tahrir data project
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Tahrir Data Project. Preliminary Descriptive Analysis. Discursive Context. Pessimism and Utopianism since Iran and Moldova 2011> Deen Freelon’s 4-part taxonomy The Hype and the Blowback Still a n anecdotal debate Still: « Was it a Facebook Revolution?». The Tahrir Data Sets. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Tahrir Data ProjectPreliminary Descriptive Analysis
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Discursive Context
• Pessimism and Utopianismsince Iran and Moldova
• 2011>Deen Freelon’s 4-part taxonomy
• The Hype and the Blowback
• Still an anecdotal debate
• Still: «Was it a Facebook Revolution?»
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The Tahrir Data Sets
• TDS-a: protester media-use– 1200 interviews between Feb 24 & March 1– In-depth, “superficial” questionnaire
• TDS-b: coordinator media-use– 35 individuals, semi-structured, purposive sample
• TDS-c: Twitter and transnational networks– #jan25 tweets between Jan 21 & Feb 11– 675,715 tweets, 106,000 users, 27 languages
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TDS-a: Protester Sample
• “Hidden population”• Predominantly:
–young, –well educated, –non-politcally active, –wired–men
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Frequencies:media use
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Blogs (123) Twitter (138) Radio (229) Email (285) Facebook (447)
SMS (492) Print (612) Phone (869) TV (978) Live Comm'n (989)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Used in Protests
How much did protesters use media?
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Blogs (123) Twitter (138) Radio (229) Email (285) Facebook (447)
SMS (492) Print (612) Phone (869) TV (978) Live Comm'n (989)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Use in General Used in Protests
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Email (285)
SMS (492)
Phone (869)
Radio (229)
Print (612)
Blogs (123)
Twitter (138)
TV (978)
Facebook (447)
-10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
57.5%
16.1%
10.8%
8.1%
5.4%
3.8%
3.0%
1.7%
0.7%
Drops in Medias' General Use to Protest Use
Med
ia (#
med
ia u
sers
)
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Email (285)
SMS (492)
Phone (869)
Radio (229)
Print (612)
Blogs (123)
Twitter (138)
TV (978)
Facebook (447)
-10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
57.5%
16.1%
10.8%
8.1%
5.4%
3.8%
3.0%
1.7%
0.7%
Med
ia (#
med
ia u
sers
)
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Email (285)
SMS (492)
Phone (869)
Radio (229)
Print (612)
Blogs (123)
Twitter (138)
TV (978)
Facebook (447)
-10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
57.5%
16.1%
10.8%
8.1%
5.4%
3.8%
3.0%
1.7%
0.7%
Med
ia (#
med
ia u
sers
)
Real Time Media?Synchronous Media?Social Media?Suitability for Protest Activity
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Logical Regressions:Out on first day &
first time protesting
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Protested on Day 1Exp (b) P
Age 1.009 0.27Male 1.295 0.11Education 0.991 0.87Net at Home 1.297 0.21Net on Phone 1.091 0.54Uses Text Gen 1.092 0.56Uses FB Gen 1.443* 0.01Uses TW Gen 1.429* 0.05Uses Blogs Gen 1.197 0.4Uses Email Gen 0.818 0.31Uses Phone Gen 1.22 0.46Uses TV Gen 0.483** 0.01Uses Radio 1.089 0.56Uses Print 1.366* 0.04_cons 0.341* 0.04N 1029ll -654.933* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001
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Not 1st ProtestExp (b) P
Age 1.034*** 0Male 1.034 0.84Education 1.03 0.61Net at Home 1.589* 0.03Net on Phone 1.118 0.44Uses Text Gen 1.227 0.19Uses FB Gen 1.349* 0.04Uses TW Gen 1.467* 0.04Uses Blogs Gen 0.961 0.86Uses Email Gen 1.11 0.61Uses Phone Gen 0.673 0.13Uses TV Gen 0.763 0.34Uses Radio 0.723* 0.04Uses Print 1.781*** 0_cons 0.099*** 0N 1029ll -631.21* p<0.05, ** p<0.01, *** p<0.001
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Frequencies:Media rankings and protester behaviour
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Phone Face To Face Facebook Satellite TV Email Twitter Documentation SMS Radio Print0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%Im
