D/DGD&D/1/102/12/LW1 Army Code 71384Part 3

TACTICAL AIDE MEMOIRE(TAM)

PART 3

Issue 1.0 Prepared under the direction ofFebruary 1999 The Chief of the General Staff

Issue 1.0: Feb 99

CONDITIONS OF RELEASE

Copyright . This work is copyright and the intellectualproperty rights for this publication belong exclusively to theMinistry of Defence (MOD). No material or informationcontained in this publication should be released outsideMOD establishments except as authorised by both thesponsor and the MOD where appropriate.

Security Classification . This document is issued for theinformation of such persons only as need to know itscontents in the course of their official duties. Any personfinding this document should hand it into a British Forcesunit or to a police station for its safe return to theMINISTRY OF DEFENCE, D MOD SY, LONDON SW12HB, with particulars of how and where found. THEUNAUTHORIZED RETENTION OR DESTRUCTION OFTHE DOCUMENT IS AN OFFENCE UNDER THEOFFICIAL SECRETS ACTS OF 1911-1989. (Whenreleased to persons outside Government service, thisdocument is issued on a personal basis and the recipientto whom it is entrusted, in confidence, within the provisionsof the Official Secrets Act 1991-1989, is personallyresponsible for its safe custody and for seeing that itscontents are disclosed only to authorised persons.)

Authentication . This publication is issued under theoverall direction of the CGS. More precisely, DGD&D isthe sponsor and his staff have prepared the detailedcontents of the publication. Any comments or queriesconcerning this work should be addressed to DGD&D,LW1, Attention SO2 LW1.

Legal Status . This publication has no formal status inlegal terms. The contents provide a clear military guidebased on the most recent experience and best practiceavailable for commanders and troops to utilise in theiroperations and training. Where range safety and weapondrills are concerned the rulings and procedures describedare to be treated as mandatory requirements.Commanders are to exercise reasonable care anddiligence in adhering to safety procedures when inpotentially hazardous situations.

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 i

INTRODUCTION

1. This document is the February 1999 Issue of theTactical Aide Memoire (TAM) Part 3. It replaces Army UnitSOPs (Army Code 71363) which are currently at issue 6.1dated June 1998. These should now be destroyed underlocal arrangements.

STRUCTURE AND USE

3. TAM is now structured in three Parts:

Part 1 – Immediate Use .Part 2 – Reference Use .Part 3 – Unit Level .

4. Part 1 consists of the minimum essential informationand is designed to be carried on the person of all sectioncommanders and above. Part 2 contains more detailedinformation and although designed for personal use, willnormally be carried in the Bergen or vehicle. Part 2 isoptimised for use by junior officers up to and including sub-unit commanders.

5. TAM Part 3 – Unit Level replaces AUSOPs. Itsstructure and contents have been revised to provide anintegrated and consistent set of aide memoires for use atthe Tactical Level. The presentation and structure of Part3 are different from AUSOPs, but much of the content isessentially the same. While a degree of “personalisation”may be required, this Aide Memoire has utility at allcommand levels from sub unit to brigade. Sections 6 and10 are reserved for Special to Unit Information. Theseshould be used to “customise” TAM for a specific unit orrole. Further guidance is included in these sections.

REPORTS AND RETURNS

6. TAM now contains a single set of Reports andReturns for use at Battlegroup level and below. This isincluded in both TAM Part 1 and TAM Part 3. Unwantedformats may be transferred from Part 1 to Part 2 in order toreduce its bulk.

Issue 3.0: Jan 98 ii

FOR THE ATTENTION OF ALL SCALE HOLDERS

Units requiring amendments to their scales should apply inthe first instance to CSE 3b LLANGENNECH. Anyproposals for an increase in scale holdings for this sponsorcontrolled publication should be accompanied by a fulljustification. Further information regarding the issue ofpublications is contained in The Army Compendium ofOfficial Military Publications (Army Code 71608).

AMENDMENTS

AmendmentNumber Amended By Date Amended

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 iii

PART 3 - CONTENTS

Sect Subject PageIntroductionContents

iiii

1 Battle ProcedureStage 1 – Receipt of OrdersStage 2 – Establish the Time LineMatrix for PlanningStage 3 – The EstimateStage 4 – Development of the PlanStage 5 – Preparation of Orders

1-1

1-11-21-71-8

2201202203204205205206

OrdersAlternative Command ProceduresTactical GroupsWarning OrdersTactical BriefsOrdersCo-ordinating InstructionsFragmentary Orders

2-12-22-42-52-62-102-11

3 Planning YardsticksCombat Support:

AirArtilleryAir DefenceEngineer

Frontages/DepthsLogistics

Vehicle CasualtiesPersonnel CasualtiesFuel

MovementPrisoners of War

3-13-13-13-23-23-33-43-43-43-43-53-5

4

001002003004005006007

Operational ReportingOperational ReportingSchedule of Timings for R2Reports and Returns (Contents)AIRATTACKWARNAIRREQARRESTREPAVDEMBATRECEVACREQBOMBREPCASEVACREQ

4-14-24-3

4-R2-14-R2-24-R2-34-R2-44-R2-54-R2-64-R2-7

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 iv

008009010011012013014015016017018019020021022023024025026027028029030031032033034035036037038039040041042043044045046

COMBATREPCOMCAPREPCONTACTREP/SIGHTINGREPCRAFTACKCRAFTREQEMBUREPEODINCREPEWJAMREPFIRSTHOSTILE ACTFM.CFFHARHIDEREPHELACKHELLSREPHELQUESTINCREPINTREPLOCSTATLOGSITUNITMAPREQMATDEMMISDEMNBC 1 BIO/CHEMNBC 1 NUCNBC 3 BIO/CHEMNBC 3 NUCNBC 4OBSREPOWNSITREPPERSEPPTLREPRDROUTERECCEREPREPLENDEMCOYSQNREPLENDEMTPPLRFTDEM(PERS)SCATMINREPSCATMINWARNSITREPSTRIKEWARN(NUC)WCO

4-R2-84-R2-9

4-R2-104-R2-114-R2-124-R2-134-R2-144-R2-154-R2-164-R2-174-R2-184-R2-194-R2-204-R2-214-R2-224-R2-234-R2-244-R2-254-R2-264-R2-274-R2-284-R2-294-R2-304-R2-314-R2-324-R2-334-R2-344-R2-354-R2-364-R2-374-R2-384-R2-394-R2-404-R2-414-R2-424-R2-434-R2-444-R2-454-R2-46

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 v

5

501502503504505506

Aide MemoiresContentsConversion TablesEffects of Sleep LossEquipment DataLaw of Armed ConflictStates of CommandTactical Terminology

5-15-1-15-2-15-3-15-4-15-5-15-6-1

6 Special to Role Information7

701702703704705706707708709710711712713714715716717718719720721722723724725726727728729730731732733

Standing Operating ProceduresContentsAir OperationsAll Arms Air DefenceBattlefield DisciplineCasualty Evacuation (CASEVAC)Challenging and PasswordsCommunicationsContact and Co-ordinating PointsCounter SurveillanceDeceptionDemolitionsDocumentationEmergency AlarmsEmergency War BurialEquipment DenialExplosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD)Fire Support Co-ordination MeasuresHandover/Takeover of ObstaclesHarbours and HidesLiaisonMedia OperationsMine WarfareNBC DefenceOperational Security (OPSEC)PatrolsPrisoners of War (PW), CED and CEEProtection Measures/Alert StatesRefugeesRegroupingRelief in PlaceReplenishmentRoad MovementSecurity Incident ReportingStates of Readiness

7-17-1-17-2-17-3-17-4-17-5-17-6-17-7-17-8-17-9-1

7-10-17-11-17-12-17-13-17-14-17-15-17-16-17-17-17-18-17-19-17-20-17-21-17-22-17-23-17-24-17-25-17-26-17-27-17-28-17-29-17-30-17-31-17-32-17-33-1

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 vi

8 Notes 8-19 Reserved 9-1

10

1000100110021003100410051006100710081009101010111012101310141015

101610171018

Commander’s DiscretionIntroductory NoteContentsSiting, Layout and Defence of the HQStaff ResponsibilitiesDuties of WatchkeepersCommand Post RoutineProcedures for Moving HQOrganisation of EchelonsEquipment for Command PostsContents of the Battle BoxDaily RoutineStaff TablesMovement TablesDress and Equipment ScalesAmmunition ScalesVehicle Loading PlansBriefings and ConferencesSpecial to Unit/Arm/Equipment NBCSOPs

Pre-Attack MeasuresAttack MeasuresPost-Attack Measures

10-110-2

11 Reserved 11-112 Reserved 12-1

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 1 - 1

BATTLE PROCEDURE

AIM

1. The Aim of Battle Procedure is to ensure, byconcurrent activity, that the time available to prepare forbattle is used efficiently, so that troops are properlyprepared and briefed for battle.

TECHNIQUES

2. Battlegroup headquarters need to develop techniqueswhich can be practised so that battle procedure canbecome a drill. The drill can be short cut when time ispressing, but only if there is total familiarity andunderstanding of the doctrine and the estimate process.

STAGES OF BATTLE PROCEDURE

STAGE 1 - RECEIPT OF ORDERS

3. Receipt of Orders starts with a warning order and isfollowed by orders or an operations order.

STAGE 2- ESTABLISH THE TIME LINE MATRIX FORPLANNING

4. 1/3rd - 2/3rds Rule . The time available once ordershave been received should be apportioned in accordancewith the 1/3rd - 2/3rds Rule:

First 1/3 rd of the time available :� BGHQ conducts the decision making process.� BGHQ give orders. This should start as early as

possible through the issue of warning orders toinitiate battle procedure by sub-units.

Remaining 2/3 rds of the time available :� Time for sub-units to conduct the decision

making process.� Time for sub-unit orders and for these to be

cascaded down until all troops are briefed.� Time for the physical preparation for battle.

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5. The division of time should be recorded on theplanning time-line matrix which can then be developed toshow how the members of BG HQ will use that time mosteffectively.

6. Aids to the Decision-Making Process :

a. IPB� Step 1 - Battlefield Area Evaluation.� Step 2 - Threat Evaluation.� Step 3 - Threat Integration.� Step 4 - The Decision-Support Overlay.

b. Integration Matrix

c. Preparation . The planning area should beready for the decision making process with thefollowing:

� Planning Time-Line Matrix.� Planning Map with Ops Trace, Bde DSO.� BAE Overlay.� Threat Evaluation Overlay.� Blank Talc for draft DSO.� Blank Integration Matrix, Bde

Synchronisation Matrix.� Seating for CO, 2IC, Ops, IO, BC, BGE,

BGLO, Sp Coy Comd and (if appropriate)A Tk Pl Comd, Recce Pl Comd.

� Related publications and orders, e.g. ADPCommand, BG Tactics, SOHB, LCH andTAM Part 3.

STAGE 3 - THE ESTIMATE

7. Step 1 - Mission Analysis .

a. Opening remarks by the Comd.

b. BGE briefs BAE.

c. IO briefs Threat Evaluation, including enemylikely and most dangerous Course of Action (COA).

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d. Superior Comd’s Intent (Question 1).Direct extraction from Bde OpO:

� Div Intent.� Bde Mission and Concept of Ops.

e. Specified and Implied Tasks (Question 2).Drawn from:

� Mission to BG.� Bde Comd’s Scheme of Manoeuvre.� Coord Instructions from Bde OpO.� Comd and Signal from Bde OpO.� Bde DSO.� Advisers to draw tasks from their specialist

OpOs/Annexes to Main OpO

f. Freedom and Constraints (Question 3).Consider:

� Time and Space.� Resources.� ROE.� CSS Constraints.

g. Endstate . At the conclusion of the initial MissionAnalysis, the Comd should be in no doubt as to whateffect he has to achieve. The Comd must continue tokeep his mission under review throughout theestimate and the operation.

h. Review (Question 4). Consider:

“Has the situation changed and do I need to takeanother decision ?”

This will establish whether the plan is still valid,whether it needs amending or whether the SuperiorComd should be consulted. If he is not available,decisions must be made in accordance with theSuperior Comd’s Intent and support his Main Effort.

8. Step 2 – Comd’s Direction . On completion ofMission Analysis, the Comd must give direction to his staffto ensure that planning is taken forward for each COAwhich has been identified. One method of structuring thisdirection (which is recommended, but not mandatory) is touse the Functions in Combat:

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 1 - 4

a. Intelligence and Information .� Comd’s Critical Information Requirements:

� Record on draft DSO as NAIs.� Also record those outside BG area on

Intellignece Collection Worksheet.� Is there a need to deploy ISTAR in

preliminary operation to gain info?� Review Bde High Pay Off Target List.� Preparation of Threat Integration. Comd to

tell the IO on which enemy COAs toconcentrate (most likely and worst COA).

� Is IO required on recce?

b. Manoeuvre .� What effect is wanted against the enemy

and where (Intent?). Record where theeffect might be achieved as potential TAIson draft DSO.

� Comd gives an outline scheme ofmanoeuvre (deep, close and rear) for eachCOA to be developed by BG HQ.

c. Fire Power .� How to support Comd’s intent with Direct

Fire/OS/Avn? Record as Troops to Taskfor each TAI.

� High Pay Off Targets? What targets need tobe attacked to achieve Comd’s Intent?

� The BC must be briefed on the Comd’sCritical Offensive Support Tasks to supporteach COA. For each task, he should statethe Task, Purpose and Endstate.

d. Protection .� Counter mobility: the BGE must be briefed

on where obstacles are needed to shapethe enemy and the effect they are toachieve - Disrupt/Turn/Fix/Block.

� Mobility: refer to the BAE for obstacles tomovement.

� Give engineer priorities to the BGE.� OPSEC:

� Field defences, camouflage andconcealment

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� RSO to advise on EMCON measures.� Deception/Surprise.� NBC Defence Measures and guidance

on risk taking.� Air Defence� Counter Surveillance

e. Command .� Siting of HQs (Defensive EW).� Rebroadcast requirements?

f. CSS.� CSS Priorities by task� Critical timings for Med, PW, G4 Log� ES - repair/recovery� G5 HNS� Identify mission essential equipments.

9. Step 3 - Warning Order . Warning orders are criticalin ensuring that concurrent activity is achieved and shouldbe issued by the Ops Officer as soon as possible (Section2). Any information that can initiate concurrent activityshould be sent to the O Group as early as possible in theform of a verbal, written or graphical warning order. Neverdelay a warning order while waiting for more information.

10. Step 4 - R Group Recce . Comd’s Recce (whereappropriate). Brief R Group on the recce plan beforedeploying. Attendance:

CO, BC, BGE, Atk Pl Comd, Recce Pl Comd, IO.

11. Step 5 - Evaluation Of Factors and Developmentof Courses Of Action (COA) .

a. The evaluation of factors is conducted as part ofthe process of developing COA to achieve the effectas established by Mission Analysis.

b. The BGHQ Staff should carry this out as a team,within the direction given by the Comd after hisMission Analysis.

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c. The IPB Process should be the focus for thisprocess as shown below:� Enemy COA deduced from the Situation and

Event Overlays of IPB.� Consider own COA to achieve the desired effect

against the enemy. Establish potential TAIs toshape, turn, fix or strike the enemy. RecordTAIs on the draft DSO. Check each COAagainst the Functions in Combat and consider iffurther NAIs are necessary to find the enemyand determine where decision points (DPs) areneeded, based on own and enemy Time andSpace.

� Consider possible COA to deceive or surprisethe enemy.

� Deception action may merit a TAI (andappropriate resources).

� Consider OPSEC for surprise and security.� Consider COA for contingencies, i.e. to block or

counter attack. Record as TAIs. To preventbeing surprised, further NAIs may be necessary,e.g. to cover a possible enemy approach.Contingencies become options for the reserve(and may be further developed duringwargaming).

� For each TAI, resources must be allocated toachieve the desired effect (record on integrationmatrix) - consider relative strengths.

� Conduct CSS estimate for each COA. Assessdemand (e.g. ammo expenditure, casualtyestimates), distance (where to put CSSresources so that they can best support theoperation) and duration .

� Complete a summary of tasks for each COA.� Ideally, each COA should be wargamed if time

permits; the chosen COA must be wargamed.

12. Step 6 - Comd’s Decision .

a. Review of the Estimate - when CO returns fromhis recce, 2IC briefs on Enemy and own COA fromEvent Overlay and draft DSO.

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b. Comd Refines COA as a result of his recce andadvice from the BC and BGE, checking each againstthe Functions in Combat.

c. Comd Makes His Decision , frames his Intent,Scheme of Manoeuvre and ME.

STAGE 4 - DEVELOPMENT OF THE PLAN

13. Wargaming . Test the chosen COA against enemyCOA, in order to ensure that it is properly integrated andsynchronised to achieve the optimum effect against theenemy. The “Belt Method” is recommended:

a. STEP 1. Split the battle into “Belts”, eg Fordefensive ops, the Guard Force Action, MainDefensive Battle, and enemy worst COA, or foroffensive ops, the prelim op to gain info and to moveto the FUP, the assault by sectors (TAIs within theObjective Area), reserve options, re-organisation.

b. STEP 2.(1) For Defensive Ops - IO gives the enemy“ACTION” in each “BELT”. 2IC/Ops Offr givesown “REACTION” to enemy action. IO gives en“C REACTION”. Deductions are drawn, theplan/DSO adjusted as necessary andsynchronisation matrix is completed. Reviewagainst Functions in Combat.(2) For Offensive Ops - 2IC/Ops Offr givesown “ACTION” in each “BELT”. IO gives enemy“REACTION”. 2IC/Ops Offr gives own“COUNTER REACTION”. Deductions aredrawn, the plan/DSO adjusted as necessary andsynchronisation matrix is completed. Reviewagainst Functions in Combat.

14. Develop Supporting Staff Work . The following staffwork is required to support the plan:

� DSO and DSO Matrix� BG Integration Matrix

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 1 - 8

� STAP Overlay . The DSO drives the STAP. AllNAIs and DPs need to be covered by the STAP.

� Anti-Armour Trace . This should include areas,within TAIs, covered by Armour, MILAN andLAW.

� Fire Plan .� Intelligence Collection Plan . This is driven by

the DSO. NAIs and DPs outside the BG areawill be covered by Bde/Div ISTAR assets.

� Movement Order . This is normally done by theAdjt, who will need to establish priorities forarrival from the Comd/2IC.

� Task Org . This can be graphical (see SOHBPart 6).

STAGE 5 – PREPARATION OF ORDERS

15. The detailed content and structure of orders is inSection 2. The following battle procedure should beadopted when preparing orders:

a. Preliminaries . BGHQ staff prepare the site fororders, the schematic, obtain met information, displaythe Task Org (unless it is to be given out verbally atthe beginning of orders) and prepare Start States forvehicles, personnel and ammunition.

b. BGE Prepares the Ground and OrientationBrief . Confirm Schematic and Ops trace/DSO with2IC/Ops Offr. A suggested format for the brief is:

� Explain the Div Area of Operations inoutline highlighting the main features(rivers, high and low ground, towns, roads).

� Explain the schematic.� Explain the Ops Trace and DSO.� Highlight flanking formations/units.� Home in on BG area covering BG and sub

unit boundaries TAIs and the ground indetail (including key points from the BAE).

b. Ops Offr produces Task Org . Graphical or ina clear tabular format.

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 1 - 9

c. IO produces En Forces paragraph . Extractdirect from Bde OpO. Brief enemy likely and worstcase COA (explaining NAIs) as it affects the BG,including information requirements. Brief whatelements of the enemy are expected when.

d. Ops Offr produces Friendly Forcesparagraph . Extract verbatim from Bde OpO: DivComd’s Intent, Bde Msn, Concept of Ops and ME,Bde CSS Concept and ME.

e. Comd writes Mission . (Only change if clearedwith Superior Comd).

f. Comd writes Execution Concept of Ops :

(1) Intent - state unit concerned and intent(what overall effect comd intends to achieve –normally focused on the enemy. Finish with theEndstate .(2) Scheme of Manoeuvre - Explain what,where, when and how the command will achieveits purpose in relation to the enemy, in order thatsubordinates understand what role they have toplay in the operation and what effect they are toachieve. Key timings can be included. Whereappropriate the scheme of manoeuvre can beexpressed in terms of Deep, Close and RearOps).(3) Main Effort – the activity critical to successof the plan, qualified by those carrying out thatactivity.(4) Attachments and Detachments to the subunits can be given at this stage if a graphicalTask Org is not produced.

h. BC writes OS Concept . Given by the BC as:� Scheme/Purpose . The logical sequence

for the application of firepower in detail insupport of the comd’s intent and scheme ofmanoeuvre. (This is the fireplan). UseCritical Offensive Support Tasks as a basis.

� Priority . Who has priority of fire and when.

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� Allocation . The allocation of fire supportresources.

� Restrictions . Fire Support ControlMeasures and other restrictions on the useof OS fire.

g. BGE writes Engr Concept . Given as Intent,Scheme of Manoeuvre and ME for both mobility andcounter mobility support.

h. Anti-tank Concept . If MILAN are concentratedto have an effect critical to Comd’s Intent, it may beappropriate for Fire Sp Comd or ATk Offr to give aconcept here.

i. Comd drafts Mission Statements . Tasksmust support the unifying purpose. If a task does notsupport the unifying purpose then either it should be acoord instruction or given to someone else. Theunifying purpose is the overall effect the sub unit is toachieve. The sum of the unifying purposes shouldadd up to the Endstate as shown in the Intent.

j. Comd states who the reserve is and allocatesit planning priorities . When the reserve isdeployed it should be given its mission and anotherreserve created.

k. 2IC and Ops Offr draft Coord Instructions .Refer to the Synchronisation Matrix. DSO will driveSTAP. Confirm NBC Defence Measures including theComd’s risk taking policy.

l. BG LO drafts CSS paragraph . Intent,Endstate, ME, requests for assistance fromsqns/coys, key grids, and CSS priorities.

m. 2IC/Ops/RSO prepare Command and Signalparagraph . RSO give Comms Concept, locations,EMCON, codewords/nicknames, card 12, liaison,alternative commander.

n. Backbriefs . Sub unit concepts to Comd.

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 2 - 1

ORDERS

ALTERNATIVE COMMAND PROCEDURES

1. Units are to designate an alternative commander,normally the 2IC, who is to assume command if the CObecomes a casualty. If he in turn becomes a casualty, thedesignated sub unit commander is to assume command.

2. Units are to designate their 'Step Up' HQ, or a subunit HQ as their alternate HQ.

3. Circumstances under which alternative command isto be assumed:

a. If the CO is a casualty, or takes over as theBde/TAOR Commander the 2IC assumescommand and other staff are reorganised asnecessary.

b. If the unit HQ is destroyed but the CO surviveshe is to move to the alternate HQ and continuein command. Staff are to be reorganised asavailable.

c. If both the CO and 2IC are casualties the seniorofficer present at HQ is to assume temporarycommand until it can be transferred to thedesignated sub unit commander. Thedesignated sub unit commander is to decidewhether to command from unit HQ or his own.

d. In the event of communications being lost formore than 20 mins, involving the unit HQ and/orthe CO, the 2IC and/or the alternate HQ is toassume command until communications are re-established. A recce party is to be sent to thelast known location of Main HQ.

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TACTICAL GROUPS

4. Attendance on all the tactical groups shown belowshould be restricted to those who really need to be there.Frequently it will be neither desirable nor possible toinclude all those shown in these examples. Select fromthe following as required/available:

a. R Group .

Unit Sub unitCODS Bty ComdOps Offr/IOAtk Pl Comd/GW Tp ComdEngr RepProtection PartyRadio Operators

OCFOOEngr RepProtection PartyRadio Operator

b. O Group . Additional to R Group:

Unit Sub unit2ICSub Unit ComdsAdjtRSOLOMor Pl ComdRecce Tp/Pl ComdOC MCT/S SectAsslt Pnr WOAD Det ComdA1 Ech ComdMOEMERSMQMQM(T)Attached arm/service reps

2ICTp/Pl ComdsSigs NCOCSMCQMSMFCOther support arms/supportdetachment commanders

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c. Rear Recce Parties .

Unit Sub unit2ICArmd/Inf LOMor Pl 2IC2IC A/Tk PlRep per mor lineRSOSub Unit partiesRP SectRadio Ops

2ICSSMPl SgtsTp/Pl GuidesSp Wpns repsRunnerRadio Operator

d. Harbour Parties .

Unit Sub unit2ICRSORSMRP SgtSupporting Arms repsRadio OperatorProtection Party

2IC/CSMGuidesRadio OperatorProtection Party

A1 EchelonMTWOMT SgtOne guide per sub unitpacket

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 2 - 4

WARNING ORDERS

(Use BATCO CARD 002 OPS or the relevant SOC).

5. Should include:

a. Situation, including the commander’s intent.

b. Actual or probable mission/tasks.

c. Earliest move times or degree of notice.

d. RV and time for Orders.

e. Tasking for Close Recce and other ISTARassets to meet the information requirementdeveloped from the STAP.

6. May include:

a. Orders for preliminary operations, recce,regrouping or moves.

b. Assembly areas.

c. Movement of Advance and Harbour parties.

d. Limitations on recce, movement and use oftransport, including helicopters.

e. Limitations on opening fire.

f. Essential CSS or C2 arrangements (e.g.movement of Echelon or HQs).

7. Never delay a Warning Order to make it morecomprehensive. If necessary, send an initial warning orderand then follow up with other information as it becomesavailable.

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 2 - 5

TACTICAL BRIEFS

8. The following is a suggested format for tacticalbriefing. Ideally this should be with respect to the ground,but maps, models and/or schematics may also be used:

1. Orientation . Point out:

a. Present location.

b. Formation/Unit layout, including boundariesand flank formations.

c. Selected points on the ground – particularlywhere relevant to operation.

2. Enemy . Left to right (from own point of view):

a. Situation.

b. Identifications/axis/positions/intentions.

3. Own Forces . Left to right, front to rear:

a. General situation.

b. Mission and/or tasks.

c. Detailed situation.

d. Main effort.

4. Flank Formations .

5. Future Intentions . How you see the operationgoing. Conclude by describing any problems whichmay affect the success of mission/tasks.

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ORDERS

9. Preliminaries . The following preliminaries areusually completed before orders:

a. Task Organisation . Include time effective forchanges and states of command (where applicable).May be included as a separate annex in writtenorders.

b. Ground/Orientation Brief . Important features/reference points affecting the operation.

c. Weather .

d. Combat State .

10. The basic format of orders (including paragraphnumbers) is mandatory. This is summarised below:

1. SITUATION

a. Enemy Forces .� Extract from Bde OpO and brief from

the IPB.� NAIs, TAIs, MCs.� Formations/strengths/locations/

morale.� Initial and Subsequent Objectives.� Likely/worst case COA (relate to

NAIs and information requirements).� Time lines - what elements are

expected where and when.� Air.

b. Friendly Forces .� Extract from Bde OpO.� Div Comd’s Intent.� Bde Mission, Concept of Operations

and Main Effort. Include a briefoutline of the OS Concept.

� Bde CSS concept and Main Effort.

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 2 - 7

c. Attachments and Detachments . Althoughnot strictly necessary, it is often helpful to reviewAtts and Dets at this stage as graphical taskorganisations are often poorly understood.

2. MISSION. Given by the commander – normallytaken verbatim from the next superior commander’sorders (and only changed with his agreement).

3. EXECUTION

a. Concept of Operations . Overall summaryof the plan in sufficient detail to allow sub unitcommanders to understand the CO's concept ofthe battle and their part in it. This may bedescribed as a single item, or broken down asfollows:

(1)´´´Commander’s Intent – what thecommander is trying to achieve and why.

(2) Scheme of Manoeuvre – a descriptionof how the commander sees the battledeveloping. What individual sub units willdo and any regrouping that will take place.(Note that the use of “Scheme ofManoeuvre” is not mandatory at unit leveland below).

(3) Main Effort – usually an activity(ideally against the enemy) to which agrouping is applied, but may be given as agrouping qualified by time and space. It i smandatory for all subordinat ecommanders to support this main effort .

(4) Offensive Support Concept . Givenin the following sequence:

� Scheme . The application of firepowerin logical sequence with respect to thecomd’s intent scheme of manoeuvre(where used).

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� Purpose . Where firepower willinfluence the battle and what it is toaccomplish.

� Priority . Who has priority for fireand when.

� Allocation . Allocation of fire supportresources (including observers).

� Restrictions . Any fire support co-ordination measures (FSCM) orother restrictions on the use of fire.

(5) Engineer Concept . How theengineer plan supports the concept.

(6) Anti-Tank Platoon Concept . Onlywhere appropriate, e.g. where assets areconcentrated and will play a key role inthe plan.

b. Individual sub unit missions . Expressedfor each sub unit as a task, or as a series oftasks with a single unifying purpose.

c. Reserve Tasks . A reserve must benominated, but may not be given a mission. Itshould be given appropriate options to recceand rehearse, usually in the form “be preparedto …”.

d. Combat Support Elements . Whengrouped with sub-units, they assume themission of their sub unit group. The use of OS,Engr and Atk concepts largely avoids the needfor Combat Support Missions, but prioritiesmay still need to be stated.

e. Co-ordinating Instructions . Sampleheadings are shown below. Include essentialco-ordinating information as required. Mayinclude additional tasks (not critical to thesuccess of the mission).

f. Summary of Execution . (If required.)

