tajweed rules · 2019. 10. 30. · tajweed rules preface assalamu alaikum. alhamdu lillah, we have...
TRANSCRIPT
Tajweed Rules
PREFACE
Assalamu alaikum. Alhamdu lillah, we have finally completed the first version of this work that provides you with charts on Rules of Tajweed. We
don’t claim to be an expert in this area but we have tried our best to develop this tajweed material by referring to few books. We believe that this material
would be useful to those who are teaching Tajweed. Also, this can be used as a reference material. In order to develop this material, we have referred to the
following books:
1. Moulana Muhammad Ibrahim Sahib Baaqavi, Hidayathus sifyan fi tajweedil Quran, Haadi Publishers, Chennai, India. [In Tamil]
2. Dr. Abdul-majid Khan, Tajwid: The art of recitation of the Holy Quran, Urdu Academy Sind, Karachi, Pakistan. [In English]
يدفن التجو ,عزت عبيد الدعاس .3 , Dar Ibn Hajam, Beirut, Lebanon. [In Arabic]
4. Umm Muhammad, A Brief Introduction to Tajweed, Abul-Qasim Publishing House, Jeddah. [In English]
We ask Allah to forgive our shortcomings and accept our efforts. Please provide us with suggestions and/or comments for further improvement. We
acknowledge the help of many brothers and sisters in the preparation of this document. May Allah reward them all, aameen.
Please remember us and our parents in your prayers.
Contact Email: [email protected]
Contact Address:
M.I. Seyed Mohamed Buhari, 24-E, Mohideen Street, Kayalpatnam – 628 204. Tamil Nadu. INDIA.
1
أحكام التجويدRULES OF TAJWEED
أحكام الوقفRULES OFSTOPPING
علامات الضبطPUNCTUATION
MARKS
الوقف والابتداءSTOPPING AND
INITIATION
الحروف الحافيMOLAR
TONGUE
الحروف الشجريةPALATAL
CONSONANTS
الحرفان اللهويانUVULAR
CONSONANTS
الحروف الحلقيةPHARYNGEAL
(THROAT)CONSONANTS
الخيشوم NASAL CAVITY
(NASALIZATION)
الحروف الشفويةLABIAL (LIP)
CONSONANTS
الحروف الأسليةINTER-DENTAL
الحروف اللثويةALVEO-DENTAL
الحروف النطعيةDENTAL
CONSONANTS
الحروف الذلقيةALVEOLAR
CONSONANTS
مخارج الحروفPLACES OF ARTICULATION
أحكام المدRULES OF MADD
أحكام الإدغامASSIMILATION
أحكام الراءRULES OF RAA
أحكام حرف اللامRULES OF LAAM
أحكام حرف الميم الساكنةRULES OF MEEM
SAKINAH
أحكام النون الساكنة والتنوينNOON SAKINAH AND
TANWEEN
أحكام الميم والنون المشددتينMUSHADDAD NOON
AND MEEM
القلقلةQALQALAH
أحكام الحروفRULES OFLETTERS
2
أحكام الحروفTHE RULES OF LETTERS
أحكام المدRULES OF
MADD
أحكام الإدغامRULES OF
ASSIMILATION
أحكام الراءRULES OF RAA
أحكام حرف اللامRULES OF
LAAM
أحكام الميم والنون المشددتينRULES OF
MUSHADDAD NOONAND MEEM
أحكام حرف الميم الساكنةRULES OF MEEM
SAKINAH
القلقلةRULES OF
QALQALAH
أحكام النون الساكنة والتنوينRULES OF NOON
SAKINAH AND TANWEEN
المد الاصليNATURAL MADD
المد الفرعيDERIVED MADD
المتماثلين IDENTICAL
LETTERS
المتجانسين SAME PLACE OFARTICULATION
المتقاربين CLOSE PLACE OFARTICULATION
الإظهار الشفويITH-HAAR SHAFAWI
الإدغام الشفويIDGHAAM SHAFAWI
الإخفاء الشفويIKHFAA SHAFAWI
الإظهارITH-HAAR
الإدغامIDGHAAM
الإخفاءIKHFAA
الإقلابIQLAAB
لام لفظ الجلالةLAAM JALALAH
لام التعريفLAAM TA'RIF
لام القمريةLAAM
QAMARIYYAH
لام الشمسيةLAAM
SHAMSIYYAH
لام الفعلLAAM OF
VERB
أحكام الحروفTHE RULES OF LETTERS [Contd ...]