port
ant
Impo
rtan
t
Impo
rtan
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rtan
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rtan
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rtan
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Info
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Info
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Used
Used
Used
Used
Used
Used
Used
Used
Used
Used
Moti
vatin
g
Moti
vatin
g
Moti
vatin
g
Moti
vatin
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Moti
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Moti
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Moti
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Moti
vatin
g
Important
Informative
Used
Motivating
Media Arranged by Overall Scores
Perc
ent o
f Tot
al P
ossi
ble
Scor
e
Media Rankings (1)
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Phone (869)
Face T
o Face
(989)
Faceb
ook (447)
Satell
ite TV
(978)
(285)
(138)
Documentati
on (no defi
ned user
s)
SMS (
492)
Radio (2
29)
Print (6
12)0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
75%
53%
65%
25%
52%
42%
10%
17%
5%
81%
46%
63%
21%
55%
42%
9%16%
3%
36%
51%
84%
43%
29%33%
7%
37%
8%
58%
43%
81%
20%24%
76%
6%
17%
4%
ImportantInformativeUsedMotivating
Media (# media users)
% o
f top
scor
e po
ssib
le fr
om m
edia
use
rsMedia Rankings (2)
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Phone (869)
Face T
o Face
(989)
Faceb
ook (447)
Satell
ite TV
(978)
(285)
(138)
Documentati
on (no defi
ned user
s)
SMS (
492)
Radio (2
29)
Print (6
12)0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
75%
53%
65%
25%
52%
42%
10%
17%
5%
81%
46%
63%
21%
55%
42%
9%16%
3%
36%
51%
84%
43%
29%
33%
7%
37%
8%
58%
43%
81%
20%
24%
76%
6%
17%
4%
ImportantInformativeUsedMotivating
% o
f top
scor
e po
ssib
le fr
om m
edia
use
rs
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
52%
46%
32%
26%
11%
6%5% 4% 5%
3%
Media Ranking Aggregatessignificance by full sample of respondents
Media (# of media users)
% o
f pos
sible
scor
e
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
52%
46%
32%
26%
11%
6%5% 4% 5%
3%
62%
48%
73%
27%
40%
48%
8%
22%
5%
significance by full sample of respondents
significance by media user respondents
% o
f pos
sible
scor
e
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Key Protest Metrics
Reliability
• Blogs (>tw, live, fb, em)
• Exaggeration for Blogs and TW in content types and motivations
Documentation• Sources:
TV, Live, Phone, FB, Print • Users
FB, live TW, phone, sat
.001.002.003.004.00
Media (total responses/total media users)
Relay
• Facebook and TV strongest showers
• Both as info types and activities
• The strange showing of live communication
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Implications of TDS-a
Digital distinguish themselves through:• Degreee and character of media use • Behavior of media users• User relationships to media
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TDS-c: Tweeters
1a. 1b.
Power law distributions for tweeters and retweeters.
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TDS-c: Transnational communication flows
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TDS b: Coordinator Strategies
• Traditional media & Hybridity• Strong ties and weak ties• Transnational Information Flows as
–Security–Motivation–Principle
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Preliminary Conclusions
• Digital media are distinct• Digital media vs hybrid media• Context and contingency• We need more sophisticated models
– Utopianism and pessimism do not suffice– Information ecologies– Functional network mappings
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A Facebook Revolution?
Silly Question
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Moving Ahead
• Implications for further research– Grounded research– Local research– Open research – Comparative research
• Objects for further research– Mapping – Relay – Duplication and comparison
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http://tahrirdata.info