205

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 2 - 9

4. SERVICE SUPPORT. Changes from SOP only.

a. Locations . A2 Echelon, A1 Echelon, RAP.

b. Combat Supplies . Tpt, Med, Maint/Rec,PW, defence stores, stocks etc.

5. COMMAND AND SIGNAL .

a. Locations of HQs (including futurelocations).

b. Alternate Comd/HQ (see above).

c. Liaison. LOs, Coord/Contact Pts.

d. CEIs.

e. STAP/EMCON/Counter Surveillance.

f. Code Words/Nicknames/Nicknumbers.

g. Password.

h. Timecheck. (BC).

6. Any Questions?

205

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 2 - 10

COORDINATING INSTRUCTIONS(SAMPLE HEADINGS)

AD (AAAD, WCS, arcs, warnings)AirAMAs, ARAsAssembly areasAxesBoundariesBoundsBypassing PolicyConcentration areasConfirmatory ordersContact/Co-ordination PointsContamination controlDeceptionDefence StoresDemolition planDenial PolicyFSCL (DFWL, RFL, NFL)FUPGuides, Recce and Harbour Parties.Limit of ExploitationLine of Departure (LD)Media Ops.MovementNBC Defence (States/Dress/Patrols/Alarms)Night OperationsNotice to moveObjectivesObstacle planOrders for Opening FirePatrolsPriority of engagementPriority of workPrisoners of War (PW)Rates of AdvanceRecce (restrictions, complete by etc.)RefugeesReorganisationReport LinesRoutesRules of EngagementSTAPTimings (H hr, L hr, M hr etc)Traffic Control

206

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 2 - 11

FRAGMENTARY ORDERS

11. An alternative to full orders, Fragmentary Orders(FRAG Os) are typically used in fast moving situations.These orders can be split between Preliminary andConfirmatory Orders if necessary. Issue confirmatorynotes to Verbal Orders wherever possible.

12. Use the following five standard headings in sequence,but only include essential information and changes (typicalexample text is included in italics):

FRAG O

1. Situation . Enemy Tank Bn moving to attack 1Blanks from GR 123456.

2. Mission . Destroy.

3. Execution .

a. Recce Tp . Establish 2 OPs facing N atpositions X and Y.

b. A Sqn . Prepare to move to position A.Come to 5 mins NTM from 1400 hrs.

c. Timings . H hour not before 1430 hrs.

4. Service Support . No change.

5. Command and Signal . No change.

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 3 - 1

PLANNING YARDSTICKS

COMBAT SUPPORT

1. Air

a. Readiness . Pre-planned missions, NTMsystem used, starting at 60 mins then decreasing to10 mins as TOT approaches. For immediatemissions:

� Aircraft from ROZ 10 mins� Harrier from FOB 30 mins� Aircraft from MOB 90 mins� TAR cycle 2-4 hrs

b. Weapons Coverage . Harrier with 7 x CBU willcover approx 350 x 70 yds (3½ football pitches).

c. Formation Size . Minimum 2 aircraft (“twoship”). Multiples of two aircraft depending on target:

� Tank Battalion 2 waves, each 6 or 8 ship� Tank Regiment 3 waves, each 6 or 8 ship

2. Artillery

a. Neutralise :Tgt Area Tgt 155 mm MLRS

SSV 3B 3.0L600 x 600 m

LAV 9B 14.0LSSV 4B 5.5L

800 x 800 mLAV 8B 24L

SSV = soft skinned vehicle, LAV = light armoured vehicleB=Battery, L=MLRS Launcher

b. Rates of Fire :� 155 mm will fire bursts of 3 rds in first 15

secs and 6 rds in first minute.� AS90 can maintain 6 rds per minute for 3

minutes, then dropping to a sustained rateof 2 rds per minute.

� 105 mm arty can fire a maximum of 6 rdsper min, dropping to a sustained rate of 3rds per min.

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 3 - 2

3. Air Defence

a. Rapier Battery . 15 x 10 km protection, actualcoverage may be much greater. Can be used forroute (30 km per bty) and point defence (2-3 perbattery), but this is a poor use of assets under normalcircumstances.

b. HVM Battery .� VP (e.g. bridge 6 launchers� 6 km route 6 launchers

(9 km with slow target)� Mobile defence 12 launchers (troop)

(battlegroup)� Mobile defence 36 launchers (battery)

(brigade)

4. Engineer

a. Giant Viper . Preparation 3-5 hrs, 10-15minutes firing preparations, 1-2 hrs to improve.

b. Hand Breach . Engineer Field Section per 120m breach, takes 2-3 hrs per breach. Normally amaximum of three concurrent breaches per brigade.

c. Assault River Crossing .� 23 m gap, AVLB No 8, 15-30 mins� 12 m gap, AVLB No 9, 15-30 mins� 25 m or up to 45 m gap, combination

bridge, 30-60 mins.� 4 concurrent AVLB or 2 combination

crossings per brigade.

d. MGB.� 15 m gap, C130, 45 mins-1 hr� 30 m gap, C170, 2-3 hrs� 1 or possibly 2 concurrent per brigade

e. Medium Minefield (barmine layer x2)2 km in 5-6 hrs.

f. Anti-Tank Ditch .4.5 km long, 6 x CET, 24 hrs

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 3 - 3

FRONTAGES/DEPTHS (KM)

DefenceSize

Width DepthOffence

(1)Delay

ForwardAssemblyArea (2)

AssemblyArea (3)

BAA

Bde (2,2) 15 (30) 25 (50) 7 (15) 30 (60) 6 x 5 10 x 15 10 x 10Armd BG(3,1)

1.75 (3.5) 2 (4) 3 (6) 20 (40) 2 x 2.5 3 x 3 -

Armd Sqn 1.5-2 (Cpen) 1.5 5 1 x 1 1 x 2 -Armd Inf BG(1,2)

4 (8) 5 (10) 2 (4) 15 (30) 2 x 2.5 3 x 3 -

Armd Inf Coy 1.75 2 0.6 5 1 x 1 1 x 2 -

Notes:(1) Based on 2 up, flat ground etc.(2) Including A1 echelons.(3) Including A1 and A2 echelons.(4) Where dimensions are shown in brackets, first figure is current working norm, second is planning maximum in all likelycircumstances.

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 3 - 4

LOGISTICS

5. Vehicle Casualties .

Out of Contact (Km) In Contact50 100 200 Attack Def Delay

CR 4.5% 9% 18% 20% 9% 7%WR 2.5% 5% 10% 15% 7% 5%430 1.5% 3% 6% 15% 7% 5%

6. Personnel Casualties .

a. Estimate :

Offe

nce

Offe

nce

Def

ence

Def

ence

Del

ayForce Ratio 3:1 6:1 1:3 1:6 1:6

Total Casualties(number/BG of 600)

23%(140)

7%(40)

5%(30)

10%(60)

7%(40)

Wounded(number/BG of 600)

15%(90)

5%(30)

3%(20)

7%(40)

5%(30)

Note: General rule of thumb when engaged on highintensity operations – 10% of force every 24 hrs.

b. DS Capacity . 60 per hr/100 per hr (for 6 hrsonly) to a maximum of 600 per day.

7. Fuel .Fuel

Tanks1st Line 2nd Line

Armd Regt 3.5 1Armd Inf Bn 5 0.9

2 for wholebrigade

Note. All figures in FCU (100 kms of driving). FCU isbased on non-tactical move on roads. Apply followingfactors:

� Combat – attack 0.4, delay 0.5, defence 0.7� Terrain – 0.7 (mountainous/cross country)

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 3 - 5

MOVEMENT

8. Routes :

GroupNo of

RoutesColumn

length (km) Pass Time

Coy/SqnBGBde (+BSG)

One2.520100

10 mins60 mins6.2 hrs

Coy/SqnBGBde (+BSG)

Two1.251050

5 mins30 mins3.3 hrs

Coy/SqnBGBde (+BSG)

Three0.89.9

33.3

3 mins3 mins2.1 hrs

(100 m between vehicles, good roads, mixed fleet, 20 kihby day).

9. Rates (kih):

Ter

rain

(Goi

ng)

Out

of

Con

tact

(Arm

d)

Adv

ance

vD

ealy

For

ce

Adv

ance

vD

ef F

orce

Atta

ck(m

ount

ed)

Atta

ck(d

ism

ount

ed)

Easy 14 (7) 2.3 0.5 0.6 1.1Moderate 10 (5) 1.2 0.4 0.4 0.75Heavy 6 (3) 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.4Note: Figures in brackets for night.

PRISONERS OF WAR

Numbers 500 PW 250 PW 100 PwCage One Coy Two Pls One PlEscorts Two Pls One Pl One SectTransport 17 x 4T

7 x SH9 x 4T3 x SH

4 x 4T2 x SH

Note: SH = Chinook

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - 1

OPERATIONAL REPORTING

1. This Section contains Reports and Returns (R2) foruse at Battlegroup level and below. An identical set of R2is also contained in TAM Part 1 (Section 4 – note thatunwanted formats may be transferred from Part 1 to Part2). A complete Compendium of Land Component R2 iscontained in the Land Component Handbook (LCH), Part2. Although principally designed for use with voice, R2 arelaid out in a common format on which data messages maybe based.

2. Important Warning . In some cases, these R2 aresimplified versions of the LCH formats. The latter shouldalways be used between battlegroup/unit HQ andformations. With the exception of the SITREP,REPLENDEMCOYSQN and REPLENDEMTPPL whichare only used at unit level and below, TAM R2 can beinterpreted with reference to the LCH only.

3. BATCO . Detailed rules and procedures for sendingR2 over insecure communications are contained in theLand Tactical Communications Handbook. (This willreplace Signals Communication in the Army Volume IV,Pamphlet 2 (Army Code 70816) in early 99).

4. Critical Info . It is essential that critical info isreported to the next higher HQ as soon as possible:

EnemyFirst sighting/contact air recce/FGA/ground forces/airborne/airmobile forces.Critical information: location/direction/height and numbers.First confirmed identification of enemy, and subsequentidentification of new troops/units/formations.Start of enemy fire plans, signs of impending attack.Suspected war crimes or illegal acts.Significant intelligence information or prisoners.LogisticsCritical losses of equipment or resources.Reduced stocks of critical natures –

Report at 75%, 50% and 25% levels.

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - 2

Own ForcesInitial deployment states.Reserve demolitions:

Change in state, own forces all on home bank,capture imminent, when blown.

Delays to critical movement.Significant casualties or critical losses of personnel.Security breaches and incidents.Serious disciplinary offences or crimes.Movement and RoutesContaminated areas.Mined areas.Major obstructions or delays on routes

(report also when cleared).Delays and gaps in obstacle plans.Unreported bad going and obstacles.NBCEnemy first use of NBC weapons:

This is critical information and must be reported bythe fastest possible means (FLASH) and followed upwith confirmation and full details ASP.

Contaminated areas.Toxic industrial hazards or sites.

5. Schedule of Timings for Routine R2 :

To BG/Unit HQReport

As at byRemarks

OWNSITREPCOMBATREP

0300090014002000

0330093014302030

Additionally asrequired

PERSREP 1900 2000LOGSITUNIT 0700

190008002000

With REPLENDEM ifrequired

6. These timings are ZULU, but may be changed to suitlocal requirements. A complete schedule of required R2should be included in both formation and unit SOIs.

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - 3

REPORTS AND RETURNS

Number Report Title LCH No

001 Air Attack Warning AIRATTACKWARN 18002 Air Request AIRREQ 22003 Arrest Report ARRESTREP 24004 Armoured Vehicle Demand AVDEM 26005 Battlefield Recovery/Evacuation Request BATRECEVACREQ 29006 BOMBREP/SHELREP/ROCKREP/MORTREP BOMBREP 30007 Casualty Evacuation Report CASEVACREQ 34008 Combat Report COMBATREP 43009 Common Capture report COMCAPREP 44010 Contact/Sighting Report CONTACTREP/SIGHTINGREP 48011 Landing Craft Acknowledgement CRAFTACK 49012 Landing Craft Request CRAFTREQ 50013 Emergency Burial report EMBUREP 58014 EOD Incident Report EODINCREP 66015 EW Jamming Report EWJAMREP 71

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - 4

016 First Hostile Act FIRSTHOSTILE ACT 78017 Fire Mission/Call For Fire FM.CFF 79018 Harbour/Hide Report HARHIDEREP 88019 Helicopter Request Acknowledgement HELACK 89020 Helicopter Landing Site Report HELLSREP 90021 Helicopter Request HELQUEST 92022 Incident Report INCREP 98023 Intelligence Report INTREP 100024 Location Report LOCSTAT 110025 Logistic Situation Report Unit LOGSITUNIT 116026 Map Request MAPREQ 121027 Materiel Demand MATDEM 122028 Missile Demand MISDEM 130029 NBC 1 BIO/CHEM(Observer’s Initial Report) NBC 1 BIO/CHEM 135030 NBC 1 NUC (Observer’s Initial Report) NBC 1 NUC 135031 NBC 3 (Immediate Contamination Warning) NBC 3 BIO/CHEM 137032 NBC 3 (Immediate Contamination Warning) NBC 3 NUC 137033 NBC 4 (Monitoring and Survey Results) NBC 4 138034 Obstacle Report OBSREP 147

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - 5

035 Own Land Forces Situation Report OWNSITREP 153036 Personnel Report PERSEP 154037 Patrol Report PTLREP 160038 Road/Route Reconnaissance Report RDROUTERECCEREP 168039 Replenishment Demand Coy/Sqn REPLENDEMCOYSQN N/A040 Replenishment Demand Tp/Pl REPLENDEMTPPL N/A041 Reinforcement Demand (Personnel) RFTDEM(PERS) 172042 Scatterable Minefield Report SCATMINREP 182043 Scatterable Minefield Warning SCATMINWARN 184044 Situation report SITREP N/A045 Friendly Nuclear Strike Warning STRIKEWARN(NUC) 189046 Weapon Control Order WCO 196

001

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 1

AIR ATTACK WARNING

To:

From:

Title: AIRATTACKWARN

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:001

B 30 Effective DTG of warning 12 char

C1C2C3C4C5C6

414447586369

Early warning :Grid Reference of sighting (GR)Early warning bearing in milsNumber of aircraftAircraft type (1)Altitude (feet) or estimated (2)Aircraft speed (km/hr) orFAST/SLOW

10 char4 fig3 fig

3 char5 fig/2 char4 fig/4 char

Purpose To warn of imminent air attacks.Sponsor PJHQAPP-9 LCH DET Revised

5.4 18 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

1) Select from: (Do not encode )

Fixed Wing : Helicopter :

A Ground attack LOH Light ObservationB Bomber AAH Attack HelicopterC Cargo/Transport MTH Medium LiftFW Unknown (General) HTH Heavy lift

(2) Select from: (Do not encode )

VH Very high (more than 10,000 feet)H High (3,000 – 10,000 feet)M Medium (1000 – 3,000 feet)L Low (300 – 1000 feet)VL Very low (below 300 feet)

002

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 2

AIR REQUEST

To:

From:

Title: AIRREQ

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:002

A 03 AIR REQUEST 10 charB 05 Air Request Number 10 charC 10 Task Details 200 charD 20

22Time on target - specific time orASP and NLT

12 char12 char

E 30 Friendly forces location – whereinvolved with or in close proximity(<1000m) to the target (1)If no friendly forces within 1000m,NIL is to be specified.

30 char

F 40

41424344

45

Control Arrangements - from, asapplicable: Radar Control TACP/ASOC (2) TACP/ALO (2) TACP/FAC (2)(Callsign and frequency) Contact point/orbit point/ initialpoint, marker(s).

100 char

G 50 In-Flight Report(Callsign and frequency)

20 char

H 80 Armament requested(where appropriate)

(10 Chars)

I 90 Any other information (200 Chars)

Purpose To request tactical air support.Sponsor PJHQAPP-9 LCH DET Revised

5.8 22 No 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Preferably given in relation to an easily seentopographical feature. Failing this, given in relation to thetarget by bearing and distance or a grid reference.2. TACP = Tactical Air Control Point; ASOC = AirSupport Operations Centre; ALO = Air Liaison Officer;FAC = Forward Air Controller.

003

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 3

ARREST REPORT

To:

From:

Title: ARRESTREP

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:003

A 03 ARRESTREP Serial Number 5 charC

2528303235374142

Details of arrest : Name Age Sex ID card number Address Reason for arrest DTG of arrest Place of arrest (GR/place name)

20 char2 fig1 fig

20 char100 char100 char12 char20 char

D45484952

Arresting person : Service Number Rank Name Sub-unit

10 char3 char

20 char20 char

E55576366

Witness details : (1) Service/ID Number Rank/Title Name Unit/Address details

10 char3 char

20 char100 char

F7375

General comments : (2) Further action taken Points of interest

300 char300 char

Purpose To report the details of an arrest ordetention by military forces.

Sponsor LW1APP-9 LCH DET Revised

1.2 24 No 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Repeat as necessary.2. Optional.

004

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 4

ARMOURED VEHICLE DEMAND

To:

From:

Title: AVDEM

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:004

A 09 Unit Request Serial Number 10 char

B 68 Type of Vehicle (1) 50 char

C 91 Quantity 4 fig

D 93 RV (grid reference) 15 char

E 95 Any additional information 100 char

Purpose To request replacement ArmouredVehicles.

Sponsor LW2APP-9 LCH DET Revised6.1.1 26 No 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Repeat B and C for different types of vehicle.

005

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 5

BATTLEFIELD RECOVERY/EVACUATION REQUEST

To:

From:

Title: BATRECEVACREQ

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:005

D2 34 Location (GR) 10 charE1E2E3E4E5E6E7E8

3638404245475153

Request Serial NumberVehicle makeVehicle typeRegistration (VRN)Driving/Towing State (1)Support required (2)Crew available (Y/N)Condition Code (allocated by REME) (3)

8 char10 char10 char

8 char1 char4 char1 char2 char

F 56 Destination Unit/POC 40 charG2 62 Destination Location (GR) 10 charN2 14 Location of RV (GR) 10 charO 18 RV time (DTG) 12 charZ 99 Additional Information 200 char

Purpose To request recovery assistance for one ormore vehicles at a single location.

Sponsor ES11cAPP-9 LCH DET Revised6.4.1 29 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:1. Select from:

01 D (Driveable)02 T (Suspended tow)03 P (Straight pull)04 N (Not towable)

2. Select from:01 RECV (Recover only)02 EVAC (Evacuation only)03 BOTH (Both)

3. Select from:01 X (Unit/Organisation)02 Y (Field/Direct Support)03 Z (Base/Depot)04 BR (Beyond repair)

006

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 6

BOMBREP/SHELREP/ROCKREP/MORTREP

To:

From:

Title: BOMBREP

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:006

B 12 Bombardment type (1) 6 charC 13 Observer’s location (GR) 10 charE1E2E3

222427

Observer/HB bearing (mils)Observer/HB range (m)Flash/bang time (s)

4 fig5 fig2 fig

F 30 Hostile Battery (HB) location (GR) 10 char

H1H2

4345

Bombardment durationFROM (DTG)TO (DTG)

12 char12 char

I 46 Bombarded area (GR) 10 charQ 69 Type of fire (2) 4 charZ 78 Damage to target area (3) 4 char

Purpose To report hostile bomb, shell, rocket andmortar attacks.

Sponsor HQ DRAAPP-9 LCH DET Revised4.6.3 30 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

(1) Select from:01 ARTY (Artillery)02 MOR (Mortar)03 RKT (Rocket/Missile)04 ACFT (Aircraft)05 HEL (Helicopter)

(2) Select from:01 LT (Light/Sporadic/Harassing)02 HY (Heavy)03 ADJ (Adjustment)04 FFE (Fire for Effect)

(3) Select from:01 LT (Light)02 MED (Medium)03 HY (Heavy)04 DEST (Destroyed)

007

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 7

CASUALTY EVACUATION REQUEST

To:

From:

Title: CASEVACREQ

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:007

B 08 Unit location (GR) 10 char

C 12 Pick up point (PUP) 10 char

D 15 Destination 10 char

E1E2E3E4E5

2122232425

Casualty details (1) Numbers Condition Special needs Time (DTG) Priority

3 fig10 char20 char12 char

1 fig

F 33 Tactical details (i.e. tacticalsituation, direction of approach,inability to hold casualties, etc)

300 char

G1G2G3

G4

414345

55

Communications detailsCallsign and frequency at PUPGround signals at PUPCallsign and frequency atdestinationGround signals at destination

(10 Chars)(20 Chars)(10 Chars)

(20 Chars)

Purpose To request casualty evacuation.Sponsor D Med Ops/PlansAPP-9 LCH DET Revised

1.3 34 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Repeat as necessary (EA, EB, EC etc).

008

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 8

COMBAT REPORT

To:

From:

Title: COMBATREP

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:008

A 11 Unit/sub-unit status 2 figB 21 Effective main battle tanks (MBT) 3 figC 23 Effective tank pls/tps 2 figD 25 Mechanised (tracked) pls/tps 2 figE 27 Mechanised (wheeled) pls/tps 2 figF 28 Number of infantry pls 2 figG 31 Effective recce vehs (Type/Qty)(2) 12, 3 figH 42 Number of ATGW posts 2 figI 45 Number of ATGW missiles 3 figJ 46 Number of mortars (tubes) 2 figK 51 Helicopters (Type/Qty) (2) 12, 3 figM 62 Number of AD guided weapons 2 figN 65 Arty weapons (Type/Qty) (2) 12, 2 figO 70 Light, unguided anti-tank wpns 2 figP 83 Quick/Mobile Reaction Force

pls/tps2 fig

Q 85 Number of Key Points (KPs) 2 figR 90 Reserves by callsign and notice

to move (NTM) in minutes50 char

S 99 Additional Information 100 char

Purpose To report unit/sub-unit status.

Sponsor LW1APP-9 LCH DET Revised 4.1.2 43 No 26/02/99

Notes:1.

Meaning Personnel Eqpt1 Fully operational 90%+ 90%+2 Substantially operational 75%-90% 80%-90%3 Marginally operational 60%-75% 70%-80%4 Non-operational Below 60% Below 70%Example: Status 21 indicates 75%-90% personnel and 90%+equipment. This must be encoded if insecure comms are beingused.

2. Repeat as necessary.

009

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 9

COMMON CAPTURE REPORT

To:

From:

Title: COMCAPREP

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:009

A 03 When captured (DTG) 12 char

B 05 Location of capture (GR) 10 char

C0709111315162324

Numbers of PW captured: Officers (male) Officers (female) NCO (male) NCO (female) Soldiers (male) Soldiers (female) Others (male) Others (female)

4 fig4 fig4 fig4 fig4 fig4 fig4 fig4 fig

D 30 Captured Enemy Documents(CED)

200 char

E 42 Captured Enemy Equipment(CEE)

200 char

F 53 Circumstances of capture 200 char

G 55 Points of Intelligence Interest 200 char

H 66 Location of capturing unit attime of COMCAPREP (GR)

10 char

I 69 Evacuation Intentions(to what location, when and bywhat means)

200 char

Purpose To report the capture of a potential sourceof information and to alert the PWHandling Organisation.

Sponsor Comd SpAPP-9 LCH DET Revised

2.2 44 No 26/02/99

010

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 10

CONTACT/SIGHTING REPORT

To:

From:

Title:CONTACT/SIGHTINGREP(1)

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:010

A 15 Time of contact/sighting (DTG) 12 charB 23 Location of contact/sighting 10 charC 27 Location of observer (3) 10 charD 33 Target description 50 charE 35 Action by target 300 charF 50 Action by own forces 300 char

Purpose To report essential details of contactswith/sightings of enemy forces. (2) (3)

Sponsor LW1APP-9 LCH DET Revised4.1.4 48 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Refer to as CONTACTREP or SIGHTINGREP asappropriate (see below).

2. In a contact report it is assumed that the enemy isaware of friendly forces present, usually because anexchange of fire has taken place.

3. A sighting report is used when enemy forces aresighted, no exchange of fire has taken place, and it isassumed that the enemy is unaware of the observer.

4. Whilst all other serials are normally transmitted,CHARLIE is usually required only in low intensityoperations.

011

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 11

LANDING CRAFT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To:

From:

Title: CRAFTACK

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:011

A 012450

AcknowledgeDelay (where appropriate) (DTG)Refuse

12 char

B 54 Number/Type of Craft 20 char

C 73 Craft Callsign(s) 50 char

D 77 ETA PUP (DTG) 12 char

E 80 Other Information 200 char

Purpose To acknowledge/reply to a request for aMarine Landing Craft.

Sponsor HQRMAPP-9 LCH DET Revised

3.1 49 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

1. See CRAFTREQ.

012

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 12

LANDING CRAFT REQUEST

To:

From:

Title: CRAFTREQ

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:012

A 05 Number/Type of Craft 20 char

B 08 Nature of task 100 char

C 11 PUP (GR) 10 char

D 14 Destination Timings 6 fig

E 22 DTG at PUP 12 char

F 23 Not after time 6 fig

G 30 Estimated duration (hrs) 3 fig

H 43 Personnel (Pax) 3 fig

I 46 Cargo 50 char

J 51 Contact callsign (c/s) andfrequency at PUP

10 char

K 53 Control callsign (c/s) andfrequency at destination

10 char

L 55 Briefing (time and location) 50 char

M 76 Debriefing (time and location) 50 char

N 81 Tactical information 100 char

O 97 Any other information 100 char

Purpose To request use of Marine craft/landingcraft.

Sponsor HQRMAPP-9 LCH DET Revised

3.2 50 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

1. See CRAFTACK .

013

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 13

EMERGENCY BURIAL REPORT

To:

From:

Title: EMBUREP

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:013

A2A3

0708

Burial unit details Supervisor rank Supervisor name

3 char20 char

B2 12Site location Grid Reference (GR) 15 char

C2C4

3032

Site details Date of burial (DTG) Contamination details

12 char50 char

D1D2

3538

Body count Identified Unidentified

3 fig3 fig

F 70 Registrant 25 char

Purpose Initial report of emergency burial. (1)Sponsor PS4(as)(A)APP-9 LCH DET Revised

1.4 58 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

1. This is an initial report only to alert others that anemergency burial has taken place.

2. There are mandatory requirements to record andreport extensive details of burial information. These arelisted in the LCH EMBUREP report format (of which this isa sub-set).

014

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 14

EOD INCIDENT REPORT

To:

From:

Title: EODINCREP

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:014

A6 12 Location of incident (GR) 10 charB2 30 Description of incident/device 200 charB3 33 Chemical/Biological hazard (Y/N) 1 charD 42 When dropped/placed/laid (DTG) 12 charI1 85 RV for EOD Team (GR) 10 charY 98 Category of incident (1) (2) 1 charZ 99 Additional Information 100 char

Purpose Initial report of an unexploded ordnanceincident. (3)

Sponsor HQ EinC(A)APP-9 LCH DET Revised4.9.1 66 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Select from:A Incidents that constitute a grave and immediatethreat. Start disposal operations immediatelyregardless of personal risk.B Incidents that constitute an indirect threat.Observe a safe waiting period to reduce the hazard topersonnel.C Incidents that constitute little threat. These arenormally dealt with by engineers blowing up in theiroriginal location.D Incidents that constitute no immediate threat.Mark and cordon off where possible. Report to unitHQ for further action.

2. The originator can only recommend the incidentcategory. This must be confirmed by the appropriatesuperior HQ.

3. This is an initial report only to alert others. Moreinformation will normally be required – see the LCHEODINCREP of which this is a subset.

015

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 15

EW JAMMING REPORT

To:

From:

Title: EWJAMREP

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:015

A1A2A3A4

03050710

Jamming Type of jamming/deception (1) Strength of jamming (2) Mode of jamming (3) Frequency/channel affected

10 char10 char10 char

3 figB 20 Location of victim (GR) 10 charC 35 Time (DTG)

START, END or duration (mins) 15, 15D 47 Additional information 200 charE 50 Declassification trigger - time,

date or event50 char

Purpose To report a hostile EW attack.Sponsor Comd SpAPP-9 LCH DET Revised4.13.3 71 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Select from: 01 MUSIC 04 NOISE02 TONES 05 VOICE03 CW

2. Select from: 01 WEAK02 MEDIUM03 STRONG

3. Select from: 01 RESPONSIVE02 CONSTANT

016

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 16

FIRST HOSTILE ACT

To:

From:

Title: FIRSTHOSTILEACT

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:016

B 20 Type of hostile act 40 charC 30 Location (GR) 15 charD 40 Time of incident (DTG) 12 charE 50 Identity of aggressor nation/

Opposing Force(s) (OPFOR)10 char

F616263

Nature of damage : Personnel casualties Damage to property Damage to equipment

40 char40 char40 char

Purpose To provide information on an initialenemy hostile act in order to enableimmediate reaction.

Sponsor Comd SpAPP-9 LCH Det Revised

2.6 78 No 26/02/99

Notes:

1. To be transmitted immediately upon observing/experiencing the first hostile act in a givenTheatre/Tactical Area of Responsibility (TAOR).

