CONFERENCE

Agricultural Engineering

TAGUNG LAND TECHNIK

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VDI-MEG2013

Hannover 8. und 9. November 2013

Conference:Agricultural Engineering

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Alle Rechte vorbehalten, auch das des Nachdruckes, der Wiedergabe (Photokopie, Mikrokopie),der Speicherung in Datenverarbeitungsanlagen und der Übersetzung, auszugsweise oder vollständig.

Der VDI-Bericht, der die Vorträge der Tagung enthält, erscheint als nichtredigierter Manu skriptdruck. Die einzelnen Beiträge geben die auf persönlichen Erkenntnissen beruhenden Ansichten und Erfahrungen der jeweiligen Vortragen-den bzw. Autoren wieder.Printed in Germany.

ISSN 0083-5560

Bibliographische Information der Deutschen BibliothekDie Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet unter http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar.

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Bibliothek(German National Library)The Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche National bibliographie (German National Bibliography); detailed bibliographic data is available via Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de.

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© VDI Verlag GmbH · Düsseldorf 2012

ISBN 978-3-18-092173-0VDI-Berichte 2173

© VDI Verlag GmbH · Düsseldorf 2013Alle Rechte vorbehalten, auch das des Nachdruckes, der Wiedergabe (Photokopie, Mikrokopie),der Speicherung in Datenverarbeitungsanlagen und der Übersetzung, auszugsweise oder vollständig.

Der VDI-Bericht, der die Vorträge der Tagung enthält, erscheint als nichtredigierter Manuskriptdruck. Die einzelnenBeiträge geben die auf persönlichen Erkenntnissen beruhenden Ansichten und Erfahrungen der jeweiligen Vortragen- den bzw. Autoren wieder.Printed in Germany.ISSN 0083-5560ISBN 978-3-18-092193-8VDI-Berichte 2193

L_132409_2193-Titelei.indd 4 24.09.2013 15:31:13

Alle Rechte vorbehalten, auch das des Nachdruckes, der Wiedergabe (Photokopie, Mikrokopie),der Speicherung in Datenverarbeitungsanlagen und der Übersetzung, auszugsweise oder vollständig.

Der VDI-Bericht, der die Vorträge der Tagung enthält, erscheint als nichtredigierter Manu skriptdruck. Die einzelnen Beiträge geben die auf persönlichen Erkenntnissen beruhenden Ansichten und Erfahrungen der jeweiligen Vortragen-den bzw. Autoren wieder.Printed in Germany.

ISSN 0083-5560

Bibliographische Information der Deutschen BibliothekDie Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet unter http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar.

Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Bibliothek(German National Library)The Deutsche Bibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche National bibliographie (German National Bibliography); detailed bibliographic data is available via Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de.

Schmutztitel und Impressum.indd 2 11.08.2008 10:48:13

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© VDI Verlag GmbH · Düsseldorf 2012

ISBN 978-3-18-092173-0VDI-Berichte 2173

ForewordThis book summarises the proceedings of the 71th conference “LAND.TECHNIK – AgEng 2013”, which took place in Hannover on November 8th and 9th following the tradition of odd years. Therefore it is a well established prelude to AGRITECHNICA, the world’s most important fair for agricultural machinery, which started on November 10th with the preview days.

The conference was successfully organized in cooperation with the “Max Eyth So-ciety for Agricultural Engineering” (VDI-MEG), a technical division of the Association of German Engineers (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, VDI) and the European Society of Agricultural Engineers (EurAgEng). This collaboration has been accepted both by academia and industry at national and international levels. During recent years the number of participants has increased to about 850 from 16 nations.

This years motto “components and systems for better solutions” underlines the im-portance of suppliers within the machine development and manufacture process as well as extensive after sales services. Pursuing the ultimate ambition to increase the productivity and efficiency with less energy input to improve the complex process chains of agricultural economies, a well structured network between suppliers and manufacturers is necessary. Therefore the conference gives an excellent platform to discuss new and better solutions concerning components, systems, machines and processes.

The conference offered 72 presentations about the latest innovations, machine de-velopments, and technical concepts and methods as a foretaste of the firework of impressions at the AGRITECHNICA.

