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SLIDE 1
Tactiles and other Strategies to Describe Complex GraphicsElizabeth PyattPenn State [email protected]
SLIDE 2Outline
Defining Tactiles Braille Lettering Simplify for Tactiles Tactile Alternatives Long Description Lists and Tables
SLIDE 3Why Tactiles?Some images hard to describeSample Text DescriptionThe figure in the foreground is the first to capture the viewer’s attention. Its hands are held to its head and its mouth is wide open in a silent scream, which is amplified by the undulating movement running through the surrounding landscape. The figure is ambiguous and it is hard to say whether it is a man or a woman, young or old – or even if it is human at all. Despite radical simplification, the landscape in the picture is recognisable as the Kristiania Fjord seen from Ekeberg, with a broad view over the fjord, the town and the hills beyond. In the background to the left, at the end of the path with the balustrade that cuts diagonally across the picture, we see two strolling figuresNational Museum of Norway
SLIDE 4And now the image(s)The Scream
Pinshape.com https://pinshape.com/items/6750-3d-printed-the-scream
SLIDE 5Embossed: Braille Dots for Lines Periodic Table, National Braille Press, Boston
SLIDE 6Embossed on Paper:Bar Chart
Note: image is very light)
SLIDE 7With Color (for the sighted)Map of Morocco
SLIDE 8Swell: Heat raised lines/shapesCeltic Knot
SLIDE 9Arts & Crafts: Hand MadeTraditional EmbossingPuff PaintPipe Cleaners/Wax sticksEmbroideryKnittingSculpture…
SLIDE 10Initial PrintCleft Palate (Communications Disorders)
Image based on Wikemedia Commons image by Wikipedia user Felsir
SLIDE 11Swell Printing with Heat
SLIDE 12Embossing vs. Swell TableTechnique Swell Emboss (Paper)
Shapes +1 Like BlankBraille Letters Blank +1 LikePrinter Cost Over $1,000 Over $5,000Graphics Software
Many conventional options
Need to convert image
Paper Custom paper Thick pin feed paper or other
SLIDE 13Shout Out to BANA Tactile Guidelines
BANA Guidelines and Standards for Tactile Graphicso http://brailleauthority.org/tg / o Lots of good exampleso Sometimes you may break the rules
SLIDE 14Design Basics: BrailleNote: A Unicode Braille font is used on this page and may not be read as expected on all screen readers.
Font Size: 24 point (Swell freeware font)o No color, bold, italics availableo Monospace (wide), no kerning
Different Writing conventionso Capital symbol ( .)o Capital N = ⠄⠝ vs. Lowercase n = ⠝o NASA = ⠄⠄⠝⠁⠎⠁
Mandatory Number symbol (⠼) Braille #o 2017 = ⠼⠃⠚⠁⠛(Braille #2017)
SLIDE 15Labels
Make sure the top is labelledo A Braille title can worko Helps with vertical vs. horizontal orientationo Or add a mark at the corner?
Labels to Diagram Partso Connect with solid line
But sometimes dashed if many other shapes in the diagram
o At least 1/8 inch padding between items Arrows – Avoid solid tip (i.e. use à) arrow with line tip
SLIDE 16Two Maps of AfricaWhich details do you need? (Map by Eric Gaba & Wikipedia user Bobarino. Licensed by Creative Commons )
SLIDE 17
Simplify Details: Vocal FoldsOriginal image from 1918 edition Gray’s Anatomy via Wikipedia
SLIDE 18
Thicker LinesBut not thicker shapes (Source: Slonin-Novo & Novo 2009)
SLIDE 19
Color = Texture(but only 5-6 colors max) Source: DOE/EIA
SLIDE 20
Color World MapAgriculture Change in 2080 (Source: UNEP/JLIFAD)
SLIDE 21
More TextureAgriculture Change in 2080, ANZAC only
SLIDE 22Skip the Color
SLIDE 23
Split out InformationEast Africa Rift Valley(s) (Source: USGS)
SLIDE 24
Multiple MapsLocation, volcanoes
SLIDE 25
Still More MapsTectonic Plates, Lakes
SLIDE 26Lines
Choose straight lines over curvedo Use curved lines only when necessary (e.g. state border)o Replace curve with sharp corners
Not always – hollow circle better than hollow square Label lead lines
o connect to line in graphic But make sure it’s not confused with the graphic
Thicknesso Major = 6 pt (this may be too thick)
2-4 points for swell with rare exceptions Arrow heads
o Use > with 60° angle (like equilateral triange)
SLIDE 27Design Tips
Feel your tactiles Swell printers are finicky
o Two printers of the same model in 2 locationso We use different settings
Check with your studentso Some may be shy
Add text based descriptions/tables/listso Insert text based key
SLIDE 28Non-Tactile Tricks
Why?o Digital text always most robusto Usually faster also
Some flow charts are lists Use a table instead of a chart/regional map data set Just convert it to text
o Complex accounting tables…I’m talking to you.