3
WAYS TO START RECITINGSURAHS
PERMITTED WAYSTO RECITE
READ ذالبسملة , التعوAND السورة
SEPARATELY
READ ذالبسملة , التعوAND السورة JOINTLY
READ ذالبسملة , التعوJOINTLY AND السورة
SEPARATELY
READ ذالتعو SEPARATELY.THEN البسملة AND السورة
JOINTLY
WAYS OF RECITING SURAHSCONTINUOUSLY
PERMITTED WAYSTO RECITE
READ CURRENT السورة,السورة AND NEXT البسملة
SEPARATELY
READ CURRENT السورةSEPARATELY. THEN البسملةAND NEXT السورة JOINTLY
READ CURRENT السورة,السورة AND NEXT البسملة
JOINTLY
WAY NOTPERMITTED TO
RECITE
READ CURRENT السورة,JOINTLY AND البسملة
NEXT السورةSEPARATELY
4
غفور رحيم,من لدنك
ـ,ن ـ ـ
NOON SAKINAH OR TANWEEN
الإدغامIDGHAAM
الإقلابIQLAAB
الإخفاءIKHFAA
الإظهارITH-HAAR
(READ CLEARLY)
ء ه ح خ ع غ
مع غنة(With Stress)
ي و م ن
(Assimilation of oneletter into another)
ي ر م ل و ن
(CONVERT ن ORTANWEEN TO م)
ب
(USE NOSE)
ت ث ج د ذ ز س ش ص ض ط ظ فق ك
بدون غنة(Without Stress)
ر ل
أحكام النون الساكنة والتنوينRULES FOR READING CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR AFTER NOON SAKINAH OR
TANWEEN
إدغام تامOR إدغام ناقصإدغام كامل
نل أميوسن, رأوني قوم تجهلون, لن تفعلوا خبيرا بصيرا, من بعد
هزوا ولعب, من وال كنلد من ,محير رغفو
Exceptions in Idghaam:1. Idghaam does not apply in one word [يس and ن ]
2. Idghaam does not apply if there is sakta between the wordsوقيل من راق
3. If و OR ي appears in same word after ن , Read clearly (إظهار)دنيا قنوان
يم Oيس قرأن الحك والقلم وما يسطرون O ن وال
5
مMEEM SAKINAH
إدغام شفويIDGHAAM SHAFAWI
إخفاء شفويIKHFAA SHAFAWI
إظهار شفويITH-HAAR SHAFAWI
(READ CLEARLY)
OTHER LETTERSEXCEPT م& ب
مع غنة(With Stress)
م
(USE NOSE, WITHSTRESS)
ب
أحكام حرف الميم الساكنةRULES FOR READING CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR AFTER MEEM SAKINAH
رت ألم بهم مهبر منهم من كلم االله
أحكام الميم والنون المشددتينRULES OF MUSHADDAD NOON
AND MEEM
READ ن AND م WITH STRESS,EVEN WHILE STOPPING
For Noon Shaddah: اسالنة والجن ان, منج
For Meem Shaddah: ا , ثملم
6
RULES FOR READING QALQALAH CHARACTERS THAT APPEAR WITHSUKUN: READ WITH ECHO SOUND
القلقلةQALQALAH
قطب جد
صغرى[WEAK ECHO]
IF ANYONE OF THE QALQALAHCHARACTERS WITH SUKUN APPEARS
IN THE MIDDLE OF A WORD
كبرى[STRONG ECHO]
IF ANYONE OF THE QALQALAHCHARACTERS WITH SUKUN
APPEARS AT THE END OF A WORDAND WHEN WE STOP AT IT
ارمقد ثاقمي
7
أحكام الإدغامRULES OF IDGHAAM
إدغامIDGHAAM
IF SUKUN IS FOLLOWEDBY - OR - OR -
متماثلينMUTAMAATHILAIN
متقاربينMUTAQARIBAIN