LAND.TECHNIK – AgEng is one of the most important events for the international community of agricultural engineers to discuss the possibilities of addressing future global challenges together. We hope that this book will stimulate the productive in-ternational dialog among decision-makers, developers, researchers and students to meet current and future challenges.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thorsten LangChairman of the Program Committee of the Conference LAND.TECHNIK – AgEng 2011

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Böttinger Robert KaufmannPresident of VDI Max Eyth Society for President of European Society of Agricultural Engineering (VDI-MEG) Agricultural Engineers (EurAgEng)

Foreword This book summarises the proceedings of the 71th conference “LAND.TECHNIK – AgEng 2013”, which took place in Hannover on November 8th and 9th following the tradition of odd years. Therefore it is a well established prelude to AGRITECHNICA, the world’s most important fair for agricultural machinery, which started on November 10th with the preview days. The conference was successfully organized in cooperation with the “Max Eyth Society for Agricultural Engineering” (VDI-MEG), a technical division of the Association of German Engineers (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, VDI) and the European Society of Agricultural Engineers (EurAgEng). This collaboration has been accepted both by academia and industry at national and international levels. During recent years the number of participants has increased to about 850 from 16 nations. This years motto “components and systems for better solutions” underlines the importance of suppliers within the machine development and manufacture process as well as extensive after sales services. Pursuing the ultimate ambition to increase the productivity and efficiency with less energy input to improve the complex process chains of agricultural economies, a well structured network between suppliers and manufacturers is necessary. Therefore the conference gives an excellent platform to discuss new and better solutions concerning components, systems, machines and processes. The conference offered 72 presentations about the latest innovations, machine developments, and technical concepts and methods as a foretaste of the firework of impressions at the AGRITECHNICA. LAND.TECHNIK – AgEng is one of the most important events for the international community of agricultural engineers to discuss the possibilities of addressing future global challenges together. We hope that this book will stimulate the productive international dialog among decision-makers, developers, researchers and students to meet current and future challenges.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thorsten Lang Chairman of the Program Committee of the Conference LAND.TECHNIK – AgEng 2011

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Böttinger President of VDI Max Eyth Society for Agricultural Engineering (VDI-MEG)

Robert Kaufmann President of European Society of Agricultural Engineers (EurAgEng)

Foreword This book summarises the proceedings of the 71th conference “LAND.TECHNIK – AgEng 2013”, which took place in Hannover on November 8th and 9th following the tradition of odd years. Therefore it is a well established prelude to AGRITECHNICA, the world’s most important fair for agricultural machinery, which started on November 10th with the preview days. The conference was successfully organized in cooperation with the “Max Eyth Society for Agricultural Engineering” (VDI-MEG), a technical division of the Association of German Engineers (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, VDI) and the European Society of Agricultural Engineers (EurAgEng). This collaboration has been accepted both by academia and industry at national and international levels. During recent years the number of participants has increased to about 850 from 16 nations. This years motto “components and systems for better solutions” underlines the importance of suppliers within the machine development and manufacture process as well as extensive after sales services. Pursuing the ultimate ambition to increase the productivity and efficiency with less energy input to improve the complex process chains of agricultural economies, a well structured network between suppliers and manufacturers is necessary. Therefore the conference gives an excellent platform to discuss new and better solutions concerning components, systems, machines and processes. The conference offered 72 presentations about the latest innovations, machine developments, and technical concepts and methods as a foretaste of the firework of impressions at the AGRITECHNICA. LAND.TECHNIK – AgEng is one of the most important events for the international community of agricultural engineers to discuss the possibilities of addressing future global challenges together. We hope that this book will stimulate the productive international dialog among decision-makers, developers, researchers and students to meet current and future challenges.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thorsten Lang Chairman of the Program Committee of the Conference LAND.TECHNIK – AgEng 2011

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Böttinger President of VDI Max Eyth Society for Agricultural Engineering (VDI-MEG)

Robert Kaufmann President of European Society of Agricultural Engineers (EurAgEng)