017

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 17

FIRE MISSION CALL FOR FIRE

To:

From:

Title: FM.CFF

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:017

B 10 Target number (1) 6 charDD3

2028

Target location (GR)Target altitude (m) (2)

10 char5 char

F 35 Target description 50 charL 70 Effect required (3) 5 char

MM1M2

757778

Control Method (4) Time on target (TOT), or Time to Fire (TTF) (5)

3 char4 fig

N 79 Can adjust (YES/NO) In ClearO 95 End of Mission In Clear

Purpose Request artillery fire and/or orders for fire.Sponsor HQ DRAAPP-9 LCH DET Revised4.6.4 79 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Normally allocated by agency providing the fire.2. Not essential, should be provided if readily availableor if the actual target is elevated.

3. Select from:01 SMK Smoke or screen02 ILLUM Illumination03 HAR Harassing fire04 NEU Neutralise05 DEST Destroy06 ADJ Adjust

(4) Select from:01 AMC At my command

(fire on originator’s order)02 TOT Time on target03 TTF Time to fire04 WR When ready

018

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 18

HARBOUR/HIDE REPORT

To:

From:

Title: HARHIDEREP

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:018

A 10 Location of harbour/hide (GR) 10 charB

232528

Rendezvous (RV): By foot (GR) By road (GR) By helicopter (GR)

10 char10 char10 char

C 33 Approach from (1) 5 charD 40 Suitable for (2) 10 charE 44 Extent and type of cover (3) (4) 7 charF 52 Hard standing - YES/NO 3 charG 57 Additional Information 500 char

Purpose To report details of and approaches to unitharbours/hides.

Sponsor LW1APP-9 LCH DET Revised4.1.7 88 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Select from:01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08N S E W NE NW SE SW

2. Select from:01 SECT Section02 TP/PL Troop/Platoon03 SQN/COY Squadron/Company04 SQN/COY GP Squadron/Company Group

3 Select from:01 GOOD Good cover02 PART Partial/fair cover03 POOR Poor cover

4. Cover should be described with respect to the size ofthe unit/grouping for which the harbour/hide has beenselected, i.e. that selected from the list at (2).

019

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 19

HELICOPTER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

To:

From:

Title: HELACK

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:019

03 HELQUEST number 12 charA 10

11ACCEPT/REFUSE/DELAYuntil..... (DTG) (1)

10 char12 char

B 17 Quantity and type of aircraft 50 charC 25 Aircraft callsign/mission number 30 charD 38 Estimated time at pickup point(s)

(DTGs) (2) 12 char

E 43 Reason for REFUSE/DELAY 200 charF 52 Additional Information 250 char

Purpose To accept, delay or refuse a request fortransport or utility helicopter support.

Sponsor PJHQAPP-9 LCH DET Revised5.11 89 No 26/02/99

Notes:

1. The reason for REFUSE/DELAY must be given at E.

2. Repeat as necessary for multiple PUPs.

020

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 20

HELICOPTER LANDING SITE REPORT

To:

From:

Title: HELLSREP

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:020

01 HELLSREP number 12 charB 05 When recced (DTG) 12 charC 10 Location of LS centre point, or

series of GRs to indicate theboundary.

10 char(series)

D 20 Orientation of the Long Axis (1) 4 figF 25 Method of deplanement (2) 1 figG 32 Surface conditions (3) 50 charH1H2

3839

Direction (1)APPROACH, EXIT

4 fig4 fig

Q 80 Enemy – especially in vicinity ofHLS and approach/exit route.

100 char

S 90 Obstructions – in vicinity of HLSand on approach/exit routes.

100 char

V 99 Other Remarks 100 char

Purpose Initial report of helicopter landing sitedetails.

Sponsor PJHQAPP-9 LCH DET Revised5.13 90 No 26/02/99

Notes:

1. State units (normally metres and mils).

2. Select deplanement method from:01 Land 03 Rope02 Hover 04 Abseil or winch

3. Select surface description from:01 W Firm02 X Moderate03 Y Soft

Include any additional information where necessary, e.g.nature of surface, re-circulation etc.

021

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 21

HELICOPTER REQUEST

To:

From:

Title: HELQUEST

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:021

05 HELQUEST number 12 charA 10 Quantity and Type of aircraft 50 charB 15 Nature of Task 12 charC 23 Pick-up point(s)(PUP)(GR) (1) (2) 30 charD 24 Destination (s)/reconnaissance

target(s) (GR) (1)10 char

E 27 Time at PUP(s) or on task (DTG)(1)

12 char

F 33 'Not after' time (DTG) 12 charG 35 Duration of task (in hours/mins) 6 charH 38 Passengers /casualties (3) 30 charI 44 Freight (weight in kg) (4) 60 charJ 50 PUP(s) contact

Callsign and frequency (1) 25 charK 52 Destination(s) contact

Callsign and frequency (1) 25 charL 57 Briefing

Callsign, frequency, location100 char

M 61 Debriefing Callsign, frequency, location

100 char

N 64 Combat intelligence update 100 charO 68 Special instructions – e.g.

liaison, logistic support (5)100 char

Purpose To request transport helicopter or utilityhelicopter support.

Sponsor PJHQAPP-9 LCH DET Revised5.15 92 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Repeatable for multiple PUPs/locations.2. PUPs may be GRs, nicknames or multiple locations.3. Category - sitting , stretcher , walking (by numbers).4. Include description, dimensions, weight, underslung, etc.5. For complex operations, the system for matchingpassengers/loads to helicopter types should be indicated.

022

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 22

INCIDENT REPORT

To:

From:

Title: INCREP

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:022

A 13 Incident type (describe) 50 charC 30 Source of information :

Evaluation, source, other details 100 charD 31 Validity of source material (DTG) 12 char

E1E2

3536

Location GR Description

15 char100 char

F 38 Details of Hostiles/Terrorists 500 charG 40 Outline of Events 500 char

H1H2

4245

Own casualties : Dead Wounded/injured

2 fig2 fig

I1I2

5254

Hostile/Terrorist casualties : Dead Wounded/injured

2 fig2 fig

J1J2

5658

Civilian casualties : Dead Wounded/injured

2 fig2 fig

K 60 Details of any arrests 200 char

Purpose To report significant incident caused byterrorism, civil unrest, natural disaster ormedia activity (1) (2)

Sponsor LW1APP-9 LCH DET Revised4.1.8 98 No 26/02/99

Notes:

1. The INCREP is an 'As Required' report suited toPeace Support Operations (PSO); as such it is unlikely tobe called for in High Intensity Conflict (HIC) Operations.

2. This is a simplified version of the complete INCREPformat (which can be found in the LCH).

023

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 23

INTELLIGENCE REPORT

To:

From:

Title: INTREP

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:023

A 12 What - the event/incident/activitybeing reported

400 char

B 22 When 400 char

C 27 Where 400 char

D 43 How 400 char

E1E2E3

535557

Assessment/comment : Reliability Deductions Conclusions

100 char200 char200 char

Purpose To report essential elements ofintelligence information (1)

Sponsor Comd SpAPP-9 LCH DET Revised

2.7 100 No 26/02/99

Notes:

1. The INTREP provides timely information regardingincidents/events that could have an immediate andsignificant effect on current or pending operations inpeace, time of tension and hostilities.

024

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 24

LOCATION REPORT

To:

From:

Title: LOCSTAT

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:024

A1A2A3

101517

Locations (GR): Main HQ Step-up Company/platoon/troop centre points (1)

10 Char10 Char

100 Char

B 30 Forward Line Of Own Troops(FLOT) (1)

100 Char

CC1C2C3

414550

Rendezvous (RV): By foot By vehicle By helicopter

10 Char10 Char10 Char

D 62 Other locations(e.g. OP positions, GW positions,mortar base plate positions,specialist sub-units) (2)

300 Char

Purpose To report details of unit/sub-unit locations.Sponsor LW1APP-9 LCH DET Revised4.1.10 110 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

1. A series of 6-figure grid references.2. Descriptors (usually Callsigns) plus 6-figure gridreferences.

025

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 25

LOGISITIC SITUATION REPORT (UNIT)

To:

From:

Title: LOGSITUNIT

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:025

A 07 LOGSITUNIT Reference Number 10 charB

1215

Force weapons : Code/stock number (1) (2) Holdings

10 char4 fig

C2326

Ammunition : Code/stock number (1) (2) (3) Holdings

10 char5 fig

D3235

Petroleum products : Code/stock number (1) (2) (4) Holdings

10 char10 char

E4245

Rations : Code/stock number (1) (2) (4) Holdings

10 char10 char

F 57 Additional information 500 char

Purpose To advise on changes to holdings ofequipment, ammunition, fuel (POL) andrations.

Sponsor LW2APP-9 LCH DET Revised6.1.7 116 No 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Repeat as necessary where more than one item isbeing reported.

2. Use the appropriate codes from the Land ForcesReportable Item List (LFRIL).

3. Holdings are to be reported if over 5% used since thelast LOGSITUNIT.

4. Holdings are to be reported if stocks vary over 5%since the last LOGSITUNIT.

026

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 26

MAP REQUEST

To:

From:

Title: MAPREQ

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:026

A 07 Latest time required (DTG) 12 charB

101112

Map details (1) Series Sheet Number Quantity[Repeat as necessary]

10 char4 fig4 fig

C 90 Reason for demand 100 charD 93 Collection/delivery details 100 charE 95 Point of contact (POC) details 50 char

Purpose To request map coverage.Sponsor LW2APP-9 LCH DET Revised6.1.11 121 No 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Repeat as necessary where more than one mapseries/sheet number is required.

027

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 27

MATERIAL DEMAND

To:

From:

Title: MATDEM

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:027

A 03 Demand Reference Number 10 charB 10 Item requested : (1)

- Class of supply - Code/stock number (2) - Relevant reference document - Equipment/materiel name - Unit of measure (as applicable) - Quantity required - Stocks on hand[Repeat as necessary]

50 char

C 30 Delivery criteria : (1) - Coded priority - Latest target (DTG) for delivery - Location - Method of delivery - by whom;supply or collect[Repeat as necessary]

50 char

D 50 Impact of non-compliance - ifsupply is not possible by thelatest target date fordelivery/collection (1)[Repeat as necessary]

100 char

Purpose To demand specific items or materiel.Sponsor LW2APP-9 MATDEM DET Revised6.1.12 122 No 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Repeat as necessary where more than one item isrequired.

2. Use the appropriate codes from the Land ForcesReportable Item List (LFRIL).

028

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 28

MISSILE DEMAND

To:

From:

Title: MISDEM

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:028

A 1011

Type Of Missile (1)Quantity

20 char3 fig

B 80 Transport 20 char

C 90 RV 15 char

D 95 Additional Information 100 char

Purpose To demand replacement missilesSponsor LW2APP-9 LCH DET Revised6.1.13 130 No 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Repeat as necessary for each type of missile.

2. Select from:

01 Javelin02 Milan03 Swingfire04 TOW05 Rapier

029

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 29

NBC 1 (OBSERVER’S INITIAL REPORT) - BIO/CHEM

To:

From:

Title: NBC1 (BIO/CHEM)

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:029

00 BIOLOGICAL or CHEMICAL 11 charA 01 Strike Serial Number 10 charB 05 Location of observer (GR) (1) 10 charC 10 Grid Bearing to Attack (mils) (1) 4 figD 21 When attack started (DTG) 12 charE 27 When attack ended (DTG) 12 charF 35 Location of attack (2) 50 charG 38 Delivery Means (3) 30 charH 40 Type of agent and burst (4) 20 charS 42 Contamination detected (DTG) 12 charY 66 Wind - estimated local downwind

direction and wind speed – stateunits (normally mils and km/hr)

30 char

ZB 89 Additional Information 100 char

Purpose To provide the observer's initial reportgiving basic data on a single NBC attack.

Sponsor LW2hAPP-9 LCH DET Revised4.5.5 135 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:1. This information must be included in the report ifFOXTROT (location of attack) is not given.2. Use GR, place name, or nicknames as appropriate.State whether actual, or estimated.

3. Select Delivery Means from:01 GUNS 05 MISSILES02 MORTARS 06 AERIAL SPRAY03 ROCKETS 07 UNKNOWN04 BOMBS

4. Select Agent and Type of Burst from:01 P (Persistent) 04 AIR02 NP (non-persistent) 05 SURFACE03 UNKNOWN 06 UNKNOWN

030

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 30

NBC 1 (OBSERVER’S INITIAL REPORT) - NUCLEAR

To:

From:

Title: NBC1 (NUC)

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:030

03 NUCLEAR 11 charA 08 Strike Serial Number 10 charB 12 Location of observer (GR) (1) 10 charC 15 Grid Bearing to Attack (mils) (1) 4 figD 19 When attack/event started (DTG) 12 charF 23 Location of attack (2) 50 charG 25 Delivery means 30 charH 30 Type of burst (3) 20 charJ 32 Flash-to-bang time in seconds 3 figL 36 Nuclear burst angular cloud width

measured at H+5 mins (mils)20 char

M 47 Stabilised cloud-top angle and/orcloud-bottom angle (state which)or cloud-top height and/or cloud-bottom height (state which)measured at H+10 minutes (mils,metres).

50 char

S 50 Time of readings (DTG) 12 charZB 54 Additional remarks 100 char

Purpose To provide the observer's initial reportgiving basic data on a single NBC attack.

Sponsor LW2hAPP-9 LCH DET Revised4.5.5 135 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:1. This information must be included in the report ifFOXTROT (location of attack) is not given.

2. Use GR, place name, or nicknames as appropriate.State whether actual, or estimated.

3. Select type of burst from:01 AIR02 SURFACE03 UNKNOWN

Include an estimate of height where possible.

031

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 31

NBC 3 (IMMEDIATE CONTAMINATION WARNING) –BIOLOGICAL/CHEMICAL

To:

From:

Title: NBC3 (BIO/CHEM)As At/DTG:

ReportNo:031

00 BIOLOGICAL or CHEMICAL 14 charA 04 Strike Serial Number 10 charD 12 When attack started (DTG) 12 charE 16 When attack ended (DTG) 12 charF 28 Location of attack (1) 50 charH 32 Type of agent and burst (2) 20 char

PA 34 Predicted hazard area – usuallygiven as location (GR) andhazard area radius (m)

50 char

PB 38 Duration of hazard (in days) for: Attack area Hazard area

6 char

Y 40 Wind – estimated downwinddirection and wind speed – stateunits (normally mils and km/hr)

20 char

ZA 42 Actual weather conditions: Air stability conditions Surface air temp/unit of measure Relative humidity Significant weather phenomena Cloud cover

50 char

ZB 44 Additional information 100 char

Purpose To pass immediate warning of predictedcontamination and hazard areas following anNBC attack.

Sponsor LW2hAPP-9 LCH DET Revised4.5.7 137 No 26/02/99

Notes:1. Use GR, place name, or nicknames as appropriate.State whether actual, or estimated.2. Select Agent and Type of Burst from:

01 P (Persistent) 04 AIR02 NP (non-persistent) 05 SURFACE03 UNKNOWN 06 UNKNOWN

Include an estimate of the height of burst where possible.

032

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 32

NBC 3 (IMMEDIATE CONTAMINATION WARNING) –NUCLEAR

To:

From:

Title: NBC3 (NUC)As At/DTG:

ReportNo:032

01 NUCLEAR 11 charA 05 Strike Serial Number 10 charD 15 DTG of attack or detonation 12 charF 19 Location of attack (1) 50 charH 23 Type of burst and height (m) (2) 20 charN 25 Estimated yield (in KT) 6 fig

PA 35 Predicted hazard area – usuallygiven as location (GR) andhazard area radius (m)

50 char

DY 37 Left and right radial lines and unitof measurement in degrees/mils(state which)

15 char

EZ 39 Fallout prediction parameters: Effective wind speed Downwind distance of Zone 1 Cloud radius(State units – normally mils andmetres

20 char

ZB 43 Additional information 100 char

Purpose To pass immediate warning of predictedcontamination and hazard areas following anNBC attack.

Sponsor LW2hAPP-9 LCH DET Revised4.5.7 137 No 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Use GR, place name, or nicknames as appropriate.State whether actual, or estimated.

2. Select type of burst from:01 AIR02 SURFACE03 UNKNOWN

Include an estimate of height where possible.

033

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 33

NBC 4 (MONITORING AND SURVEY RESULTS)

To:

From:

Title: NBC4

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:033

03 BIOLOGICAL or CHEMICAL (1) 14 charA 09 Strike Serial Number 10 charH 13 Type of agent and burst (2) 20 charK 23 Crater indicator and width (m), or

terrain and vegetation description20 char

Q 29 Location of readingsLocation where samples obtainedDetails of type of sample

50 char

S 37 Time of readings, or when conta-mination initially detected (DTG)

12 char

ZB 55 Additional information 100 char10 NUCLEAR (1) 11 char

A 22 Strike Serial Number 10 charK 24 Crater (Y/N) and width (m),or

terrain and vegetation description20 char

Q 32 Location of readingsLocation where samples obtainedDetails of type of sample

50 char

R 38 Radiation dose rate in cGy/H andother details about the sample,e.g. trend and delay

20 char

S 46 When readings were taken (DTG) 12 charZB 84 Additional information 100 char

Purpose To report monitoring and survey resultsfollowing an NBC attack.

Sponsor LW2hAPP-9 LCH DET Revised4.5.8 138 No 26/02/99

Notes:1. Use the appropriate section for Biological, Chemicalor Nuclear.2. Select Agent and Type of Burst from:

01 P (Persistent) 04 AIR02 NP (non-persistent) 05 SURFACE03 UNKNOWN 06 UNKNOWN

Include an estimate of the height of burst where possible.

034

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 34

OBSTACLE REPORT

To:

From:

Title: OBSREP

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:034

C 47 Location (GR) (1) 15 charD

49545556

Obstacle data : Mines present (YES/NO) Generic mine type (1) (2) Obstacle type (1) (3) Obstacle characteristics (1)(4)

3 char2 char2 char3 char

E60626368

Dimensions : Length (m) Width (m) Depth (m) Height (m)

4 fig3 fig2 fig2 fig

F1F2

7072

Entry point (GR)Exit point (GR)

15 char15 char

G 80 Special remarks 100 char

Purpose To report obstacles.Sponsor HQ EinC(A)APP-9 LCH DET Revised4.8.10 147 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Repeat as necessary.2. Select mine type from:

01 P Anti-personnel 02 T Anti-tank03 PT Mixed 04 U Unknown

3. Select obstacle type from:01 AB Abatis 10 FL Flooding02 BE Berm 11 LS Landslide03 BP Beam post 12 MF Minefield04 BT Booby traps 13 OT Other (Specified)05 CR Cratered road 14 TD Anti-tank ditch06 DG Dry gap 15 UX UXO07 DM Demolition 16 WO Wired Obstacle08 DT Dragon teeth 17 WW Waterway09 FB Falling block

4. Select obstacle characteristics from:01 BRE Breached 04 MSL Mines surface laid02 COV Covered by fire 05 MRK Marked03 IMP Prepared 06 PAS Passable

035

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 35

OWN LAND FORCES SITUATION REPORT

To:

From:

Title: OWNSITREP (1)

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:035

C 19 Report as at (DTG) 12 char

D1 3135

Grouping (2) Command relationship (3) Sub-ordinate unit/attachment

5 char20 char

E 50 Own situation (4) 200 char

F 60 Control/Co-ordination lines (5) 100 char

G 73 Non-ORBAT units (6) 100 char

H 83 Additional information 100 char

Purpose To report own forces situation. (1)

Sponsor LW1APP-9 LCH DET Revised4.1.14 153 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

1. See also SITREP.2. Repeat as necessary (up to a maximum of 5).3. Select from:

01 OPCOM 04 TACON02 OPCON 05 UCDM03 TACOM

4. Include own locations (present/planned) as GR andDTG from/to. Outline recent/current/planned activity.Summarise personnel status, material status andreadiness. Summarise recent/current opposing forcesactivities. Provide additional information as necessary,especially key concerns.5. State type of line, followed by series of GRs (useUTMs to avoid confusion where required).6. Include brief details of friendly units not undercommand but operating within local area.7. This is a simplified version of the LCH OWNSITREPformat for use at unit level and below only.

036

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 36

PERSONNEL REPORT

To:

From:

Title: PERSREP

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:036

A 13 Unit/sub-unit identification(1) (2)

20 char

B1B2B3B4B5B6

232632454751

Personnel data (1) (3) Total War Establishment (WE) Total attachments Total strength Total incapacitated Total dead Total PW held

10 fig10 fig10 fig10 fig10 fig10 fig

C 60 Time (1) (4) 12 charD 72 Personnel assessment (1) (5) 100 charE 83 Commander's overall

assessment for the unit/sub-unitpreparing the message.

100 char

Purpose To provide commanders and staffs with asummary of personnel information byquantities and categories.

Sponsor LW1APP-9 LCH DET Revised

1.8 154 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Repeat for each unit/sub-unit being reported.2. All units/sub-units under command or operationalcontrol are to be included (report totals by parent unit).3. Give personnel data by category – Officers, SeniorRanks (SNCOs), Other Ranks (ORs).4. “As at” DTG for each unit/sub-unit being reported.5. Provide an assessment of battle-worthiness, shortageof critical personnel, etc. for each unit/sub-unit beingreported.

037

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 37

PATROL REPORT

To:

From:

Title: PTLREP

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:037

A1A2

0305

Patrol designation Callsign or nickname Parent unit/sub-unit

10 char20 char

D 23 Composition of patrol 200 charE 25 Task/Mission 200 charF 27 Departure (DTG) 12 charG 28 Return (DTG) 12 charH 30 Route out and in (1) 300 char

J1J2J3J4J5J6J7J8J9

505252535455565758

Enemy /Opposing Forces: Location (GR) Time activity observed (DTG) Strength Activity/attitude Weapons and equipment Disposition Intentions Additional observations Command posts identified

10 char12 char10 char

100 char100 char100 char100 char100 char100 char

L 70 Miscellaneous information (2) 400 charM 75 Results of any encounters 400 char

N1N2N3N4

77818284

Condition of patrol Wounded Killed in action Missing Captured

2 fig2 fig2 fig2 fig

O 87 Additional Information(Conclusions/recommendations)

200 char

Purpose To report patrol activity.Sponsor LW1APP-9 LCH DET Revised4.10.1 160 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:(1) Include DOP and PUP where applicable. Routeusually described as a series of 6-figure grids. Use UTMswhere necessary to avoid confusion. Entry and exitlocations should always be included where applicable.(2) Include NBC, water points, HLS, airstrips, civilianpopulation, routes etc.

038

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 38

ROAD/ROUTE RECONNAISSANCE REPORT

To:

From:

Title: RDROUTERECCEREP

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:038

A 05 Route details – places/GRs/nicknames

100 char

B 12 Route recommended - YES/NO 3 charC 13 Surface description –

GOOD/BAD /ADEQUATE8 char

D 17 Potential bottle neck(s)/ambushposition(s) (1)

15 char

E 203040

Vulnerable Point(s) (VP) (1) Bridge(s) Tunnel(s)

15 char15 char15 char

F 52 Harbour area(s) on route (1) 15 charG 63 Area(s) of air cover - YES/NO 3 charH 74 Possible diversion route(s) –

YES/NO 3 char

I 77 Traffic Post(s) (TP) (1) 15 charJ 83 Military Load Classification (MLC) 20 charK 89 Additional remarks, as necessary 200 char

Purpose To report route details, conditions and suitability.

Sponsor QMG(Mov)APP-9 LCH DET Revised6.3.10 168 No 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Give as a series of Grid References.

039

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 39

REPLENISHMENT DEMAND – COMPANY/SQUADRON

To:

From:

Title: REPLENDEMCOY/SQN

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:039

A 07 RV or delivery location (GR) 10 charB 12 When required (DTG) 12 charC 15 Types of replenishment required 10 charD 23 Approach from (GR or direction) 10 char

E1E2

3031

Standard Load – Fuel: (1) Vehicle load – Type 1 (define) Vehicle load – Type 2 (define)

10 char10 char

F1F2

4041

Standard Load – Ammunition: (1) Vehicle load – Type 1 (define) Vehicle load – Type 2 (define)

10 char10 char

G 52 30 mm ammunition 10 charH 55 Air bottles by numbers/type 30 char

I1I2

5759

Gasoline/petrol (litres): Pod Cans

4 fig4 fig

J1J2

6468

Diesel (litres) Pod Cans

4 fig4 fig

K 72 Rations – man days required 4 figL 75 NBC Items by type (2) 100 charM 80 Other requirements (type/qty) 100 char

Purpose To demand company/squadronreplenishment.

Sponsor LW1APP-9 LCH DET Revised

No No No 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Repeat as necessary.

2. Select NBC Items from: (normally sent in clear )01 A Suit 02 B Gloves03 C Respirator (state size) 04 D Canister05 E Over-boots

3. Any other items should be sent in clear.

040

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 40

REPLENISHMENT DEMAND - TROOP/PLATOON

To:

From:

Title: REPLENDEMTPPL

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:040

A 04 Dieso (litres) 4 figB 07 Petrol (litres) 4 figC 10 Additional POL by type 50 char

D1D2D3D4D5

1316172023

120 mmAPDSAPFSDSHEHESHSMOKE

3 fig3 fig3 fig3 fig3 fig

E1E2

2527

5.56 mm (hundreds) Ball Tracer

3 fig3 fig

F1F2F3F4

31323334

7.62 mm (hundreds) Link Ball Tracer Chain

3 fig3 fig3 fig3 fig

G 45 LAW (each) 2 figH 50 51 mm mortar by type (each) 2 figI 55 81 mm mortar by type (each) 2 fig

J1J2

6062

30 mm APDS (each) HE (each)

3 fig3 fig

K 70 Any other ammo (qty/type 100 charL 74 Rations (man days) 100 charM 78 Water (litres) 5 figN 80 NBC Stores (qty/type/size) (1) 100 char

Purpose To demand troop/platoon replenishment.Sponsor LW1APP-9 LCH DET Revised

No No Yes 26/02/99

Notes:1. Select NBC Items from: (normally sent in clear )

01 A Suit 02 B Gloves03 C Respirator (state size) 04 D Canister05 E Over-boots

2. Any other items should be sent in clear.

041

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 41

REINFORCEMENT DEMAND (PERSONNEL)

To:

From:

Title: RFTDEM(PERS)

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:041

A 05 Packets required (1) 100 charB 21 Individuals required (2) (3) 500 charC 25

37Rendezvous (RV) (GR)Date-Time Group (DTG)

10 char12 char

D 44 Additional information 200 char

Purpose Used for submitting demands for reinforcementsof personnel.

Sponsor LW1APP-9 LCH DET Revised1.12 172 No 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Details of packets are:

Artillery 15 men 2 x Officers, 7 x Other Ranks1 x CPA, 5 x Signallers

Engineers 25 men 1 x Officer, 23 x CombatEngineers (including 4 x NCOs,1 x Plant Operator/Mechanic)

Infantry 35 men 1 x Officer, 1 x SNCO33 x Other Ranks

Others (e.g.Logisticians/drivers)

10 men 1 x SNCO/JNCO9 x Other Ranks

2. Provide details of the individual reinforcements required,giving the Mobilisation Employment Group (MEG) of each BattleCasualty Replacement (BCR) by trade/specialisation.

3. Demands are not to include BCR to crew vehicles suppliedthrough Armoured Delivery Regiments (ADR) or their Nationalequivalent. Nor must demands include BCR to drive (and in thecase of 'A' vehicles to command) vehicles provisioned through thesupply chain.

042

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 42

SCATTERABLE MINEFIELD REPORT

To:

From:

Title: SCATMINREP

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:042

D1D2

4144

Location and nearest feature Geographic place name Location (GR) (1)

15 char10 char

E1E2E3

475253

Report data Time Completed (DTG) General stopping power (2) Minefield density (2)

12 char6 char6 char

F1F2F3

555758

Minefield composition Mine type (3) Mine description/designation Quantity

2 char10 char

4 fig

H1H2

7276

Obstacle effective times Start (DTG) End (DTG)

12 char12 char

I 80 Additional Information 100 char

Purpose To report a friendly forces scatterableminefield. Enemy minefields should bereported using the OBSREP.

Sponsor HQ EinC(A)APP-9 LCH DET Revised4.8.14 182 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

1. Repeat as necessary. Use a series of GRs for aboundary with UTMs where necessary to avoid confusion.2. Select from:

01 LOW02 MEDIUM03 HIGH

3. Select from:01 A Area02 H Anti-helicopter03 O Off-route04 P Anti-personnel05 T Anti-tank

043

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 43

SCATTERABLE MINEFIELD WARNING

To:

From:

Title: SCATMINWARN

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:043

D1D2

3334

Location Geographic place name Location (GR) (1)

15 char10 char

E1E2

3639

Safety zone Zone identifier Zone size in metres

1 char4 fig

F 42 Laying method (2) 2 char

H1H2

5155

Mine emplacement Not earlier than (DTG) Not later than (DTG)

12 char12 char

I1I2

5762

Obstacle effective times Start (DTG) End (DTG)

12 char12 char

J 70 Additional information 100 char

Purpose To transmit a warning about a friendlyforces scatterable minefield. Enemyminefields should be reported using theOBSREP.

Sponsor HQ EinC(A)APP-9 LCH DET Revised4.8.16 184 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

(1) Repeat as necessary. Include UTMs where requiredto avoid confusion.

