TACTICS & STRATEGY II

Fire Fire SuppressionSuppression

TACTICS

• The methods of directing and employing, people, equipment, and extinguishing agents on the fireground to most efficiently

protect life and property.

STRATEGY

•The overall plan.

Tactics & Strategy

What we do and how we do it.

Size-Up

• Size - Up ConsiderationsSize - Up Considerations

NAME SOME

Size Ups

• Who does size-up?– First arriving company officer– Later arriving Chiefs– Incident Commander– Every FF on the scene

• constantly re-evaluate

Priorities

• Rescue• Exposures• Confinement• Extinguishment• Overhaul• Salvage

Ventilation

Coordinated Fire AttackCoordinated Fire Attack

Ventilation• #1 Priority• Reduces heat and smoke build-up• Confines the fire Line in place

– Reduce flashover potential• East access for rescue & extinguishment

– Buy time for victims• Vent & Enter Concept

Rescue

• Primary Search– Initial – Quick– Check most obvious places for survivors

• Hallways• Bedrooms• Living areas

Rescues

• Secondary Search– Later– More thorough

• Multiple Victims– largest endangered group has priority

• screamers• on balconies

•jumpers

•hangers

Tactical Modes

• Offensive– Fast, aggressive– Vent & Enter– Interior Attack– Lines keep advancing– Primarily handlines

• blitz with a master stream

– Straight streams NOT

Fire Attack

• Attacking from the unburned to burned.–Dwellings–garages

Tactical Priorities

• Marginal modes of operation– offensive/defensive

• interior attack• will go to defensive

– defensive/offensive• initial attack defensive• offensive after a big hit

Tactical Priorities

• Defensive– Exterior operations– master streams and big hand lines– No interior crews

• accountability

Tactical Priorities• Mode of Operation Decisions

– Risk a lot to save a lot • Risk our lives a lot to save savable lives.

– Offensive

– Risk a little to save a little• Risk our lives a little to save savable property.

– Marginal

– Risk nothing to save nothing• Don’t risk our lives at all to save what is already lost.

– Defensive

Tactical Priorities

• Factors– Burn Time– Construction Type– How long have we been operating– Have we slowed or stopped the forward

movement of the fire• why not

Apparatus Capabilities & Jobs

• Engines• Aerials

– Ladders– Towers– Snorkels– Quints

Apparatus Capabilities

• Tankers• Squads /Rescues• Ambulance• Fire Boats• Pool Vehicles

Riding Assignments

• Bring the tools to the the job!!Bring the tools to the the job!!

• Nothing Showing Nothing Showing • Smoke ShowingSmoke Showing

• ExtricationExtrication• EMSEMS

Resources

• Personnel– # = Size of fire– Location– Building Use– Weather– Life Hazard– Fire Flow - 50gpm / FF

Resources

• Apparatus– Size of the fire– Location– Water Supply– Fire Flow - 500gpm / engine– Life Hazard– Aerials

Resources

• Fire Flow– Iowa Formula

• L x W x H = Fire Flow100

Specific Structure Fires

• Single Family Dwellings– Kill the most firefighters– Houses are big – VES

• bedrooms– First Line

• Between fire and occupants• Front door - interior stairs

Specific Structure Fires

• Single Family Dwellings

– Horizontal ventilation fastest

– Heavy fire - vertical vent• more than room & contents

– Check for extension

Specific Structure Fires

• Attached Garages

– Check the door on the interior side for integrity• if its good, leave it closed• attack from exterior

Caution - prop open garage doors

Specific Structure Fires

• Attics

• Basements

• Exposures

Specific Structure Fires

• Multi-Family– Multiple Rescues– Ventilation– Protect Exits

• Stairs• Fire Escapes

– Truss Roofs– Cocklofts

Specific Structure Fires

• Mercantile, Business, Taxpayer

– Roof vent quick– Large hand lines– Master streams– Extension other units– Forcible entry problems

Specific Structure Fires

• Mercantile, Business, Taxpayers– Rapid heat & smoke build up

• fire in void spaces• basements

– Facades– Rear of building

• cellar doors• different elevation

– Dwelling units

Specific Structure Fires

• Industrial, Warehouses– Light weight construction– Heavy fire load– Haz-Mat– Large open areas– Processes– Machinery

Specific Structure Fires

• Educational– Large life hazard

• younger children– Resources

• school staff– Panic

• parents showing up on scene– EMS

Specific Structure Fires

• Institutional– Jails– Health Care & Hospitals

• Occupants can’t escape on their own– Staff assistance required

• guards / nurses– Total evacuation not always possible

• shelter in place• horizontal exits

More Fires

• Vehicle Fires• Rubbish• Wildland• Others

Other Emergencies

• Technical Rescue– Trench– Collapse– High Angle– Confined Space– Water– Animals

RIT • Two in - Two Out = LAW

– FF Safety #1FF Safety #1

• RIT Team / Sector– Dedicated Company at IC– At least 4 FF’s– Ready for search, heavy rescue

Return to Service

• First in, first home

– Fresh crews for clean-up– Keep change companies for a while– Re-Hab– Debrief