متجانسينMUTAJANISAIN
IF THE SUKUN LETTERAND THE NEXT LETTERARE SAME
IF THE SUKUN LETTERAND THE NEXT LETTERARE DIFFERENT BUTWITH SAME ORIGIN
IF THE SUKUN LETTERAND THE NEXT LETTERARE DIFFERENT BUTWITH CLOSE-BY ORIGIN
إذ ذهب مغاضبا بقل ر وإذ ظلم
Exceptions in Idhgaam:There will be no merger1. If both identical letters are with harakah
عهممبس بذه
2. If both letters are letters of Madd [ و and ي ]هادوا والنصارى
3. If there is a sakta between two identical letters لكه هاليم
If the letters of Madd are Leen letters [ي or وpreceeded by fathah], then there will be a complete
merger without nasalization
بما عصوكانوا is pronounced as بما عصوا وكانوا
8
أحكام الراءRULES FOR READING 'RAA' DUE TO CHARACTERS OR HARAKAH THAT APPEAR
ON OR BEFORE OR AFTER IT
أحكام الراءRULES OF 'RAA'
تفخيم STRONG
ترقيقSOFT
BOTH TYPESTRONG &
SOFT
1. RAA WITH FATHAH OR DHAMMAH OR FATHATAIN ORDHAMMATAIN [ ر ر ر ر ]2. SAME AS 1ST POINT BUT WITH SHADDAH [ ر ر ر ر ]3. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS EITHERWITH DHAMMAH OR FATHAH [ ـ ر ,ـ ر ]4. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITHSUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE THAT IS WITH FATHAHOR DHAMMAH [ ـ ـ ر ,ـ ـ ر ]5. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITHTRUE KASRAH AND THE LETTER AFTER RAA IS ANYONE OFTHESE CHARACTERS (خ ص ض غ ط ظ ق) CALLED AS حروف الإستعلاء6. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITHTEMPORARY KASRAH [ ار ]
1. RAA WITH KASRAH OR KASRATAIN [ ر, ر ]
2. SAME AS 1ST POINT BUT WITH SHADDAH [ ر ,ر ]
3. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITHKASRAH [ ـ ر ]
4. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS WITHSUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE THAT IS WITHKASRAH [ ـ ـ ر ]
5. RAA WITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE IS يWITH SUKUN AND THE LETTER BEFORE THAT IS WITHFATHAH [ ر ـ ي ]6. THE WORD مجرها
PREFER SOFT -- فرق .1
PREFER SOFT -- القطر .2
PREFER STRONG -- مصر .3
برق , سر , ربنا
رسالع , رقة , القدضى , فرتار
دري, رجال
ذرر , انر, حجيخ
9
أحكام حرف اللامRULES FOR READING LAAM
لام لفظ الجلالةLAAM IN THE WORD االله
تفخيم STRONG
ـ االله OR ـ االله
IF FATHAH OR DHAMMAHAPPEARS BEFORE االله
ترقيق SOFT
ـ االله
IF KASRAH APPEARSBEFORE االله
LAAM IN WORDSOTHER THAN االله
ترقيق SOFT
لام الشمسيةLAAM SHAMSIYYAH
LAAM IS NOTPRONOUNCED
