontal Rail Crash Performance . . . . . . . . . . . 339Omowale Casselle and Tau Tyan

2005-01-0361 Crashworthiness Simulation of Lower Control Arm Impact Tests . . . . . . . . 355Miinshiou Huang, Miguel Eguia, and Tau Tyan

2005-01-0385 Design of the Milford Road Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365Joseph P. Ryan, Michael W. Neal, James W. Mero, and Frank J. Taverna

2005-01-0392 Experimental Evaluation of Fishhook Maneuver Performance of aKinetic™ Suspension System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387

James R. Wilde, Gary J. Heydinger, Dennis A. Guenther, Tom Mallin, andAndrew M. Devenish

2005-01-0393 Integration of an Adaptive Control Strategy on an AutomatedSteering Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397

Kyle M. Brown, Gary J. Heydinger, Dennis A. Guenther, andRonald A. Bixel

2005-01-0395 Vehicle On-Center Directional and Steering Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410Mohamed Kamel Salaani, Gary J. Heydinger, and Paul A. Grygier

2005-01-0424 Development and Evaluation of a Multi-Functional SteeringWheel Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 416

Naoki Kamiya, Shuichi Takeuchi, Takashi Shinzato, and Takashi Suzuki

2005-01-0425 Alliance Principle 1.4: Visual Downangle Criteria for Navigationand Telematics Displays in Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 424

Richard A. Young, Jeffrey R. Dixon, and W. Weston Meyer

2005-01-0433 Comparison of Visual-Manual and Voice Interaction WithContemporary Navigation System HMIs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436

Dean P. Chiang, Aaron M. Brooks, and David H. Weir

2005-01-0434 Development of a Subjective Human Factors Scoring andAssessment Technique for the Total Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444

James A. Kleiss, Corinna S. Paine, Art Swanson, and Jamie Jackson

2005-01-0436 Mind-On-The-Drive: Real-Time Functional Neuroimaging ofCognitive Brain Mechanisms Underlying Driver Performanceand Distraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454

Richard A. Young, Li Hsieh, Francis X. Graydon, Richard Genik,Mark D. Benton, Christopher C. Green, Susan M. Bowyer, John E. Moran,and Norman Tepley

2005-01-0438 Development of the HMI System That Improves the Safety andOperational Convenience by the Combination of Steering WheelSwitch and Head-Up Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 473

Kiyotaka Sasanouchi, Yasushi Ishiai, Tsuyoshi Tanaka, Junichi Yukawa,and Austin Hu

2005-01-0439 Effects of Hands-Free Phone Conversation on Visual Behavior:Dissociation of Binocular Gaze Point as an Index of Inattention . . . . . . . . . 481

Nobuyuki Uchida, Yoichi Asano, Toshihiko Ueda, and Akira Iihoshi

2005-01-0441 Improving Lower Beam Visibility Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489Lawrence M. Rice

2005-01-0443 Quantifying the Pedestrian Detection Benefits of the GeneralMotors Night Vision System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492

Jonathan M. Hankey, Raymond J. Kiefer, and Ronald B. Gibbons

2005-01-0449 Geometric Visibility of Mirror-Mounted Turn Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498Matthew P. Reed and Michael J. Flannagan

2005-01-0461 CAE Application for the Layout of an Occupant ClassificationSensor Mat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512

Gerd Scholpp, Andrea Weber, Hugo Calefi Dias, and Oliver Scherf

2005-01-0502 Development of a Fatigue Analysis Tool Chain for AutomotiveStructural Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522

Paul Herrmann, Thomas Ting, and Vassili Kitsios

2005-01-0506 Offset Algorithm for Compound Angle Machining of CumminsCylinder Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 531

Pilaka Murty, Freddie Davis, Randy J. Gu, Lorenzo M. Smith, andPhillip Szuba

2005-01-0509 Prediction of Flow-Induced Noise in Automotive HVAC SystemsUsing a Combined CFD/CA Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550

Ayhan Ayar, Raymond Ambs, Christoph Capellmann, Balthasar Schillemeit,and Marcus Matthes

2005-01-0515 Parametric Design with Valve Train Dynamic Analysis and DigitalData-Based Manufacturing of the Valve Spring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 565

Yoichi Takashima, Takuo Mizuno, Takashi Goto, Masami Wakita, andKeiji Hasegawa

2005-01-0523 Development of an Electrical Data Exchange Interface Based onSTEP AP212 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 572

Greg Richardson, Jeff Shultz, Peter Stevens, and John Wilson

2005-01-0546 Numerical Investigation of Road Vehicle Aerodynamics Using theImmersed Boundary RANS Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 583

Shailesh Jindal, Bahram Khalighi, and Gianluca Iaccarino

2005-01-0548 Aerodynamics of a Generic Ground Transportation System:Detached Eddy Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 596

Sunil V. Unaune, Sandeep D. Sovani, and Sung Eun Kim

2005-01-0549 Vortex Method Simulation of Ground Vehicle Aerodynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . 612Peter S. Bernard, Pat Collins, and Mark Potts

2005-01-0551 Development of Direct Electromagnetic Clutch System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 625Rikiya Kunii, Akihiro Iwazaki, Shigenobu Sekiya, Yutaka Kanno,Katsuhiro Kitamura, and Yasuji Shibahata

2005-01-0553 Torque Vectoring Driveline: SUV-Based Demonstrator andPractical Actuation Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631

Jonathan C. Wheals

2005-01-0602 Computational Analysis and Design to Minimize Vehicle RoofRack Wind Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 649

Kenneth J. Karbon and Urs D. Dietschi

2005-01-0603 Attempts for Reduction of Rear Window Buffeting Using CFD . . . . . . . . . . . 657Chang-Fa An, Mitchell Puskarz, Kanwerdip Singh, and Mark E. Cleason

2005-01-0604 Experimental Study of Unsteady Wakes Behind an OscillatingCar Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665

F. Chometon, A. Strzelecki, V. Ferrand, H. Dechipre, P. C. Dufour,M. Gohlke, and V. Herbert

2005-01-0606 Experimental Study for Applicable Limit of Acoustic Analogy toPredict Aero-Acoustic Noise of Commercial Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674

Yukio Matsushima and Itsuhei Kohri

2005-01-0607 A Numerical Study of High-Lift Single Element Airfoils WithGround Effect For Racing Cars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 682

Wael A. Mokhtar

2005-01-0611 Studies of Adaptive Finite Element Method for ComponentCrashworthiness Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 689

Shen R. Wu

2005-01-0702 Numerical Investigation of Effects of Frame Trigger HoleLocation on Crash Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 697

