tactics2_unit9.pdf

8/10/2019 Tactics2_Unit9.pdf

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EXAM TACTIC EXAM TACTIC

Reading


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I t is the year2100. Mobile phones are becomingextinct and e-mail is a thing of the past. In the22nd century, communication is based on the power of the mind and human beings are learning howto

5 share information justby thinking. Scientists aredeveloping pharmaceutical drugs and microchips toimprove the brain. Other researchers areinvestigating the innate capacity of the brain and discovering that it is sufficiently powerful to send

10messages by telepathy, just by thinking.

Does this seem like the plot of a Hollywood film? Itmight, but some very reputable people believe thatthere is a lot of truth in it. Take, for example, the lateFrancis Crick, one of the discoverers of DNA, who

15 claimed that our understanding of the brain is stillvery primitive. Or Rupert Sheldrake, a controversialbiochemist with a background in philosophy, whohas spent twentyyears trying to prove that our mindsare more powerful than we believe. He claims that

20 telepathy and premonitions have a biologicalexplanation. They are normal parts of animalbehaviour which have evolved over millions of yearsto allow us to survive.

The Nobel Prize-winner for Chemistry, Richard Ernst,25 was sceptical about Sheldrakes theories. However,

Ernsts wife said that he himself had had a

premonition. Once when she was coming home after a trip, Ernst was waiting

for her at

30 the station at the right time, even though she hadnot said when she would be arriving. Sheldrakebelieves that telepathy often happens betweenpeople who know each other very well.

According to Sheldrake, one important factor in35 mental communication is intention. Certain people

and animals are capable of capturing intentions.Manydogs know when their owners are intending tocome home and stand at the window to wait. Parrotscan also read minds. Aime Morgana taught her

40 African Grey parrot Nkisi more than 700 Englishwords, as if he were a human child. After reading about Sheldrakes research into telepathy in animals,she began to keep a detailed log of possibletelepathic incidents. In just two years, she recorded

45 630 such incidents. For example, Nkisi once told her

who she was going to telephone, another time whatshe was watching on TV (without facing thetelevision), and twice he woke her up by telling herwhat she was dreaming!


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Education

Verbs connected with change

VOCABULARY TACTIC VOCABULARY TACTIC


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Reported statements

Jenny advised me to eat less sugar or my teeth would go bad.


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Listening

SETTING A RECORD

In the 20 th century, two technologicallyadvanced countries made a lot of veryimportant progress in space travel. Thesecountries were the United States and the USSR,the former Soviet Union. We asked two experts if they could tell us about the space race andanswer some of our listeners questions. Onespace scientist is from the USA

Hi.

Verbs of movement


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Reported questions

Patricia asked Lisa if she could lend her 20euros.

USEFUL LANGUAGE

Speaking

St u d e n t A

You ar e u pse t be cau se y ou h av e h ad an ar gu m e n t wi t h y ou r boy f r i e n d / gi r l f r i e n d an d h av e br ok e n u p.R e por t t h e ar gu m e n t t o y ou r be st f r i e n d (st u d e n t B ). Be su r e t o r e por t wh at bot h o f y ou sai d .

S t u d e n t B

Y ou r be s t f r i e n d ( St u d e n t A ) i s t e lli n gy ou abou t a v e r y bad ar gu m e n t h e / s h e h as h ad . A s k as m an y qu e s t i on s as y ou can t o f i n d ou t w h at y ou r be s t f r i e n d an d t h e ot h e r pe r s on s ai d .


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Betw een 197 7 a nd 1983 Geor g e Luca s dir ected the f ir st Sta r W a r s T r ilog y, a nd f r om1999 2005, he r elea sed a nother thr ee f ilms in the Sta r W a r s sa g a . T hese new f ilms, E pi s o d e I : T h e P h a nt o m M e n ac e, E pi s o d e I I : At t ac k o f t h e C l o n e s a nd E pi s o d e 3: R e v e n g e o f t h e S i t h, a ll ta k e pla ce bef or e the or ig ina l tr ilog y, tha t is, they a r e a pr eq uel to the f ir stthr ee f ilms. I w ould lik e to w r ite a bout E pi s o d e I : T h e P h a nt o m M e n ac e.T he plot is ver y com plica ted. T w o Jedi k nig hts ( Lia m N eeson a nd Ew a n M cGr eg or ) a r etr ying to ma k e a pea ce a g r eement in a tr a de w a r betw een the Feder a tion ( the Em pir eof the ea r lier f ilms) a nd the Re public. T his is a ll r a ther bor ing . T hen ther e is the ba ttlef or the pla net N a boo of Queen A mida la ( N a ta lie Por tma n) a nd her f ollow er s, including the a nnoying Ja r Ja r Bink s. A nine-yea r -old her o, A na k in Sk yw a lk er ( Ja k e Lloyd),destr oys a n enor mous s pa ceshi p in one of the mor e e xciting scenes. Fina lly, ther e is a f ig ht betw een the ba ddie*, Da r th M a ul a nd the tw o Jedi, using lig ht-sa br es.

Conf used? So w a s I ther e a r e too ma ny cha r a cter s in this f ilm a nd too ma ny dif f er entstor ies g oing on. T he a cting is w ooden* a nd the f a mous s pecia l ef f ects a r e not a sinter esting a s the ones in the or ig ina l thr ee f ilms. H ow ever , ther e a r e a f ew stunning scenes of f utur istic cities a nd view s of pla nets. I a lso ha ve to a dmit tha t the costumes a ndthe desig n a r e ver y g ood.