(2) Select from:

01 AS Artillery scattered02 GS Ground scattered

044

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 44

SITUATION REPORT

To:

From:

Title: SITREP

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:044

A 10 Time of report (DTG) 12 charsB 20 Own Forces 100 chars

C 30 Enemy Forces 100 charD 40 Intentions 100 char

Purpose A simplified version of the OWNSITREPformat for use on voice nets only.

Sponsor LW1APP-9 LCH DET Revised

No No Yes 26/02/99

Notes:

1. See also OWNSITREP. The SITREP is a UK LandForces only message which is additional to APP-9. It is asimple message for immediate use at Battlegroup (Unit)Level and below on voice nets only.

2. The OWNSITREP format should always be used ondata nets and when exchanging information with allies.

045

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 45

FRIENDLY NUCLEAR STRIKE WARNING

To:

From:

Title: STRIKEWARN(NUC)

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:045

AW 07 STRIKEWARN Nickname/target number

10 char

DW 12

15

Multiple : DTG strike pulse willstart, DTG strike (pulse) will endSingle : DTG of strike, DTG afterwhich strike will be cancelled

12 char12 char

F1 1820

Multiple : GR of MSD 1 boxSingle : MSD 1 (in 100s of m)followed by GR of GZ or DGZ

18 char

F2 2224

Multiple : GR of MSD 2 boxSingle : MSD 2 (in 100s of m)followed by GR of GZ or DGZ (4)

18 char

F3 3234

Multiple : GR of MSD 3 boxSingle : MSD 3 (in 100s of m)followed by GR of GZ or DGZ (4)

18 char

HW 45 Number of surface/sub-surfaceblasts

6 char

IW 55 Number of bursts in a multiplestrike

3 fig

Purpose To provide friendly forces with thenecessary information needed to takesafety precautions against a friendlynuclear burst.

Sponsor LW2hAPP-9 LCH DET Revised4.5.4 189 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:1. MSD = minimum safe distance

GZ = Ground ZeroDGZ = Desired Ground Zero

2. All DTGs must be given as ZULU timings.3. If F1 is used, F2 must be completed. If F2 is used,F3 must be completed.4. Only required if not included in F1/F2.5. All STRIKEWARN(NUC) messages are to beacknowledged.

046

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 4 - R2 - 46

WEAPON CONTROL ORDER

To:

From:

Title: WCO

As At/DTG:

ReportNo:046

A 0507

Effective period: START and END (DTGs)

12 char12 char

B 12 WCS (1) (2) 1 figC 20 Affected units/sub-units (2)

(normally by callsign)15 char

D 30 Airspace control measures to beimplemented (2) (3)

200 char

E 40 Affected area (2) (4) 15 charF 62 Affected sector/arc(s) (2) (5) 20 charG 65 Friendly aircraft information:

Numbers Type(s) Flight path(s) IFF details (if appropriate) ID details

200 char

H 83 Additional information (100 Chars)

Purpose To order air defence weapon controlstatus (WCS) over a specific area(s) for agiven period of time.

Sponsor HQ DRAAPP-9 LCH DET Revised4.7.9 196 Yes 26/02/99

Notes:1. Select WCS from:

01 WEAPONS FREE 03 HOLDFIRE02 WEAPONS TIGHT 04 UNLIMITED

2. Serials BRAVO through FOXTROT should be repeated foreach different WCS in force during the period specified at ALPHA .3. Select control measure from:

01 AR 08 WFZ 02 TC 09 HIDACZ 03 TL 10 ACL 04 LLTR 11 ACHR 05 SC 12 IFFON 06 BDZ 13 IFFOFF 07 ROZ 14 RBFA

4. Single locations are assumed to cover a 6km radius.5. Arcs will vary where different WCO apply.

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 1

AIDE MEMOIRES

CONTENTS

Title SOP PageConversion Tables 501 5-1-1Effects of Sleep Loss 502 5-2-1Equipment Data 503 5-3-1Law of Armed Conflict 504 5-4-1States of Command 505 5-5-1Tactical Terminology 506 5-6-1

501

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 1 - 1

CONVERSION TABLES

Example: 10 Kilometres = 6.21 Miles10 Miles = 16.09 Kilometres

Centimetres Inches Kilometres Miles2.545.087.62

10.1612.7015.2417.7820.3222.8625.40

12345678910

0.390.791.181.571.972.362.763.153.543.94

1.613.224.836.448.059.66

11.2712.8814.4816.09

123456789

10

0.621.241.862.493.113.734.354.975.596.21

Metres Feet Metres Feet

0.310.610.911.221.521.832.132.442.743.05

12345678910

3.286.569.84

13.1216.4019.6822.9726.2529.5332.81

0.911.832.743.664.575.496.407.328.239.14

123456789

10

1.092.193.284.375.476.567.668.759.84

10.94

Litres Pints Litres Imp Gallons0.57 1 1.76 4.55 1 0.22

Gram 0\Kg Kilometres Lbs28.35 1 0.4 0.45 1 2.20

Kg/sq cm Lbs/sq in0.70 1 14.22

NauticalMiles Kilometres

0.54 1 1.85

501

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 1 - 2

Degrees Mils Degrees Mils

123456

1836547290

108

789

10100360

126142162180

18006400

SPEED CONVERSION

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

KPH

MPH0 10 20 30 40 50 60

502

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 2 - 1

EFFECTS OF SLEEP LOSS

1. Many serious accidents are caused directly by theeffects of sleep loss. There are numerous welldocumented examples from both training and operationswhere lack of sleep was the direct cause of loss of lifeand/or substantial damage to equipment and vehicles.

2. Commanders at all levels have both a legal and moralobligation to ensure that sufficient rest is taken.Operational demands will always place severe demandson individuals. Conflicting requirements may exist andthere may well be circumstances where risks have to betaken. Where it is obvious that individuals are excessivelytired, commanders are required to ensure adequate rest istaken where this can reasonably be achieved.

Commanders are warned that they may be heldindividually responsible in law for placingunreasonable demands on individuals – particularly,but not exclusively, in the case of drivers .

3. The following guide describes the probable effects ofsleep loss during continuous operations and suggestscountermeasures. It should be used to evaluate andminimise risk.

4. A sleep-deprived person is usually a very poor judgeof how he/she is being affected. Therefore risk evaluationmust not be exclusively based on the opinion of theindividual concerned. Most service personnel will have anatural inclination to push themselves beyond reasonablelimits.

EFFECTS OF SLEEP LOSS

5. Time (without sleep):

a. After 24 hours . A deterioration in performancein tasks that are inadequately or newly learned, or aremonotonous, or that require vigilance.

b. After 36 hours . A marked deterioration inability to register and understand information.

502

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 2 - 2

c. After 72 hours . Performance on most taskswill be about 50% of ‘normal’.

d. 3 to 4 days . Is the limit for intensive workincluding mental and physical elements. Visualillusions are likely at this stage, or earlier, especiallyin NBC state black.

5. Time of Day . There is a marked drop inperformance from 0300 – 0600 hrs.

6. Tasks :

� All tasks are likely to take longer.� Most affected - complex, uninteresting, long tasks

requiring sustained attention; newly-or poorly-learnedtasks.

� Least affected - short, simple, well-learned, self-placed interesting tasks.

� High workloads - worse than low ones due toincreasing attention lapses.

� Routine tasks – routine, but critical subsidiary taskstend to be skipped; this is part of generalunwillingness to act or respond.

� Physical tasks – e.g. digging, will only be affectedwith severe physical fatigue.

7. Mental Factors . Typical effects are fatigue, irritability,feelings of persecution, inability to concentrate, andperiods of misinterpretation and disorientation. Theseoften appear after one night of total sleep loss, and arepresent in most individuals after 2 nights without sleep.

� Attention - lapses of attention increase in frequencyand duration; information is often not registered.

� Initiative - ability to initiate work decreases: tasksimposed by others are less likely to be affected.

� Insight - reduced; performance and abilities areoverestimated.

� Motivation - reduced; a ‘mental lift’ or high moralecan counter this.

� Memory - short-term memory is impaired.

502

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 2 - 3

8. Physical Factors :

� Eyestrain - close work such as reading, viewingmonitors and using keyboards is likely to result ineyestrain.

� Personal Hygiene - deteriorates.� Hunger - increase in hunger disproportionate to time

spend awake.� Age - young individuals (average 22 years) tend to

retain less mental efficiency when tired than middle-aged (average 40 years).

COUNTERMEASURES

9. Before Operations :

� The higher the state of training, the less thedeterioration in performance.

� Demanding training enables all ranks to recognise theeffects of sleep loss.

� Although sleep cannot be “stored up”, it is obviouslysensible to get as much rest as possible beforeoperations.

10. Sleep Scheduling :

� The most effective remedy for sleep loss is qualitysleep, but short catnaps are beneficial and should betaken as frequently as possible.

� A small amount of sleep relative to that lost is verybeneficial. For example, 4 hours sleep after 90 hourawake greatly improves performance and mood.

� For full recovery, 12 hrs uninterrupted sleep shouldbe allowed after 48 to 72 hrs without.

� 4 hours sleep (continuous or broken) in every 24 hrsis likely to maintain adequate performance overseveral weeks.

11. During Operations :

� Extra care must be taken to make messages andorders clear and simple. They should be writtenwherever possible.

502

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 2 - 4

� Duties should be rotated between visual, mental andphysical tasks where possible.

� More time should be allowed for the execution oftasks because performance will be slower.

� Special consideration should be given to personnelresponsible for those tasks most affected by sleeploss, e.g. drivers and those undertaking commandand surveillance functions.

� After 36 hours without sleep, decisions, calculations,etc, must be cross-checked. Use a two-man drillwherever practical.

� Increased incentive, interest or morale, can oftenraise the level of mental alertness, and improveperformance.

� Exercise, noise and cold will all often give atemporary improvement, however they increase thephysical cost and eventually result in increasedfatigue.

503

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 3 - 1

EQUIPMENT DATAARMOUR/INFANTRY AFVs

Ser AFVs WeaponAmmo(Qty)

Ranges(m) Crew

Wt(kg)

MaxSpeed(Road)

RangeRoad/Mixed

1 Challenger 120 mm

2 x 7.62 mmGPMG(L8 & L37)

APFSDSHESHSmoke (52)

(4,600)

200015008000

1100(1800)

4 62,086 56 454256

2 Scimitar/Sabre

30 mm

7.62 mmGPMG

APDS & HE(201/192)

(3000)

1500 3 7,759 80 461385

3 Warrior 30 mm7.62 mm(Chain Gun)

APDS & HE 15001100

(1800)

3-7 25,400 80 500240

503

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 3 - 2

4 Striker Swingfire

7.62 mmGPMG

HEAT (10) 140-4,0001100

(1800)

3 8,346 80 382290

5 Saxon 7.62 mmGPMG

1100(1800)

12 11,660 96 482310

6 432 7.62 mmGPMG

1100(1800)

2 15,104 64 433225

ARTILLERY

Ser ArtyAmmo(Qty)

MaximumRange

PlanningRange

Wt(kg)

MaxSpeed(Road)

Range-Road/Mixed

1 AS 90 HEBomblet (48)7.62 mm (1000)

24,70017,900

19500 44, 500 55 468370

2 FH 70(155mm)

HESmokeIlluminating

24,70017,90019500

19500

503

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 3 - 3

3 Lt Gun(105 mm)

HESmokeIlluminating

17,200

15000

15000

4 MLRS HEBombletSCATMIN

32,00039,000

250003000030000

AIR DEFENCE

SerAir

DefenceType

(Missiles)Maximum

RangeMaximum

HeightWt

(kg)

MaxSpeed(Road)

Range –Road/Mixed

1 Javelin(LML/SL)

Close AD(10)

Minimum: 500Maximum: 4,500(approach) 5,500 (hover)

3,000

2 HVM(Stormer)

Close AD(20)

Min 1000Max 4,500(FGA)5500 (hov hel,approach ac)

3,000 12,700 80 600450

503

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 3 - 4

3 Rapier(Wheeled)

Area AD(up to 45)

Min 900Max 6800

10,000

SMALL ARMSSer Small Arms Calibre Ammo Maximum Effective Range (m)1 Pistol 9 mm Ball 452 Rifle 5.56 mm Ball

Tracer300 individual600 section

3 Sniper Rifle 7.62 mm Ball 900 (man-sized target)1000 (harassing fire)

4 Rifle Grenade (GS) 40 mm HE 150 m300 m (indirect fire)

5 LSW 5.56 mm BallTracer

800

6 GPMG (Light Role) 7.62 mm 8007 GPMG (SF) 7.62 mm

Ball1B 1T4B 1T

1100 (tracer burnout)1800 (observed strike)2500 (map predicted fire)

503

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 3 - 5

8 Light Mortar 51 mm HESmokeIlluminating

800 Normal rate of fire 6 bombsper min, Rapid 12 bombs

9 81 mm Mortar 81 mm HE andSmokeIlluminating

5,675

4800

Normal rate 12 bombs per min

10 Grenade L2A2 25-35 Thrown11 Browning MG .50 in 1200 (anti-IAV)

1850 (anti-personnel)12 Grenade No 84 (RP) 25-35 Thrown13 MILAN (MRATGW) 1950

400 (minimum planningrange)

ToF for 1950m13 secs2-4 msl/min

14 Rocket System94 mm HEAT (LAW)

500300 battle range

503

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 3 - 6

AIRCRAFT

SerHelicopters/

Aircraft

Armament(Max qtyper ac)

WeaponRange

(m)

Max Tps(Full eqpt,light order)

CasualtiesStretchers

(sitting)Speed

1 Lynx ITOW/FITOW (8)GPMG

3,750

1100

9 120

2 Gazelle Recce 3 1203 AH

(WAH-64)HELLFIRE (16)Rockets (76)30mm (1200)ATAM (TBC)

500-8000100-60000-4500(TBC)

140(approx)

3.5 km/min

4 Wessex Tp Carry (NI andCyprus)

8,10 8 (3)

5 Puma (GPMG) 1100,1800

12,16 6 (4) 120 (90)

6 Chinook (GPMG) 1100,1800

40 24 135 (95)

7 Sea King SH 16,27 6 (6) 100

503

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 3 - 7

8 Islander AL1 Photo recce/liaison 89 Hercules

(Stretched)Transport 70,92

92,12870

(97)290

SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS - PASSIVE DEVICES (1)

Ser Equipment Recognition Range(m) (2)

Scale Remarks

1 TI TOGSChallenger

LOS beyond 3,500 1 per MBT Detection to 3500mIdentification to 1500m.

2 TI SightStriker

LOS beyond 4,000 1 per AFV Separated TI sight to be issuedto Striker.

3 TI Milan (MIRA) LOS beyond 1,990 1 per firing post4 TI OTIS LOS beyond 3,500 1 per FOO pty. 1 per

close/ Armd recce sect5 TI Spyglass LOS beyond 2,000 1 per inf recce sect

1 per MFC pty

503

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 3 - 8

6 II Wpn Sight forScimitar, Fox and Sabre

Tk 1,200Man 500

1 per AFV Has dual fields of view(150 mils and 500 mils)

7 Raven, II Wpn Sight forWarrior

Over 1,000 1 per AFV

8 OspreyTI day/night sight for OPV(Warrior)

Over 3,000 1 II day/night sight(Raven) and1 TI day/night sight(Osprey) per OPV

Can be dismounted and used ona tripod

9 II Viewer for Spartan andStriker

Tank 600Man 300

1 per AFV Can be dismounted and used ona tripod.

10 II Swap Sight Tank 1,200 1 per WRChieftain/Challenger

11 CWS Tank 600Man 300

Various Battery life approx 40 hrs.

12 Lynx – TI TOW LOS beyond 3,500 1 per Lynx Mk 7 Detect to 3,500 mIdentify to 1,500 m

503

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 3 - 9

13 AHFLIRDaylight TVDirect View OpticsFire Control RadarRadar FrequencyInterferometer

Condition dependant““

In excess of 8,000 mIn excess of threatradar

All aircraftMagnification x 36Magnification x 126Magnification x 17.8

Notes:

(1) Ranges and scale of issue are only a guide. Except where otherwise stated, the ranges given are for optimum conditions.(2) The ranges quoted to Image Intensifiers (II) refer to clear start conditions. Performance is degraded by smoke, mist or byrain. However, range performance improves considerably as the ambient level increases. Hence an increase in use of flaresand movement lights to give increased general battlefield illumination is desirable.

503

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 3 - 10

SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS - ACTIVE DEVICES (1)

Ser Equipment Range (m) Scale Purpose/Remarks

1MSTAR GSNo 22 Mk 2

Vehicle 24,000Man 3,000Fall of shot 6,000(Moving targets)

1 per FOO party3 per cdo

To detect and locate moving targets andobserve fall of shotPulse Doppler RadarAUW 46.85 kg

2 IRIS Fence distance upto 800 from OP

9 per armd inf bn7 per inf bn

200 m IR fence with wire data link

3 Laser TargetMarker

Designator totarget 6,000Target to aircraft10,000

Some med recce sqns,FOO ptys, SAS andBALOs

Man-portable equipment for CASAlso has range finding capability out to10,000 m. For use with OTIS

4 Hand held flare 300Illumination diameter 300 m.Burns for approximately 25 secs.

503

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 3 - 11

551 mm LightMortar Illuminatingbomb

800

18 bombs per mortar Illumination diameter 700-800 m. Burns for30 secs. Rds/gun and bombs/mortar willvary according to composition of first linescales of ammo.

6 81 mm MortarIlluminating bomb

4800

Armd inf bn: 8 per mortarInf bn: 4 per mortar

Illumination diameter 400 m. Burns for 40secs.

7 Lt Gun (105 mm)Illuminating round

15,000 10 rounds per gun Illumination diameter 350 m. Burns for 30secs.

8 AS90 (155 mm)Illuminating round

19,500 10 rounds per gun Illumination diameter 1000 mBurns for 65 secs.

9 FH70 (155 mm)Illuminating round

19,500 10 rounds per gun Illumination diameter 1000 m Burns for 65secs

503

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 3 - 12

10 Movement Lights 10,000

2 tps RE(V) of 4 searchlights in each TA ARRC-roled engr regt

Supplement ambient light to intensity of fullmoon on clear night by indirect areaillumination.Provide surprise illumination ofenemy attacks.Degrade en night surveillance devices.Can cover 10 x 7.5 km and3 areas of 10 x 2.5 km.

504

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 4 - 1

LAW OF ARMED CONFLICT

GENERAL

1. This is an aide memoire and not an authority.Personnel should consult JSP 381 where issued (normallyon mobilisation to all persons who may have prisoners ofwar in their charge, or who may fall into the hands of theenemy). Commanders will normally require more detailedinformation than can be included here and should alsorefer to the LCH and "A Soldier's Guide to the Law ofArmed Conflict" (AC 71130).

2. All individuals, irrespective of rank are required tocomply in full with the Law of Armed Conflict.Commanders have additional responsibilities in that theyare required to give appropriate guidance, direction andtraining. Commanders are strongly advised to referdifficult and contentious issues to formation level forspecific legal advice.

COMBATANT STATUS

3. Combatants are defined as:

� Members of organised armed forces.� Members of other militias, volunteer forces or

organised resistance forces.� Members of a “levee en masse”; (civilians that

spontaneously take up arms).

4. Other categories are:

� Guerrillas and Commandos are normallyidentified by their uniform, or distinctive dress,but may also be distinguished by their opencarriage of weapons.

� Spies . Those acting clandestinely do not havePW status. Uniformed military personnel behindenemy lines are not spies.

� Mercenaries . Neither combatants, nor entitledto PW status.

504

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 4 - 2

� Military Non Combatants . Medical personnel,chaplains and civilians accompanying militarypersonnel.

� Civilians . All others not defined above.

RULES OF COMBAT

5. Protection of Combatants . Do Not:

� Kill or wound an enemy by treachery.� Kill or wound personnel who have laid down

arms or are without means of defence.� Declare that no quarter will be given.� Make improper use of a flag of truce, the

enemy’s national flag or Red Cross, or likeemblems.

� Use poison or poisoned weapons.

6. Protection of Civilians . Do Not:

� Attack the civilian population, individual civiliansor civilian objectives.

� Compel enemy nationals to act against their owncountry.

� Attack or bombard undefended towns or villages.� Commit pillage.� Carry out reprisals against unprotected persons

or property.� Starve civilians as a means as warfare.� Attack or destroy civilian vital stocks e.g.

foodstuffs, water, crops etc.� Use methods of warfare that will cause

widespread or long term damage to the naturalenvironment.

� Attack dykes, nuclear power stations or dams.� Carry out an indiscriminate attack.

7. Protection of Property :

a. Do not destroy or requisition enemy propertyunless necessary for military reasons.

504

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 5 - 4 - 3

b. Try to avoid damage to religious buildings, orthose with special cultural significance, e.g. for use bythe arts, science or for charitable purposes; historicmonuments, works of art and hospitals.

8. Protective Emblems . These include:

� “PW” or “PG”, painted on buildings.� Red Cross or Red Crescent.� White flag - indicates intention to enter into

negotiation, not necessarily to surrender.� Oblique red bands on white backgrounds

indicates hospitals and safety zones.� Three bright orange circles denote dykes,

nuclear power stations or dams.� Bright orange square with blue triangle denotes

Civil Defence organisations.� Blue and white shield denotes protected cultural

property.

9. Reprisals . Permitted to counter unlawful acts only if:

a. Intended to secure legitimate warfare and thenonly when all the following criteria are met:

� Prior warning is given.� In proportion to the original violation.� Must cease when the violation ceases.� Approval must be sought from the Chain of

Command.

b. Reprisals are prohibited against the following inall circumstances; PWs, wounded, sick, shipwrecked,medical and religious persons, buildings andequipment, cultural objects and the naturalenvironment.

10. Non Hostile Relations with the Enemy . Any officerhas the legal right to arrange a temporary cease-fire for aspecific and limited purpose. It is to be reported up thechain of command.

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11. Protective Zones . These are areas from which allforms of combat activity are normally excluded. Theyinclude; hospitals, safety, neutralised and demilitarisedzones.

12. Prohibited Weapons . The use of unauthorised, orillegally modified weapons is prohibited. The following arespecifically prohibited by law in international armedconflict; explosive or inflammable bullets for use againstpersonnel, dum-dum bullets, poison or poisoned weapons;arms, projectiles or material intended to cause excessiveinjury; first use of chemical weapons, bacteriologicalweapons; and weapons, other than nuclear, intended orexpected to cause widespread, long term and severedamage to natural environment.

GENERAL RULES

Do:Comply with military discipline and the Rules Of WarRespect Protective EmblemsTreat all personnel humanelyCollect and care for all wounded, including

Do Not :Cause more damage or injury than is necessary.Steal enemy property for personal gain.Use poison, modify weapons or ammunition.

Do Not Attack :Civilians not engaged in combatMedical personnel or chaplainsThose protected by flag of truceHospitals, medical centres or medical transportDisabled or surrendered enemyCivilian buildings and property of no militarysignificance.

If Captured :You are required to give: Number, Rank, Full Namesand Date of Birth - BUT NOTHING ELSE .

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STATES OF COMMAND

FULLCOMD

OPCOM OPCON TACOM TACON UC ADMINUC ADMIN

LESSUCDM

Assign separateemployment of componentsof units/formations

X X

Assign Missions X X X

Assign Tasks X X X X

Delegate Equal Comd/ConStatus

X X(6) X(6) X(6)

Delegate Lower Comd/ConStatus X X X X

Coord of Local Mov, RealEstate and Area Def

X X X X X

Provide CSS X X X X

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Notes:

1. States of command and control will always be qualified by the DTG at which they begin. The DTG at which they endshould also be specified if known.

2. A commander assigned forces under FULL COMD or OPCOM may employ those forces for any purpose. Forcesassigned under OPCON may only be employed within certain constraints, such as function, time or location, imposed by thehigher authority which assigns the forces.

3. A commander assigned forces under TACOM may allocate tasks to those forces, but only in accordance with themission given to him by the higher authority which assigns the forces.

4. CSS responsibility will be specified for each operational relationship assigned.

5. Mission is defined in AAP-6 as: “A clear, concise statement of the task of the command and its purpose”.

6. Only with agreement of comd holding higher level of comd status. Note this is greater authority than that defined inAAP 6.

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DEFINITIONS

1. Full Command (FULL COMD)

The military authority of a superior officer to issue orders tosubordinates. It covers every aspect of operations andadministration and exists only within national services.The term command, as used internationally, implies alesser degree of authority than when it is used in a purelynational sense. It follows that no NATO commander hasfull command over the forces that are assigned to him.This is because nations, in assigning forces to NATO,assign only operational command, or operational control.

2. Operational Command (OPCOM)

The authority granted to a commander to assign missionsor tasks to subordinate commanders, to deploy units, to re-assign forces and to retain or delegate operational and/ortactical control as may be deemed necessary. It does notof itself include responsibility for administration or logistics.May also be used to denote the forces assigned to acommander.

3. Operational Control (OPCON)

The authority delegated to a commander to direct forcesassigned so that the commander may accomplish missionsor tasks which are usually limited by function, time orlocation; to deploy units concerned, and to retain or assigntactical control of those units. It does not include authorityto assign separate employment of components of the unitsconcerned. Neither does it, of itself, include administrationor logistic control.

4. Tactical Command (TACOM)

The authority delegated to a commander to assign tasks toforces under his command for the accomplishment of themission assigned by higher authority.

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5. Tactical Control (TACON)

The detailed and usually local direction and control ofmovement and manoeuvres necessary to accomplishmissions or tasks assigned.

6. Under Control For Administration (UC ADMIN)

This implies complete transfer of administrative/logisticcommand – i.e. all services, medical and personnelmatters. It includes responsibility for G1 matters.

7. UC ADMIN (With Caveats)

When the temporary nature of the command makes itunnecessary to effect a complete change of administrativecommand, a formation or unit may be placed undercommand for certain specific matters, or for administrationless certain administrative matters.

8. Under Command For Daily Maintenance (UCDM)

This state of administrative/logistic command leaves theoriginal parent formation or unit HQ with full responsibilityfor all administration less daily maintenance. Thecommander responsible for daily maintenance isresponsible only for daily replenishment of combatsupplies, evacuation of casualties, the provision ofcommon user supply items, and the repair and recovery ofequipment.

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TACTICAL TERMINOLOGY

abortTo terminate a mission for any reason other than enemy action. Itmay occur at any point after the beginning of the mission and priorto its completion.

advance to contactAn offensive operation designed to gain or re-establish contact withthe enemy.

ambushA surprise attack by fire from concealed positions on a moving ortemporarily halted enemy.

area defenceArea Defence focuses on the retention of terrain by absorbing theenemy into a framework of static and mutually supporting positionsfrom which he can be largely destroyed by fire. The emphasis is onretention of terrain or its denial to the enemy for a specified time.

assault1. The climax of an attack; closing with the enemy in hand-to-handfighting.2. A short, violent, but well-ordered attack against a localobjective, such as a gun emplacement, a fort or a machine gunnest.

attackAttack is a general all embracing term to describe offensiveoperations and therefore care should be taken in its use. In mostcases it is the appropriate verb to describe divisional or corpsoperations. For brigades and units, where a more specific wordexists, this should be used. For example, a division could beordered to attack but subordinate brigades might advance tocontact and subordinate battlegroups may be ordered to seize,secure or penetrate to an objective.

attack by fireFire employed to destroy the enemy from a distance, which isnormally used when the mission does not dictate or supportoccupation of the objective.

blockDeny enemy access to a given area, or to prevent his advance in aparticular direction.

boundIn land warfare, a single movement, usually from cover to cover,made by troops often under enemy fire.

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breachA tactical task in which any means available are employed to breakthrough or secure a passage through an enemy defence, obstacle,minefield, or fortification.

bypassA tactical task that involves manoeuvring around an obstacle,position, or enemy force to maintain the momentum of advance.

canaliseA tactical task used to restrict operations to a narrow zone by theuse of obstacles, fire, or unit manoeuvring or positioning.

clearClear of enemy direct fire; keep clear until handed over to anotherformation or unit.

clear enemy in zoneA tactical task to eliminate organised resistance in an assignedzone by destroying, capturing, or forcing the withdrawal of allenemy forces that could interfere with the unit’s ability toaccomplish its mission.

containTo stop, hold, or surround the forces of the enemy or to cause theenemy to centre his activity on a given front and to prevent hiswithdrawing any part of his forces for use elsewhere.

controlThat authority exercised by a commander over part of the activitiesof a subordinate organisation, or other organisations not normallyunder his command, which encompasses the responsibility forimplementing orders or directives. All or part of this authority maybe transferred or delegated.

counter-attackAttack by a part or all of a defending force against an enemyattacking force, for such specific purposes as regaining ground lostor cutting off or destroying enemy advance units, and with thegeneral objective of denying to he enemy the attainment of hispurpose in attacking. In sustained defensive operations, it isundertaken to restore the battle position and is directed at limitedobjectives.

coverThe action by land, air, or sea forces to protect by offence, defence,or threat of either or both. AAP-6

decision point (DP)In IPB, a point in time and space at which the commander mustmake a decision if he is to influence the operation in a particular

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target area of interest (TAI). DPs, which are linked to particularTAIs, must be offset from the point where the action has to takeplace in order to allow sufficient lead time for the action to beinitiated.

defeatTo diminish the effectiveness of the enemy, to the extent that he iseither unable to participate in combat or at least cannot fulfil hisintention.

delayAn operation in which a force under pressure trades space for timeby slowing down the enemy’s momentum and inflicting maximumdamage on the enemy without, in principle, becoming decisivelyengaged.

deliberate attackA type of offensive action characterised by pre-planned co-ordinated employment of fire power and manoeuvre to close withand destroy or capture the enemy.

deliberate breachingThe creation of a lane through a minefield or a clear route through abarrier or fortification, which is systematically planned and carriedout.

deliberate crossingThe crossing of an inland water obstacle that requires extensiveplanning and detailed preparations.

deliberate defenceA defence normally organised when out of contact with the enemyor when contact with the enemy is not imminent and time fororganisation is available. It normally includes an extensive fortifiedzone incorporating pillboxes, forts and communications systems.

demolition guardA local force positioned to ensure that a target is not captured by anenemy before orders are given for its demolition and before thedemolition has been unsuccessfully fired. The commander of thedemolition guard is responsible for the operational command of alltroops at the demolition site, including the demolition firing party.He is responsible for transmitting the order to fire to the demolitionfiring party.

demonstrationAn attack of show of force on a front where a decision is notsought, made with the aim of deceiving the enemy.