Wayne Li, Tau Tyan, Guofei Chen, Xiao Ming Chen, and Ming F. Shi

2005-01-0707 Evaluation of Accident Parameters in a Numerical Fleet forAssessing Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 707

Gijs Kellendonk, Cor Van Der Zweep, and Herman Mooi

2005-01-0735 A Subsystem Crash Test Methodology for Retention ofConvenience Organizer Equipment System in Rear Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718

Pradip K. Syamal and Patrick L. Brown

2005-01-0737 Early Detection of Rollovers With Associated Test Development . . . . . . . . . 724Jerry Jialiang Le, Robert W. McCoy, and Clifford C. Chou

2005-01-0739 Spatial Encoding of Structured Light for Ranging WithSingle Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 731

Henry Kong, Qin Sun, and William Bauson

2005-01-0740 Use of Photogrammetry in Extracting 3D StructuralDeformation/Dummy Occupant Movement Time HistoryDuring Vehicle Crashes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736

Robert V. McClenathan, Said S. Nakhla, Robert W. McCoy, andClifford C. Chou

2005-01-0741 A New Device for High-Speed Biaxial Tissue Testing: Applicationto Traumatic Rupture of the Aorta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 743

Matthew J. Mason, Chirag S. Shah, Muralikrishna Maddali, King H. Yang,Warren N. Hardy, Chris A. Van Ee, and Kennerly Digges

2005-01-0743 Testing of Non-Hermetic Initiators for Improved Airbag System—Issues and Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 758

George R. Neff and Jimmie K. Neff

2005-01-0745 An Evaluation of a Fiber Optic-Based Sensor for MeasuringChest and Abdominal Deflection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 769

Amber L. Rath, Sarah J. Manoogian, Stefan M. Duma, Brady J. Bolton, andJeff R. Crandall

2005-01-0747 Fluid-Structure Coupled Modelling for HYGE Impact Simulator . . . . . . . . . . 779Kwen Hsu

2005-01-0748 Structural Optimization for Crash Pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786L. Gu, R. J. Yang, G. Li, and T. Tyan

2005-01-0749 Testing and Modelling of Mounts for Improved Safety Design andCrashworthiness Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 793

Mingshan Li, Yijung Chen, Tau Tyan, Matt Niesluchowski, andJames Cheng

2005-01-0750 Evolutionary Safety Testing of Embedded Control Software byAutomatically Generating Compact Test Data Sequences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804

Hartmut Pohlheim, Mirko Conrad, and Arne Griep

2005-01-0787 Design of Two Families of Electric Park Brake and Their OptionalSuite of Functionality and Operational Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 815

Dennis Plunkett and Nui Wang

2005-01-0790 Measuring and Characterizing Brake System Performance DuringRace Track/High Energy Driving Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 824

David Antanaitis

2005-01-0809 Performance Testing of a Vehicular Flywheel Energy System . . . . . . . . . . . . 840M. M. Flynn, J. J. Zierer, and R. C. Thompson

2005-01-0811 A Reliability-Based Robust Design Methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 848Zissimos P. Mourelatos and Jinghong Liang

2005-01-0818 Robust Design of Side Impact Simulation Using FEM Based onVCM Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 859

Jun Hsu, Hironobu Kondo, and Masahiro Awano

2005-01-0822 A Bayesian Estimate of Vehicle Safety Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 864L. Gu, G. Li, J. Abramczyk, and J. Prybylski

2005-01-0854 Road Test Simulation Technology in Light Vehicle Developmentand Durability Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 868

Peijun Xu, Dan Wong, Pierre LeBlanc, and Gerry Peticca

2005-01-0861 Optical Transform Limitations in Headlamp PhotometricPerformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 880

Ben Wang and Jianzhong Jiao

2005-01-0864 An Approach to Predicting LED Junction Temperatures WithFluid and Thermal Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 888

Kazushige Kikuchi, Yoshihiko Hamashima, and Yusuke Kobayashi

2005-01-0865 Usage of High Flux White LEDs for DRL and Front TurnSignal Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 896

Dianna Stadtherr, Amine Taleb-Bendiab, Yasushi Noyori, andDerek Mallory

2005-01-0866 Factors in the Perception of Brightness for LED andIncandescent Lamps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 908

Newel Stephens and Albert Bolander

2005-01-0867 The Influence of a Horizontal Pressure Distribution onAerodynamic Drag in Open and Closed Wind Tunnels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 921

E. Mercker, K. R. Cooper, O. Fischer, and J. Wiedemann

2005-01-0868 Further Assessment of Closed-Wall Wind Tunnel BlockageUsing CFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 939

Zhigang Yang, Alexander Nastov, and Max Schenkel

2005-01-0869 Vortex Drag for a Simple Bluff Body at Incidence in GroundProximity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 950

Jeff Howell and Geoff Le Good

2005-01-0870 Uncertainty Analysis of Aerodynamic Coefficients in anAutomotive Wind Tunnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 959

Joel A. Walter, Victor Canacci, R. K. Rout, Wayne Koester, Jack Williams,T. Mark Walter, Stephen Jacob, and Paul A. Nagle

2005-01-0871 Comparison of Aerodynamic Measurements on a Full-ScaleNASCAR in Open and Closed Jet Test Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 982

Colin P. Britcher and Wael A. Mokhtar

2005-01-0872 Induced Drag of Ground Vehicles and Its Interaction WithGround Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 993

Gerhard Wickern, Andreas Wagner, and Christoph Zoerner

2005-01-0875 Multi-Roller Balls for Constant Velocity Joints: InnovativeSolution for Better Mechanical Efficiency and Durability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1003

John Park

2005-01-0877 Modelling of Wet Clutch Engagement Including a ThoroughExperimental Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1013

Josko Deur, Josko Petric, Jahan Asgari, and Davor Hrovat

2005-01-0941 Evaluation of Human Surrogate Models for Rollover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1029William Lai, Benjamin Ewers, Darrin Richards, Michael Carhart,William Newberry, and Catherine Ford Corrigan

2005-01-0942 Headroom, Roof Crush, and Belted Excursion in Rollovers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1037Edward A. Moffatt and Michael B. James

2005-01-0943 A Computational Analysis of the Airborne Phase of VehicleRollover: Occupant Head Excursion and Head-Neck Posture . . . . . . . . . . . . 1057

William Newberry, Michael Carhart, William Lai, Catherine Ford Corrigan,Jeffrey Croteau, and Eddie Cooper

2005-01-0944 Factors Influencing the Likelihood of Fatality and Serious/FatalInjury in Single-Vehicle Rollover Crashes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1072