Foreword This book summarises the proceedings of the 71th conference “LAND.TECHNIK – AgEng 2013”, which took place in Hannover on November 8th and 9th following the tradition of odd years. Therefore it is a well established prelude to AGRITECHNICA, the world’s most important fair for agricultural machinery, which started on November 10th with the preview days. The conference was successfully organized in cooperation with the “Max Eyth Society for Agricultural Engineering” (VDI-MEG), a technical division of the Association of German Engineers (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, VDI) and the European Society of Agricultural Engineers (EurAgEng). This collaboration has been accepted both by academia and industry at national and international levels. During recent years the number of participants has increased to about 850 from 16 nations. This years motto “components and systems for better solutions” underlines the importance of suppliers within the machine development and manufacture process as well as extensive after sales services. Pursuing the ultimate ambition to increase the productivity and efficiency with less energy input to improve the complex process chains of agricultural economies, a well structured network between suppliers and manufacturers is necessary. Therefore the conference gives an excellent platform to discuss new and better solutions concerning components, systems, machines and processes. The conference offered 72 presentations about the latest innovations, machine developments, and technical concepts and methods as a foretaste of the firework of impressions at the AGRITECHNICA. LAND.TECHNIK – AgEng is one of the most important events for the international community of agricultural engineers to discuss the possibilities of addressing future global challenges together. We hope that this book will stimulate the productive international dialog among decision-makers, developers, researchers and students to meet current and future challenges.

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Thorsten Lang Chairman of the Program Committee of the Conference LAND.TECHNIK – AgEng 2011

Prof. Dr.-Ing. Stefan Böttinger President of VDI Max Eyth Society for Agricultural Engineering (VDI-MEG)

Robert Kaufmann President of European Society of Agricultural Engineers (EurAgEng)

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Content Page

Plenary Lecture

R. J. Rickson, Agricultural Engineering: a key discipline enabling 1 M. Moore, agriculture to deliver global food security S. Blackmore, W. Day, R. Godwin, M. Kibblewhite, P. Miller, P. Redman

Tractors – Energy and Positioning

W. Breu, Electrification of tractors – challenges and strategies 9 B. Pichlmaier, A. Szajek

V. Tröster, LIB-Off-Road Hybrid Tractor – Lithium-Ion Battery in off road 15 B. Böhm, vehicles P. Münch

S. Upchurch, Ground Positioning System for John Deere Utility Tractors – 23 T. Knuth, Off-tractor repositioning capability to aid in the attachment of T.-C. Lim, implements A. Smock, D. Sprinkle

S. K. Pitla, Work and Load Performance Profiles for Agricultural Field 29 J. D. Luck, Machinery S. A. Shearer, N. Lin, B. A. Schroeder, A. A. Klopfenstein

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Tractors – Concepts

T. Herlitzius, Concept Study of a Modular and Scalable Self - Propelled 37 A. Grosa, Implement System – Limitations of current Tillage and M. Henke, Seeding Tractor – Implement Systems and Vision of future J. Krzywinski, Technologies F. Pahner, M. Klingner

H. H. Pedersen, A Wide Span Tractor concept developed for efficient and 47 C. G. Sørensen, environmental friendly farming – It is wide and stable during F. W. Oudshoorn, field operations. When on roads it is long and narrow R. Meyer, J. K. Kjeldahl, T. Chamen

R. Selbach Swivelling hitch for soil protective crab steering 55

Tractors – Tyres

G. Fancello, New experimental method for measuring the energy 61 M. Szente, efficiency of tyres in real condition on tractors L. Kocsis, K. Szalay, E. Piron, A. Marionneau

D. Miclet, Soil compaction: track induced soil stress isn’t so positive in 67 E. Piron, comparison with tyre F. Pinet

P. Witzel, Advancement and Validation of the Hohenheim Tyre Model 73 S. Böttinger

W. Schimpl Simulation of controlled rough track rides with agricultural 83 assemblies

Page

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Tractors – Safety and Tests

M. Mattetti, Design of a load cart to reproduce field load conditions on 89 M. Walker test tracks

E. Quendler, Tractor accidents during boarding 97 L. Prodinger, J. Boxberger

R. Schrempp, Safety Requirements for the control of a power-split 105 H. Peters, transmission – An overview about different requirements F. Schmid for a transmission in a heavy truck

Power Train – Drives

S. Igl, TerraPower – Power shift transmission at the crossroads 111 T. Oberbuchner, T. Cappellaro

D. Johnson New transmissions for the John Deere 7R and 8R series 117 tractors

M. Martelli, Co-Simulation Framework for the Development of Whole- 123 S. Gessi, Machine Integrated Distributed Electronic Control E. Tonini

M. Merk, Development of a real time hydrostatic power split 129 J. Weinbuch transmission model and its usage in a Hardware-in-the- Loop (HIL) environment

Page

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Power Train – Electric Drives