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denyTo prevent access by physical presence, blocking, disruption,dislocation and/or fire.

destroyTo kill or so damage an enemy force that it is rendered useless.

diversionThe act of drawing the attention and forces of an enemy from thepoint of the principal operation; an attack, or alarm, or feint whichdiverts attention.

engageIn air defence, a fire control order used to direct or authorise unitsand/or weapon systems to fire on a designated target.

escortA combatant unit(s) assigned to accompany and protect anotherforce or convoy.

exploitation1. Taking full advantage of success in battle and following upinitial gains.2. Taking full advantage of any information that has come to handfor tactical or strategic purposes.3. An offensive operation that usually follows a successful attackand is designed to disorganise the enemy in depth.

extractionIn operations, urgent removal of an individual or a group ofindividuals or materiel from a threat.

feintThe purpose of a feint is to distract the action of an enemy force byseeking contact with it.findSpans locating, identifying and assessing.

fixTo deny the enemy his goals and to distract him, thus depriving himof freedom of action, in order to gain us freedom of action.

flank guardA security element operating to the flank of a moving or stationaryforce to protect it from enemy ground observation, direct fire, andsurprise attack.

guardA security element whose primary task is to protect the main forceby fighting to gain time, while observing and reporting information.

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hasty attackIn land operations, an attack in which preparation time is traded forspeed in order to exploit an opportunity.

hasty breachingThe rapid creation of a route through a minefield, barrier orfortification by any expedient method.

hasty crossingThe crossing of an inland water obstacle using the crossing meansat hand or those readily available, and made without pausing forelaborate preparations. AAP-6

hasty defenceA defence normally organised while in contact with the enemy orwhen contact is imminent and time available for the organisation islimited. It is characterised by improvement of the natural defensivestrength of the terrain by utilisation of foxholes, emplacements, andobstacles.

hold1. To maintain or retain possession of by force, as a position or anarea.2. In an attack, to exert sufficient pressure to prevent movement orre-disposition of enemy forces.

in supportAn expression used to denote the task of providing artillerysupporting fire to a formation or unit. Liaison and observation arenot normally provided.

infiltrationA technique and process in which a force moves as individuals orsmall groups over, through or around enemy positions withoutdetection.

interdict (interdiction)Actions to divert, disrupt, delay, or destroy the enemy before he canaffect friendly forces.

intermediate objectiveIn land warfare, an area or feature between the line of departureand an objective which must be seized and/or held.

isolateA tactical task given to a unit to seal off, both physically andpsychologically, an enemy from his sources of support, deny himfreedom of movement, and prevent his unit from having contactwith other enemy forces. An enemy must not be allowed sanctuarywithin his present position.

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killing area (KA)An area in which a commander plans to force the enemy toconcentrate, so as to destroy him with conventional or tacticalnuclear weapons.

main effort1. A concentration of forces or means, in a particular area, wherea commander seeks to bring about a decision.2. The Main Effort is expressed as the activity which thecommander considers crucial to the success of his mission at thattime.

manoeuvreEmployment of forces on the battlefield through movement incombination with fire, or fire potential, to achieve a position ofadvantage in respect to the enemy in order to accomplish themission.

mobile defenceMobile defence focuses on the defeat of the attacking force bypermitting it to advance to a position which exposes it to counterattack and envelopment by a mobile striking force. The emphasisis on destroying the enemy rather than retaining or retaking ground.

mopping upThe liquidation of remnants of enemy resistance in an area that hasbeen surrounded or isolated, or through which other units havepassed without eliminating all active resistance.

mutual supportThat support which units render each other against an enemy,because of their assigned tasks, their position relative to each otherand to the enemy, and their inherent capabilities.

objectiveThe physical object of the action taken, e.g. a definite tacticalfeature, the seizure and/or holding of which is essential to thecommander’s plan.

objective areaA defined geographical area within which is located an objective tobe captured or reached by the military forces. This area is definedby competent authority for purposes of command and control.

occupyTo gain possession of and maintain control over a place or regionby military action.

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patrolA detachment of ground, sea, or air forces sent out for the purposeof gathering information or carrying out a destructive, harassing,mopping up, or security mission.

penetrationIn land operations, a form of offensive which seeks to breakthrough the enemy’s defence and disrupt the defensive system.

protectionProtection preserves the fighting potential of a force so that it canbe applied at a decisive time and place.

pursuitAn offensive operation designed to catch or cut off a hostile forceattempting to escape, with the aim of destroying it.

raidAn operation, usually on a small scale, involving a swift penetrationof hostile territory to secure information, confuse the enemy, ordestroy his installations. It ends with a planned withdrawal uponcompletion of the assigned mission.

reconnaissanceA mission undertaken to obtain, by visual observation or otherdetection methods, information about the activities and resources ofan enemy or potential enemy, or to secure data concerning themeteorological, hydrographic, or geographic characteristics of aparticular area.

reconnaissance by fireA method of reconnaissance in which fire is placed on a suspectedenemy position to cause the enemy to disclose his presence bymovement or return of fire.

reconnaissance in forceAn offensive operation designed to discover and/or test theenemy’s strength or to obtain other information.

reconnaissance patrolFor ground forces, a patrol used to gain tactical informationpreferably without the knowledge of the enemy.

recoveryIn operations, contacting, protecting and removal of personneland/or materiel.

reinforcingIn artillery usage, a tactical mission in which one artillery unitaugments the fire of another artillery unit.

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relief in placeAn operation in which, by direction of higher authority, all or part ofa unit is replaced in an area by the incoming unit. Theresponsibilities of the replaced elements for the mission and theassigned zone of operations are transferred to the incoming unit.The incoming unit continues the operationas ordered.

retainA tactical task to occupy and hold a terrain feature to ensure it isfree of enemy occupation or use.

ruptureTo create a gap in enemy defensive positions quickly.

screenA security element whose primary task is to observe, identify andreport information, and which only fights in self-protection.

secureIn an operational context, to gain possession of a position or terrainfeature, with or without force, and to make such disposition as willprevent, as far as possible, its destruction or loss by enemy action.

seizeGain possession of a position or terrain, normally by force.spoiling attackA tactical manoeuvre employed to impair seriously a hostile attackwhile the enemy is in the process of forming up or assembling foran attack.

strike1. Using the freedom of action provided by fixing the enemy, tomanoeuvre and hit him unexpectedly, or in superior force, at thepoint selected in order to defeat him.2. An attack which is intended to inflict damage on, seize, ordestroy an objective.

supportThe action of a force, or portion thereof, which aids, protects,complements, or sustains any other force.

vital groundGround of such importance that it must be retained or controlled forthe success of the mission.

withdrawDisengage from the enemy either in or out of contact with theenemy.

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 6 - 1

SPECIAL TO ROLE INFORMATION

This Section is available for the development of specialinserts by any competent authority. The aim is to allow adegree of "tailoring" to enhance the utility of this publicationin a particular role, theatre, arm or discipline.

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STANDING OPERATING PROCEDURES(SOPs)

CONTENTS

Title SOP PageAir Operations 701 7-1-1All Arms Air Defence 702 7-2-1Battlefield Discipline 703 7-3-1Casualty Evacuation (CASEVAC) 704 7-4-1Challenging and Passwords 705 7-5-1Communications 706 7-6-1Contact and Co-ordinating Points 707 7-7-1Counter Surveillance 708 7-8-1Deception 709 7-9-1Demolitions 710 7-10-1Documentation 711 7-11-1Emergency Alarms 712 7-12-1Emergency War Burial 713 7-13-1Equipment Denial 714 7-14-1Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) 715 7-15-1Fire Support Co-ordination Measures 716 7-16-1Handover/Takeover of Obstacles 717 7-17-1Harbours and Hides 718 7-18-1Liaison 719 7-19-1Media Operations 720 7-20-1Mine Warfare 721 7-21-1NBC Defence 722 7-22-1Operational Security (OPSEC) 723 7-23-1Patrols 724 7-24-1Prisoners of War (PW), CapturedEnemy Documents (CED)and Captured Enemy Equipment(CEE)

725 7-25-1

Protection Measures/Local Alert States

726 7-26-1

Refugees 727 7-27-1Regrouping 728 7-28-1Relief in Place 729 7-29-1Replenishment 730 7-30-1Road Movement 731 7-31-1Security Incident Reporting 732 7-32-1

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AIR OPERATIONS

AIR SUPPORT

1. Offensive Air Support (OAS) . Unlikely to beavailable instantly. Normally allocated at formation levelonly. Certain aircraft (e.g. HARRIER and A10) may beavailable for CAS operations within 30 mins. To task useAIRREQ to formation. See also related formats in LCH.

HELICOPTER SUPPORT

2. Helicopter support is co-ordinated at formation level,but may be allocated to unit level for specific operations ortasks. To task helicopters, submit HELQUEST toformation.

AIRMOBILE OPERATIONS

3. Units or sub units may be regrouped to an airmobileformation as reinforcements, or to carry out a specificoperation. This following basic data is provided to enablecommanders to plan movement of sub units. See alsoLCH which contains comprehensive details of airmobileoperations.

4. Follow normal regrouping procedures. Any additionalSOPs or special instructions should be provided by theairmobile formation.

5. Planning Data . (Troops in fighting order withbergans). See also TAM Part 2 for details of Emplaningand Seating Plans, TAM Part 1 for details of Marshallingand HLS Layout.

a. PUMA. Each aircraft:12 troops (plus two heavy loads)or 2 MILAN detachments.

Radius of action/max flying time – 175km/95 mins.

b. CHINOOK. Each aircraft:42 troops

Radius of action/max flying time – 250km/135 min.

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c. LYNX. Each aircraft:9 troops

d. GAZELLE . Each aircraft3 troops (at light scales only)

6. Additional Ground Tactical Planning Factors :

AD Locations GroundAir photos LogisticsAirspace Control/Routes MapsCAP Outline TimingsCommand and Control PUPsCommunications Recce requirementsContingency Plans SituationDOPs WCOs to AD unitsFlight timings Weather

7. Additional Factors for Air Movement Plan :

Action on ground/air contactAircrew briefingDowned aircraft procedures/RVsFire support/CAPFlight routesFlight tactical/air commanderRefuel/CASEVACSH availabilityWeather

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ALL ARMS AIR DEFENCE

1. There are 2 types of AAAD measure:

a. Passive . All measures, other than activedefence, taken to minimise the effects of hostile airaction. These include the use of cover, concealmentand camouflage , dispersion and protection.

b. Active . Direct defensive action taken to destroyor reduce the effectiveness of an enemy air attack.This includes engaging aircraft with any weaponavailable for AAAD, from personal weapons to tankguns and ATGW. Orders for each weapon should laydown the priority given to AAAD.

AIR SENTRIES

2. Ideally, each sub unit should have at least 2 men fullytrained in AAAD techniques to train and supervise airsentries. Orders for air sentries are in TAM Part 1.

3. Air sentries may be given a secondary ground role.Where the air threat is particularly significant, thecommander may decide to employ additional weapons forair defence.

WEAPON CONTROL ORDERS

4. AAAD fire is ordered by the local ground commanderusing Weapon Control Status (WCS). The only ones likelyto apply for AAAD are:

a. Weapons Hold . Weapons may be fired only inself-defence, or in response to a fire control order(see para 7 below).

b. Weapons Tight . Weapons may be fired only ataircraft identified as hostile or committing a hostileact.

5. A WCO can be applied to all weapon systems, andmay be limited by geographic area or types of aircraft, e.g.

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Weapons Tight Helicopters (weapons may be fired only athelicopters identified as hostile).

Note: A commander may only impose the same or amore restrictive WCS than that ordered by a superiorcommander. Therefore a local commander cannotorder WCS WEAPONS TIGHT if his superiorcommander has ordered WCS WEAPONS HOLD.

SELF DEFENCE

6. Rules of Engagement and WCS do not normally denythe right of self defence (i.e. shooting at an attackingaircraft). However a commander may, at his owndiscretion and as a passive AD measure, order that fire isnot to be opened under any circumstances. Thisrestriction will normally be imposed and lifted by a localcode-word.

AIR RAID WARNINGS

7. Air Raid Warnings (ARWs) are an indication of theprobability of an air attack within a specific area. There are3 levels of ARW:

a. ARW Red . Attack by hostile ac is imminent orin progress.

b. ARW Yellow . Attack by hostile ac is probable.

c. ARW White . Attack by hostile ac is unlikely.

ALARMS

9. See Emergency Alarms (this Section).

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BATTLEFIELD DISCIPLINE

BATTLE PREPARATION

Vehicle ChecksCamouflageTrack disciplineTracks tightStowageInternal water tankBoresightIFC checksBattle levels

Battle linksHull breathingFirst paradeTraverse freeMRSElipse visibleCommander’s sight

Personal Camouflage Concealment

Helmet scrimmedExposed skin camClothing and equipmentWeapons and equipmentusableMaintenance of camUse of shadow

Fire positionsObservationCoverTrench dimensionsObservation of arcsEngagement of enemyTrack disciplineHide drills/discipline

Weapons Clothing and Equipment

CarriageCorrect ammo scalesPrepared and loadedSightsOptical sights checkedServiceable and cleanGPMG settings/balanceAncillaries and cleaning kitSecurity and Daily checks

Correct dressWebbing fits properlyAmmo readily availableEquipment packedcorrectly and noiselessItems carried as per SOPAncillary equipmentsecure

Signals NBC

Equipment serviceabilityBattery state, sparesFrequencies, address gpsCallsign knownCorrect signalsinstructionsSecurity and carriageRadios properly mannedUse of BATCO and SOCs

Clothing and equipmentKnowledge of NBCsituationRespirators checkedImmediate action anddecontamination drillsNBC sentriesNuclear observer

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TACTICAL SKILLS

General VehiclesAlert and aware of tacticalsituationKnow location of comdRelaying of field signalsMaintaining visual contactPassage of informationFire discipline: Arcs of fire, Orders Authority for opening fire STAP Range cards Priority of targets Controlled rates of fire Ammunition conservationJudging distanceTarget indicationLoc of next superior HQ

Routes to next position(area)TimingsOrdersRecce detailsReplen detailsRepair detailsLocation of REME LAD

SECURITY

Control and use of: Light Cooking Smoking Bodily functions TalkCOMSECNoise levelsAlarm Schemes

Location and duties ofsentriesChallenging procedureTrack planControl of refuseSecurity of weapons andequipmentPassword

ADMINISTRATION

Hygiene MedicalWashing and shaveCleanliness of clothingBoots cleaned and driedAttention to ailmentsAttention to feetFeeding utensils cleanWater sterilised andavailableProper use of latrinesFitness, Organised restRegular bowel movements

Medical stores availableFirst aid skillsUse of medical facilitiesCasualty procedures

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CASUALTY EVACUATION

1. Field Dressing . Carry in:

a. Top right hand pocket of combat jacket.

b. Front pocket of NBC smock when worn.

2. CASEVAC System

Movement Location Treatment

Point of NearestInjury Soldier

Sub UnitSqn/Coy RMA

APUnit

RAP RMO/Med Sect

Fd AmbDS Fd Amb

Amb Sqn MORLC

3. CASEVAC is normally the responsibility of themedical unit to which the casualties are being evacuated.Therefore the RAP evacuates from sub unit AP; the FieldAmbulance from the RAPs.

4. Units and sub units without organic APs evacuatecasualties to the nearest medical facility. This may meanCASEVAC forward.

5. Weapons and Equipment . Remove non-personalG1098 equipment (compass, binos etc) before CASEVAC.The casualty retains personal G1098 equipment (weapon,webbing etc) as far as the DS.

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CHALLENGING AND PASSWORDS

Ser Action by SentryAction by Person orGroup Challenged

1 Alerts his immediatecommander of theapproach of a person/group and coversmovement with hisweapon.

2 Waits until the person/group approaching iswithin audible range,but not so close thatthe position can berushed, and thenorders him/them tostop with thecommand‘HALT - HANDS UP ’

Halts, raises hands.

3 Orders by voice orsign for one person toapproach –‘ADVANCE ONE ’

Person or groupleader advancestowards the sentryposition.

4 Allows the unknownperson to approachclose enough forvisual recognition, orto give the challengein a quiet voice, andthen orders him tostop –‘HALT ’

Halts.

5 Gives the challengequietly , e.g.‘BRAVO BRAVO 1 ’ -if he does notrecognise the person.Only repeat ifcircumstanceswarrant, e.g. windynight.

Gives the reply, e.g.‘ECHO ECHO1 ’.

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6 Calls the remainder ofthe group forward,either as individuals: ‘ADVANCE ONE ’or altogether: ‘ADVANCE ’- as the situation or hisorders dictate.

Second unknownperson, or theremainder of thegroup, advance to berecognised by thesentry, assisted by thegroup leader whostays with the sentryuntil all have passed.

Note:

1. STANAG 2129 requires that two or more letters of theNATO phonetic alphabet must be used for challenge andreply. For the sake of clarity, both challenge and replyshould be given twice. Unless otherwise directed, bothchallenge and reply should consist of a single repeatedletter.

2. Passwords are changed every 24 hours at 1200hours ZULU (GMT) daily.

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COMMUNICATIONS

COMMUNICATIONS SECURITY

1. Full details of all current communications proceduresare contained in the Land Tactical CommunicationsHandbook. These are mandatory.

2. Always be brief and use radio as little as possible.Alternate means include:

� Verbal orders and briefings� Trunk communications� Use of Messengers and LOs� Telephone/land line.� Data Entry Devices (DEDs).

3. BATCO must be used for all classified or sensitiveinformation up to and including CONFIDENTIAL. SECRETand above must only be communicated on systems whichprovide the appropriate level of security.

4. Classified or sensitive information should be sent inclear only in exceptional circumstances. UNCLASSIFIEDtactical messages may be sent in clear within a protectedarea at the discretion of the local commander.

If in doubt, use code!

5. Radio Silence . Radio silence (see Counter-Surveillance Measures – this Section) may only beimposed and lifted by the control station. They may beimposed or lifted selectively. During radio silence radiosare to be kept on standby and manned unless otherwiseordered. Under Measure A2, any station may break radiosilence using the correct procedures if the operationalsituation justifies it. Radio silence is automatically re-imposed once the message has been sent. Radio silencemay not be broken in any circumstances when MeasureA1 is in force.

6. Security of Information. Use standard procedures.Normally encode all information which may assist theenemy. Enemy locations may be sent in clear only in

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Contact Reports (i.e. after an exchange of fire has takenplace). The requirement to maintain security musthowever be balanced against the need for tempo and thethreat.

7. Relaxation . A commander may order a relaxation incommunications procedures during immediate operationswhere there is obvious benefit in doing so. This must bethe exception, rather than the rule. If in doubt, seekguidance from a superior commander. Normal securitymeasures and procedures must be reinstated as soon aspractical.

8. Reports and Returns (R2) . Only authorised reportsand returns are to be used and the associated proceduresare mandatory. Their use should be restricted to minimumessential information only. Wherever possible R2 shouldbe sent by data and/or using nets not required for urgentoperational traffic.

9. NODUF or “Real” Messages . Maintain correctsecurity, including the use of codes. Personal informationsuch as casualties, compassionate cases and disciplinarymatters must always be handled with appropriatesensitivity and security.

10. General Rules :

� Use authorised frequencies only. Change usingthe correct procedures when required.

� Use minimum transmitter power and antennaheight to maintain communications.

� Site antennae tactically to impede enemy EW.� Release the pressel switch during natural

pauses in long messages. Single transmissionsare not to exceed 20 secs. Always endtransmissions with 'OUT' where appropriate.

COMMUNICATIONS ELECTRONIC INSTRUCTIONS

11. Unit level Communications Electronic Instructions(CEIs) are required to conform to the following format:

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CEI FORMAT

Serial No EMCONDate A B C D E F

12BATCO

Edition 3Page NoStart Pt

VHF FREQUENCIESNo Net

0001-1159Z NIS 1200-2359Z NIS

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DIAGRAM

Sub Unit CI C/S Comd Alt Admin Data

COLLECTIVE CALLS

CC1

CC2

CC3

CC4

CC5

CC6

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PASSWORDS

From To Bigram Bigram

HF FreqsNo Net

Freq AE(M) NIS

UHF FreqsNo Net

Freq NIS

Fmn/UnitAddress

Gp NIS

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TIMED FREQUENCY CHANGING PLAN

0115

1627

2835

3641

4251

5260

0001 1200

0100 1300

0200 1400

0300 1500

0400 1600

0500 1700

0600 1800

0700 1900

0800 2000

0900 2100

1000 2200

1100 2300

RADIATION

TIMINGS

DESTRUCTION

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

DISTRIBUTION

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CONTACT AND CO-ORDINATING POINTS

1. Contact Point . A ����� �� ��� ����� ��� ���������� �� ���� ��� � ��� ����� � ������ �� ����������

2. Co-ordinating Point . A d�������� ����� � �������� ����� �� ������ ������ �������������� ������� ������ �� ������� �� ����� �� ������������

3. Selection . Initially specified in the operation order.Thereafter as commanders see fit.

CONTACT POINT

4. Composition .

a. Manned by a detachment from the formationnearest to the boundary, but also reportinginformation direct to the unit nearest the boundary.

b. A vehicle mounted detachment of not less than 3all ranks - one of which should be an officer.The detachment is to have communications to itsparent formation.

c. In the case of different nations manning acontact point, the working language should beEnglish.

d. As far as possible, the same individuals shouldbe assigned to the task and not constantly changed.

4. Establishing . Before establishing a contact pointthe following information must be known by both parties:

a. 6 fig grid of the point plus a description of thelocation.

b. Time at which the point is to be manned.

c. Description of the other detachment manning thepoint (e.g. strength, type and number of vehiclesexpected and any distinguishing marks/signs).

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d. Route the detachment will approach from.

e. Information to be passed.

COORDINATION POINT

5. Typically a point on the FEBA through which coveringforce troops will move back.

6. Responsibility for the provision of Liaison Officers(LOs):

a. Formation HQ is to send an LO to the co-ordination point.

b. Units conducting the withdrawal are to send LOsto the co-ordination point to collect information aboutthe move back and to check units through.

c. The unit holding ground where the co-ordinationpoint is situated is to be represented by LO or the co-ordination point commander.

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COUNTER-SURVEILLANCE

1. Counter-surveillance (C Surv) consists of:

a. Methods to be used to counter enemysurveillance (e.g. camouflage and concealment).

b. Measures by which commanders imposecontrol:

(1) Communications equipment (radio andradio relay) by the imposition of radio silenceeither on its own, or as part of electronic silence.(COMMS EMCON)

(2) Non-communications equipment (e.g.radars, lasers, navigation aids, IFF, homingbeacons, sondes, tellurometers, active IR andradio data links associated with sound rangingBUT less white light), by the imposition ofelectronic silence. (NON COMMS EMCON).

(3) White light for target acquisition.

(4) Direct and indirect fire.

(5) Vehicle lights.

(6) Noise, heat and movement by personneland vehicles.

c. Deception.

CAMOUFLAGE AND CONCEALMENT

2. See TAM Part 2.

COUNTER-SURVEILLANCE CONTROL MEASURES

3. C Surv control measures are separate and notnecessarily sequential. The imposing authority orders anappropriate mix of measures. As a general rule, thesemust either be the same as, or more restrictive thanany imposed by a higher authority.

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4. Orders . The following should be included:

a. Types of equipment or fire control involved.

b. Area in which the restrictions are imposed.

c. Measures to be applied.

d. Arrangements for delegating authority.

e. Arrangement for cross-boundary co-ordination.

f. Co-ordination with deception plans.

5. Principles of Control Measures .

a. May only be lifted by the imposing commander,or by a properly delegated authority.

b. Keep unit and flanking HQs informed by securemeans of changes in control measures.

c. Lift radio silence selectively to specific sub units,rather than to a complete net.

d. Sub units in support, under OPCON and TACON(including helicopters) conform to the STAP, and inparticular to the control measures of the supportedunit.

e. Sub unit commanders may order increases incontrol measures, but may not decrease them.

6. C Surv Control Measures are as follows:

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Measures Radio Non CommsEqpt

White LightIllum

Fire Control VehicleLights

Noise/Heat/Mov Sources

Prefix ‘A’ ‘B’ ‘C’ ‘D’ ‘E’ ‘F’1 SILENCE

IMPOSEDNotransmissions.All radios onlistening watch

Total silence.No emissions,even for testing.

No white light tobe used.Surveillance byPassive meansonly

No firing withoutpermission ofimposingcommander

No lights of anysort, incl IR (1)

Total silence. Norunning ofengines. No heatsources. No movof vehs and minmov of pers

2 Radio silencemay be lifted ifthe operationalsituation justifiesit, but revert toradio silence assoon as possible

Min essentialtesting only.Silence may bebroken forspecificengagements butmust be re-imposedimmediatelyafterwards.Lasers may beused.

Use of white lightfor emergencyengagements butMeasure 1 mustbe re-imposedafterwards

Firing only in self-defence bypersonnel/unitsunder enemydirect fire. Otherfire only onauthority of theimposingcommander.

Convoy lightsonly. No IR (2)

Minimumessential runningofengines /gene-rators. Minimumuse of heatsources andmovement ofpersonnel/vehicles (1)(2)

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3 SILENCELIFTEDNormal radiotraffic

As for Measure 2until FirstEngagement,after whichsilence is liftedfor that weaponor equipment.

Normal use All weaponssubject to normalfire control

Side and convoylights.IR only ifspecified

Normal use ofengines/generators, heat sourcesand movement ofvehicles/personnel

Notes Commandersmust specify iftrip flares are tobe set

1. Brake lightsdisconnected2. For roadmoves seeAUSOPs

1. Usuallyordered at unitlevel.2. Air bottlecharging for TImust beconsidered.

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DECEPTION

1. All deception plans must be co-ordinated andapproved by formation and unit HQs.

2. The following principles should always be observed:

a. Co-ordinate plans with flanking units.

b. Inform flanking units of plans and activation.

c. Do not deflect enemy effort towards flankingunits unless specifically ordered by formation HQ.

d. Present the same picture to all enemysurveillance systems.

e. Do not compromise real codes, locations,frequencies etc. without prior authorisation fromformation HQ.

f.No deception plan is to include use of radar or radiowithout authorisation from formation HQ.

g. Do not confuse own forces.

h. Enforce strict 'need to know' until the plan isactivated.

i. Deception plans must be credible to the enemy.

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DEMOLITIONS

1. The firing of all demolitions is controlled. The termspreliminary , preliminary (delayed) and reserved indicatethe degree of control.

2. The following terms are used:

a. Preliminary Demolition Target . A target, otherthan a reserve demolition target, which is earmarkedfor demolition and which can be executedimmediately after preparation, provided that priorauthorisation has been granted.

b. Preliminary (Delayed) Demolition Target . Apreliminary demolition target which has beenspecifically identified as forming an essential part ofthe commander's plan (usually the battlegroup/unitcommander). Its execution is directly controlled bythe commander.

c. Reserved Demolition Target . A target whichmust be controlled at a specific level of commandbecause it plays a vital part in the tactical or strategicplan, or because of the importance of the structureitself, or because the demolition may be executed inthe face of the enemy.

d. Authorised Commander . The commander whohas the authority to order the firing of a demolition.He may delegate this authority to a subordinatecommander, in which case the subordinate becomesthe authorised commander. The authorisedcommander is normally the commander of the highestformation at which obstacle planning is conducted.

3. All demolitions are controlled though issue of AFW9811 - Demolition Order (see LCH Part 1 for furtherdetails).

4. Target Numbers . All demolitions will be givenengineer target numbers. The suffix (R) denotes a reservedemolition; the suffix (D) denotes a preliminary (delayed)demolition.

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5. Codes .

a. Codewords are to be encoded if sent byinsecure means.

b. Each reserve demolition has a dedicated set ofcodewords. Each preliminary (delayed) demolitionmay have a dedicated set of codewords. Preliminarydemolitions will normally be grouped together andgiven collective codewords.

6. Timing . The authorised commander must be awareof the time needed to change the states of readiness andfire the demolition.

PRELIMINARY DEMOLITIONS

7. The lowest level authorised to fire will normally be theformation commander, but may be the unit commander.These are normally grouped together under one AFW9811, and executed by RE firing parties once authorityhas been given.