Jeya Padmanaban, Edward A. Moffatt, and Debora R. Marth

2005-01-0945 Analysis of a Prototype Electric Retractor, a Seat BeltPre-Tensioning Device and Dummy Lateral Motion Priorto Vehicle Rollover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1086

Robert W. McCoy and Karen M. Balavich

2005-01-0976 Recent Developments in Occupant Protection InteriorComponent Design and Construction Utilizing AdvancedExpanded Polyolefin Bead Foam Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1097

Steven R. Sopher

2005-01-0977 Tactility, Craftsmanship and the NPI Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1104Tom Wellings, Mark Williams, and Charles Tennant

2005-01-1003 Vehicle Cradle Durability Design Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1111Mahesh Tampi and Xiaobo Yang

2005-01-1005 Quantitative Method for Determining Cushion Comfort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1120John Stubbs, Joseph Pellettiere, and Steve Pint

2005-01-1006 Seat Lateral Support Evaluation With SAE Manikin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1127Hiroshi Okiyama, Nanae Michida, and Kazuhiro Matsuhashi

2005-01-1007 Seat Lumbar Support Evaluation With ASPECT Manikin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1134Nanae Michida, Hiroshi Okiyama, and Kazuhiro Matsuhashi

2005-01-1008 Field Study to Evaluate Driver Fatigue Performance inAir-Inflated Truck Seat Cushions—Objective Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1139

Christopher M. Boggs and Mehdi Ahmadian

2005-01-1009 A Methodological Approach to the Determination of theCause-Effect Relations in Automotive Seating Comfort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1147

Jose S. Solaz, Rosa Porcar, Miguel López, Álvaro Page, andBegoña Mateo

2005-01-1010 Reproducibility and Repeatability of the SAE J4002 and J826H-Point Machines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1157

Carol A. C. Flannagan

2005-01-1015 Technology and Styling Trends in Automotive Lighting inNorth America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1165

Deval M. Desai

2005-01-1016 Fuel Savings by Means of Flaps Attached to the Base of aTrailer: Field Test Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1172

Fred Browand, Charles Radovich, and Mathieu Boivin

2005-01-1019 Development of High-Efficiency CVT for Luxury Compact Vehicle. . . . . . . . 1187Akihito Ohashi, Youichi Sato, Kaoru Kajikawa, Shinji Sakuma, Junji Urano,Masaaki Yamaguchi, and Akihiro Shibahara

2005-01-1020 AISIN AW New High Torque Capacity Six-Speed AutomaticTransmission for FWD Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1193

Satoru Kasuya, Takao Taniguchi, Kazumasa Tsukamoto,Masahiro Hayabuchi, Masaaki Nishida, Akitomo Suzuki, and Hiroshi Niki

2005-01-1061 Anti-Lock Braking Performance and Hydraulic BrakePressure Estimation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1202

Kevin O’Dea

2005-01-1064 Evaluation of Torque Characteristics of Rack and Pinion SteeringGear Using ADAMS Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217

Naresh Kamble and S. K. Saha

2005-01-1065 Advanced Hydraulically Damped Elastomeric Component Models. . . . . . . . 1223Roly Whear and Huw T. Williams

2005-01-1066 Integrate Structural Optimization Into Upfront Carbon CanisterComponent Design Process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1228

Chin-Jung Chen, Jhun Lin, and Christina Le

2005-01-1067 Vibroacoustic Optimization of Two Cross-Stamped Ribsin a Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1237

Xiao-long Deng, Xin-ze Zhao, and Li Li

2005-01-1070 The Development of High-Accuracy Warpage Analysis CAE forLarge, Thin Plastic Parts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1245

Tadayoshi Takahara, Makoto Yoshinaga, Takashi Mizuno,Hiroshi Furuhashi, Kazumichi Yamada, Hiroshi Koyama, and Ikuo Imaizumi

2005-01-1072 Virtual Tests for Facilitating Steering Wheel Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1251Zane Z. Yang, Srini V. Raman, and Deren Ma

2005-01-1075 Elastomer Models for Virtual Mounting Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1260Huw T. Williams and Roly Whear

2005-01-1162 Comparative Analysis of Single and Combined HybridElectrically Variable Transmission Operating Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1265

Brendan Conlon

2005-01-1176 Stopping Distance and Acceleration Performance ofPersonal Watercraft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1276

Craig A. Good, Marshal H. Paulo, Lonnie J. Unger, Janine L. Varga, andMike C. Ellis

2005-01-1177 The Application and Reliability of Commercial Vehicle Event DataRecorders for Accident Investigation and Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1286

Sebastian A. B. van Nooten and James R. Hrycay

2005-01-1183 Introduction of Pulse Shapes and Durations Into Impulse-Momentum Collision Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1294

Geoffrey J. Germane and R. Shane Gee

2005-01-1186 Vehicle Characterization Through Pole Impact Testing, Part II:Analysis of Center and Offset Center Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1307

Nicholas J. Durisek, Kenneth T. Tandy, Jeffrey S. Claussen,C. Brian Tanner, Russel Brantman, and Dennis A. Guenther

2005-01-1188 Application of Force Balance Method in Accident Reconstruction. . . . . . . . 1315H. Fred Chen, C. Brian Tanner, Philip H. Cheng, and Dennis A. Guenther

2005-01-1190 The Accuracy and Sensitivity of 2003 and 2004 General MotorsEvent Data Recorders in Low-Speed Barrier and VehicleCollisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1328

Craig C. Wilkinson, Jonathan M. Lawrence, Bradley E. Heinrichs, andDavid J. King

2005-01-1195 Uncertainty Study of Road Accident Reconstruction—Computational Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1342

Zbigniew Lozia and Marek Guzek

2005-01-1198 Off-Throttle Turning Performance of Personal Watercraft forAccident Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1357

Craig A. Good, Marshal H. Paulo, Lonnie J. Unger, Janine L. Varga, andMike C. Ellis

2005-01-1202 Override/Underride Crush Energy: Results from Vertically OffsetBarrier Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1379

Micky C. Marine, Jeffrey L. Wirth, Brian W. Peters, and Terry M. Thomas

2005-01-1203 A Parametric Study of Frictional Resistance to VehicularRotation Resulting From a Motor Vehicle Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1392

Orion P. Keifer, Bradley C. Reckamp, Thomas C. Heilmann, andPeter D. Layson

2005-01-1204 The Effects of Seated Position on Occupant Kinematics inLow-Speed, Rear-End Impacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1411

Orion P. Keifer, Peter D. Layson, and Bradley C. Reckamp

2005-01-1207 Design Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1433K. M. Ragsdell

2005-01-1209 Optimum Customer-Based Specification: Part of DFSSCase Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1437