ت ث د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ل نب ج ح خ ع غ ف ق ك م و ه ي ء
لام القمريةLAAM QAMARIYYAH
LAAM ISPRONOUNCED
أراد االله,رفعه االله الحمد الله, بسم االله
ملهاوم ,كله
والطور البصير
لام التعريفLAAM TA'RIF
READING LAAM WITH OTHERCHARACTERS
لام الفعلLAAM OF VERB
Pronounced as إظهار , if atthe beginning or middle of
the verb
Pronounced as إدغام , iffollowed by raa or laam
فئتين التقتا
جعلنا, قلنا
هفعل رب is pronouncedas هفعرب
Exception: No Idghaam ifthere is sakata
كلا بل ران
10
أحكام الألفRULES FOR READING ALIF
READING ALIF
تفخيمSTRONG
ترقيقSOFT
IF ANYONE OF THE حروف الإستعلاءCHARACTERS (خ ص ض غ ط ظ ق)
APPEAR BEFORE ALIF, READALIF STRONGLY
IF CHARACTERS OTHERTHAN حروف الإستعلاء
CHARACTERS APPEARBEFORE ALIF, READ ALIF
SOFTLY
عصى عسى
11
أحكام المدRULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS [1]
ـ و, ـ ي ,ـ ا
RULES OF MADD
مد اصليNATURAL MADD
مد فرعيDERIVED MADD
1. MADD SHOULD NOT BEFOLLOWED BY SUKUN [ ـ ]OR HAMZAH [ء]2. READ AS ONE ALIF3. OTHER NAMES: 'JAATI'OR 'TABAYI'
MADD SHOULD BEFOLLOWED BY SUKUN
[ء] OR HAMZAH [ ـ ]
مد متصلMADD MUTTASIL
مد منفصلMADD MUNFASIL
مد لازمMADD LAAZIM
مد عارضMADD AARIDH
1.MADD IS FOLLOWEDBY HAMZAH IN SAMEWORD2. READ AS 4 TO 5 ALIF3. OTHER NAME: 'MADDWAJIB'
1. MADD IS FOLLOWED BYHAMZAH IN DIFFERENTWORD2. READ AS 2 TO 4 ALIF3. OTHER NAME: 'MADDJAIZ'
1. MADD IS FOLLOWEDBY SUKUN ASLI [REALSUKUN]2. READ AS 3 TO 5 ALIF
1. MADD IS FOLLOWEDBY TEMPORARY SUKUN2. READ AS ANYONE OFTHREE TYPES [Refer nextpage]
اوتينا
شاء قالوا انها Contd ...
مد بدلMADD BADAL
مد عوضMADD IWADH
MADD LETTER ISPRECEEDED BY
HAMZAH
ALIF REPLACESFATHATAIN WHENONE STOPS ON IT
نإيمان , آم , تياو أفواجا IS READ AS أفواجا
12
أحكام المدRULES FOR READING MADD CHARACTERS [2]
مد لازمMADD LAAZIM
مد عارضMADD AARIDH
READING IN ANYONE TYPE ISOUR CHOICE [BE CONSISTENT]
كلمى مثقلKALIMA MUTHAQQAL
كلمى مخففKALIMA MUKHAFFAF
حرفى مثقلHARFI MUTHAQQAL
حرفى مخففHARFI MUKHAFFAF
SHADDAH APPEARSAFTER مد IN ONE WORD
-مد
SUKUN APPEARSAFTER مد IN ONE WORD
-مد
SHADDAH APPEARS ON مدIN ONE CHARACTER
SUKUN APPEARS ON مدIN ONE CHARACTER
قصرQASR
READ AS ONE ALIF
توسط TAWASSUT
READ AS 2 OR 3 ALIF
طولTOOL
READ AS 5 ALIF
Exception: The word الم in سورة ال عمرانcan be read with or without مد
دابة الئن ONLY PLACE
طسم ص
CHANGE نوفلحم TO نوفلحم
13
أحكام حروف لينRULES OF HURUF LEEN
حروف لينHURUF LEEN
ـ و,ـ ي
مد لين لازمMADD LEEN
LAAZIM