8. Firing is not automatic. The order to fire is givenverbally by radio or written message to the firing party.Codewords giving this order apply only to specific pre-determined areas.

9. The Firing Party reports the result of the demolition assoon as possible. This must be notified up the chain ofcommand.

10. Unit commanders may, with the agreement of theirformation commanders, select preliminary demolitionswhich they do not wish to have blown with the others, butretain control themselves. Normally these will bedesignated prior to contact with the enemy, but thishappen during operations if adequate firing arrangementscan be made. Selected and approved targets aredesignated 'delayed' (and target numbers are suffixed ‘D’).The unit commander then becomes the authorisedcommander for these demolitions, and individual AFsW9811 are prepared. He is responsible for the securityand final destruction of these demolitions.

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11. Responsibilities of the Authorised Commander :

a. AF W9811. He must complete and issue theAF W9811.

b. Provision of Firing Party . One firing partymay fire groups of preliminary demolitions.

c. Communications . He must ensure directcommunications are established and maintainedbetween the authorised commander and the firingparty. This may be the engineer commander, or theunit commander for preliminary (delayed) demolitions.

d. Firing the Demolition . The commander has 3options:

(1) Order firing immediately after preparation.

(2) Order firing on receipt of a codeword.

(3) Delegate the order to fire to a subordinatecommander.

RESERVE DEMOLITIONS

12. Responsibilities of the Authorised Commander :

a. AF W9811. Complete and issue the AF W9811.

b. Firing the Demolition . He has 3 options:

(1) Order the demolition to be fired on receiptof a codeword.

(2) Appoint a subordinate as the authorisedcommander.

(3) Delegate the order to fire the demolition ifthe enemy are about to capture it to thedemolition guard commander.

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c. Provision of Demolition Guard . He mustprovide a demolition guard to ensure the security ofthe reserve demolition. Size and composition musttake account of:

(1) Threat from ground and air.

(2) Ground.

(3) Whether the demolition may be blown if theenemy is in the act of capturing it.

(4) The importance of the demolition to thedefence.

d. Provision of Firing Party . There must be adedicated firing party for each reserve demolitionunless several are grouped together and fired fromthe same firing point.

e. Communications . There must be directcommunications between the authorised commanderand the demolition guard commander. A subordinatecommander delegated as the authorised commander,must not assume responsibility until he establisheshis own communications. Communications may bevia:

LO from authorised commander’s HQNormal combat net radioArtillery communications to OP or FOO with thedemolition guard commander.Extra set on authorised commander’s own netEngineer net

13. Demolition Guard Commander . Receives hisorders on AF W9811. Responsible for:

a. Command of all troops at the demolition site.

b. Protection of the demolition site.

c. Control of movement across the demolition site.

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d. Keeping authorised commander informed of thesituation.

e. On receipt of orders from the authorisedcommander, ordering the demolition firing partycommander to change State of Readiness. Thisorder must be given in writing at paragraph 10 of theAF W9811.

f. On receipt of the authorised commander’s order,ordering the demolition firing party commander to firethe demolition. This order is given in writing atparagraph 13 of AF W9811.

g. Reporting effectiveness of the demolition to theauthorised commander.

14. Demolition Firing Party Commander . Responsiblefor:

a. Maintenance of the state of readiness ordered.

b. Technical advice to the demolition guardcommander, including the time taken to change stateof readiness and fire the demolition.

c. Changing the state of readiness when ordered.

d. Firing the demolition when ordered.

e. Reporting the result of the demolition throughengineer channels.

15. Grouping and Seniority

a. Grouping . Additional to normal Recce andOrders groups, consider the inclusion of:

(1) Recce Group . Air Defence, Engineer andProvost.

(2) Orders Group . Authorised commander’sLO, other LOs and recovery detachmentcommander.

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b. Seniority . Compile a written seniority listshowing all officers, WOs and SNCOs of thedemolition guard group. Ensure all know their ownposition on it. The demolition firing party commanderwill provide the seniority list of the firing party to thedemolition guard commander and should be given acopy of the written seniority list.

16. Siting of Demolition CP/Alternate CP . In additionto considering the normal factors:

a. Collocate the demolition guard commander andthe demolition firing party commander.

b. CP should have a good view over thedemolition, but be safe from blast and debris.

c. CP should be large enough to include theauthorised commander’s LO and his communications.

17. Manning of CP . The following should always bepresent:

a. Demolition Guard commander or his deputy.

b. Demolition Firing Party commander or hisdeputy.

c. Authorised Commander’s LO.

18. Handover of Demolition . If the demolition is handedover to another guard without issue of a new AF W9811,complete paragraph 11, and hand the form to the incoming(Accepting) commander. The outgoing (Transferring)commander is given and retains a receipt. If a new AFW9811 is issued, complete paragraph 11 of the old form.The Outgoing (Transferring) commander retains the form.(See also Handover/Takeover of obstacles).

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DOCUMENTATION

1. Details of the documentation to be carried byindividuals and within detachments are included in TAMPart 1.

2. It is neither practical, nor necessary to direct preciselywhat documentation must be carried at unit and sub unitlevel. The CO should direct precisely what documentationis required, depending on the type of operation or training,the nature of the unit and its task. Basic requirementsshould be controlled through unit SOIs and specified inloading lists/battlebox contents lists etc.

3. A complete check list is included in LCH Part 1(Documents for War). Note that many of these documentsare now available in electronic form and this may reducethe need to carry paper copies, at least where suitableviewing computer support is available.

4. The following show representative check lists (thecontents of which are always likely to be required). Anindication is given where publications may not be requiredby sub units, but those with an independent role mayrequire the complete list:

PUBLICATIONS

Ser Title UnitSubUnit

1 A Guide to Media Handling x2 AAP-6 – Military Symbology x3 AFM Battlegroup Tactics x x4 AFM Formation Tactics x5 AFM Generic Threat

(Training only, replaced with ThreatAssessments on operations)

x

6 AFM Operations in Specific Environments(only where particular environment applies,e.g. Desert Ops)

x x

7 ATDH – individual TD notes may be relevantto specific operations or training

x

8 ATP-35(B) – Land Forces Tactical Doctrine x9 ATP-45 – NBC Operations x

10 Commander’s Diary x x11 JSP 2 – Joint Tactical Communications (only

when required)x

12 JSP 327 – Manual of Movements x13 JSP 335 – Dangerous Air Cargo Regulations x

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14 JSP 356 – Manual of Travel Instructions x15 JSP 381 – Aide Memoire on the LOAC x x16 JSP 391 – Instructions for Handling PW x17 JSP 398 – UK National Rules of Engagement x18 JSP 440 – Defence Manual of Security x19 JSP 445 – Dangerous Goods Regulations x20 JWP 0-01.1 – UK Joint Glossary x21 Land Component Handbook Parts 1 and 2 x22 Manual of Military Law x x23 Material Regulations x24 Military Road Movement x25 NBC Defence – Manual of NBC Defence (all

or parts are likely to be required and in anycase should be carried by the unit NBC Cell)

x

26 Peace Support Operations (Joint or Armypublications as appropriate to situation)

x x

27 Personal Survival and Safety Guides – e.g.Cold Weather Operations (issued whereappropriate only)

x x

28 Personnel Administration Manual x29 Queen’s Regulations for the Army x x30 Relevant EMERs/AESPs/IPCs etc x x31 Special to Arm Publications (as required) x x32 Staff Officers’ Handbook x x33 TAM (Reference copies of parts 1, 2 and 3) x x34 Theatre SOPs (as issued – e.g. UN SOPs) x ?35 Weapon System Drill books x

FORMS

Ser Form No Title

1 AF N1560 Acquittance Rolls2 AF N 1562 Acquittance Summaries3 F/CAS/753A Attachment Sheet (Emergency Burial Report)4 PW 779 Captive Reports5 PW 778 Captive/Equipment Doc Tags6 AFB 252 Charge Report7 AF G 8076 Checklist/Wagon Way Bill8 MOD F 102 Classified Documents Registers9 AF C 2119 Commander’s Diary

10 AFB 121 Company Conduct Sheet11 F Mov 239 DAC Manifest12 F/CAS/753 Emergency Burial Report13 AB 317 Imprest Cash Book14 AF W 3004 Label of Effects for the Dead15 F Mov 238 Manifest Non-Dangerous Cargo16 AF W 9810 Missing Persons Questionnaire17 AF W6851 Next of Kin Card18 AF W9811 Orders for Demolition Guard19 F Mov 237 Pax Manifest20 AF W 3190 Personal Effects Certificate21 MOD 824 Receipt Books22 AFB120 Regimental Conduct Sheet23 Mov/Ops Form Sea Move Manifest24 BWO/01/7 Security of Crypto Material

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25 AB 397 Service Fund Account Book26 F Mov 292 Strength Return for Move by Sea27 F Mov 209 Vehicle Weight/Dimensions Card

HELD FOR INDIVIDUAL ISSUE ON OPERATIONS

Ser Form Title1 F Ident 189 Geneva Convention Identity Card2 F Ident 189A Geneva Convention Identity Card (for

personnel on part-time medical duties)3 Cross 40 Red Cross Armlet4 Authenticating Stamp No 2 (for use with

F Ident 106, 107 and Armlets)5 JSP 381 Aide Memoire on the Law of Armed Conflict6 AF B6851 NOK Card7 AF W3092 NOK Change of Address notification8 MOD Form 106 Will Form9 ROE ROE Aide Memoires and Cards for theatre

specific Rules of Engagement (E.g. Blue Card,Yellow Card, Green Card etc.)

10 Theatre Specific Operational Aide Memoire(e.g. Op Resolute).

11 Personal Safety and Survival Guides (whereappropriate – e.g. Desert Operations

12 First Aid/NBC Aide Memoires (where issued)13 F Ident 107 Geneva Convention Identity Card for Padres

and personnel on full-time medical duties

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EMERGENCY ALARMS

Warning Air Attack NBC AgentsAir and NBC

ClearVisualAlarmColour andShape

Red Black

NBC Wng Rkt (3)VisualSignal

Crossing ArmsAbove Head

Mask Up

Remove/changevisualsignals

AudibleAlarm(4) (5)

Voice, e.g. “AirRed!”Vehicle hornWhistle blasts(3 sec on, 1 secoff)

Voice“Gas, Gas, Gas !”Bang metal on metal.NAIAD alarmShort horn/ whistleblasts(1 sec on, 1 sec off)

Voice

Horn blastfor 1 min.

NATO(Civ Def)

Warbling siren for1 min

Interrupted warblingsiren

Steady Sirenfor 1 min

UKMainlandonly

Warbling siren for1 min (12 secs on– 12 secs off)

3 rkts or 3 gongs/whistle blasts (3 secintervals)

Steady sirenfor 1 min.

Notes:

1. Alarms for ground attack are to be in accordance withthe local tactical situation.

2. Air raid warning (ARW) states are:

a. Red: Attack is imminent.

b. Yellow : Attack probable.

c. White : Attack unlikely.

3. Yellow/Red/Yellow rocket with whistle, but not usedon the UK mainland. Do not confuse with whistle forstand-to. There is no NATO agreement on signals forstand-to. If whistle or horn signal is necessary, usecontinuous blast.

4. Use visual signals if possible.

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INTERNATIONAL GROUND/AIR EMERGENCY CODES

1 Require Assistance

2 Require Medical Assistance

3 No, or Negative

4 Yes, or Affirmative

5 Proceeding in this Direction

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EMERGENCY WAR BURIAL

1. Definitions :

a. Emergency Burial . Where conditions do notpermit evacuation for interment in a cemetery.

b. Group Burial . Burial of two or more unidentifiedremains in common grave.

c. Trench Burial . For heavy casualties. Preparetrench and lay individual remains in it side by side.Removes need for digging/filling individual graves.

2. Burial Procedures .

a. Select Site . Site emergency graves to providemaximum chance of recovery and protection fromwater. Always note:

· Location - 8 fig grid reference and bearingand range to prominent reference object.

· Map – details of map used and scale.· Nearest town/village.

Avoid roadside burial if possible.

b. Dig Graves :

· Individual graves whenever practicable.· Separate graves for different nationalities.· Grave at least 1m deep.

c. Prepare Bodies :

· Remove personal effects. (Except for USpersonnel).

· Remove 1 x ID Disc. (Except for USpersonnel).

· Place effects in suitable receptacle (ideallya waterproof bag).

· Clothed bodies should be wrapped inporous materials, not sealed bags.

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· Casualty/body bags should be usedwherever possible.

· Bury 1 x ID Disc with body.· In the case of US dead all personal effects

are to be buried with the remains.

d. Identified Dead .

(1) Marking individual graves . Use cross/rifle to mark grave. At base half bury a containeropen end down and enclose the followinginformation clearly written on paper in a plasticenvelope using pencil or indelible ink:

· Name (surname, forename and/orinitials)

· Rank/grade· Sex· Service No· National force, unit, date, birthplace· Date, cause of death· Date buried· By whom buried· Religion· Record full service details of the

Registrant (person recording theabove information).

Note: Every effort must be made to record asmuch as possible of the above information to aidin later identification.

(2) Marking group/Trench Burials :

· Place marker and container at eachend of grave/trench.

· Enter distance of remains from markeragainst relevant entry in the enclosedlist.

· In group burials the total number ofbodies must be recorded, with namesof any known, but unidentified deadlisted (to aid in the possible lateridentification of the remains).

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· Record full service details of theRegistrant.

e. Unidentified Dead . Bury and report as othersbut enter "unknown " in place of name. Record fullphysical description to assist later identification.Always note:

· Sex· Approximate age· Height· Build (e.g. stocky/medium/fat/thin)· Hair colour/style (e.g. red/bald/crewcut)· Facial hair (beard, moustache/sideburns)· Eyes (colour)· Ethnic appearance· Tattoos/marks/scars· Teeth (false/missing)· Uniform· Serial numbers on personal equipment

(e.g. weapon)· Jewellery (watch, rings)· Vehicle details (if appropriate)· Record full service details of the Registrant.

f. Service . Whenever practical, hold the burialservice for the appropriate religion. Brief, approvedservices for Christians, Hindus, Moslems, Buddhistsand Jews are found in the Unit Guide to theAdministration of Personnel in War.

g. Documentation . Record 8 figure grid referenceon P20(Fd). Complete 2 copies of Emergency Burialreport (F/CAS/753). Hand both to unit Adjutant.

h. Disposal of effects :

(1) Inventory on AF W3190 (in triplicate).Dispose to:

No 1 - Effects receptacle.No 2 - Field Records (overseas cases)

- Army Casualty Branch (UK cases).No 3 - Retain in unit.

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(2) Label receptacle with AF W3004 anddispatch to Field Records (overseas cases) orArmy Casualty Branch (UK cases).

3. Contaminated Remains .

a. If known record the agent that caused death,otherwise state that death was caused by the effectsof exposure to unknown NBC agents.

b. Burial party must wear respiratory protection,gloves, boots and protective clothing.

c. Place remains in casualty/body bag as soon aspossible.

d. Decontaminate personal effects where practical.

e. Mark contaminated graves with NBC warningsigns (see LCH for further details).

f. Record a plan of the location of contaminatedgraves.

g. Seek expert medical advice on special hygieneprecautions.

Note:

(1) Further detailed information is included in the LCH.(2) Emergency Burials are always to be reported toFormation as soon as possible (where practical, beforethey actually take place). Appropriate resources andassistance may then be provided.(3) A simplified EMBUREP format is included in TAM forinitial use only. The complete reporting requirements areas detailed in LCH.

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EQUIPMENT DENIAL

1. The enemy should be denied the use of our militaryequipment and supplies. Destruction will only be orderedas a last resort to prevent it falling into enemy hands.Denial is an individual unit responsibility. Equipment (evenwhere damaged) and stores should be recoveredwhenever possible. Denial includes:

a. Immobilisation – To prevent movement, repairand use by the enemy. Will normally allow futurerepair by own forces.

b. Destruction – Beyond field repair. Preventsenemy duplicating it or learning the operational details(includes spare parts and technical documentation).There are specific destruction methods specified formost major equipments (AESPs/WIs). Destructionwill normally require authorisation from formationlevel, and is to be reported through the chain ofcommand.

3. Denial Methods :

· Distribution – to other military units or civilians,especially food, fuel, clothing etc.

· Destruction of essential components.· Complete destruction .· Contamination (only within provisions of· Geneva Convention).

4. Authority . Destruction of equipment and storesshould be avoided whenever possible and, where possible,the decision should be referred to the chain of command.The following minimum levels of authorisation shouldalways be sought:

a. Unit equipment – unit commander.

b. Equipment in ECPs – BEME/OC FRG.

c. Equipment in BLPs – Comd ES, CO ES Bn orOC CS/GS Coy.

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d. Equipment under repair- local commander.

5. Priorities . Consider:

· Potential value to enemy.· Possibility of future use by own troops.· Tactical situation.

6. Priorities for Destruction :

a. Priority 1 :

· Classified equipment, materiel anddocuments.

· CIS.· Sophisticated weapon systems or electronic

equipment.· Heavy weapons and ammunition.· POL.· Ferrying and bridging equipment.

b. Priority 2 – All other military equipment, stores,supplies and facilities.

7. Destruction Methods :

a. Mechanical – use of axe, pickaxe, crowbar orsimilar implement.

b. Burning – use of flammable material:

· Remove and empty portable and dischargefixed fire extinguishers.

· Smash engine block, cooling fans, radiatorand gearbox.

· Drain and puncture fuel tanks (use forburning if required).

· Open hydraulic reservoirs.· Open hatches, dowse with petrol/oil, ignite

from a safe distance.

c. Gunfire . Aim at road wheels, bevel boxes,engine compartment and transmission.

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EXPLOSIVE ORDNANCE DISPOSAL (EOD)

1. Categorisation of EOD :

a. The category can only be recommended by theperson making the report: actual authority/categorisation will be given by the appropriatesuperior HQ.

b. Only trained personnel are to deal withbattlefield sub-munitions, and only EOD personnelwith IEDs.

2. Categories of Incident are:

a. Category A . Incidents that constitute a graveand immediate threat. Start disposal operationsimmediately regardless of personal risk.

b. Category B . Incidents that constitute an indirectthreat. Observe safe waiting period to reduce hazardto personnel.

c. Category C . Incidents that constitute littlethreat. These are normally dealt with by EODpersonnel by blowing in their original location.

d. Category D . Incidents that constitute noimmediate threat. Mark and cordon off wherepossible. Report to Unit/Formation HQ for furtheraction.

3. Reporting . Use EODINCREP format. Bewarepossible transmitter hazards in close proximity to device.

4. Additional Information . LCH contains extensiveadditional information on EOD procedures.

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FIRE SUPPORT COORDINATION MEASURES

1. Fire support co-ordinating measures are used inconjunction with designated lines, areas and referencepoints in order to control fire. These measures facilitatethe rapid engagement of targets and provide safeguardsfor friendly troops, aircraft, and installations. In order toensure the safety of friendly forces, it is vital that FireSupport Co-ordination measures (FSCM) are widelydisseminated in a timely and efficient manner.

2. The most commonly used measures are boundaries,Fire Support Co-ordination Lines (FSCLs), and Co-ordinated Fire Lines (CFLs). CFLs are normallyestablished at formation level, but may be established by abattlegroup. The commander establishes or moves a CFLaccording to the situation. All relevant organisations mustreceive the location of the new or modified CFL.

3. Direct fire control measures that can be used includeTrigger Lines, Killing Areas (KAs) and Target ReferencePoints (TRPs). The commander can designate one triggerline for all weapons systems, or multiple trigger lines foreach weapon or type of weapons system.

4. When used with engagement criteria, a certainnumber or types of vehicles must cross the trigger linebefore engagement.

5. Explanations of specific FSCMs are as follows:

Coordination Fire Line (CFL)The line beyond which conventional fire support meansmay fire at any one time, within the TAOR of theestablished HQ without additional coordination. TheCFL is portrayed with a dashed line. The abbreviation‘CFL’ is placed above the line and the effective DTG foruse is placed below the line.

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Fire Coordination AreaAn area subject to specific restraints into which firesupport in excess of these (weight of fire, types of ammoetc) will not be delivered without the prior approval of theauthority establishing the restraint. Fire CoordinationAreas are usually located on identifiable terrain, either bygrid reference, or a radius in metres about a centrepoint. Fire Coordination Areas are marked as for theNFL (see below).

Fire Support Coordination Line (FSCL)A line established by the appropriate ground commanderto ensure coordination of fire not under his control, butwhich may affect current tactical operations. The FSCLis used to coordination fire of air, ground or sea weaponsystems using any type of ammunition against surfacetargets. The FSCL should follow well defined terrainfeatures. The establishment of the FSCL must becoordinated with the appropriate tactical air commanderand other supported elements. Supported elementsmay attack targets forward of the FSCL without priorcoordination with the ground force commander, providedthe attack will not produce adverse effects on, or to therear of, the line. Attacks against surface targets behindthis line must be coordinated with the appropriate groundforce commander.

Direct Fire Weapon Line (DFWL)The DFWL delineates the outer edge of the ContactBattle Area. It is a line established by the contact battlecommander to ensure coordination of fire which is notunder his control. Indirect fire must not be put downwithin the DFWL without reference to the appropriatecontact battle commander.

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Free Fire Area (FFA)A specific designated area into which any weaponssystem may fire (empty guns etc) without additionalcoordination with the established HQ. The area isnormally established by a supported division, or highercommander, following coordination, if appropriate, withthe host nation. It will be located on identifiable terrain,when possible, or by a grid reference. It is illustrated onmaps and overlays as an encircled solid line. Theabbreviation ‘FFA’ is placed within the encircled area,followed by the identification of the establishing HQ andthe effective DTG.

Momentary RestrictionThis is a time restriction which may be necessary toeffectively coordinate between aircraft and indirect firesupport units. It will be ordered by the appropriateFSCC as required, and cancelled as soon as possible.

No Fire Area (NFA)An area into which no fire support or the effects of firesupport are allowed, except when the established HQapproves fire missions (temporarily) within the NFA on amission by mission basis, or when an enemy force withinthe NFA engages a friendly force. In this case thecommander may engage the enemy to defend his force.The NFA is illustrated as an area with a solid line. Theenclosed area is shaded with diagonal lines. Theabbreviation ‘NFA’, the identification of the establishingHQ and the effective time(s) are shown inside theencircled area.

No Fire Line (NFL)A line short of which arty or ships do not fire except onrequest or approval of the supported commander, butbeyond which they may fire at any time without dangerto friendly troops. The NFL is shown on maps, chartsand overlays by a black dashed line. The abbreviation‘NFL’ is place above the line and the effective DTG isshown below the line.

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Restricted Fire Area (RFA)An area in which specific restrictions are imposed. Firesupport that exceeds these restrictions will not bedelivered into the RFA without coordination with theestablishing HQ. The RFA is usually located onidentifiable terrain, by grid reference, or a radius (inmetres) from a centre point. The RFA is illustrated onmaps, charts and overlays as an encircled solid line.The abbreviation ‘RFA’ is placed within the encircledarea, followed by the identification of the establishing HQand the DTG for the area.

Restrictive Fire Line (RFL)A line established between converging friendly forces(one or both may be moving) that prohibits all firesupport, or effects from fire support, across the linewithout coordination with the affected force. The RFL isestablished by the commander of both forces onidentifiable terrain, usually close to the stationary force.The abbreviation ‘RFL’ is placed above the line, followedby the identification of the establishing HQ, the effectiveDTG for use is written below the line.

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HANDOVER/TAKEOVER OF OBSTACLES

REQUIRED INFORMATION

1. Information required is contained in:

a. Demolition schedule.

b. Demolition Recce Proforma (AF W4012).

c. Non Nuclear Demolition Target Folder (AFW4012D).

d. Orders for the Demolition (AF W9811 - STANAG2017) - See Demolitions and LCH for further details.

e. Demolition Microfiche.

f. Minefield Record (AF W4017).

2. If relevant documents are not available, the minimuminformation required is:

a. Ground and enemy situation.

b. Friendly forces situation.

c. Identity of the Authorised Commander.

d. How order to close obstacle or fire the demolitionwill be given.

e. Minefield type, boundaries, location of safelanes.

f. Estimated time required to change State ofReadiness.

g. Estimated duration of task.

3. Handover/takeover should take place at obstacle site.

4. The following is a translation guide/Aide Memoire infor English/German/Dutch/French:

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1. IDENTITY CHECK IDENTITÄTSPRÜFUNG LEGITIMATIE CONTROLE D'IDENTITE

a. I am Ich bin Ik ben le suis(1) The platoon commander Der Zugführer des ... de peletons commandant (pc) Le chef de la ... sectionof platoon ... company Zuges der ... Kp can de … cle van het ... peleton (pel) de la ... companie(2) The section commander Der Gruppenführer der ... de groepscommandant (gpc) Le chef du ... groupe deof section ... platoon ... company Grp des ... Zuges der ... Kp van de ... groep (gp) van la ... section de la ... companie

het ... pel van de ...(3) Commander of the Der Führer des de commandant veiligheids Le chef du détachment deDemolition Guard Sprengsicherungskommandos bezetting (c/vbez) protection(4) Commander of the Der Führer des de commandant vernielings Le chef du détachment deDemolition Firing Party Sprengkommandos ploeg (c-verplg) mise en oeuvre

b. Tasked to Beauffftragt, die Sperre belast met Chargé de(1) Handover Zu übergeben overname La remise(2) Takeover Zu übernehmen overgave La Reprise

c. I request Ich bitte um Ik verzoek U Je vous demandeA mutual identity check gegenseitiges Ausweisen om een wederzijdse legitmatie De justifier votre identité et de vérifier(ID Card/copies of STANAG (Truppenausweis/Vordruck (mil paspoort en orders c-vbez la mienne (carte d'identité/imprimé2017 Annex A or B) STANAG 2017 A oder B) STANAG2017 A, orders c-verplg STANAG2017 A ou B)

STANAG 2017 B)

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2. BRIEFING ON THE EINWEISUNG IN DIE INFORMATIE OMTRENT TAC INITIATION À LATACTICAL SITUATION TAKTISCHE LAGE SITUATIE SITUATION TACTIQUE

a. I request (by means Ich bitte um (mittels Ik verzoek U (mij te Je vous demande (à l'aide d'uneof a map or sketch) einer Karte/Skizze) informaren omtrent-middels carte ou d'un croquis) des

kaart/schets) renseignements sur(1) A ground briefing Geländeeinweisung het terrain Le terrain(2) Information on the enemy Angaben über den Feind vij L'ennemi(3) Information on own forces: Angaben über eigene Kräfte: eigen troepen: Les éleménts amis:(a) Neighbours Nachbaarn neveneenheden Voisins(b) Local security of the Sicherung an der beveiliging van de Sperre Eléments de securité aobstacle hindernis (hind) l'obstacle(c) Information on the last of Angaben über letzte eigene Laaste eenheid (ehd) die Derniers éleménts amisour own forces that will Kräfte, die die Sperre de hindernis zal passeren devant passer par l'obstaclepass through the obstacle. durchfahren werdenb. Who gives the order Wer erteilt den Befehl wie geeft het bevel tot Qui est l'authoritéto fire or close the obstacle? zum Auslösen/Schliessen? springen/afsluiten van de donnant l'ordre de mise de feu/

hindernis? de fermeture?c. By which means will Auf welchem Wege wird der Op welke wijze zal het De quelle manière l'ordrethe order to fire or close Befehl zum Auslösen/ bevel tot springen/ de mise de feu/dethe obstacle be given? Schliessen erteilt? afsluiten van de hind fermeture sera-t-il donné?

worden gegeven?