Meily Lin

2005-01-1210 Program Level Design for Six Sigma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1441Thomas C. Judd

2005-01-1215 Transfer Function Development in Design for Six SigmaFramework—Part I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1454

Matthew Hu and Kai Yang

2005-01-1221 Automating Instrument Panel Head Impact Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1469Mike Keranen, Srikanth Krishnaraj, Kumar Kulkarni, Li Lu,Ravi Thyagarajan, and Velayudham Ganesan

2005-01-1226 Dual Depth Passenger Air Bag . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1477Scott D. Thomas and Laura A. Hawthorn

2005-01-1227 Optimization of a Vehicle Restraint System Using aGenetic Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1504

Isheng Yeh, Yan Fu, Brian Kachnowski, and Thiag Subbian

2005-01-1294 Seat Structural Design Choices and the Effect on OccupantInjury Potential in Rear-End Collisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1512

Douglas P. Romilly and Chris S. Skipper

2005-01-1302 Multi-Parameter, Multi-Objective Optimization of Injury Indexes ofVehicle Crash Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1521

Yoshiko Kawabe, Tomokazu Kondo, Shigeru Hirayama,Kazuhiro Obayashi, and Tomosaburo Okabe

2005-01-1303 A Comparison of the Head and Neck Injury Parameters on a TNOP3 and a Three-Year-Old Hybrid III Child Dummies FromNumerical Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1529

Tanya Kapoor, William Altenhof, Aly Emam, and Andrew Howard

2005-01-1304 An Expert System for Vehicle Restraint System Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1543Isheng Yeh, Brian Kachnowski, and Thiag Subbian

2005-01-1306 Experience With Response Surface Methods for OccupantRestraint System Design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1554

Brian Kachnowski and Yan Fu

2005-01-1307 Improved Prediction of Hybrid-III Injury Values Using AdvancedMultibody Techniques and Objective Rating . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1578

P. E. Hovenga, H. H. Spit, M. Uijldert, and A. M. Dalenoort

2005-01-1337 Limitations of Current Bumper Designs and PotentialImprovements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1591

David Aylor, Danny L. Ramirez, Matthew Brumbelow, and Joseph M. Nolan

2005-01-1340 Design Exploration of Bumper Systems Using Advanced CAETechniques . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1599

Dhiraj Uikey, Darin A. Evans, Samir Abad, and Ramesh Padmanaban

2005-01-1354 An Assessment of the Effects of Vehicle Weight and Size onFatality Risk in 1985 to 1998 Model Year Passenger Cars and1985 to 1997 Model Year Light Trucks and Vans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1607

R. M. Van Auken and J. W. Zellner

2005-01-1355 Aggressivity-Reducing Structure of Large Vehicles in SideVehicle-To-Vehicle Crash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1623

Akiko Abe, Takayuki Sunakawa, Shinji Fujii, Masanobu Fukushima, andShigeru Ogawa

2005-01-1373 Full-Width Test and Overload Test to Evaluate Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . 1633Koji Mizuno, Yuji Arai, and Masao Notsu

2005-01-1374 Development of an MDB Concept for Crash Compatibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1645Mukul K. Verma, Bharat Gupta, and M. S. Sreekanth

2005-01-1396 Design Under Uncertainty and Assessment of PerformanceReliability of a Dual-Use Medium Truck With Hydraulic-HybridPowertrain and Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1651

Michael Kokkalaras, Zissimos Mourelatos, Loucas Louca, Zoran Filipi,George Delagrammatikas, Anna Stefanopoulou, Panos Papalambros, andDennis Assanis

2005-01-1397 Modelling Computer Experiments With Functional Response . . . . . . . . . . . . 1661Runze Li, Agus Sudjianto, and Zhe Zhang

2005-01-1400 Finite Element Concept Models for Vehicle ArchitectureAssessment and Optimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1667

Glen Prater, Jr., Ali M. Shahhosseini, Everett Y. Kuo, P. Rajendra Mehta,and Vickie T. Furman

2005-01-1401 Dynamic Front Wheel Curb Impact Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1676Hyung-Joo Hong, Jason Kline, Robert Geisler, and Prasad Kodali

2005-01-1420 An Overview of the U.S. Highway Vehicle Fire Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1681Marty Ahrens

2005-01-1421 Impact-Induced Fires: Statistical Analysis of FARS and StateData Files (1978-2001) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1708

Keith Friedman, Elizabeth Holloway, and Timothy A. Kenney

2005-01-1422 Post-Collision Vehicle Fires—Causes and Room for Improvement. . . . . . . . 1716Markus Egelhaaf and F. Alexander Berg

2005-01-1423 Assessment of Fuel System Safety Technology Use in 2003Model Year Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1725

Ed Fournier, Jim Kot, and David Sullivan

2005-01-1424 Design Fire Development for Automotive Vehicle Applications:An Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1736

James A. Ierardi, Paul D. Sullivan, and Jonathan R. Barnett

2005-01-1425 Research Programs in Crash-Induced Fire Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1746Kennerly H. Digges, R. Rhoads Stephenson, and Paul G. Bedewi

2005-01-1426 Crushing Simulation of a Partially Filled Fuel TankBeyond Failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1755

W. A. van der Veen

2005-01-1448 Understanding Water Vapor Gradients Conducive toCondensation in an Automotive Lamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1767

Joseph W. Bielecki, Mojun Chang, and Thomas Poorman

2005-01-1449 Analysis of Moisture and Natural Convection Inside anAutomotive Headlamp by Using CFD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1773

Touichirou Shiozawa, Makoto Ohishi, Masatoshi Yoneyama,Koichi Sakakibara, Shuichi Goto, Norihisa Tsuda, and Toshio Kobayashi

2005-01-1453 Searching for a Method of Determining Geometric Parameters ofa Car Projector at Given Lighting Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1785

Janusz Waldemar Mazur and Jarosław Wilk

2005-01-1455 Aerodynamics and Aeroacoustics of Passenger Cars in aControlled High Turbulence Flow: Some New Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1794

A. Cogotti, D. Cardano, G. Carlino, and F. Cogotti

2005-01-1461 Powertrain Control of the Torotrak Infinitely VariableTransmission . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1813

Matthew Field and Matthew Burke

2005-01-1462 Friction Characteristics Analysis for Clamping Force Setup inMetal V-Belt-Type CVT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1822

Hiroyuki Nishizawa, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Hideyuki Suzuki,Masataka Osawa, Kunihiro Iwatuki, and Yasuhiro Oshiumi

2005-01-1463 Comparison Of Efficiency Measurements And Simulation Resultsfor Automotive Traction Drives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1830

