Take out

1. Pen2. Highlighter’s

Homework For Tuesday Night

1. Read: Science and Midcentury (pages 754-757)2. Message Board Question: Ch 24 Science and Midcentury3. Quiz: Chapter Ch 24 Science and Midcentury

Auguste ComteA. Develops the idea of

Positivism.B. States that Human

thought developed in 3 stages.

1. Theological2. Metaphysical3. Positive

C. Father of Sociology1. Positive laws of social

behavior could be discovered in the same fashion as laws of physical nature.

Auguste Comte

• Intellectual Activity Advanced through predictable stages

• First Stage– Theological/Fictitious (Religious)– God imposes itself on object?• What does this mean?• Explains phenomenon as being due to the will and action of

divinities.

– Need this stage to get to the last stage

2ND STAGE: Metaphysical / Abstract

A. Natural (nature) Phenomena explained as being due to some force within the object itself1. Happens because that is how life is 2. Man relates effects (results) to abstract (something

you can’t see), but is poorly understood causes 3. Deals with ideas and not based off experience or

evidence (LIKE MANY OF YOUR MESSAGE BOARD ANSWERS)

4. Transition from stage 1 to 3 5. The 2nd stage is needed to understand stage 3

3rd Stage: Scientific / Positive

A. Man understands the scientific laws which controls the world

B. People apply science to reasons

3 Stages

• Intellectual progression applied to:– Physics– Chemistry– Society

Applying Positive Methods

• Sociology would soon discover the eternal laws of human relations

• Result:– Allow social scientists to impose conformity and

well being on less enlightened citizens.

Video Clip on Comte

2nd Video Start Time: 3:30 min

Apply the three Comte’s 3 Stages of thinking to the question below

Why are there wars?

Vocabulary Cont.

Social Darwinism

• Social Darwinism– People’s belief that the race that is more

successful in business and life, is the best race• Encourage Racism

– The belief that one race is superior to another, which leads to hate and discrimination

– It will lead to the strong belief that the White race is the superior race

– The Theory of Social Darwinism will be applied to countries

Evolution?

Evolution of Man?

• Evolution of Video Game Characters

The Descent of Man

A. Applied evolution by natural selection to human beings.

B. He argued that humans1. moral nature2. religious sentiments3. physical frame

a) developed through nature, because of the concept of survival of the fittest.

Problems with Social Darwin’s Theory of Survival of Fittest.

A. Darwin's theory was attacked by Religious and Scientific communities.

B. Theory of Evolution through Natural Selection…1. Contradicted the Church’s belief of the Universe’s

creation and design.2. Argued against the existence of a God.

C. The idea that physical and organic nature might be constantly changing allowed people to believe that society, values, customs and belief should also change.D. Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection would not be

accepted and applied until the 1920-1930s

Science and Ethics- Social Darwinism

A. Bridge between biology and human behavior.B. This is accomplished by examining the cultural and

biological feedback systems that inspires the evolution of social rules.

C. Philosophers applied the concept of the struggle to survive to human relationships.

Herbert SpencerA. British PhilosopherB. Advocate of Evolutionary

ethics.C. Coined the phrase “Survival

of the Fittest.D. Believed that human society

progressed through competition.

E. If the weak received too much help from governments, everyone else would be the loser.1. There would be no competition.

Herbert Spencer1. Justified not aiding the poor

or working class.2. Justified the domination of

colonial peoples.3. Justified aggressive

competition among nations.

F. It became morally important for human beings to struggle/ compete against each other to improve ones life.

G. Spencer and Social Darwinist – Popular with middle class

Thomas Henry HuxleyA. He was hesitant to agree

with Darwin.B. He was also a great defender

of DarwinC. He declared that physical

evolution was at odds with human ethical development.

1. That struggle with human nature only showed how human beings should not behave

D. Social Darwinism influenced thought in Europe and U.S.

Social Darwinism

The end