1. HURUF LEEN IS FOLLOWEDBY TRUE SUKUN2. READ AS قصر OR توسط OR طول.BUT طول IS BETTER
مد لين عارضMADD LEEN
AARIDH
1. HURUF LEEN IS FOLLOWEDBY TEMPORARY SUKUN2. READ AS قصر OR توسط OR طول
نون قطنيNOON QUTNI
IF SUKUN APPEARS AFTERTANWEEN, THEN:
1. CHANGE TANWEEN TO KASRAH2. ADD A NOON WITH KASRAH
BETWEEN THEM
Exception:1. IF WE STOP AT TANWEEN,THERE IS NO NOON QUTNI
2. IN سورة الإخلاص , STOPPING ISBETTER
ONLY TWO PLACESعسق,كهيعص
بيت, موت
ة ن الذيزلم
14
أحكام الصلةRULES OF SILAH
SILAH MEANS READING هELONGATEDLY LIKE مد
صلة بالياءSILAH BIL YAH
IF KASRAH COMESBEFORE ه , READ
LIKE ي OF مد
صلة بالواوSILAH BIL WAV
IF FATHAH ORDHAMMAH COMES
BEFORE ه , READ LIKE وOF مد
Exception: DHAMMAH APPEARS ON هINSTEAD OF KASRAH
انيهسوما أن IN SURAH كهف
فتح IN SURAH عليه االله
Exception: SUKUN APPEARSON ه INSTEAD OF KASRAH
أرجه IN SURAH أعراف فألقه IN SURAH نمل
Exception: NO صلة BECAUSE THEYARE NOT ه BUT PART OF THE
WORD ITSELF
هود IN SURAH نفقه مؤمنون IN SURAH فواكهمريم IN SURAH لم تنته
هعبه م
Exception: IF ي WITH SUKUN APPEARSBEFORE ه , READ ه WITH KASRAH
BUT WITHOUT ELONGATION
فيه
BUT READ اانهه مفي WITHELONGATION
Exception: IFANYTHING EXCEPT يWITH SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE ه ,
READ ه WITH DHAMMAH
همن
GENERAL RULE: IF A LETTER WITH SUKUN APPEARS BEFORE ه, THEN WE WON'T READELONGATEDLY
Exception: DHAMMAH OFIS NOT ELONGATED ه
لكم هضرا يوكرشإن توIN SURAH الزمر
Exception: IF لم APPEARSBEFORE فعل, THEN ي AT THE
END WILL BE REMOVED.SO, THERE IS NO
ELONGATION
لم ينته IS READ AS لم ينتهي
15
أحكام الهمزةRULES OF HAMZAH
RULES OF HAMZAH
همزة وصلHAMZAH WASL
همزة قطعHAMZAH QATH
1. IF A WORD STARTS WITH SUKUN, WEADD A HAMZAH TO IT
2. THIS HAMZAH IS TEMPORARY HAMZAH3. IF THIS HAMZAH APPEARS BETWEEN
TWO WORDS, THEN IT WILL NOT BE READ
1. THIS HAMZAH IS PART OF THEWORD
2. IF THIS HAMZAH APPEARSBETWEEN TWO WORDS, IT WILL BE
READ
فاطلب مهتذرءان
IF فعل BEGINS WITH همزة وصل ANDTHIRD LETTER OF THE WORD ISDHAMMAH, THEN DHAMMAH IS
GIVEN TO HAMZAH
IF فعل BEGINS WITH همزة وصلAND THIRD LETTER OF THE
WORD IS FATHAH ORKASRAH, THEN KASRAH IS
GIVEN TO HAMZAH
IF THE WORD BEGINS WITHDEFINITE ARTICLE ال , THEN
FATHAH IS GIVEN TOHAMZAH
ظران is read as ظران حافت is read as حافت
المال is read as المال
الذي is read as الذي
IF اسم BEGINS WITHTHEN , همزة وصل
KASRAH IS GIVENTO HAMZAH
فطاران ارتشان نن ابيتنات
اسم اثنين امراة ابنة
16