Farzad Samie and Burak Gecim

2005-01-1467 Optimal Operation and Control of a Hydrostatic CVT Powertrain . . . . . . . . . 1838Phanuwat Kanphet, Piyoros Jirawattana, and Boonsrang Direcksataporn

2005-01-1473 Autonomous Lane Changing Using Model Predictive Control . . . . . . . . . . . . 1846Vincent Winstead

2005-01-1502 Embedded Sensitivity Functions for Experimentally DiagnosingVibration Problems and Identifying Nonlinear Models ofAutomotive Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1853

Chulho Yang, Tom Wahl, Sam Ciray, and Douglas E. Adams

2005-01-1503 MR Fluid Brake for Control of Torsional Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1864Shaochun Ye and Keith A. Williams

2005-01-1506 Evaporator Icing Protection Test Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1871Steve Perry

2005-01-1509 A Sensitivity Study of Occupant Thermal Comfort in a CabinUsing Virtual Thermal Comfort Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1883

Taeyoung Han and Linjie Huang

2005-01-1513 Analysis of the Progression of Rainwater Film Over the Bonnetof a Road Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1893

A. Aroussi, D. Brewer, K. L. Lee, and B. S. AbdulNour

2005-01-1524 Problem Solving Using Independence Design Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1903George Zhu

2005-01-1555 Fire Behavior of Materials in Vehicle Crash Fires andSurvivability of the Passengers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1908

Archibald Tewarson, James G. Quintiere, and David Purser

2005-01-1556 Development of a Method to Assess the Hazard of PlasticComponents to Passengers Trapped in Post-Collision MotorVehicles Fires . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1918

K. Carpenter, J. Huczek, M. Janssens, and M. Miller

2005-01-1558 Evaluation of Smoke Toxicity of Automotive Materials Accordingto Standard Small-Scale Test Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1926

A. Leigh Griffith, Marc L. Janssens, and Keith R. Willson

2005-01-1559 Spark Ignition of Underhood Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1934Leland E. Shields, Robert R. Scheibe, and Mohamed El-Sharkawi

2005-01-1560 Thermophysical and Fire Properties of EngineCompartment Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1941

Archibald Tewarson

2005-01-1561 Comparative Evaluation of Automotive Fuel Tanks in GeneralAccordance with ECE R34.01, Annex 5 Section 5.0 ‘Resistanceto Fire’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1948

James R. Griffith, Jr., Cory R. Machado, and Bill B. Bendele

2005-01-1572 Headlamp Luminous Intensity Matrix Adjustment Factors forModelling Traffic Sign Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1960

H. Gene Hawkins, Jr., Paul J. Carlson, and Susan T. Chrysler

2005-01-1573 Headlight Glare Exposure and Recovery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1974John Van Derlofske, Jie Chen, John D. Bullough, and Yukio Akashi

2005-01-1591 Enhanced Traction Stability Control System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1982Youssef A. Ghoneim, William C. Lin, Yuen-Kwok Chin, andDavid M. Sidlosky

2005-01-1594 New Concept Sliding Mode Control for AMT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1994Kanako Shimojo, Yuji Yasui, Eijiro Shimabukuro, and Yoshihisa Iwaki

2005-01-1598 The Fundamental Aspects of the Structural Theory of MultispeedTransmissions Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2003

L. Krasnevski

2005-01-1665 Verifying Code Automatically Generated From anExecutable Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2010

Cheryl A. Williams, Michael A. Kropinski, Onassis Matthews, andMichael A. Steele

2005-01-1702 Seat Belt Retractor Performance Evaluation in Rollover Crashes . . . . . . . . 2016Michael E. Klima, Daniel E. Toomey, and Matthew J. Weber

2005-01-1706 Issues in Seatbelt Inertial Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2024Jon Bready, Michael James, Gregory Smith, Sean Tolman, andJohn J. Gordon

2005-01-1709 Seat Belt Buckle Performance in High-Energy, Wheel-To-GroundImpacts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2034

Michael E. Klima, Daniel E. Toomey, and Matthew J. Weber

2005-01-1719 The Equivalent Elastic Mechanism: A Tool for the Analysis andthe Design of Compliant Suspension Linkages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2042

M. B. Gerrard

2005-01-1761 Impact of Optimality Criteria on Metamodeling Accuracy UnderScarce Sampling Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2064

Mahmoud Awad, Radwan Hazime, and Nanua Singh

2005-01-1763 A Stochastic Virtual Testing Approach in Vehicle Passive SafetyDesign: Effect of Scatter on Injury Response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2074

Anneloes Dalenoort, Gabriella Griotto, Herman Mooi, Hans Baldauf, andGerd Weissenbach

2005-01-1769 Two-Phase Flow Cooling for Vehicle Thermal Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2082Chanwoo Park, Jon Zuo, Paul Rogers, and Jeffrey Perez

2005-01-1772 A Study on the Life of the Bearing in Cooling/HVAC Fan Motors . . . . . . . . . 2088Hiroyuki Yoshida, Yuichi Nagase, Motohiro Miyasaka, and Satoru Kaneko

2005-01-1774 Solution Verification Linked to Model Validation, Reliability,and Confidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2096

Roger W. Logan and Cynthia K. Nitta

2005-01-1775 A Bayesian Approach for Aggregating Test Data AcrossSub-Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2107

David G. Robinson and Christopher B. Atcitty

2005-01-1778 The Validation Process—One Key Element of ReliabilityManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2114

Wolfram Kuehnel, Stefan Weise, Uwe Kreueger, Hermann Sekler, andPhilip Stephenson

2005-01-1780 Validation Test Optimization Based on a Statistical Approach forDiesel Engine Cylinder Heads Reliability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2121

Olivier Prince, Guillaume Morin, and Christelle Jouzeau

2005-01-1788 Evaluation of Automatic Fire Suppression Systems in Full-ScaleVehicle Fire Tests and Static Vehicle Fire Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2127

Jeffrey Santrock and Steven E. Hodges

2005-01-1789 Feasibility Study for a Vehicle Under-Hood Nitrogen Foam FireSuppression System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2137

John Gunderson and Marino di Marzo

2005-01-1790 Principles, Testing and In-Field Experience for the FIRE PanelFuel Tank Protection Device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2143

J. Michael Bennett

2005-01-1791 Development of Ford Fire Suppression System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2159Joseph B. Dierker, Jr., Robert H. Thompson, Paul H. Wierenga, andMatthew A. Schneider

2005-01-1814 Validation Methods for Finite Element Automobile CrashModelling Based on Wavelet/Wavelet Packet Decompositions . . . . . . . . . . . 2167