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3. DETAILS OF A EINZELHEITEN EINER DETAILS VAN EEN DETAILS RELATIFS à UNMINEFIELD MINENSPERRE MIJNENVELD MIJNAFSLUITING CHAMPS DE MINES

a. Briefing on the Minefield Einweisung über Doornemen van het Briefing détaillé du relevéRecord in all details Minensperrnachweis in Technisch Mijnenveldrapport de pose de champ de mines

allen Einzelheiten en alle detailb. Briefing on the Einweisung in die Informeren Omtrent Renseignements sur leobstacle Sperre champ de mines(1) Type of Minefield Art der Minensperre Soort mijnenveld Type du champ de mines(2) Boundaries Ausdehnung afmetingen Dimensions(3) Number of strips/rows etc Anzahl der Streifen/Reihen etc aantal rijen/stroken etc Nombre de rangees/bandes

minées etc(4) Landmarks/ Festpunkte/Swischenpunkte vaste punten/hulp-` Repères terrestresIntermediate markers registratiepunten intermediaires(5) Type and number of Art und Anzahl der type en aantal gelegde Type et nombres de minesmines laid verlegten Minen mijnen posées(6) Width and marking of Breite and Markierung der breedte en markering van Largeur at balisage dusafe lanes Gasse de doorgang couloir(7) Type of fencing Umzänung soort afzetting Clôture(8) Location of mines and Lagerort der Minen und plaats van de dump met Lieu de stockage des minesfuzes required to close Minenzünder mijnen en onsstekers tbv et des allumeurs necessairesthe safe lanes afsluiting vd doorgang pour fermer le couloir

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(9) Location of packing Lagerort des plaats van Lieu de stockage dumaterial/safety pins etc Verpackungsmaterials/ verpakkingsmateriaal en matériel d'emballage des

Sicherungsstifte etc veiligheidspennen etc groupilles de sécurité etc(10) Procedure required to Tätigkeiten zum uit to voeren Opérations nécessairesclose the obstacle Schliessen werkzaamheden voor sluiten pour fermer le couloir

doorgang(11) Traffic control Verkehrsregelung verkeersregeling Régulation de la circulation(12) Maintenance of the Insstandhaltung der onderhoud van het rijspoor Entretien du chemin dedriving surface in the safe lane Fahrspur in der Gasse in dep doorgang roulement du couloirc. Estimate of the time Angaben über Opgave benodigde Information concernant lesrequired: Zeitbedarf für: tiijden voor: délaid necessaires pour:(1) To close the lane Schliessen der Gasse Sluiten van de doorgang La fermeture du couloir(2) To remove the Entfernen der Markierung Verwijderen van de afzetting L'enlèvement du balisage/marquageminefield marking

4. DETAILS OF A EINZELHEITEN EINES DETAILS VAN EEN TE DÉTAILS D'UN OUVRAGE ADEMOLITION TARGET SPRENGOBJEKTS VERNIELEN OBJECT DÉTUIRE

a. Briefing on the Durchsprechen des Doornemen van Vernielings Briefing détaillé du carnetTarget Folder in all details Sperrheftes in allen Voorbereidings Rapport d'alerte de destruction

Einzelheiten en alle detailb. Briefing on the Target Einweisung in das Objekt Informeren omtrent Renseignement sur l'ouvrage

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(1) The type of target Art des Objekts Soort object Type de l'ouvrage(2) Fixing of the charges Anbringung der Ladungen Aanbrengen der ladingen Emplacement des charges(3) The run of the firing Verlauf der Zündleitungen Verloop van de Dispositions des lignes decircuits onstekingsleidingen mise de feu(4) The type of main Art der Hauptzündung Onstekingswijzen Type de dispositif de misefiring circuit/reserve circuit Reservezündung de feu principal/de réserve(5) The firing point/points Zündstelle(n) Onstekingspunt (en) Emplacement de la position/

positions de mise de feu(6) Present State of Derzeitige Stadium van vernielings- État d'amorçage réaliséReadiness Zündbereitschaft voorbereiding(7) Procedure required to Tätigkeiten zur Änderung Procedure voor wijzingen Opérations nécessaireschange the State of Readiness der Zündbereitschaft van stadium van verniel- pour changer l'etat d'amorçage

ingsvoorbereiding(8) Procedure required to Tätigkeiten zum Auslösen Procedure voor springen Opérations nécessairesfire the demolition der Sprengung van het object pour la sautage(9) Traffic control Verkehrsregelung Verkeersregeling Régulation de la circulationc. Orders to the Demolition Befehle an den Führer Orders commandant Consignes au Chef duGuard and the Demolition des veiligheids bezetting détachment de protectionFiring Party Commander. Sprengsicherungskommandos STANAG 2017 A, Orders et au Chef du détachmentBriefing on STANAG 2017 und den Führer des commandant vernielings de mise en oeuvre.Annex A or B forms in all Sprengtrupps Durchsprechen ploeg STANAG 2017 B. Briefing détaillé deDetails. des Vordrucks STANAG 2017 Doornemen tot in detail l'imprimé STANAG 2017 A ou B

A oder B in allen Einzelheiten

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d. Estimate of the time Angaben über Zeitbedarf Opgave benodigde tijd Informations concernantrequired: für: voor: les delais nécessaires pour:(1) To change the State Änderung der Wijzigen stadium van Le changement de l'étatof Readiness Zündbereitschaft vernielingsvoorbereiding d'amorçage(2) To fire the demolition Auslösen der Sprengung Springen van het object Le sautage

5. WRITTEN HANDOVER/ SCHRIFTLICHE ÜBERGABE/ SCHRIFTELIJKE REMISE/REPRISE 'ECRITE'TAKEOVER ÜBERNAHME OVERGAVE/OVERNAME

a. Signature of 'Handing Unterschriften des Handtekeningen van Signature du personnelOver/Taking Over' (Name, Übergebenden/ de c-vernplg belast met responsable de laRank, Unit, DTG) Übernehmenden (Name, Dgrd, overgave/overname (naam, remise/reprise (nom, grade, unité,

Einheit, Datum/Uhrzeit) rang, ehd, dtg) date/heures) à apposer sur(1) In Target Folder (Page 5) Im Sperrheft (Seite 5) In het Vern Voorb Rapp Le carnet d'alerte de

(biz 5) (vernielings dossier) destruction (page 5)(2) On Minefield Record Auf Minensperrnachweis Op het Tech Mijnenveld Le relevé de pose de champunder 'Remarks' (Anmerkungen) Rapp (opmerkingen) de mines (observations)b. In case it is required Falls vom Übergebenden Indien de 'overdragende' Au cas où le responsableby 'Handing Over' an gewünscht, zusätzlichen c-vernplg dat wenst: een de la remise le jugeraitadditional handwritten formlosen aanvullende verklaring op nécessaire établir uncertificate may be produced handschriftlichen Beleg schrift stellen certificat supplementaire

erstellen sur papier ordinaire

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c. Handover/Takeover of Übergabe/Übernahme der Overgave/overname van de Remise/reprise desobstacle documents Sperrunterlagen hindernis documenten documents relatifs a l'obstacle

6. REPORTS MELDUNGEN MELDINGEN COMPTES RENDUS

a. Report on the Meldung der Melding van Rendre compte de lacompletion of durchgeführten uitgevoerde remise/reprise de l'obstacleHandover/Takeover Übergabe/Übernahme overgave/overname aan(1) To the commander of the An Führer des Commandant veiligheids Au chef du détachment deDemolition Guard Sprengsicherungskommandos bezetting protection(2) To your own unit An eigene Einheit eigen eenheid Aux commandants d'unité respectifsb. Report on the Meldung der Melding Rendre compte dufiring/closing Auslösung/des springen/afsluiten sautage/de la

Schliessens hindernis aan fermeture(1) To the Commander of the An Führer des Commandant veiligheids Au chef du détachment de protectionDemolition Guard Sprengsicherungskommandos bezetting(2) To your own unit Für eigene Einheit Eigen eenheid Au commandant d'unité

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HARBOURS AND HIDES

HARBOURS

1. Planned from a map. Normally well out of contact.Harbour party precedes move of main body.

2. Additional to normal movement orders, orders foroccupation of harbour area include:

a. Time of occupation.

b. RV.

c. RV for stragglers (if different from above).

d. Emergency RV in case of compromise.

3. For composition of harbour party, see Tactical Groups(page 2 - 3).

4. Harbour Party Duties .

a. Recce proposed area for:

· Enemy, including mines etc.· Communications.· Concealment.· Defence.

b. Plan :

· Areas at least down to troop/platoon.· Circuit/track plan.· Concealed waiting area outside main

circuit.· Defence of area.· Helicopter LS.· Reception of main body.

5. Reporting . See HARHIDEREP 018.

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HIDES

6. Hides are tactical locations in forward areas.

7. Sequence of action:

a. Recce . (RSM/CSMs, tp/pl sgts)

Areas cleared by protection parties.

b. Movement In . (RSM/CSMs, tp/pl sgts)

Met by guides, reverse in, minimum noise/enginerevs, switch off immediately, 5 minutes listeningwatch, troop/platoon commanders to sub unit HQ,LOs to BG HQ.

c. Occupation . (Comds/2ICs)

Cam up by first light, camouflage stays up at night,minimum noise/movement, track discipline, NBCsentries, 15 min NTM (unless otherwise ordered),maximum rest.

NBC CONSIDERATIONS

8. Contamination Avoidance

a. Both Harbours and Hides should only by sited incontaminated areas when absolutely essential.

b. Where possible site harbours and hides to makemaximum use of the protection from liquidcontamination provided by barns and factorycomplexes.

c. Where woods have to be used, cover equipmentwith CARM sheeting.

9. Collective Protection . All personnel should haveaccess to collective protection facilities for a minimum of 4hours in every 24 hrs.

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LIAISON

1. Liaison is to be reciprocal when:

a. A UK unit is placed under command of an HQ ofanother nationality.

b. A UK unit flanks a formation or unit of anothernationality.

2. When liaison is not reciprocal, responsibility forestablishing is:

a. From left to right.

b. From rear to front.

c. From higher to lower formation or unit.

d. From supporting formation or unit to supportedformation or unit.

e. From the moving force to the in-position force.

3. When liaison is broken, both parties should attempt tore-establish it, with primary responsibility remaining withthe formation or unit originally providing it.

4. Visiting liaison officers or detachments normallyprovide their own transport and communications.

5. Receiving HQ Responsibilities to LOs.

a. Initial briefing.

b. Security of crypto materiel and equipment.

c. Administration.

LO DUTIES

6. Preparation . Before moving to or from own unit/subunit, obtain:

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a. Current battle update.

b. Intelligence update.

c. Future intentions.

d. Any logistic information.

7. Information . Carry no more information thannecessary for the task. Make provision for its destruction.

8. Equipment .

· CEI (for a maximum of 3 days).· Maps.· SOPs/SOIs etc.· Communications to parent HQ.· Rations.

9. Movement . Before departing on the task, confirm:

· Destination.· Route and ETA.· Next location of own and destination HQ.

10. Messages . Collect any messages for delivery.

11. SITREP. Be able to provide SITREP of own forcesas follows:

a. Location of forward elements.

b. Location of units/sub units, HQs and boundaries.

c. Number of battleworthy tanks and APCs in eachBG.

d. BG/unit ORBAT.

e. Relevant tactical information (includingintelligence).

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MEDIA OPERATIONS

1. G3 Media Ops Staff at provided at formation level.They are responsible for organising, utilising andinfluencing media coverage to support the political andmilitary aims of an operation both in theatre andelsewhere, including the home base. Assistance andadvice should always be sought from G3 Media Ops in theevent of any event likely to attract significant mediainterest.

2. Units may be required to provide properly briefedspokesmen and women, not only COs and OICs, but alsolower ranks. They may also be required to produceproperly briefed escort officers if G3 Media Ops staff arenot available to take media to a specific site or facility. Fulladvantage should be taken of unit level personnel whohave appropriate media training and/or experience.

3. Question and Answer briefs (Q&A) are frequentlyproduced in order to ensure that consistent and accurateinformation is given to the media from different sources.Q&As are designed to provide guidance on approved linesto take with the press and should not be quoted word forword. However there should be no diversion from thegeneral thrust of the approved Q&As where these arerelevant.

4. The production of timely, accurate and appropriateinformation to support Media Ops must be given highpriority. Care must be taken in the selection of individualswho will have direct contact with the media. Effectivepresentation is critical.

5. Units should neither deliberately court nor avoidmedia attention. Where opportunities for favourable mediacoverage exist, these should be notified to G3 Media Opsstaff to maximise exploitation. Those with a significantelement of human interest are likely to be particularlyeffective.

6. The following topics are not to be discussed with thepress or media without specific guidance/priorauthorisation from G3 Media Ops staff at formation level:

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· Composition and location of ships, units andaircraft

· Details of operational military movements· Operational Orders· Plans and intentions· Details of own or hostile casualties· Organisations and task organisations· Tactics, weapon capabilities and deployments· Names of members of ships, units and aircraft· Names of individual service personnel· Operational errors made by own, friendly or

hostile forces· Personal criticism of members of our armed

forces, allies or attached civilians.

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MINE WARFARE

POLICY ON USE OF MINES

1. There are prohibitions and severe restrictions on theuse of anti-personnel landmines (APL) and anti-tankmines(AT) under international law. These apply to bothinternational and internal armed conflict. The use of APLby British forces is currently banned, although this may bereviewed at Ministerial level for a specific operation.Specific Rules of Engagement (ROE) will always coverlocal circumstances.

2. Although the use of APL is likely to be totallybanned, this will only apply to those who adhere toInternational Laws and Conventions. APL in theirmany forms will remain a cheap and effective weaponand they are likely to be encountered in a wide varietyof scenarios and environments for the foreseeablefuture .

4. It is prohibited under all circumstances to direct APLor AT mines, whether in offence, defence or by way ofreprisals against the civil population, individual civilians orcivilian objects (i.e. ‘all objects which are not militaryobjectives’).

5. Any force controlling an area has a responsibility forall mines in that area. This is still the case despite the factthat they may have been laid by the enemy. Theresponsibility for a minefield must be formally handed overon relief.

MINEFIELD MARKING

6. All minefields are to be marked to avoid casualties todefending troops and the local civilian population. Anyminefield must be monitored to ensure that minefieldmarking and fencing is maintained and in order to preventunauthorised or inadvertent access by civilians. This doesnot mean that all minefields must be permanently guarded.Protective measures must be regularly reviewed andmaintained at the best practical level taking into accountthe current circumstances.

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7. A force has a legal responsibility to mark anyminefield discovered within its boundaries.

8. The standard method for marking perimeters is:

a. Fencing . All round using either existing fences,single concertina or single strand wire:

Markers are placed at intervals of 10 m to 50 m. Allfences at to be erected at waist height.

b. Minefield Perimeter Marker . Hung onfence/post with legend showing on the safe side. Thefollowing is a typical example showing the requiredcomponents:

9. Nuisance Minefields . The use of nuisance miningwith unmarked anti-personnel mines is now illegal. Anti-tank mines can still be used for nuisance mining, providingno anti-personnel mines are laid. Any AT mines laid as anuisance minefield must be recorded, but do not have tobe marked, fenced or monitored.

15 m(20 paces)

Sign

Wire

Post

Ground

MINES

MINESMIN

28 cm

20 cm Yellow reflectiveborder

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10. CLAYMORE . A specific exemption to minefieldmarking requirements is allowed for CLAYMORE mineswhen used in the trip-wire mode (i.e. as an APL). Themine can be positioned unmarked for a maximum period of72 hours only, and then only when placed in the immediatevicinity of the troops placing the mine. It must still berecorded. There are no restrictions on the use ofClaymore in the ‘command detonated’ mode as it is thenregarded as a direct fire weapon, rather than as a mine.

MINEFIELD LANE MARKING

11. Mark routes through both own and enemy minefieldsat local commander’s discretion. Only one route for tracksand wheels. Mark permanent minefield lanes as shownabove.

Guide Sign

Illuminated wheel oftrack sign fixed between

route markers(see note 5)

Liningupbox

Lane

Liningupbox

Guide sign

RoutemarkersEntrance/ Exit lights

Routemarkers

Entrance/ Exit lights

Routemarkers

1. Minimum lane width = 4.5m Normal one-way lane width = 8m Normal two-way lane width = 16m

Illuminated wheel of track sign fixed beneath route markers (see note 5)

2. The use of separate track and wheel routes and the distance of the route junction from the lane is a decision for the tactical commander

3. Within the lane the marking interval should be 30m

4. On separate routes for wheeled and tracked vehicles the appropriate yellow and black illuminated sign may be fixed beneath the route marker:

or

black yellow

5. Only approach and exit marking is required

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MINE COUNTER MEASURES

12. IA Drills . For specific operations the priority will varyaccording to the tactical situation and should be covered inorders. Unless otherwise ordered the sequence will be:

· Stop (where possible).· Issue local warning.· Report up and down the chain of command.· Locate and mark hazard.· Assessment (seek engineer advice where

necessary).

13. Additional information and drills are included in TAMPart 2, Section 5.

REPORTING AND RECORDING

13. Enemy minefields (including protective minefields)must be reported by OBSREP and recorded on AFW4017. See also SCATMINREP and SCATMINWARN , butnote that these reports should be used to refer to friendlyforces scatterable minefields only.

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NBC DEFENCE

COMMANDER’S RESPONSIBILITIES

1. Include the NBC estimate as part of combatestimate/planning. Order the necessary NBC defencemeasures, including Minimum NBC Dress State to beadopted by sub-units and specialist individuals.

2. Provide formation HQ with an assessment of thereduction in the unit’s combat power following an NBCStrike and resulting contamination.

3. When appropriate nominate sub-unit, and, inexceptional circumstances platoon/troop or detachmentcommanders as ‘local commanders’ and delegate DressState Authority.

4. Consider the implementation of the Chemical andBiological (CB) Safety Rule and modify according toenemy delivery systems.

5. Establish and inform troops of the NBC Warning andReporting Chain (up, down and to flanks). Use commandnet for NBC R2 and warnings. Break radio silence ifnecessary. Treat FIRST USE NBC Report as FLASH andsubsequent reports as IMMEDIATE. Where appropriatesend NBC reports in clear.

6. Highlight NBC Pre and Post attack contaminationcontrol measures, including orders for the level ofdecontamination.

7. State maximum radiation doses for tasks.

8. Plan for medical, repair and replenishment in NBCconditions.

9. Use the HASTY unmask when no evidence of agent(vapour/liquid) is found.

10. Ensure specialist personnel designated for NBCControl Party are in place as follows:

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UNIT NBCD ORGANISATION

HQ

NBCD ADVISER (OPS OFFR) NBCD TRG OFFR (TRG OFFR)

HQ SUB UNITNBCD CONTROL PARTY

SNCO/JNCO INSTR x 1JNCO AI x 1

(INSTR TO ALSO BE COLPRO INSTR)PLUS SPECIALISTS

NBCD WNG & REPORTING CELL

WO/SNCO CELL CONTROLLER x 1SNCO ASSISTANT CELL CONTROLER x 1

JNCO PLOTTER x 2JNCO CALCULATOR x 2

(24 HR MANNING)

SUB UNIT

NBCD CONTROL PARTYSNCO/JNCO INSTR x 1

JNCO AI x 3PLUS SPECIALISTS

SUB UNIT

NBCD CONTROL PARTYSNCO/JNCO INSTR x 1

JNCO AI x 3PLUS SPECIALISTS

SUB UNIT

NBCD CONTROL PARTYSNCO/JNCO INSTR x 1

JNCO AI x 3PLUS SPECIALISTS

SUB UNIT

NBCD CONTROL PARTYSNCO/JNCO INSTR x 1

JNCO AI x 3PLUS SPECIALISTS

SUMMARY OF UNIT NBCD MANPOWER SPECIALISTS

OFFRWOSNCOJNCOORs

x 2 (NBCD ADVISER AND TRG OFFRx 1 (CELL CONTROLLER)x 6 (SNCO NBC INSTR AND ASST CELL CONTROLLERx 19 (UNIT OR DBSTT CADRE TRAINED)x 120 (SPECIALISTS - UNIT TRAINED)

SUB UNIT NBCD SPECIALISTS

NBC SENTRIES (PER TP/PL) x 6RECCE & SURVEY PARTY AI + 5DECON PARTY AI + 5

722

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 22 - 3

UNIT NBC DEFENCE MEASURES

11. Pre-attack measures are designed to prepare units tosurvive and to limit the effectiveness of NBC weapons inthe attack and post attack phases. Tactical protection maybe achieved by dispersion, concealment and deception.

12. Pre-Attack (Threat level MEDIUM and HIGH)

N B C Measure★ ★ ★ Rehearse NBCD Plan and Control Party

tasks.

★

★

★ ★

GeneralEnsure high standards of battlefielddiscipline.Tie down/dig in/secure equipment, stores andloose articles.

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

HQ PlanningConduct risk assessment and set NBC DressState (within delegated authority) for work/rest routine, drivers/convoys and isolateddetachments.Plan requirements for NBC consumables.Modifications to CB Safety Rule.

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

Detection and WarningMan NBC sentries.Deploy detector papers, and equipment asrequired (Threat).Obey audio/visual alarms and signals.Conduct monitoring and recce as necessary.

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

Collective ProtectionShut doors, hatches and windows.Rehearse AFV colpro/unhardend colpro atHIGH – continuous running, at BLACK –routine use.Select and prepare nuclear shelters.Review protection factors of shelters.

★

★

★

★

★

★

Contamination ControlSet priorities for CARM and overheadprotection.Check availability/serviceability ofdecontamination equipment and water.

★

★

★

★

★

MedicalTake NAPS (every 8 hrs when ordered)Take BATS when orderedCheck issue dates and turnover ofCombopens.Reinforce hygiene discipline

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 22 - 4

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

AdministrationOrganise repair, resupply and availability ofNBC equipment.Provide additional water.Provide additional shelter equipment.

★

EMP/TREE CountermeasuresSwitch off non-essential equipment anddisconnect antennas and cables. Keepmasts as low as possible, keep cable runson/in the ground, avoid elevated cables.Keep unhardened equipment under shelteredcover. Close all hatches and doors wheneverpossible.

13. Attack

N B C Measure

★ ★ ★

AlarmsSound/react to audio/visual alarms andSignals.

★

★

★

★

★

★

NBC ReportsSentries who observe NBC attack send NBC 1Report.Sentries who suspect NBC attack send NBC 4Report.

★ ★ ★

MedicalCarry out First Aid.

14. Action on receipt of a Downwind HazardWarning(DHW) :

For chemical DWH. Review risk assessment, adjustDress State and use of collective protection.Confirm/re-position chemical sentry, NAIAD and CAMsto best upwind perimeter site. Increase/reinforcedetection posture (additional chemical sentries quippedwith CAMs and RVDs if necessary).Warn all personnel. Give earliest time of arrival andlikely duration of hazard. Order necessary protectionlevels to be adopted.Reinforce alarm scheme if necessary.For nuclear DWH. Commence continuous nuclearmonitoring. Maximum personnel, equipment andmateriel under cover. Initiate personal radiation controlmeasures.

722

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 22 - 5

15. Post Attack

N B C Measure

★

★

★ ★

GeneralReview estimate, NBC overlay, Dress State,organise damage control, essential repairs.Extinguish fires

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

Detection, Monitoring and WarningSend NBC Reports.Identify/monitor hazard levels.Conduct recce and survey as required.

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

Collective ProtectionCheck filtration systems.Monitor toxic free areas.Implement entry/exit procedure in accordancewith external hazard.Check protection factor of shelters.

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

★

Contamination ControlEssential movement only/limit spread.Establish contamination control points.Conduct op or thorough decontamination (1)Mark hazards if ordered.Check dirty routes/decontamination sites.

★ ★

★

★

★

MedicalContinue First Aid/CASEVAC.Confirm casualty bag policy (dirty in/clean in?)

★

★

Radiation ExposureDetermine RES of group.Set control doses for tasks.

★ ★ ★

AdministrationOrganise replenishment of consumables(especially IPE and decontamination stores) (1)

Note:

(1) Decontamination Equipment/Stores:

a. DAP 2 (stirrup pump) – use with CAD/water mix.

b. Alternative Decontaminants (Solvents):· Diesel, kerosene or petrol· Water and detergent

All effluents/waste products will be contaminated.

c. Improvised Equipment . Wash downs, carwashes, steam cleaners, fire engines etc.

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 22 - 6

CONTAMINATION CONTROL

16. Avoidance and Limiting Spread

a. Avoid Contamination by recce, avoid crossingcontaminated terrain and minimise/limit pick-up/spread of contamination by use of surfacesoffering least risk of pick-up (hard surfaces). Whereoperationally essential, mark contaminated areas androutes as follows:

CONTAMINATION MARKING

DangerPrimaryColour

Inscription(Colour)

InformationOn Sign

RadiologicalContamination White

‘ATOM’(black)

Dose RateDTG of readingDTG of detonation

BiologicalContamination Blue

‘BIO’(red)

Name of agentDTG of detonation

ChemicalContamination Yellow

‘GAS’(red)

Name of agentDTG of detonation

ChemicalMine Fields(or barrier)

Red withYellowStripe

‘GAS’(yellow)

Name of agentDTG of detection

Notes:

(1) Place signs where they can be seen with front sidefacing away from the contamination.

(2) Place at least one sign on stores and pallets.

(3) Make signs obvious at night if the tactical situationpermits.

b. Control Movement in/out of contaminatedareas. Use contamination control points, track androute discipline, clean and dirty areas and monitorentry/exit.

c. Minimise Effects of NBC attacks by:

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 22 - 7

· Decontaminate as soon as the tactical situationpermits.

· Move to a clean area.· Reduce work rates (more manpower/time for

tasks).· Reduce IPE protection levels once safe to do so.· Instigate work/rest routines.· Use collective protection where available.

DECONTAMINATION

17. To be most effective, decontamination must becompleted quickly after an attack (20-30 minutes for un-thickened agent and 2-3 hours for thickened agent).

a. Immediate . Individual responsibility to removecontamination from exposed skin, respirator, glovesand helmet chin strap before it is absorbed.

b. Operational Decontamination . Troops decon-taminate weapons, equipment and trench surfaceswhich they must handle to continue their mission.Carried out on local commander’s orders.

c. Unit Decontamination . Not carried out incombat area. Only likely when a unit is in reserve orleaving a contaminated area, if possible.

d. Priorities for Chemical Decontamination .Different surfaces absorb at different rates.Decontaminate in the following order:

· Stressed laminates (e.g. aircraft canopies)· Rubber· Painted surfaces· Bare metal· Glass

Canvas and camouflage nets cannot be effectivelydecontaminated other than be weathering. Strip offaffected canvas and CAM nets (unless given ordersto the contrary). These should be bagged and/orwrapped, clearly labelled and retained for possiblefuture cleaning.

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 22 - 8

e. Vehicles with Collective Protection (Colpro) .Decontamination by vehicle crews may breach colpro.Commanders may choose not to decontaminate, ortask other troops to do so. Vehicle crews who intendto conduct only operational decontamination shouldwait until they need to dismount for other reasons.

f. Improvisation . Decontamination can beimprovised by:

· Cleaning . Chlorine or bleach basedcleaning products.

· Washing . Wash or scrub off oil and dirtusing as high a water pressure as possible.Control the resulting waste (contaminated).

· Heating . Heat speeds up weathering andremoval of contamination.

· Equipment . As available – typicalexamples include: steam cleaners, hotwater/air blowers, water hydrants/fireengines, commercial car wash, roadsweepers etc.

DRILLS IN RESPONSE TO CONTAMINATION

18. On Encountering :

· Mask up.· Initiate/confirm/reinforce alarms.· Adjust protection measures.· Send NBC 4 Report.· Consider effect on mission.· Identify/monitor hazard level.· Recce for route around or through (hard surface)

contamination.· Where operationally essential, mark the

contaminated area.

19. After Crossing :

· Decontaminate (if required).· If decontamination carried out:

- Adjust necessary protection.- Reset detectors.

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NBC THREAT LEVELS AND INDIVIDUAL PROTECTIVEMEASURES

20. NBC threat levels indicate enemy offensive capabilityand intention to use NBC weapons. They do not relate toactual NBC hazards. NBC Dress States are not directlylinked to specific NBC threat levels. All commanders areto conduct an NBC Risk Estimate and may raise the localNBC threat level. Threat levels may not be loweredwithout the authority of the initiating HQ.

21. NBC Dress States .

a. Unit commanders or nominated localcommanders are to order the appropriate dress statein accordance with their NBC Risk Estimate. Detailsof NBC Threat and Dress States are included in TAMPart 2, Section 5. Note also:

(1) Medium/High Risk of Nerve Vapour or HCNattack ONLY; respiratory protection onlyrequired.

(2) Medium/High risk of Liquid Agent and/orMustard Vapour: Full protection required.

(3) Personnel conducting POL replenishmentin NBC IPE are to wear a ‘butchers’ apron ofCARM to avoid contamination. If POLcontamination occurs then the affected IPE is tobe changed immediately.

(4) If personnel (particularly NBC sentries)become soaked by water/rain then there is nochange in protection efficiency unless thecannister is saturated, in which case it must bechanged.

22. Relaxation of NBC Dress States .

a. In order to minimise heat casualties anddegradation, and to improve operational efficiency,NBC dress states below the minimum may bewarranted in accordance with a risk assessment.

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 22 - 10

b. In order to minimise heat casualties anddegradation consider:

(1) Work rates leading to heat casualties(see TAM Part 2 Sect 5).

(2) Allocate more time to tasks.

(3) Use additional men/resources.

(4) Reduce clothing layers worn under the NBCsuit.

(5) Enforce drinking of fluids (see TAM Part 2Sect 5 for actual requirements).

(6) Relax NBC Dress State. Consider in riskassessment:

· NBC threat level.· Enemy delivery systems and ranges.· Essential local NBC hazard identified

by NBC overlay to IPB, (persistent/non-persistent, contact/vapour, Down-wind Hazard (DWH)).

· Urgency of task and time available.· Available detectors (use of CAM safe

Exposure Guide – see below).· Efficiency of the Warning and

Reporting system.· Weather.· Morale/training/physical state of the

troops.

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 22 - 11

23. CAM Safe Exposure Guide .

‘H’ MODE ‘G’ MODE

BARREADING

SA

FE

SK

INE

XP

OS

UR

E

SA

FE

UN

MA

SK

ING

EX

PO

SU

RE

SA

FE

SK

INE

XP

OS

UR

E

SA

FE

UN

MA

SK

ING

EX

PO

SU

RE

1 I3 hrs in 24hrs

1 hr in24 hrs

1 hr in24 hrs

2 II3 III4 IIII

1 hr in24 hrs

10 mins in24 hrs

UP TO10 mins

5 IIIII6 IIIIII7 IIIIIII

10 mins in24 hrs

DO NOTUNMASK If

ther

e is

no

liqui

dha

zard

, glo

ves

may

be

rem

oved

toco

mpl

ete

a ta

sk

DO NOTUNMASK

8 IIIIIIII DO NOT UNMASK OR REMOVE IPE

Notes:

(1) CAM monitors Nerve (G and V) and Mustard (H) agentvapours. It will only respond to V agents at temperatures above+5oC.(2) Use detector paper on suspicious liquids.(3) When using Safe Exposure Time Guide:

· DO NOT unmask or remove IPE without the localcommander’s approval.