M. Heckmann, Comparative analysis of hydrostatic and electric rear axle 137 H. Bernhardt traction drives, including in-field-tests

G. Sandkühler, Embedded Hydraulics in Electric Hybrid Vehicle Systems 143 C. Kempermann, L. Börger, M. Klasmann

B. Niemöller, Potato harvester with an add on generator and an electric 151 M. Thiel wheel drive – System design, field test, validation

F. Kogler, PTO Generator driven electrical components for various 157 G. Kalteis, agricultural usage J. Heissenberger, H. Prankl

Power Train – Drive Systems

J. Heissenberger, Development of an integrated tubular electric drive for 163 F. Kogler, rotating shafts in agricultural applications A robust motor E. Prand-Strizko, concept for agricultural applications J. Karner, M. Hofinger, M. Baldinger

C. Müller, Process-dependent load and power spectra of combine 169 S. Böttinger, harvester drives T. Anderl

M. Scherer, Forestry Crane with Electrohydraulic Flow-on-Demand 175 M. Geimer, System B. Weiß

F. Mandrile, Virtual validation of bearings for a new tractor transmission 183 P. Cherio, targeting efficiency and high speed dynamics – An SKF Y. Sellier methodology to simulate the behaviour of bearings in realistic application conditions helps Same Deutz-Fahr reduce validation process time and cost

Page

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Soil protection – Machine-Soil Interaction

T. Meinhold, Partial Process-Analysis of the Sowing Process for Fine 189 H. Blum, Seeds M. Budde, L. Damerow, P. Schulze- Lammers

M. Stettler, Terranimo® - a web-based tool for evaluating soil 197 T. Keller, compaction P. Weisskopf, P. Schjønning, M. Lamandé, P. Lassen

A. Battiato, Response of a clay loam agricultural soil to mechanical 205 E. Diserens, stress from tractor traffic with and without slip A. Alaoui, L. Sartori

Agricultural Information – Control and Measurement Systems

J. Karner, Steering-Control of an Agro-Hybrid-Vehicle with single 213 R. Eder, wheel drive T. Holzer, J. Wieser, H. Prankl

F. Rahe, Optimization results from simulation and field tests for the 225 B. Scheufler lateral distribution of fertilizer spreader under influence of wind and stability analysis of lateral fertilizer distributions

E. Lautner System and Software Design for a modern Grape 231 Harvester – System and Software Design Approach fulfilling State-of-the-Art Functional Safety Requirements

P. Osinenko, Real-time identification of vehicle dynamics for mobile 241 M. Geißler, machines with electrified drive trains – New non-linear T. Herlitzius system identification approach for real-time estimation of traction parameters, i.e. friction force coefficient and rolling resistance factor

Page

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Agricultural Information – Increasing Machine Efficiency

P. Pickel, SmartAgriFood Machine Breakdown Service 249 T. Flörchinger, N. Hüther

D. Schneider, Efficient TIM Safety – Safety and Certification in the 259 M. Trapp Context of Tractor-Implement Systems – A Modular Approach

W. Nüßer, Bridging the Gap between Installed and Effective Machine 265 T. Steckel Capacity

M. Reinecke, Dynamic distributed infield planning and steering system 271 S. Scheuren, for autonomous harvesting R. Hartanto, H.-P. Grothaus

Agricultural Information – Information Technologies for Farming

M. J. Ryken, Understanding Customer Duty Cycle Through JDLink™ 277 J. L’Heureux

C. Bartolein, Augmented Reality on Mobile Devices to Enhance Training 283 G. Kormann, and Service Capabilities A. A. Taube, N. Petersen, D. Stricker

A. Michaels, Vision-Based Manipulation for Weed Control with an 289 S. Haug, Autonomous Field Robot A. Albert, S. Grzonka

M. Müter, Development of an intra-row weeding system using electric 295 P. Schulze- servo drives and machine vision for plant detec Lammers, L. Damerow

Page

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Agricultural Information – Information Technologies for Farming II

C. v. Toll, Energy-oriented analysis in grain production – Visualizing 301 H. J. Meyer energy flows in agricultural machinery processes through recording and processing of Canbus-data

C. Rusch, M2M-Teledesk – Manufacturer independent telemetry 307 B. Horster, solution for agricultural machinery U. Großmann, S. Gansemer