Zhiqing Cheng and Joseph A. Pellettiere

2005-01-1816 A Practical Method to Predict NVH in an AutomotiveHydraulic System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2176

W. F. Breig, L. R. Oliver, D. Klein, G. Iler, Y. Chen, K. Buck, J. Clutter,A. Jankovic, and A. Hertzog

2005-01-1818 Investigation of Methods to Predict Parallel and Epicyclic GearTransmission Error . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2186

J. Pears, S. Curtis, A. Poon, A. Smith, D. Poon, and D. Palmer

2005-01-1819 An Analytical Method to Reduce Gear Whine Noise, IncludingValidation with Test Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2195

Sarah Curtis, Jamie Pears, David Palmer, Mark Eccles, Andy Poon,Moon-Gon Kim, Geum-Yong Jeon, Jong-Kuk Kim, and Sang-Hoon Joo

2005-01-1827 Validation of Wheel Bearing Systems in Biaxial Wheel/HubTest Facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2203

Gerhard Fischer and Rüdiger Zinke

2005-01-1832 Analysis of Rotational-Angle Difference Between Gears for GearNoise Under Transient State Using Hilbert Transform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2209

Kouzi Ohara, Fukuo Kitagawa, Naoya Kato, and Koichi Shimizu

2005-01-1833 Application of Experimental Transfer Path Analysis and HybridFRF-Based Substructuring Model to SUV Axle Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2214

Mark A. Gehringer

2005-01-1837 A New Database of Child Anthropometry and Seated Posture forAutomotive Safety Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2222

Matthew P. Reed, Sheila M. Ebert-Hamilton, Miriam A. Manary,Kathleen D. Klinich, and Lawrence W. Schneider

2005-01-1840 The Evolution of FMVSS 213: Child Restraint Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2236William W. Van Arsdell

2005-01-1842 Virtual Reality at General Motors Design Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2248Don Siefkes

2005-01-1845 Study of Vehicle Yaw Stability Control Based onHardware-In-The-Loop Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2259

Jun Li, Jinzhi Feng, and Fan Yu

2005-01-1875 Design of a Full-Scale Impact System for Analysis of VehiclePedestrian Collisions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2268

CY Kam, J. Kerrigan, M. Meissner, C. Drinkwater, D. Murphy, J. Bolton,C. Arregui, R. Kendall, J. Ivarsson, J. Crandall, B. Deng, J. T. Wang,C. Kerkeling, and W. Hahn

2005-01-1876 Influence of Vehicle Body Type on Pedestrian Injury Distribution . . . . . . . . 2283Douglas Longhitano, Basem Henary, Kavi Bhalla, Johan Ivarsson, andJeff Crandall

2005-01-1877 Experimental Investigation of the Response of the Human LowerLimb to the Pedestrian Impact Loading Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2289

K. Bhalla, Y. Takahashi, J. Shin, C. Kam, D. Murphy, C. Drinkwater, andJ. Crandall

2005-01-1879 Development of a Biofidelic Flexible Pedestrian Leg-FormImpactor (Flex-PLI 2004) and Evaluation of Its Biofidelity at theComponent Level and at the Assembly Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2298

Atsuhiro Konosu, Takahiro Issiki, and Masaaki Tanahashi

2005-01-1881 Development of an Engine Oil Temperature Prediction MethodUsing 3D Model Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2312

Yasushi Noda, Naohisa Mamiya, Satoshi Sometani, Masashi Hosoya, andKeijiroh Koide

2005-01-1882 Numerical Simulation of Rainwater Management inCar Climatization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2320

F. Maichle, B. Weigand, B. Wiesler, and K. Trackl

2005-01-1885 Investigation of the Allowable Amount of Hydrogen LeakageUpon Collision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2331

Masashi Takahashi, Yohsuke Tamura, Jinji Suzuki, and Shogo Watanabe

2005-01-1886 Hydrogen Fuel Tank Fire Exposure Burst Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2338Robert Zalosh and Nathan Weyandt

2005-01-1887 CFD Analysis of Fire Testing of Automotive Hydrogen GasCylinders With Substitutive Gases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2344

Yohsuke Tamura, Jinji Suzuki, and Shogo Watanabe

2005-01-1888 Fire Protection in Alternative Propulsion Vehicles—LegalRegulations and Required Changes in EmergencyService Tactics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2358

Markus Egelhaaf, Florian Kinzler, and F. Alexander Berg

2005-01-1889 Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle Safety in Buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2368Yazeed Khayyat and Stefan Unnasch

2005-01-1891 Powered Control Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2387Norman F. Simoes

2005-01-1892 Private Vehicle Seating and Access Options for Riders WithMobility Impairments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2394

William W. Belson

2005-01-1899 Simulation of a Vehicle Refrigeration Cycle WithDymola/Modelica . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2404

Marco Braun, Roland Caesar, Dirk Limperich, Katrin Prölß, andGerhard Schmitz

2005-01-1902 Interactive Tools for Digital CAE Shape Optimization of Class ASurfaces: A Bridge Between Styling and Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2410

Paul J. Steward

2005-01-1904 An Efficient Procedure for Vehicle Thermal ProtectionDevelopment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2418

Kumar Srinivasan, George Woronowycz, Michael Zabat, and John Tripp

2005-01-1905 Cooling Fan Modelling to Support Robust AC/CoolingSystem Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2426

Timothy C. Scott and Larry K. McDonald

2005-01-1913 Simulation of Sloshing in Fuel Tanks and Parametric Study onNoise Reduction by Decreasing Impact Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2431

Won-Joo Roh, Sok-Hyun Cho, and Jae In Park

2005-01-1923 Numerical Multi-Scale Analysis of Motorbike Heat Exchangers . . . . . . . . . . 2437G. Fabbri, F. Piraccini, R. Rossi, S. Di Piazza, and A. Ferraresi

2005-01-1924 Variable Stiffness and Variable Ride-Height Suspension Systemand Application to Improved Vehicle Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2448

Hrishikesh V. Deo and Nam P. Suh

2005-01-1925 A Lamp-Lit Image Rendering of Automotive Rear Lamp UsingSpectral-Based Ray Tracing Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2458

Myong-Young Lee, Yeong-Ho Ha, Joon-Ho Shin, Jung-Hyang Park, andCheol-Hee Lee

2005-01-1943 2006 Chevrolet Corvette C6 ZO6 Aerodynamic Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2468Tom Froling and Tadge Juechter

2005-01-2001 Thermal Comfort Increase Through Advanced Airflow Analysis . . . . . . . . . . 2474Kai Augustin, Christian Proksch, Nikolaus Zipf, Rudolf Riedel, andDieter Heinle