N othing w ould ha ve sto p ped me f r om seeing this f ilm, a s I a m a Sta r W a r s f a n, but I w a s disa p pointed. I ts not a ter r ible f ilm, but its cer ta inly not a n inter esting or a nor ig ina l one.

Glossary


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Writing



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Reading

THE POWER OF THE NOSE

A year ago Jada was condemned to death, but todayshe earns hundreds of dollars an hour. Jada is a dogwho was rescued from a home for abandoned dogsand trained to use her powerful nose to sniff outbedbugs. Now she works in New Yorks most exclusivehotels and apartment buildings.

Dogs have helped the police search for drugs,explosives and people (both dead and alive) for a longtime. Cocaine or peanut butter, whatever you want tofind, we can train a dog to find it, said Bill Whitstine,Jada's original trainer. But now their highly-evolvednoses are being used in more areas, such as anti-piracycampaigns and medicine. For example, Lucky and Floare dogs used at Heathrow Airport, London, to detectillegal copies of DVDs. They have been trained to detectpolycarbonate plastic, the material that DVDs are madeof. In the field of medicine, scientists believe that dogsnasal power may be able to pick up biologicalcompounds that are not found in healthy cells. Thecancer detection research is still in the early stages, butsome tests show a very good success rate.

Dr Lawrence J Myers, Professor of Veterinary Scienceat Auburn University, said that because dogs have 20to 40 times the number of nasal receptor cells ashumans, they can detect the tiniest levels of odours. Inthe training process, the dogs are given multiple itemsto smell.When they come to the target odourbedbugs, for example they get a reward. Afterseveral months they develop the ability to associate theodour with the reward and then they can start to work.

Jada needs only two minutes to check a room that cantake a human half an hour to inspect. She has evenfound bedbugs behind radiators and in cracks in thewall.

The personality of a sniffer dog is very important.Trainers look for dogs that are lively, energetic andenjoy games. A common test is to see if they reactenthusiastically to a tennis ball. Since dogs are notmachines, Jada can look for bedbugs only six hours aday before she starts to feel drained or, sometimes,dog-tired!


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3 Shes been living in the London suburbsfor six years.

4 Please remind me to take those books back to the librarytomorrow.

2 Correct these typical errors.

1 I am an 18-years-old boy who is looking for work.2 Daniel would like apologising for his appalling behaviour.3 Please remember me to buy some more milk tomorrow. We

havent got any left!4 The teacher said she wants to talk me after the class.5 They had to leave at the middle of the concert because Katie

had a headache.6 My mum is angry because I didnt explain her exactly what

happened last night.7 Should I write yours faithfuly or yours sincerely at the end

of the letter?8 Ill be the most happier person in the world if I pass all of my

exams!

CORPUS CORNER

Need some help in the Corpus Corner? Have a look inyour dictionary or go towww.cambridge-sm.net .

COMMON LEARNER ERROR

remind or remember ?

If youremember a fact or something from the past, you keep it inyour mind, or bring it back into your mind.I can't remember the name of that film.Did you remember to bring your passport?

When youremind someone to do something, you make themremember it.Can you remind me to phone Anna tomorrow? Can you remember me to phone Anna tomorrow?

1 Translate into your language.1 What do you mean? Adam is completely sane!2 The King and Queen sent a message of sympathy to

the soldiers families.

Listening

Speaking

Writing


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You might have discovered that in June you are alot better at English than you were in September.But then you go away on holiday, you dont usethe language at all for a few months, and youfeel that you neednt have bothered going toclass all year! You have lost a surprisingly largeamount of language and you are back to squareone*. So, what can be done to stop yourself forgetting what you have learnt and, hopefully,to improve your English?

Practise the different skills as much as possible.Tryand speakto people in English, on the beach,at the airport, on a train journey Talkabouttopicswhich are popular, like football or music.And if you make friends, later you can e-mail themand practise your writing. Listening to the radio inEnglish on the Interneteven as little as tenminutes, twice a week, helps. Read graded readers

or an online newspaper again justa little bithelpsenormously. This should also help you to bepositive about English the real key to success!

If you are worried about your communicationskills when using English in real situations, usecompensating tactics to make up for what youdont know or understand. For example, getused to speaking with the language that youknow in English not trying to translate from

your own language, then getting stuck. You canalso use gestures to get your meaning across,

useful vague language (a kind of ,a thingwhich), and pauses or fillers to give yourself time to think ( um,er , you know ). When youare listening, use the context of the conversationto help you follow the main ideas, and rememberthat you dont need to understand every word. If you are really lost, you can ask people to explainor repeat information ( Im sorry, I dont understand, Can you repeat that? ).

After this school year, you may be planning tocontinue with formal English classes or not but,even if youre not, make the effort to keep onimproving your knowledge of the language.Continue to read in English (it doesnt have to benovels, you can also learn from web pages,magazine articles and even instruction manuals).Watch films and TV programmes in Englishwhenever you have the opportunity and dont be

afraid to speakEnglish to any tourist who comesto your town.

Continue to write down any new words you hear,in mind maps or some kind of diagram. YourEnglish should develop in leaps and bounds *!

Reading

Glossary

Tactics for recharging your language batteries


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Grammar

Vocabulary

Speaking

Writing

S t u d e n t B Gi v e y ou r par t n e r s om e i d e as f or u s i n g E n gli s h d u r i n g t h e h oli d ay s .

Mak e s u r e y ou con v i n ce h i m / h e r t o t r y at le as t on e i d e a.

St u d e n t A

Gi v e y ou r par t n e r som e i d e as f or u si n g En gli sh d u r i n g t h e h oli d ay s.

Mak e su r e y ou con v i n ce h i m / h e r t o t r y at le ast on e i d e a.

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