AMONG TWO WORDS, IF THEFIRST WORD ENDS WITHSUKUN AND THE SECOND
WORD STARTS WITH SUKUN
IF THE LETTER WITHSUKUN IN THE FIRST
WORD IS A MADDLETTER, THIS MADDLETTER IS REMOVED
دما الحقالوو
IF THE LETTER WITHSUKUN IN THE FIRST
WORD IS NOT A MADDLETTER, THEN READ مOR و WITH DHAMMAH
اشترو الضللة
IF THE LETTER WITHSUKUN IN THE FIRSTWORD IS ن FROM من[ZAR], READ THE ن
WITH FATHAH
من االله
IF THE LETTER WITH SUKUNIN THE FIRST WORD IS NOT
MADD AND NOT ن FROM من[ZAR], THEN READ THE
SUKUN LETTER WITHKASRAH
قم الليل
EXCEPTION:SHOULD سورة ال عمران IN الم االلهBE READ WITH FATHAH
17
أحكام الوقفRULES OF STOPPING
RULES FOR ENDING ASENTENCE
CHANGE FATHAH ORDHAMMAH OR KASRAHOR DHAMMATAIN OR
KASRATAIN TO SUKUN
CHANGE FATHATAINTO ALIF CHANGE ة TO ه
NOTATIONS IN HOLYQURAN
MUST STOP
O or ه or م or طor سكة or وقفه
MUST NOTSTOP
لا
PREFERREDTO STOP
قف
PREFERREDNON-STOP
ز-ج or ز or ق orصل or صلى
STOP ANDNON-STOPARE SAME
لا] or ص or جabove O or ه]
1. STOP AT ONE :.AND NOT ATANOTHER :.2. DIFFERENTOPINION PERSISTSFOR فلا
وقف منجل STOPPED AT جبريل عليه السلام .12. PREFER STOPPING ATوقف غفران3. PREFER NON-STOP ATوقف كفران
STOP نستعين AS نستعين
STOP محير بر من AS محير بر من
STOP ااحد AS ااحد STOP لوةالص AS لوهالص
OBSERVE ASPREVIOUSSYMBOL INTHE AAYAH
ك
GENERAL RULE:1. WE MUST STOP AT م . IF NOT, THE MEANING WILL CHANGE.
2. FOR NOTATIONS OTHER THAN م: IF YOU ARE NOT ABLE TO READ CONTINUOUSLY,YOU CAN STOP AT ANY PLACE. BUT WHILE CONTINUING, WE SHOULD REPEAT ONE OR
TWO WORDS PRECEEDING THE PLACE AT WHICH WE STOPPED.
18
أحكام سكتة RULES OF SAKTA
SAKTA: STOP THE SOUND BUTDON'T BREAK THE BREATH
كهف IN SURAH عوجا
يس IN SURAH من مرقدنا
قيامة IN SURAH قيل من
تتفيف IN SURAH كلا بل
ACCORDING TO SOMESCHOLARS
لكه هاليم IN SURAH الحاقة
GENERAL RULE: THERE IS NO SAKTAAT THE POINT OF STOPPING
19
مخارج الحروفTHE PLACES OF ARTICULATION
الحروف الحافيMOLAR
CONSONANT
ض
الحروف الشجريةPALATAL
CONSONANTS
ج ش ي
الحرفان اللهويانUVULAR
CONSONANTS
ك ق
الحروف الشفويةLABIAL (LIP)
CONSONANTS
ب ف م و
الحروف الأسليةINTER-DENTALCONSONANTS
ز س ص
الحروف اللثويةALVEO-DENTAL
CONSONANTS
ث ذ ظ
الحروف النطعيةDENTAL
CONSONANTS
ت د ط
الحروف الذلقيةALVEOLAR
CONSONANTS
ل ر ن
الحروف الحلقيةPHARYNGEAL
(THROAT)CONSONANTS
أدنى الحلقLOWER THROAT
خ غ
وسط الحلقMIDDLE THROAT
ح ع
أقصى الحلقUPPER THROAT
ء ه
الخيشومNASAL CAVITY
(NASALIZATION)
م ن
جوف الفمORAL CAVITY
(VOWELS)
ا و ي
مخارج الحروفTHE PLACES OF ARTICULATION
20
21