2005-01-2002 Block-Oriented Models for Transient HVAC Simulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2483Maurizio Parrino, Alberto Mannoni, Elvio Bonisoli, and Massimo Sorli

2005-01-2004 Fan and Heat Exchanger Flow Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2490Todd Stephens and Travis Cross

2005-01-2008 Predicting Human Thermal Comfort in Automobiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2508John P. Rugh and Desikan Bharathan

2005-01-2028 Convective Heat Transfers in the Combustion Chamber of anInternal Combustion Engine Influence of In-CylinderAerodynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2517

F. Alizon, P. Guibert, P. Dumont, and A. Dupont

2005-01-2030 Temperature and Flow Rate Measurements With the ThermalTransient Anemometer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2532

John F. Foss, Alan R. Lawrenz, and Matthew J. Norconk

2005-01-2032 Experimental Evaluation of R134a Emission With VariousHose Constructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2538

Xiaoxia Mu, Edward I. Wolfe, William J. Kumpf, James A. Baker, andPrasad S. Kadle

2005-01-2033 Clutch Cycling Mode of Compressor Capacity Control ofTranscritical R744 Systems Compared to R134a Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2545

Ryan McEnaney and Pega Hrnjak

2005-01-2048 Accumulator Sizing and Evaluation Technique Based onTheoretical Optimum System Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2557

Scott M. Finlayson and Tim R. Dickson

2005-01-2049 Method of Test and Measurements of Fuel Consumption Due toAir Conditioning Operation on the New Prius II Hybrid Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . 2563

G. El Khoury and D. Clodic

2005-01-2055 Auxiliary Heating Systems of Conventional and Heat Pump Type:Technology, Performance and Efficiency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2572

Günther Feuerecker, Bernd Schäfer, and Thomas Strauss

2005-01-2065 Evaporator Pressure Cycle Durability Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2581Harland MacKenzie and Yvonne Yan

2005-01-2069 A Three-Dimensional Analysis Model for Elucidating InteractionsBetween Fluid Dynamics and Electrochemical Kinetics In PEMFC. . . . . . . . 2587

M.-R. Kim, B.-J. Ahn, and S.-Y. Ahn

2005-01-2260 A New Experimental Methodology to Estimate Tire/WheelBlocked Force for Road NVH Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2596

Joonhyung Park, Perry Gu, Ming-Ran Lee, and Archie Ni

2005-01-2265 Order Separation Using Multiple Tachometers and the TVDFTOrder Tracking Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2603

Jason R. Blough

2005-01-2266 Order Tracking in Vibro-Acoustic Measurements: A NovelApproach Eliminating the Tacho Probe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2612

Thorkild Find Pedersen, Henrik Herlufsen, and Hans Konstantin Hansen

2005-01-2267 A New Apparatus for Measuring the Effective Coupling ofAcoustic Absorption of Materials Used Inside Cabins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2617

Nicola Prodi, Francesco Pompoli, and Paolo Bonfiglio

2005-01-2271 Wavelet-Based Modification of Impulsive Sound Character andApplication to Diesel Sound Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2625

David Scholl and Mike Blommer

2005-01-2272 Effect of Number of Measurement Locations in theImplementation of Iterative Wavenumber Fitting forViscoelastically Damped Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2630

Vikrant Palan, W. Steve Shepard, Jr., and J. Gregory McDaniel

2005-01-2285 Design and Development of a Complex Shear ModulusMeasurement Setup for Viscoelastic Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2638

Gokhan O. Ozgen

2005-01-2294 Noise and Vibration Reduction Technology in New-GenerationHybrid Vehicle Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2648

Masashi Komada and Takayoshi Yoshioka

2005-01-2314 Pad Insulator Modelling for Brake Squeal Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2656Sanjay K. Mahajan, Eric Denys, Jun-Chul Bae, Tinghui S. Shi, andKee H. Im

2005-01-2326 Dynamic Element Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2663Richard G. DeJong

2005-01-2329 Improved NVH Performance Via Genetic Optimization ofDamping and Shape of Vehicle Panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2667

Davide Caprioli, Claudio Bertolini, and Ciro Gaudino

2005-01-2349 Design of a Hybrid Exhaust Silencing System for aProduction Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2673

I. J. Lee, A. Selamet, N. T. Huff, and M. Hrdlicka

2005-01-2356 Effects of Wall Compliance on Noise Attenuation Characteristicsof Air Induction Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2681

David Marion and Jianrui Ye

2005-01-2367 The Impact of Fiber Filling Density Variation on the AcousticPerformance of Silencers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2689

Norman T. Huff

2005-01-2375 Wiper Systems With Flexible Structures—Instabilities Analysisand Correlation With a Theoretical Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2694

Carine Chevennement-Roux, Régis Grenouillat, Thomas Dreher,Patrick Alliot, Evelyne Aubry, Jean-Pierre Lainé, and Louis Jézéquel

2005-01-2387 Further Developments in the Dynamic Stiffness Matrix(DSM)-Based Direct Damping Identification Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2704

Gokhan O. Ozgen and Jay Kim

2005-01-2392 A Tool for the Simulation and Optimization of the DampingMaterial Treatment of a Car Body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2713

M. Danti, D. Vigè, and G. V. Nierop

2005-01-2393 Increasing the Accuracy of MDOF Road ReproductionExperiments: Experimental Validation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2722

F. De Coninck, W. Desmet, P. Sas, and J. De Cuyper

2005-01-2395 Robust Process for the Design and Development of AutomotiveNoise Control Systems (a.k.a. Acoustic Integration) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2737

Peter C. Laux, Kevin J. Blauwkamp, Phillip E. Cho, andRobert J. Unglenieks

2005-01-2397 Insights Into Hazard From Airbag Inflation Noise Gained Throughthe AHAAH Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2743

G. Richard Price

2005-01-2398 Development of a New Standard for Measurement of ImpulseNoise Associated With Automotive Inflatable Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2754

Stephen W. Rouhana, Richard F. Banglmaier, and Jürgen Ochs

2005-01-2438 SAE J1400 Sound Transmission Loss Round Robin Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2763Michael L. Dinsmore

2005-01-2455 Cold Start Engine Clatter Noise Evaluations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2778Marcus Pollack, Kiran Govindswamy, and Marcus Hartwig

2005-01-2456 Stick-Slip Behavior of Torque Converter Clutch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2785Chengwu Duan and Rajendra Singh

2005-01-2516 Cavitation Detection in Automotive Torque Converters UsingNearfield Acoustical Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2796