SLIDE 29Concept Map or….
SLIDE 30An outline list?
1. Teaching Philosophy 2. Courses Taught (can include course descriptions and syllabi) 3. Teaching Awards and Publications 4. Teaching with Technology Samples
a. Teaching Philosophy in relation to technology b. Links to discipline or course-related links. c.List of technologies usedd. Samples
i. Course in which it was used ii. Teaching goal of the sample iii. Screen captures or actual document (graphics, audio,
video, Powerpoint) iv. Reflections on how technologies worked
SLIDE 31
Even this Flowchart (source: File by Wikipedia user Wapcaplet)
SLIDE 32Text based version
Lamp doesn’t work. o Check: Lamp plugged in?
No: Plug in lamp (end chart if lamp works) Yes: Go to next step
o Check: Bulb burned out? Yes: Replace bulb (end chart if lamp works) No: Go to next step
o Repair lamp (end chart)
SLIDE 33
Pie Chart = TableSlavic Languages in U.S. (Data: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2013)
SLIDE 34Data Table for Slavic LanguagesLanguage Numbers Percentag
eRussian 879,434 43.02%Polish 580,153 28.38%Serbo-Croatian languages
267,979 13.11%
Bielorussian (sic) 1,805 0.09%Ukrainian 152,325 7.45%Czech 47,385 2.32%Slovak 27,930 1.37%Bulgarian 57,785 2.83%Macedonian 22,885 1.12%Slovene 6,370 0.31%Total 2,044,05
1100.00%
SLIDE 35
Detroit final /r/ deletion Chart & Table for Percent Final /r/ in Detroit African American Population, Female vs. MaleSource: Trudgill 1995 (69-70)
Upper Mid Lower Mid Upper Work Lower Work0
102030405060708090
100
Percent Final /r/ in Detroit African American Population
FemaleMale
Social Class
Perc
enta
ge /r
/
Gender Upper Middle
Lower Middle
Upper Working
Lower Working
Female 90 % /r/ 70% 44.20% 31.70%Male 66.7 % /r/ 52.50% 20% 25%
SLIDE 36
Also a tableVowel “Triangle” Chart (Image from MIT Open Courseware)
Note: Some cells contain alternative descriptions for screen readersHeight/Backness
Front Central Back
Close (High) i ɨ (barred i) uClose-Mid e ʌ (carat) oOpen-Mid ɛ (open e) ə (schwa) ɔ (open o)Open (Low) æ (ash) a ɑ (hand a)
SLIDE 37Base Tactile also
SLIDE 38Long DescriptionUkraine Language Map
ALT=Map of %age of Ukrainian speakers by district. Crimea is only 10% Ukrainian and about 90% Russian. Eastern Ukraine is 50% or less Ukrainian. The west is 80-90% Ukrainian
SLIDE 39Long Description: Bilingual Signs“Font Size Matters”
Sign says Merci d'avoir choisi le magasin Walmart de Montréal, then Thank you for choosing your Montreal Walmart in much smaller type. Exit sign says “Sortie”.Source: FlickrUser MPD016505 Licensed by CC
SLIDE 40Even Longer DescriptionOld English Wikipedia
SLIDE 41OCR (Optical Character Recognition) is a must in some cases
Softwareo OmniPage, ReadIris, Fine Reader…o May need different options for non-English text
Onlineo Sensus Access (subscription based)o Google API (free, but semi decent)
SLIDE 42Challenge: Map with Campus LocationsCampus Location Accessibility Options
SLIDE 43
Add Locations as text menu
SLIDE 44Links!
Braille Assn of North America (BANA) http://brailleauthority.org/tg/web-manual/
Perkins Scout Tactile Links http://www.perkinselearning.org/scout/tactile-graphics-students-who-are-blind-or-visually-impaired
SLIDE 45Grow!
Knit design by Gypsy Studios (Etsy)