T. Riegler, Characterizing quality of work for tillage by image data 315 C. Rechberger, processing F. Handler, H. Prankl

H.-P. Grothaus, Internet of Agriculture 327 T. Steckel

Harvesting Technology – Special Tools

G. Nerinckx, Variable speed strawwalkers – A way to increase 333 F. Duquesne, productivity and automation of conventional combines B. Missotten

J. Biggerstaff, Cleaning Shoe Airflow Distribution Measurement Method – 339 R. Secrest Evaluating Cleaning System Airflow Accurately

P. Savoie, Logistics and Economics of Harvesting Short-Rotation 345 P. Luc Hébert, Woody Crops at Various Rates F.-S. Robert

Page

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Harvesting Technology – Combine Harvester

P. Mümken, Basic study of broken grain – Why, how and when breaks 351 J. Baumgarten, the grain? S. Böttinger

S. Terörde, An automatic sidewind compensation for the radialspreader 359 J. Brinkmann, of a combine harvester C. Heitmann

M. Leth Bilde, Combine with 3 axles – Soil friendly and energy efficient 367 H. Döll, T. Herlitzius

R. Fillingham, Measuring and modelling the greenhouse gas emissions of 379 S. Blackmore, grain harvesting systems D. Clare, D. R. White, H. Korte

Harvesting Technology – Harvesting Optimisation

K. Nona, Compression modeling in the large square baler 387 E. Kayacan, W. Saeys

S. Kemper, Investigations of an overlaying cutting method in a rotary 393 T. Lang, mower L. Frerichs

J. Darr, Machinery Innovations to Meet Industrial Biomass 399 K. Webster, Harvesting Demands in Expanding United States Markets A. Shah

Page

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Page Automation – Machinery Assessment

D. S. Paraforos, New methodology to assess and test the durability of 407 H.-W. Griepentrog, agricultural machinery W. Sturmfels

F. Ballaire, Dynamic Weighing with a Front Loader 413 S. Müller

S. Groth, Development of a Sensing System to Assess Automatic 419 J. Goldmann, Steering Systems H. W. Griepentrog

J. S. Shin, Measurement and Analysis of Mechanical Vibrations 425 R. McNaull, Caused by Corn Head Clutch Slippage M. J. Darr

Automation – Robotics

J. Sonnen, A modular self-propelled semi-autonomously potato 433 A. Schweers harvester

W. Bangert, Field-Robot-Based Agriculture: “RemoteFarming.1” and 439 A. Kielhorn, “BoniRob-Apps” F. Rahe, A. Albert, P. Biber, S. Grzonka, S. Haug, A. Michaels, D. Mentrup, M. Hänsel, D. Kinski, K. Möller, A. Ruckelshausen, C. Scholz, F. Sellmann, W. Strothmann, D. Trautz

Y. Nakanishi, Posture and Vibration Control of Boom Sprayer 447 Y. Kobayashi, Y. Hoshino

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Page Automation – Communication Systems

F. Ahlers, AEF ISOBUS Automation – State of the discussion 453 H. J. Nissen

J. Horstmann Tablets and mobile devices used as data management 461 devices for agricultural machinery – Universal “Over the air” data management for ISOBUS tractor implement combinations and self propelled machinery

J. Lenz, Real time sensing and ISOBUS in agriculture 469 P. Münch, V. Adamchuk

Industrial Products – Market Analysis

K. Wulfmeier, Criteria for Efficiency Benchmarking of Mobile Machines 475 L. Frerichs

M. von Hoyningen- Development Strategy for a Family of Frugal Tractors for 483 Huene, Global Markets – Product Engineering setup, process and H. Wiedehage challenges for John Deere 6B and 6D tractors

H. Coenen Opportunities and Challenges of the Indian Agricultural 489 Market

B. Pichlmaier, A global Approach to Energy Efficiency 495 P. Hannukainen, R. Godbole

Industrial Products – Innovative Product Development

H. Kremer, Benefits of Remote Service Support for mobile machines 507 A. Kolesnikow, C. Westerkamp, A. Ganseforth

C. P. Schreiber, New Combine to Header Connection-Concept for very wide 515 J. Krzywinski, platforms – Foldable header with 18m cutting width and T. Herlitzius 18 m transport length including the combine

T. Dumont, Electronics for Agricultural Machines: global and local – 523 A. Fladée a challenge, not a contradiction – A supplier’s view about meeting local needs in a global networked engineering and manufacturing environment

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