Darin Kowalski, Carl Anderson, and Jason Blough

2005-01-2518 Multivariate Statistical Methods for the Analysis of NVH Data . . . . . . . . . . . . 2805Christian M. Fernholz

2005-01-2521 Sound Radiation Control Resulting From TireStructural Vibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2814

Kiho Yum, Kwanwoo Hong, and J. Stuart Bolton

2005-01-2523 Vibration Modes of Radial Tires: Measurement, Prediction,and Categorization Under Different Boundary andOperating Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2823

Robert L. Wheeler, Hans R. Dorfi, and Brian B. Keum

2005-01-2553 A Study of NVH Vehicle Testing Variability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2838Terence Connelly, Jud Knittel, and Mark Jay

2005-01-2675 Application of Digital Human Modelling to the Design of a PostalDelivery Vehicle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2848

Matthew P. Reed, Kristy Satchell, and Aris Nichols

2005-01-2676 Simulation of Toe Thermal Responses to Cold Exposure WhileWearing Protective Footwear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2860

Xiaojiang Xu, Thomas L. Endrusick, William B. Santee, andMargaret A. Kolka

2005-01-2679 The Virtual Haptic Back (VHB): A Virtual Reality Simulation of theHuman Back for Palpatory Diagnostic Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2865

John N. Howell, Robert L. Williams, Robert R. Conatser, Janet M. Burns,and David C. Eland

2005-01-2681 Predicting Foot Positions for Manual Materials Handling Tasks . . . . . . . . . . 2872David W. Wagner, Matthew P. Reed, and Don B. Chaffin

2005-01-2684 Experimental Investigation and Modelling of Driver’s FrontalPre-Crash Postural Anticipation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2877

Mickaël Hetier, Xuguang Wang, Frederic Robache, Barbara Autuori, andHervè Morvan

2005-01-2685 Applying Empirical Data on Upper Torso Movement to Real-TimeCollision-Free Reach Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2885

Liming Zhao, Ying Liu, and Norman I. Badler

2005-01-2686 Modelling Dual-Arm Coordination for Posture: AnOptimization-Based Approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2891

Kimberly Farrell, Timothy Marler, and Karim Abdel-Malek

2005-01-2703 Experimental and Numerical Analyses of Seating PressureDistribution Patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2899

Nicole Montmayeur, Christian Marca, Hyung-Yun Choi, and Sungjin Sah

2005-01-2706 Discomfort Assessment of Car Ingress/Egress Motions Using theConcept of Neutral Movement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2905

Fabien Dufour and Xuguang Wang

2005-01-2708 Numerical Model of the Thumb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2914Adriana-Violeta Savescu and Laurence Cheze

2005-01-2709 Biomechanical Analysis of Skeletal Muscle in an InteractiveDigital Human System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2921

Xianlian Zhou and Jia Lu

2005-01-2712 Muscle Forces and Fatigue in a Digital Human Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2930M. A. Bhatti, Ray P. S. Han, and Ryan Vignes

2005-01-2724 Assessment of 3D Surface Anthropometry Methods forMass-Customized Shoes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2937

Ezio Preatoni, Giuseppe Andreoni, Roberto Squadrone, Christian Forlani,Giancarlo Moroni, and Renato Rodano

2005-01-2725 Human Body Modelling and Tracking Using 3D Voxel Data FromInfrared Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2942

Ajay Gopinath, James J. Carroll, and Doug MacIntosh

2005-01-2726 Functional Shoulder Joint Modelling for Accurate ReachEnvelopes Based on Kinematic Estimation of the Rotation Center. . . . . . . . 2950

Kei Aoki, Makiko Kouchi, Masaaki Mochimaru, and Katsuaki Kawachi

2005-01-2736 Optimization and Minimization of Boundary Mannequins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2956Junhong Dai and Yu Teng

2005-01-2738 Influence of the Head Shape Variation on Brain DamageUnder Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2963

Yusuke Miyazaki, Sadayuki Ujihashi, Masaaki Mochimaru, andMakiko Kouchi

2005-01-2739 Workspace Analysis and Visualization for Santos’™Upper Extremity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2970

Tariq Sinokrot, Jingzhou Yang, Rebecca Fetter, and Karim Abdel-Malek

2005-01-2740 MADYMO Modelling of the IHRA Head-Form Impactor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2983Sarath-Babu Kamalakkannan, Dennis A. Guenther, John F. Wiechel, andJason Stammen

2005-01-2741 Validation Methods and Metrics for Biodynamics Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2996Zhiqing Cheng and Joseph A. Pellettiere

2005-01-3455 Integration of Eddy-Current and Friction Brakes in Conventionaland Hybrid Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3004

Sébastien E. Gay and Mehrdad Ehsani

2005-01-3459 Design Improvements on a Vee Belt CVT and Application to aNew In-Line CVT Concept . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3019

Elizabeth A. Solik, Andrew A. Frank, and Paul A. Erickson

2005-01-3923 An Investigation of In-Plane Vibration Modes in Disc BrakeSqueal Noise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3026

Antti Papinniemi, Jiye Zhao, Daniel Stanef, and Jim Ding

2005-01-3924 High-Precision Brake Discs to Reduce Judder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3033Toshikazu Okamura, Kiyoshi Hasegawa, and Junji Herai

2005-01-3925 Relationship Between Powder Properties of Titanate Compoundsand Brake Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3041

Kosuke Inada, Minoru Aki, and Yoshinori Yamamoto

2005-01-3929 Overcoming an Inadequate Brake Lining Formulation: A TutorialCase Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3047

Shivaglal M. Cheruvalath

2005-01-3930 Aero-Thermal Characteristics of an Automotive CCM VentedBrake Disc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3053

G. Barigozzi, A. Perdichizzi, P. Pacchiana, and R. Goller

2005-01-3932 A Practical Solution to Full Circle Brake Pad Actuation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3063Lester J. Erlston and Michael D. Miles

2005-01-3934 A Contribution for a Better Understanding of the AutomotiveFriction Material Characteristics Connected to Problems Derivingfrom Disc-Scoring Phenomena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3070

Pietro Durando, Pietro Buonfico, Oliver Sellari, Francesco Vannucci,Richard Lewis, Livio Battezzati, and Paola Rizzi

2005-01-3942 New Developments of Friction Models in Brake Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3078G. P. Ostermeyer and M. Müller

2005-01-3944 Simulating the Effect of Insulators in Reducing DiscBrake Squeal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3091

J. Gregory McDaniel, Xianhui Li, Andreas Elvenkemper, Enrique Wegmann,Alex Wang, Shih-Emn Chen, and John Flint

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3099