· Always take the highest reading when the bar display isfluctuating.

· DO NOT unmask or remove IPE if the bar display isincreasing.

· Take frequent readings when troops are unmasked.· Exposure times within each 24 hr cycle can be

continuous or broken down into smaller periodsproviding the maximum exposure time is not exceeded.

· After the total exposure time in a 24 hr period has beenreached, wait 24 hrs before further unmasking orexposure if the hazard persists.

· Note that the Safe Exposure Time Guide applies to alllocations.

(4) If a 1 bar reading does not clear the display in 15 minutes,check background with RVD. If RVD shows clear, carry out thedeliberate unmasking drill.

722

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 22 - 12

24. Nuclear Protection and Radiation ExposureGuidance . The radiation exposure level must beconfirmed with formation HQ every 12 hours.

25. Medical Countermeasures . Initiate taking of NAPSand or BATS in accordance with formation orders.

NBC DETECTION, WARNING AND REPORTING

26. Chemical/Biological Safety Rule . Give orders forcircumstances under which the Rule will be implementedwith amendments as appropriate (TAM Part 2 Sect 5).Circumstances will depend on threat level, detection andalarm equipment and the operational task.

27. NBC Sentries .

a. Nuclear Tasks :

· Deploy only on formation orders. Numbersdependent on formation nuclear observerplan.

· Location recorded by NBC cell.· Position in trench with clear field of view.· Equipped as per Orders for Nuclear

Observer (see TAM Part 1).· No additional tasks.

b. Chemical Tasks :

· Numbers and location will depend on threatlevel hazards, tactical situation, weather,ground and availability of detection andalarm.

· Equipped as per Orders for Sentries (seeTAM Part 1).

· No additional tasks.· CO to decide if NAIAD is deployed at unit,

or sub-unit level.

28. Monitoring, Recce and Survey . At threat levelHIGH order the following:

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 22 - 13

Activity Action

ChemicalMonitoring

NBC sentry using CAM(H and G modes)

Chemical RecceContinuous chemical monitoring usingCAMs (H and G) as part of any recceactivity.

Chemical SurveyIdentify and delineate boundaries ofcontamination when op essential usingNBC 5.

Periodic NuclearMonitoring

1. In location or after arrival at a newlocation.2. Hourly intervals.

ContinuousNuclear Monitoring

After a STRIKEWARN – from 2 minutesbefore TOT.

Nuclear RecceNuclear monitoring using PDRM as part ofany recce activity.

Nuclear Survey

Determine extent of contaminated area andidentify radiation levels when operationallyrequired. Commence after fallout hasceased or when a Toxic Industrial (TI)hazard exists.

29. Warning And Reporting

a. Alarms and Signals . See Emergency Alarmsand Signals.

b. NBC Cell (see LCH Pt 1).

c. STRIKEWARN . Below unit level STRIKEWARNmay be abbreviated to an order to affected troops totake cover. Warnings are not to be sent on insecurenets in clear. (See also LCH).

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 23 - 1

OPERATIONAL SECURITY (OPSEC)

1. Application . Operational Security (OPSEC) must beconsidered from the enemy’s point of view. Areas ofweakness must be identified and appropriatecountermeasures considered. All aspects must beconsidered, including administration, logistics,communications and movement. An appropriatecombination of OPSEC measures should be initiated, bothin the initial plan and for use in the event of compromise.

2. Personnel Security . Minimise the risk to individualsfrom subversion and terrorism. This may require controlsto limit movement (curfews, out-of-bounds areas andguards) and to prevent contact between force personneland potential adversary sympathisers.

3. Physical Security . Ensure adequate physicalsecurity with physical barriers (locks, walls, wire, minesand fields of fire) to deny access to classified or sensitivedocuments, equipment, military bases and sensitive areas,and to defeat/prevent physical attack.

4. Document Security . All documents must beprotected in accordance with their classification.Distribution of documents should be limited to those with aneed to know, and delivery means assessed for risk.Marked maps showing complete deployment plans are notto be carried at any level of command outside a protectedHQ. Commanders at all levels and LOs are to carry onlythe minimum essential information to complete their task.

5. Destruction . Clear instructions and/or standingorders are to be issued for the destruction of all classifieddocuments, cryptographic material and classifiedequipment in event of the imminent enemy capture of alocation. It is an individual responsibility to destroy allpersonally held maps, documents, CEIs etc. in the event ofimminent capture.

6. Electronic Protective Measures (EPM) . At unitlevel these should be implemented as:

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 23 - 2

a. Communications Security (COMSEC), includingCOMSEC monitoring of friendly communications priorto, and during, operations to ensure proper securityand procedures are maintained.

b. Electronic Security (ELSEC).

c. Emissions Control (EMCON).

7. Distinctive Markings and Signing . Helmets, ratherthan regimental headdress should be worn on operationsunless otherwise ordered. Distinctive markings, such asnon-approved flashes, tactical signs, vehicle names etc.should not be used unless ordered.

8. Exceptions . Deliberate recognition features may beintroduced for specific situations, especially Peace Supportand UN Operations. Operational Security may also bedeliberately compromised to minimise the possibility offriendly fire incidents. The implementation of suchmeasures will always be directed at formation/theatrelevel.

9. Camouflage and Concealment . A high standard ofbattlefield discipline must always be maintained. The mosteffective method of maintaining the security of a force is toremain hidden. Particular attention must be paid to thethreat from overhead surveillance systems.

724

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 24 - 1

PATROLS

PLANNING

1. Patrol planning should confirm to the followingschedule:

a. By 2300 hrs Daily . Sub-units send patrolrequirements to unit HQ.

b. By 0300 hrs Daily . Unit HQ receives fromformation HQ details of patrol boundaries, collatedpatrol tasks and limitations on routes and timings.

c. By 1100 hrs Daily . Sub-units send detailedroutes and timings to unit HQ.

d. By 1200 hrs Daily . Unit HQ send consolidatedsub-unit tasks table for next 24 hrs period (1800-1800hrs) to formation HQ.

2. Subsequent Action :

a. Formation HQ . Consolidates task tables anddisseminates necessary information to forwardtroops.

b. Unit HQ . Check that forward sub-units withinboundaries are aware of own and neighbouring units'patrol programmes.

c. Sub-unit HQ . Check that troops are aware ofown and neighbouring sub-units' patrol programmes.

COORDINATION

3. Patrol Boundaries . Unit HQs may divide theirallocated areas into sub-unit areas. Within these areassub-unit HQs are solely responsible for patrol activity.Sub-unit HQ co-ordinates:

a. Dispatch and recovery of patrols.

b. Maintenance of communications with patrols.

724

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 24 - 2

c. Quick reaction forces.

4. Communications :

a. Normally radio silence.

b. Use normal password.

5. Patrol Master . Normally Unit Ops Officer.Responsible for:

a. Keeping patrol reports for future reference.

b. Maintaining patrol situation map showing exactposition of own troops, minefields, pre-planned DFs,information from earlier patrols, previous andproposed patrol routes.

c. Briefing patrols or passing necessary briefinginformation to sub-unit briefing officer.

d. Accurate definition of each patrol task to avoidduplication.

e. Adjusting patrol timings and routes to avoidrepetition and clashes.

f. Preparation and issue of the patrol task table.

g. Debriefing patrols.

6. OC Sub-unit . Must give the patrol commanderadequate warning and time for recce, orders, rehearsals ,rest and administration.

7. Patrol Reports . See PTLREP.

725

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 25 - 1

PRISONERS OF WAR, CAPTURED ENEMYDOCUMENTS (CED) AND CAPTURED ENEMY

EQUIPMENT (CEE)

PRISONER OF WAR STATUS

1. All enemy personnel (including military, volunteersand attached civilians) who carry arms openly are to betreated as Prisoners of War (PW) if captured, even if not inuniform. All those of PW status should have some proof ofidentity. If in doubt treat as PW. Note enemy Doctors andChaplains are not PW, but have the same protection.

HANDLING OF PW

2. Disarm and Search .

a. Looting and souvenir hunting are forbidden.

b. Remove, label and backload:

(1) Weapons (ensure unloaded or made safe).

(2) Military documents, including maps.

(3) Military equipment. (See para 11 below).

(4) Potential aids to escape.

c. PW are to be allowed to retain:

(1) Clothing.

(2) Protective equipment (e.g. protectivehelmets, NBC kit).

(3) Personal effects and valuables (unlessordered to be removed by an officer, who mustgive a receipt).

(4) ID card/discs.

(5) Medical/ecclesiastical equipment. (Doctorsand Chaplains are to be allowed to keep their

725

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 25 - 2

professional equipment, except where it couldbe used as a weapon (e.g. a scalpel)).

3. Wounded PW . Seriously wounded PW are to beCASEVAC by normal channels. Tactical Questioners(TQs) should be informed so that normal interrogation cantake place within the CASEVAC chain.

4. Segregate . Segregate PW by sex, rank, service andany which may be carrying maps or military documents ofparticular interest. It is especially important to segregateofficers and senior NCOs from other ranks. If possible,PW should be categorised according to their potentialintelligence value. Categorisation is primarily theresponsibility of intelligence staffs, but the following groupsare an initial guide:

a. Senior Officers (1* or above), aircrew, seniorstaff officers, special forces, technical specialists ofhigh intelligence value (Cat A).

b. Staff officers, ship/unit commanders and othertechnical specialists (Cat B).

c. Other officers (Cat C).

d. Other ranks (Cat D).

e. Females.

f. Deserters and those claiming to be allied agents.

5. Reporting and Documentation .

a. As soon as possible, report presence of PW,CED and CEE (see PWREP(UNIT), PWREP(PWB),PWREC, COMCAPREP and PRETECHREP – allLCH only).

b. F/PW 778 is to be completed as soon aspossible after capture. Part A is to be attached to thePW; Part B is to be retained by the unit andforwarded to the Tactical Questioning team by thefastest possible means for their use in the preparation

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 25 - 3

of Interrogation Reports; Part C is to be attached tocaptured equipment or documents.

c. F/PW 779 is to be completed by the capturingunit or sub unit and is retained by the escortsaccompanying the PW until he reaches theinterrogation unit, cage or camp at which his personalrecord (F/PW 128) is to be prepared. Thereafter it isto be retained with his personal record.

6. Backloading . PW should be backloaded as rapidlyas possible. Special arrangements may be necessary forCat A and B prisoners. Escort PW to the unit PWcollection point. Hand over maps or documents to theIntelligence Officer or Tactical Questioners with theprisoners. PW should carry any available sleeping bags,food etc. In event of a large number of PW, use naturalsites as temporary collection points (e.g. sports grounds,car parks, quarry/mines, any large building), railway rollingstock etc.). Ideal ratio of PW to guard is not more than 4:1.

7. Interrogation . PW are usually interrogated byTactical Questioners or Joint Service Interrogation Unit(JSIU) personnel, rather than by unit personnel. PW arerequired to give captors their full name, rank, servicenumber and DOB. PW must not be forced to giveinformation and refusal to do so does not deprive aprisoner of PW status. Other information may be acquiredby:

a. At Unit Level .

(1) By Tactical Questioning (TQ) and analysisof maps/documents.

(2) Selection of PW for subsequentinterrogation (whether) by TQ or, if not possible,by observation).

b. Above Unit Level . By formation interrogationteams/units. Exceptionally elements of a formationteam may be deployed at unit level.

725

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 25 - 4

TREATMENT OF PW

8. Welfare . Safety and general well-being of PW is theresponsibility of the captors. PW must be provided with:

a. Shelter from weather and enemy fire.

b. Withdrawal from the front line as soon aspossible without needless exposure to danger.

c. Medical treatment if necessary.

d. Sufficient food, water and clothing.

e. NBC protection if necessary and wherepracticable.

f. Human treatment.

9. Fraternisation . Captors are not to fraternise withPW, nor offer comforts (cigarettes, sweets, alcohol etc).

10. Use of Force . Card JSP 381 to be carried by allranks and scrupulously applied.

CED AND CEE

11. Send CED to the unit Intelligence Officer as soon aspossible. Report unusual and not previously sighted CEEimmediately (see PRETECHREP - LCH only). Documentand tag all captured equipment and documents withF/PW/778 before backloading.

726

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 26 - 1

PROTECTION MEASURES/LOCAL ALERT STATES

WHEN STATIC

1. Basic Drill :

· Get under cover where possible.· Mount sentries, allocate arcs and detail stand to

positions.· Clear area for mines if threat exists.· Clearance patrols as required.· Dig shell scrapes. (Minimum requirement).· Practice stand to.· Establish liaison with flanking or nearby units.· Issue Emergency RV.

2. Alert States . Dependent on threat, order alert state:

a. GREEN ALERT . (Attack unlikely)

· Single ground sentries with comms (doublesentries by night or if necessary).

· Turret sentries to protect ground sentry (ifavailable).

· HQs manned (watchkeepers only).· Chemical and air sentries as required.

b. AMBER ALERT . (Attack possible)

· Increase sentries/limited stand to.· All radios manned (on standby).· HQs officer-manned (as appropriate).

c. RED ALERT . (Attack imminent)

· 100% stand to.· All HQs and radios manned.· All drivers with vehicles/turret crews

mounted.· AFVs closed down (less lookouts).

3. Stand To . Local orders must detail method ofordering both silent (enemy seen first) and noisy (enemy

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 26 - 2

sees first) stand to. Overt practice of stand to procedurescan betray them and the position to a hidden observer.Stand to is to be carried out:

· To test and confirm a new position.· When attacked by ground forces.· When warned of an imminent threat.· At the discretion of the commander who is to

consider whether a first light and last light standto is appropriate. He should also considerestablishing standing patrols/OPs on likelyapproaches at times of increased threat.

4. Stand Down . Ordered by the appropriate commanderby voice, codeword or radio. Level of the new alert state tobe detailed at same time.

5. Sentries .

· Sentries must be covered by another.· Avoid establishing a patrol routine or pattern.· See also Challenging and Passwords (this

section).

ACTION ON ENEMY GROUND/AIR ATTACK

6. General .

· Initiate RED ALERT . (See Emergency Alarms- this section).

· Minimum noise and movement.· Generators and Engines off (initially).· Return fire as ordered.· Send Contact/Sighting Report.· Prepare to move to emergency RV if necessary.

7. HQs.

· Personnel not on duty stand to.· Turn off engines and non-essential generators.· Disconnect loudspeakers and minimise radio

volume and traffic.· At night, enforce light discipline.

726

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 26 - 3

PROTECTION ON THE MOVE

8. Commanders should consider :

· Order of March (OOM) - should be dictated bythe need to ensure security on the move. Thismay take priority over the desired order ofarrival.

· Use of scouts, recce, advance party, engineerroute opening party, vanguard, rear guard, flankprotection etc. as necessary to prove the routeand provide security during the move.

· Vehicle sentries, and ground sentries at halts.· Vehicle spacing and speed.· Action on halts, blocked routed, ambush, air

attack and breakdown (including security ofbroken-down vehicles).

· Allocating observation arcs.

9. Action before the move .

· Issue Orders. (Warning Order ASP).· Ensure crews are fully briefed.· Practise alarms and drills.· Earmark ambush reaction forces, including

alternatives.

10. Action during the move .

· Maintaining speed and distances.· Personnel are to be armed, equipped and alert.· Vehicle sentries are to maintain observation in

vehicle turrets.· Disperse vehicles with AAAD capability.

11. Action on Ambush .

a. Enemy seen first .

· Halt, disperse and take cover.· Take appropriate aggressive action.· Report and warn others.· Find alternate route if necessary.

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 26 - 4

b. Enemy fires first .

· Return fire immediately.· Drive out of killing area. Then as above.· If caught in killing area, debus and take

appropriate aggressive action.· Following vehicles halt short of the ambush

and take action as above.

12. Action on air attack or sighting of enemy aircraft :

· Give appropriate warning signs (see EmergencyAlarms – this section).

· Disperse and take cover. If cover is notimmediately available the best policy is to keepmoving at increased speed and seek cover asquickly as possible.

· Dismount and take cover as ordered.· Stand to AAAD weapons (see All Arms Air

Defence – this section).· Report incident and continue moving ASP.

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REFUGEES

1. Definition . Members of the civilian population whohave fled from their home areas in order to escape theeffects of war.

2. Responsibilities . Primarily the civilian police andHost Nation (HN) authorities where capable. To includecontrol of movement, provision of shelter, food, medicaland transport. Where local agencies are incapable,responsibility falls to G3 staff (may be delegated to provoststaff).

3. Principles :

a. Aim . Evacuate to a safe area. Minimiseinterference and prevent enemy infiltration.

b. Initial Control . Address cause of displacedpersons. Control movement as close to the point oforigin as possible.

c. Subsequent Control . Use incentives such asshelter, food or medical facilities to attract to minorroutes away from military movement.

4. Movement Control

a. Planning Phase

(1) Select Main Civilian Routes (MCRs)

(2) Locate Check Points (CPs) on:

(a) Approaches to military routes

(b) Intersections of MSRs/MCRs

(3) Staging Areas with Host Nation facilities,e.g. shelter, food, sanitary and medical.

(4) Communications - interpreters, PA Systemsetc.

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 27 - 2

(5) Communications Plan

b. Movement Phase

(1) Mobile patrols

(2) Reports to higher formations

(3) Control and discipline plans

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REGROUPING

1. Sequence of action :· Commander decides to regroup.· Issue Warning Order and Orders.· Action by receiving HQ.· Action by regrouping or joining sub-units.

2. Support Elements . Do not move to the new locationunless specifically ordered.

3. Logistic Support . Sub unit slice of A Echelonaccompanies the regrouping sub unit.

ORDERS

4. Warning Order . Send as soon as possible throughthe superior HQ of the sub unit being regrouped.

5. Orders . Main requirements are:· SITREP.· Receiving HQ.· Timings (movement, no move before (NMB),

notice to move (NTM), orders).· Grouping and command status of the sub unit

being regrouped.· Tasks on regrouping.· Expected duration of regrouping.· RV and route.· Harbour party details.· Logistic support.· Liaison.· Any additional information.

ACTION BY RECEIVING HQ

6. Send LO to RV to :· Brief joining commander on the combat

situation, deployment, obstacles, etc.· Issue CEIs.· Guide joining sub unit to new location.· Issue orders to joining sub unit.

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 28 - 2

· Confirm details of: COMBATREP, PERSREPand Admin/log requirements.

7. When regrouped sub unit is operationally ready, sendCOMBATREP, PERSREP and LOGSITUNIT to Unit HQ(for the complete regrouped sub unit).

ACTION BY CHANGING OR JOINING SUB UNIT

8. Before effective Change of Command :· Acknowledge regrouping orders.· Confirm callsign of moving sub unit to receiving

sub unit through superior HQ.· Send COMBATREP, PERSREP and any

additional required information.· Commander changes to receiving unit/sub unit

net and moves to RV.· Confirm logistic slice available.

9. On effective Change of Command :· Sub unit changes to receiving sub unit or unit

nets.· Ensure sufficient CEIs received.· Confirm location and movement details.· Send any special administrative requirements.

A ECHELON ACTION ON REGROUPING

10. Regrouping of a sub unit to another Unit :· Provide SQMS/CQMS with Echelon slice.· Info QM and OC LAD of intended movement.· Arrange movement direct with OC A2 Echelon of

receiving unit.· Info OC A2 Echelon of receiving unit of admin

state of sub unit.

11. Regrouping within a Unit :· Inform SQMS/CQMS of both changing and

receiving sub units.· Inform OC LAD.

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 29 - 1

RELIEF IN PLACE

The following information is to be passed to the relievingunit by the in place unit:

1. Enemy . All relevant information, including:

· Locations, identifications, equipment andstrength.

· Nature of Operations (including air threat).· Patrol and sniper activity.· Position and type of any minefields or obstacles.· Types of mines.· Location, arcs and types of surveillance devices.· Areas of mortar and artillery fire concentrations.· Known, or suspected OPs.· Details of any chemical contamination and the

nature of attacks (type of agent, times, etc).· Known routine, routes etc.

2. Own Troops .

· Orders for the defence of the area, including:- The tactical concept and defensive plan.- Anti-armour plan.- STAP.- Fire Plan, DFs, FPF, position of OPs.- Air Defence.- Chemical defence plan and NBC alert state.- Liaison with flanking troops.- Location of contact and co-ordination points.

· Own and flanking troop positions.· Recent SITREPs, patrol reports and maps.· Minefield (AF W4017) and obstacles.· Field defences and protection – current status.· Alternative positions.· Range cards.· Availability of defence stores, mines and wire.· Any equipment, vehicles and supplies to be

handed over.

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 29 - 2

3. Terrain .

· Details of dead ground, particularly possibleenemy approaches.

· Routes, tracks and natural obstacles.· Track discipline.· Limitations on movement by day and night.

4. Administration .

· Location of echelons.· Chemical defence stores.· Medical arrangements, including location of the

RAP.· Arrangements and policy on the repair and

recovery of equipment.· Resupply arrangements including the location of

dumps.

5. Command and Control .

· Time of change of command.· Command status when command switches to

the receiving unit.· Command status of support units.· Communications plan during the relief.· Arrangements for the take over of any line links.· Codes, frequencies and passwords.

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REPLENISHMENT

1. Running Replenishment . The normal form ofreplenishment (replen). To be carried out before movinginto hide or harbour areas. There are two basic layouts:

a. Fuel with Bowsers/Pods :

RelPt

G

Water B B

Rations/Mail

G G

Ammo A A

Ammo A A

POL R R

RV (1)

Displayed Lights :

B BlueG GreenR RedA Amber

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 30 - 2

b. Packed Fuel :

RelPt

G

Water B B

Rations/Mail

G G

Ammo A A

(4)

Ammo A A

POL Fuel Filling Area

LoadCans R R

RV (1)

Notes :

(1) Both sides of the replen are to be used wherepossible.(2) Tank guns rear for fuel, traverse front for ammo.(3) If resources permit, it may be quicker and easier toestablish separate replen points for tanks and other AFVs.

2. Lights . Display lights at the RV to indicate type ofreplen when operating under radio silence:

2 x dimmed red tail lights - double sided replenSingle dimmed red tail light - single side replenAmber – packed, Blue - pod

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Issue 1.0: Feb 99 7 - 30 - 3

3. Within the replen area, lights on individual vehiclesare to be as shown in diagram. No light on vehicleindicates vehicle is closed - continue onto the next openvehicle.

4. Battle Replen . When AFVs are in fire positions andrequire urgent replen, replen vehicles are to be escorted toa suitable safe site to the rear of the position. AFVs arethen normally moved individually to the replen point insequence.

5. Hide Replen . Replen in hide should only be usedwhen rolling replen is not possible. Replen vehicles are tobe escorted to a suitable RV behind the hide. IndividualAFVs are then to be replen by replen vehicles and crews.AFVs are not to leave their hide positions.

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ROAD MOVEMENT

1. Signing . If route not signed by formation, reccetroop/platoon man TCPs as necessary.

2. March Discipline . Broken down vehicles clear theroute.

3. Action in event of Attack :· Nearest group engages immediately.· Other vehicles halt off route.· Call for artillery and mortar fire.

4. Halts .· Switch off lights and engines.· Post sentries.· Basic camouflage on all vehicles.

5. Completion of Move . Each packet reports newposition and vehicle state to unit HQ.

INSTRUCTIONS FOR MOVEMENT

6. Density :

a. By Day . Max 9 vehicles per km as individualvehicles, or packets of 4-8 vehicles.

b. Night . Maximum of 4-5 vehicles per km.

7. Gaps . Minimum gap between vehicles:

a. Day/Night Move with Lights . Not less than50m.

b. Blackout . No less than 5m.

8. Packet Interval :

a. Wheeled Vehicles . 1 minute at 40 kih.

b. Tracked Vehicles . 1 minute at 20 kih.

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9. Speed . The following speeds are to be maintainedunless otherwise ordered. Note that speeds areexpressed as km in the hr (kih), i.e. average maintainedspeed (which includes short halts):

a. Day Wheels Tracks

(1) Motorway 50 30

(2) Good roads 40 30

(3) Bad roads 30 20

b. Night Wheels Tracks

(1) Main road 30 25(restricted lights)

(2) Main road 15 15(no lights)

(3) Hilly/poor roads 10 10

10. Markings (Peacetime restriction only):

Day Night

First vehicle Blue flag Blue lamp

Last vehicle Green flag Green lamp

Vehicle Yellow flag Red reflectiveCasualty triangle

Priority White inverted Second blue orVehicles triangle with tac green lamp

sign of Authorisingcommander in thecentre

11. Halts . 10 minutes in every 2 hours for wheeledvehicles. Columns including AFVs should halt for 20minutes.

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SECURITY INCIDENT REPORTING

1. Report all security incidents as quickly as possible toUnit HQ or the nearest RMP post. Pass sensitiveinformation by hand whenever possible. Use the INCREPformat (included in both TAM and LCH) using securecommunications where possible.

2. Examples of potential security incidents, particularlyduring periods of increased tension, include the following:

· Suspicious vehicles and/or personnel.· Acts of sabotage or malicious damage.· Loss of classified documents or verbal breeches

of security.· Loss of ID cards, MOD Form 90 or other security

passes.· Loss of arms or ammunition.· Theft of military equipment.· Malicious/subversive talk or rumour.· Political rallies, meetings or demonstrations

particularly those directed against militaryestablishments or personnel.

· Military missions/observers.· Any other incidents that might have a security

significance.

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STATES OF READINESS

Readiness State/NTM Preparedness

ImmediateCrews mounted, engines running,radios on, weapons made safe,sentries in

5 minutesEquipment loaded, engines off,no camouflage but concealed,commanders ready for orders,sentries out

15 minutesEquipment loaded, camouflageup, troops resting, sentries out

30 minutes (1)1 hour ((1)

2 hours

Not to be employed on any taskswithout the authority of superiorHQ, not to leave base location.Maintenance and rest can becompleted.

6 hours

Allows recce and confirmation oftask prior to main body move,elements (e.g. R Group) likely tobe at reduced NTM, troops maybe deployed in local area, troopsmay be re-tasked

Notes:

(1) If different states of readiness are adopted, thepreparedness required must be stated unless previouslyestablished in SOIs/SOPs. The 30 minutes and 1 hourNTM states shown here for example have a specificmeaning and utility for aviation, airmobility and airmanoeuvre units and formations.

(2) Changes to NTM must only be made within theexisting notice (e.g. a unit on 2 hours NTM can only bereduced to 15 minutes NTM 1 hr 45 minutes hence).

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 8 - 1

NOTES

This section is designed to hold your notes.

Standard filofax paper may be inserted as replacementpages (available in both standard and waterproof forms).

Replacement pages should be demanded as stationerythrough your unit.

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 9 - 1

RESERVED

This section is reserved for possible future use.

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 10 - 1

COMMANDER'S DISCRETION

INTRODUCTORY NOTE

1. Section 10 is designed to allow Commanding Officersto lay down, for use within their own unit, certainprocedures which it is not appropriate or possible tostandardise Army-wide.

2. This new issue of TAM Part 3 (replacing AUSOPs)has been designed to be compatible with the structure andcontent of existing Part 10s, for example therecommended structure and contents are essentially thesame. Units are however strongly recommended to takethe opportunity to revise their Part 10s as there have beensignificant changes in other areas, for example Reportsand Returns. Note that as the complete TAM is nowproduced in three Parts, the original "Parts" in AUSOPsare now referred to as "Sections", hence Part 10 inAUSOPs is equivalent to Section 10 in TAM Part 3.

3. Units may prefer to originate their Part 10s in A4 orA5 format for use within Nyrex folders or similar and manyunits (particularly the Armoured Infantry) have developed a"Battlebook" on this basis. This is perfectly acceptable, butnote that the structure and numbering of the contents ismandatory. This is to enhance interoperability in thatattached personnel and sub units will find it much easier toconform. In all other respects, the layout and contents areentirely at Commanding Officers' discretion.

4. Note also the inclusion of Section 6. This is availablefor the development of special inserts by any competentauthority. The aim is to allow a degree of "tailoring" toenhance the utility of this publication in a particular role,theatre, arm or discipline.

CONTENTS

5. The Section 10 Contents list (and related SOPnumbering) is as follows:

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 10 - 2

1000 Introductory Note1001 Siting, Layout and Defence of the HQ1002 Staff Responsibilities1003 Duties of Watchkeepers1004 Command Post Routine1005 Procedures for Moving HQ1006 Organisation of Echelons1007 Equipment for Command Posts1008 Contents of the Battle Box1009 Daily Routine1010 Staff Tables1011 Movement Tables1012 Dress and Equipment Scales1013 Ammunition Scales1014 Vehicle Loading Plans1015 Briefings and Conferences

Special to Unit/Arm/Equipment NBC SOPs1016 Pre-Attack Measures1017 Attack Measures1018 Post-Attack Measures

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 11 - 1

RESERVED

This section is reserved for possible future use.

Issue 1.0: Feb 99 12 - 1

RESERVED

This section is reserved for possible future use.